Chapter 74.

Defence Act 1974.

Certified on: / /20 .

 INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA.

Chapter 74.

Defence Act 1974.

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS.

PART I – PRELIMINARY.
1. Interpretation.
“aircraft”
“the Code of Military Discipline”
“the Commander of the Defence Force”
“co-operating force”
“defence area”
“the Defence Council”
“the Defence Council Orders”
“the Defence Force Judge”
“Defence Force Magistrate”
“defence stand-by”
“the Department”
“Deputy Defence Force Judge”
“disciplinary officer”
“disciplined force”
“member of the Defence Force”
“military”
“non-commissioned member”
“non-commissioned officer”
“officer”
“Papua New Guinea service law”
“person subject to the Code of Military Discipline”
“prescribed”
“rank”
“the Regular Force”
“the regulations”
“the Reserve Force”
 “service authorities”
“service law”
“superior officer”
“this Act”
“unit”
“vehicle”
“vessel”
2. Application.
PART II – THE DEFENCE FORCE.
3. Functions, etc., of the Defence Force.
4. Duty of the Defence Force.
PART III – HIGHER DEFENCE ORGANIZATION.
Division 1 – Structure.
5. Department of Defence.
6. Commander of the Defence Force.
7. Defence Council.
Division 2 – Functions.
8. Functions of the Defence Council.
9. Functions of the Secretary.
10. Functions of the Commander of the Defence Force.
11. Delegation.
PART IV – CONSTITUTION, MEMBERSHIP, ETC., OF THE
DEFENCE FORCE.
12. Constitution of the Force.
13. Constitution of the Regular Force.
14. Constitution of the Reserve Force.
15. Units, etc.
16. Attachment of members of other disciplined forces.
17. Ranks in the Defence Force.
18. Senior officers.
PART V – EMPLOYMENT OF THE FORCE.
Division 1 – General.
19. General functions of the Defence Force.
Division 2 – Aid to Civil Power.
20. Aid to civil power.
21. Police powers of members of the Defence Force.
22. Civil disasters.
23. Service in the public interest.
24. States of emergency.
PART VI – CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER FORCES.
25. Co-operating forces.
26. Attachment, etc., to Defence Force.
27. Command of officers of co-operating and other forces.
28. Attachment to forces of other countries.
29. Equivalent ranks, etc.

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 PART VII – TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.
30. Enlistment.
31. Effect of irregular enlistment.
32. Period of service.
33. Termination of service.
34. Suspension from duty.
35. Re-enlistment, etc., generally.
36. Re-enlistment of certain persons.
37. Promotion, reduction and reversion.
38. Other terms and conditions of service.
39. Workers’ Compensation.
PART VIII – SERVICE OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS OF THE
DEFENCE FORCE.
40. The Regular Force.
41. Mobilization of the Reserve Force.
42. Declaration of defence stand-by.
43. Declaration of operational service.
44. Commitment into action.
PART IX – SERVICE LAW AND DISCIPLINE.
45. The Defence Force Judge and Deputy Judges.
46. Defence Force Magistrates.
47. Procedures.
48. Prosecutors and defenders.
49. Representation of accused.
50. Redress of grievances.
51. Boards of Inquiry.
52. Witnesses.
PART X – OFFENCES.
Division 1 – Division 1.-Serious Offences.
53. Interpretation of Division 1.
“enemy”
“mutiny”
54. Aiding the enemy.
55. Mutiny.
56. Desertion.
57. Looting.
58. Misconduct on operational service.
Division 2 – Other Offences.
59. Information relating to enlistment.
60. Unlawfully disposing of arms, etc.
61. Obstruction of members of Defence Force, etc.
PART XI – MISCELLANEOUS.
62. Defence Force manoeuvres.
63. Annual reports.
64. Attachment of members to civilian authorities.
65. Personal effects.
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66. Apprenticeships, courses of training, etc.
67. Political activities, etc.
68. Election to the Parliament.
69. Liability for tolls, etc.
70. Requisitioning.
71. Protection of members of the Defence Force, etc.
72. Regulations.
SCHEDULE 1 – Code of Military Discipline.

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 INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA.

AN ACT

entitled

Defence Act 1974,

Being an Act to establish a Papua New Guinea Defence Force and to provide for its
control, maintenance and discipline, and for related matters.

PART I. – PRELIMINARY.

1. INTERPRETATION.
(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears–
“aircraft” means any machine that can derive support from the reactions of
the air, whether manned or unmanned, and includes an aeroplane,
balloon, kite balloon, airship or glider;
“the Code of Military Discipline” means the code set out in Schedule 1;
“the Commander of the Defence Force” means the Commander of the
Defence Force appointed under Section 6;
“co-operating force” means the forces of another country, or a part of any
such forces, declared under Section 25 to be forces acting in co-operation
with the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force;
“defence area” means any land, water, air-space, or part of the sea-bed or the
sub-soil of the sea-bed, or any building or part of a building, whether
within or outside the country, that is reserved under the Land Act 1996,
or set apart, used, occupied or otherwise controlled for defence purposes;
“the Defence Council” means the Defence Council established by Section 7;
“the Defence Council Orders” means the Defence Council Orders issued
under Section 8(2);
“the Defence Force Judge” means the Defence Force Judge appointed
under Section 45, and in relation to the exercise or performance of any
s. 1. Defence 9999

power or function delegated to a Deputy Defence Force Judge under

that section includes that Deputy Defence Force Judge;
“Defence Force Magistrate” means a Defence Force Magistrate appointed
under Section 46;
“defence stand-by” means a period during which a notice under Section 42 is
in force;
“the Department” means the Department of Defence established in
accordance with Section 5;
“Deputy Defence Force Judge” means a Deputy Defence Force Judge
appointed under Section 45;
“disciplinary officer” means a person who is a disciplinary officer within the
meaning of the Code of Military Discipline;
“disciplined force” means the Police Force, the Correctional institutions
Service or any service or force prescribed by the regulations or any other
Act to be a disciplined force for the purposes of this definition;
“member of the Defence Force” means a person enlisted in the Defence
Force under Section 30;
“military” shall be construed as relating to all or any part of the Defence
Force;
“non-commissioned member” means a member of the Defence Force other
than an officer;
“non-commissioned officer” means a person holding a rank in the Defence
Force referred to in Section 17(1)(b), or a person holding any other rank
prescribed under Section 17(3) to be a non-commissioned officer rank;
“officer” means a person holding a rank in the Defence Force referred to in
Section 17(1)(a) or any other rank prescribed under Section 17(3) to be a
commissioned rank, and includes a chaplain;
“Papua New Guinea service law” means the law governing the Defence
Force or a part of the Defence Force;
“person subject to the Code of Military Discipline” means a person
referred to in Section C3 of the Code of Military Discipline;
“prescribed” means prescribed in this Act, the regulations or the Defence
Council Orders;
“rank”, in relation to a member of the Defence Force, means the rank
provided for, by or under, Section 17 held by him;
“the Regular Force” means the Regular Force provided for by Section 12(a);
“the regulations” means any regulations made under this Act;
“the Reserve Force” means the Reserve Force provided for by Section 12(b);

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 Defence 9999 s. 2.

“service authorities”, in relation to a country, means the military, naval or

air force authorities of that country;
“service law”, in relation to a country, means the law governing the military,
naval or air forces of that country, or any part of those forces;
“superior officer”, in relation to a member of the Defence Force, means a
member who–
(a) is superior to him in rank; or
(b) is, in the particular circumstances or at the particular time,
entitled to give lawful orders to him;
“this Act” includes the Code of Military Discipline, the regulations and the
Defence Council Orders;
“unit” means a unit of the Defence Force established under Section 15;
“vehicle” means a conveyance, whether or not manned, that is propelled,
boosted or towed for transporting a burden on land, but does not include
an amphibious vehicle while in the water;
“vessel” means any kind of water-craft, however propelled and whether
manned or unmanned, and includes an amphibious vehicle while in the
water.
(2) For the purposes of this Act, a person who–
(a) with intent to remain permanently absent from duty, leaves, or fails to
attend at, his place of duty without authority; or
(b) having left or failed to attend at his place of duty, forms the intention,
or behaves in a manner that shows the intention, to remain
permanently absent from duty without authority; or
(c) having been warned for operational service, is absent from duty with
intent to avoid that service,
is said to desert.
(3) A reference in this Act to a person’s being on operational service shall be
read as a reference to any period during which a unit of which he is a member, or to
which he is attached, is on operational service under Section 43.

2. APPLICATION.
(1) This Act binds the State.
(2) This Act applies inside and outside the country.

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s. 3. Defence 9999

PART II. – THE DEFENCE FORCE.

3. FUNCTIONS, ETC., OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

The functions and duties of the Defence Force are as provided by or under the
Constitution and this and any other Act.

4. DUTY OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) Subject to this Act and any other law, it is the duty of the Defence Force
and of the members of the Defence Force to carry out the lawful orders of the
Government and of superior officers in achieving the purposes of this Act, and in
doing so such force (including lethal force) may be used as appears to be reasonably
necessary.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a direction or order that is inconsistent
with the laws and usages of war is not a lawful direction or order.

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 Defence 9999 s. 5.

PART III. – HIGHER DEFENCE ORGANIZATION.

Division 1.
Structure.

5. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE.
1Under the Public Services (Management) Act 1995, there shall be–
(a) a Department of Defence, which shall have such functions as are
prescribed by or under this Act and any other Act; and
(b) an office of Secretary for Defence, which shall be the office of
Departmental Head of the Department.

6. COMMANDER OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) An office of Commander of the Defence Force is hereby established.
(2) The Commander of the Defence Force–
(a) shall be appointed in accordance with Section 193 (appointments to
certain offices) of the Constitution; and
(b) may be suspended or dismissed at any time by the Head of State, acting
on advice, by notice in the National Gazette.
(3) The terms and conditions of appointment of the Commander of the Defence
Force are as determined by the Head of State, acting on advice, and, except where
the contrary intention appears, Part VII does not apply to or in relation to the
Commander.

7. DEFENCE COUNCIL.
(1) A Defence Council is hereby established.
(2) The Council shall consist of–
(a) the Minister; and
(b) the Secretary of Defence; and
(c) the Commander of the Defence Force.
(3) The Minister is the Chairman of the Council.
(4) Subject to this Act and to the regulations, the procedures of the Council are
as determined by it.
(5) Where it is provided by or under this Act or any other law that a matter or
thing shall or may be done by the Defence Council–
(a) that matter or thing shall or may, as the case may be, be done by the
Minister after having received the advice of the Defence Council; and

1
Section 5 amended by Public Service (Management) (Consequential Amendments) Act 1986 (No. 29 of 1986), s30.
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s. 8. Defence 9999

(b) except with the approval of the Head of State, acting on advice, the
Minister shall act only in accordance with the advice of the Defence
Council.

Division 2.
Functions.

8. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEFENCE COUNCIL.

(1) Subject to this Act and to any other Act, and to any directions given by the
Head of State, acting on advice, the Defence Council has the following functions:–
(a) through the Commander of the Defence Force, to have control of the
Defence Force;
(b) to supervise the administration of the Defence Force and the
Department;
(c) after consultation with the Public Services Commission, to determine
the terms and conditions of service (including pay and allowances) of
members of the Defence Force;
(d) such other functions as are provided for by the regulations.
(2) Subject to this Act and the regulations, the Defence Council may make and
issue Defence Council Orders as to any matter that may be provided for by the
regulations, and the Orders are binding, in accordance with their tenor, on–
(a) members of the Defence Force; and
(b) other persons subject to the Code of Military Discipline; and
(c) officers and employees of the Public Service in the Department.
(3) The Minister may, by written notice, authorize the Secretary for Defence
and the Commander of the Defence Force to exercise and perform jointly, in the
name of the Defence Council, any of the powers and functions of the Council, but this
subsection does not prevent the exercise of a power or the performance of a function
by the Council.
(4) A document purporting to be a Defence Council Order or a copy of a
Defence Council Order bearing the signature or a facsimile of the signature of the
Secretary for Defence is prima facie evidence that it is such an Order or a copy of
such an Order.

9. FUNCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY.

(1) In addition to his other powers, functions, duties and responsibilities under
this or any other Act, the Secretary for Defence–
(a) is the principal civilian adviser to the Minister on matters relating to
the Defence Force; and

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 Defence 9999 s. 10.

(b) is responsible for the efficient administration of, and the control and
accounting for, all public moneys appropriated or otherwise legally
available for the purposes of defence administration; and
(c) is responsible for the control of all civilian and military personnel
employed in respect of his functions; and
(d) is the Secretary to the Defence Council.
(2) Except as provided in Subsection (1)(c), Subsection (1) does not give the
Secretary for Defence any power of command in the Defence Force, except that, for
the purpose of the exercise and performance of his powers, functions, duties and
responsibilities, and in other cases when so directed by the Minister, he is entitled to
full and free access to–
(a) all vehicles, vessels and aircraft of the Defence Force and all defence
areas; and
(b) all books, accounts and records relating to public moneys appropriated
or otherwise legally available for the purposes of defence
administration; and
(c) such other places and things relating to or under the control of the
Defence Force as are directed by the Minister.

10. FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMANDER OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) In addition to his other powers, functions, duties and responsibilities under
this or any other Act, the Commander of the Defence Force–
(a) is the principal military adviser to the Minister; and
(b) subject to this Act, has the command of the Defence Force; and
(c) is responsible for the efficient administration and operational readiness
of the Defence Force; and
(d) has and shall exercise such financial delegations in relation to the
Defence Force as are conferred on him under any Act; and
(e) is responsible for the control of all civilian personnel employed in
respect of his functions.
(2) Where in his opinion exceptional circumstances warrant it, the Commander
of the Defence Force has the right of direct access to the Prime Minister, but when he
intends to exercise, or exercises, that right he shall inform the Minister as soon as
practicable.
(3) Subject to Section 8, in addition to his other functions under this Act the
Commander of the Defence Force has, subject to the National Executive Council and
the Minister by virtue of Section 201 (control of the defence force) of the Constitution,
the command, direction and general superintendence of the Defence Force.
(4) Unless the Head of State, acting on advice, otherwise directs, all orders and
instructions to the Defence Force (other than Defence Council Orders) that are
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s. 11. Defence 9999

required to give effect to the decisions and to carry out the directions of the
Government, the Minister or the Defence Council, shall be given by or through the
Commander of the Defence Force.

11. DELEGATION.
(1) The Commander of the Defence Force may, by instrument, delegate to any
prescribed person or class of persons all or any of his powers or functions under this
Act.
(2) A delegation under Subsection (1) may provide for further delegations or
subdelegations to any prescribed person or class of persons.
(3) A subdelegation under this section is revocable, in writing, at will.

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 Defence 9999 s. 12.

PART IV. – CONSTITUTION, MEMBERSHIP, ETC., OF THE DEFENCE

FORCE.

12. CONSTITUTION OF THE FORCE.

The Defence Force shall consist of–
(a) a Regular Force; and
(b) a Reserve Force.

13. CONSTITUTION OF THE REGULAR FORCE.

(1) The Regular Force shall consist of persons who are enlisted in the Defence
Force for continuous full-time service or who are transferred from the Reserve Force
to the Regular Force under this Act.
(2) The Head of State, acting on advice, from time to time shall determine the
maximum number of members in the Regular Force.

14. CONSTITUTION OF THE RESERVE FORCE.

(1) The Reserve Force shall consist of–
(a) persons who, having been discharged from the Regular Force, have
volunteered and been accepted for service in and have been enlisted in
the Defence Force otherwise than for continuous full-time service; and
(b) persons transferred from the Regular Force to the Reserve Force under
this Act; and
(c) subject to Section 41, other persons enlisted in the Reserve Force
otherwise than for continuous full-time service.
(2) The Head of the State, acting on advice, may from time to time determine
the maximum number of members in the Reserve Force under Subsection (1)(a), (b)
or (c).
(3) Members of the Reserve Force shall render such service as is prescribed.

15. UNITS, ETC.

The units of the Defence Force are as prescribed.

16. ATTACHMENT OF MEMBERS OF OTHER DISCIPLINED FORCES.

(1) By arrangement with the Minister responsible for another disciplined force,
the Minister may attach to the Defence Force a unit or element of that disciplined
force.
(2) For the purposes of this Act, a member of a unit or element of another
disciplined force attached under Subsection (1) shall be deemed to be a member of

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s. 17. Defence 9999

the Defence Force and this Act, subject to any prescribed modifications, applies
accordingly.

17. RANKS IN THE DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) Subject to Subsections (2) and (3), the ranks in the Defence Force are as
follows:–
(a) commissioned officer ranks–
(i) Brigadier-General;
(ii) Colonel;
(iii) Lieutenant-Colonel;
(iv) Major;
(v) Captain;
(vi) Lieutenant;
(vii) Second Lieutenant;
(b) non-commissioned officer ranks–
(i) Chief Warrant Officer;
(ii) Warrant Officer;
(iii) Sergeant;
(iv) Corporal;
(v) Lance-Corporal;
(c) private.
(2) Subject to Subsection (3), there is a commissioned officer rank of chaplain,
and the regulations or the Defence Council Orders may–
(a) provide for different grades within that rank; and
(b) accord for the purposes of administration and discipline, to each grade,
status corresponding to the appropriate commissioned officer rank set
out in Subsection (1)(a).
(3) The regulations or the Defence Council Orders may provide for–
(a) ranks in addition to or in substitution for the ranks set out in
Subsections (1) and (2); and
(b) substantive, probationary, provisional or other tenure of any rank.

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 Defence 9999 s. 18.

18. SENIOR OFFICERS.

2Appointments and promotions of members of the Defence Force (other than
appointments and promotions to the office of Commander of the Defence Force), to
the rank of Colonel or above, shall be made by the Head of State, acting on advice.

2
Section 18 amended by No. 11 of 1976, s2.
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s. 19. Defence 9999

PART V. – EMPLOYMENT OF THE FORCE.

Division 1.
General.

19. GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

The functions of the Defence Force are as provided for by Part VII (the State
Services) of the Constitution, and this Part shall be read subject to that Part.

Division 2.
Aid to Civil Power.

20. AID TO CIVIL POWER.

(1) At the request of the appropriate civil authority, the Defence Force, or a
part of the Defence Force, may be called out by the Head of State, acting on advice,
for prescribed service in aid of the civil power where, in the opinion of the Head of
State, acting on advice, a situation threatening national security or the preservation
of public order exists such that the intervention of the Defence Force to support the
civil power is required.
(2) The Prime Minister shall immediately send a statement of the reason for
the call-out under Subsection (1) to the Speaker, for presentation to the Parliament.
(3) If the Parliament is not in session on the date of the call-out under
Subsection (1), it shall be summoned to meet within 10 days after that date.

21. POLICE POWERS OF MEMBERS OF THE DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) Subject to Subsection (4), a member of the Defence Force on duty under
Section 20–
(a) in addition to his other powers and duties, has such of the powers and
duties of a member of the Police Force as are conferred on him by order
of the Head of State, acting on advice; and
(b) has all the immunities and protection of a member of the Police Force,
but this section does not derogate any immunities and protections that any member
of the Defence Force has under any other law.
(2) In the case of an officer, Subsection (1) applies as though he were a
commissioned officer of the Police Force of the equivalent rank.
(3) For the purposes of Subsection (2), the regulations may declare what are
the ranks in the Defence Force that are the equivalents of ranks in the Police Force.
(4) Notwithstanding any other law, members of the Defence Force on duty
under Section 20 must act as a military force, and are individually liable to obey the
orders of their superior officers.

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 Defence 9999 s. 22.

22. CIVIL DISASTERS.

(1) In this section, “civil disaster” means a disturbance of the earth’s surface,
oceanic disturbance, fire, flood, famine or food shortage, tempest, epidemic, pest,
plague, shipping or aircraft disaster or other disaster.
(2) At the request of the appropriate civil authority, the Defence Force or a
part of the Defence Force, at the direction of the Minister, may give assistance to the
civil power in the event of a civil disaster.

23. SERVICE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST.

(1) If the Minister thinks that it is in the public interest to do so, he may
authorize any part of the Defence Force to perform any public service within or
outside the country that is capable of being performed by the Defence Force, on such
conditions (including conditions as to payment) as he determines.
(2) An authority given under Subsection (1) may authorize any vehicles,
vessels, aircraft or equipment of the Defence Force to be used in connection with the
public service to which it relates.
(3) If any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or equipment referred to in Subsection (2) is
used for payment otherwise than for or on behalf of the service authorities of another
country, all laws of Papua New Guinea relating to the carriage of passengers or
goods apply as if the vehicle, vessel, aircraft or equipment were not in use by the
Defence Force.

24. STATES OF EMERGENCY.

This Division does not derogate the provisions of any law relating to the
powers, functions, duties and responsibilities of the Defence Force and members of
the Defence Force during a period of declared national emergency declared within
the meaning of Section 226 (definitions) of the Constitution.

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s. 25. Defence 9999

PART VI. – CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER FORCES.

25. CO-OPERATING FORCES.

(1) Where he considers it appropriate to do so, the Head of State, acting on
advice, may declare the forces of another country, or any part of any such forces, to
be forces acting in co-operation with the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force.
(2) Where the officer commanding any co-operating force is senior in rank to
all the officers of the part of the Defence Force concerned, the Head of State, acting
on advice, may authorize all or any units of that part of the Defence Force to be
placed under the control of that officer.

26. ATTACHMENT, ETC., TO DEFENCE FORCE.

(1) The forces to which this section applies are the military, naval and air
forces of any country that the Head of State, acting on advice, declares, by notice in
the National Gazette, to be a country to which this section applies.
(2) Where the authorities having apparent control over any force to which this
section applies place any member of the force at the disposal of the Defence Force,
the member may, by order of the Minister, be attached to the Defence Force and,
during the attachment, shall be deemed to be a member of the Defence Force.
(3) The Minister may, by order, declare–
(a) in the case of a member of a force to which this section applies who is
attached to the Defence Force under Subsection (2) and who remains
subject to the service law of the first-mentioned force–that the
provisions of this Act, except with respect to any matter specified in the
order, do not apply to or in relation to him; or
(b) in the case of any member so attached–that the provisions of this Act
apply to and in relation to him with such exceptions and subject to such
modifications as are specified in the order,
but in the absence of any such order he is bound by the Code of Military Discipline as
if he were a member of the Defence Force of equivalent rank.

27. COMMAND OF OFFICERS OF CO-OPERATING AND OTHER

FORCES.
(1) A member of a co-operating force or a person attached to the Defence Force
under Section 26 shall be treated, and has the same power of command over
members of the Defence Force, as if he were a member of the Defence Force of
equivalent rank.
(2) The Minister may, by order, provide that a person attached to the Defence
Force under Section 26 has the same power of discipline over members of the Defence
Force as if he were a member of the Defence Force of equivalent rank.

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 Defence 9999 s. 28.

(3) The Minister may, by order, provide that a member of the military, naval
or air forces of any other country who is acting in association with the Defence Force
shall be accorded courtesy precedence in accordance with his rank.

28. ATTACHMENT TO FORCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

(1) The countries to which this section applies are any countries that the Head
of State, acting on advice, declares, by notice in the National Gazette, to be countries
to which this section applies.
(2) The Minister or, subject to any directions of the Minister, the Commander
of the Defence Force may place a member of the Defence Force at the disposal of the
service authorities of a country to which this section applies, in order that he may be
attached by those authorities to the forces of that country.
(3) A member of the Defence Force to whom Subsection (2) applies does not
cease to be subject to Papua New Guinea service law by reason only of his being
attached to the forces of another country as provided by that subsection.

29. EQUIVALENT RANKS, ETC.

For the purposes of this Act, the equivalence of ranks and the relative
seniority and order of precedence of ranks of the Defence Force and ranks of forces of
other countries are as determined by the Defence Council Orders.

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s. 30. Defence 9999

PART VII. – TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.

30. ENLISTMENT.
(1) Persons may be enlisted in the Defence Force in the prescribed manner.
(2) A person who is under 18 years of age may not be enlisted without the
written consent of his parents or guardians or, where the parents or guardians are
dead or unknown, or where it is unreasonable in all the circumstances that their
consent be obtained, of a Provincial Administrator.
(3) A person who is under 16 years of age may not be enlisted.
(4) On enlistment, a person shall be appointed, as prescribed, to a rank in the
Defence Force.

31. EFFECT OF IRREGULAR ENLISTMENT.

(1) Where, although there has been an error or irregularity in his enlistment, a
person has received pay as a member of the Defence Force, he shall be deemed to be
a member of the Force and, subject to this section and except as otherwise
prescribed, is not entitled to be discharged on the ground of the error or irregularity.
(2) Where a person who, by virtue of Subsection (1) is deemed to be a member
of the Defence Force, claims within three months after his first receipt of pay as a
member to be released from the Force, he shall be discharged, except in time of war
or when he is on operational service.
(3) If the member is under 18 years of age and was enlisted without the
consent required by Section 30(2), he shall be discharged at the request of a parent or
guardian.
(4) If the member is under 16 years of age, he shall be discharged
automatically.

32. PERIOD OF SERVICE.

(1) Subject to this Act, the period of service required of a member of the
Defence Force is as prescribed by the regulations.
(2) The period may be–
(a) a fixed period; or
(b) a period ending when the member attains a prescribed age,
and may be a different one for each different rank or class of members.
(3) A member of the Defence Force may re-engage, in such manner and on
such conditions as are prescribed, for a further period of service, to commence at the
conclusion of his current period of service.
(4) At the end of his period of service, a member of the Defence Force is
entitled to be discharged with all convenient speed from the Force, except in time of

– 16 –
 Defence 9999 s. 33.

war or during a defence stand-by, when the Defence Council may extend the period of
service for a period ending not later than the end of the war or defence stand-by.

33. TERMINATION OF SERVICE.

A member of the Defence Force may be discharged from the Defence Force by
such authority and on such grounds (if any) as are prescribed.

34. SUSPENSION FROM DUTY.

(1) Where a disciplinary or other offence or suspected offence is such, or the
circumstances in which it is committed are such, that the member of the Defence
Force concerned should not continue to perform his duty, the member may be
suspended by his superior officer.
(2) Suspension under Subsection (1) may be effected before, at the time of, or
after the laying of the charge and may be lifted by a superior officer of the member of
the Defence Force concerned.
(3) Where a member of the Defence Force is suspended under Subsection (1),
the suspension–
(a) ceases on the expiration of the period of eight days after the suspension
takes effect, unless before that time a charge is laid against the
member; and
(b) may continue once a charge has been laid.
(4) Where the charge is not sustained the suspension shall be lifted
immediately on a finding to that effect.
(5) Suspension may be imposed and removed by a superior officer of the
member of the Defence Force concerned, by written notice to the member.
(6) Where a member of the Defence Force has been suspended under this
section he is entitled to receive his normal pay and allowances unless–
(a) he absents himself without leave or deserts whilst under suspension; or
(b) suspension of his pay is directed by the Commander of the Defence
Force.

35. RE-ENLISTMENT, ETC., GENERALLY.

(1) A member of the Defence Force who has been discharged from the Defence
Force may be re-enlisted in such manner and on such conditions as are prescribed.
(2) A member of the Reserve Force may, at his request, be transferred to the
Regular Force in such manner and on such conditions as are prescribed.
(3) Subject to Section 36, a person shall be appointed on re-enlistment to such
rank, and with such seniority, as the Commander of the Defence Force determines.

– 17 –
s. 36. Defence 9999

36. RE-ENLISTMENT OF CERTAIN PERSONS.

(1) This section applies to a person who has been discharged from the Defence
Force on the ground of, or on the basis of, conviction of an offence, and subsequently–
(a) the conviction is quashed; or
(b) the convicted person receives a pardon; or
(c) the conviction is otherwise nullified; or
(d) the convicted person is released from custody as a result of an inquiry
into the conviction.
(2) A person to whom this section applies may, with the approval of the
Commander of the Defence Force, be re-enlisted in the Defence Force in the rank
equivalent to the rank that he held immediately before his discharge.
(3) A person re-enlisted under this section shall be deemed to have continued
in the Defence Force as if he had not been discharged but had been on leave of
absence without pay during the period from the day on which his discharge became
effective to the day on which he was re-enlisted.
(4) For all purposes, the period referred to in Subsection (3) shall be deemed to
form part of the member’s service in the Defence Force.

37. PROMOTION, REDUCTION AND REVERSION.

(1) Subject to Section 18, members of the Defence Force may be promoted by
such authority and on such conditions as are prescribed.
(2) A member of the Defence Force may not be reduced in rank except–
(a) at his own request; or
(b) in accordance with the Code of Military Discipline; or
(c) if he is, in the opinion of the prescribed authority, inefficient in or
unsuitable for his rank; or
(d) as otherwise prescribed.

38. OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE.

Pay, allowances, deductions from pay or allowances, leave and other conditions
of service not otherwise provided for in this Part are as determined by the Defence
Council in accordance with Section 8(1)(c).

39. WORKERS’ COMPENSATION.

(1) For the purposes of the Workers’ Compensation Act 1978 a member of the
Defence Force is a worker, as defined in that Act, employed by the State.
(2) In relation to members of the Reserve Force, Subsection (1) applies only in
relation to periods of service under Section 14(3).

– 18 –
 Defence 9999 s. 40.

PART VIII. – SERVICE OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS OF THE DEFENCE

FORCE.

40. THE REGULAR FORCE.

(1) The Regular Force, and all units and members of the Regular Force, are at
all times on continuous full-time service and liable to perform duty inside and
outside the country.
(2) Subsection (1) extends to members of the Reserve Force while ordered to be
on continuous full-time military service.

41. MOBILIZATION OF THE RESERVE FORCE.

(1) If in times of war or defence stand-by the National Executive Council
thinks it necessary, the Head of State, acting on advice, may order the whole or any
part of the Reserve Force to be on continuous full-time military service.
(2) All members of the Reserve Force to whom Subsection (1) applies shall
remain on continuous full-time military service until the Head of State, acting on
advice, orders the termination of such service.

42. DECLARATION OF DEFENCE STAND-BY.

Where in the opinion of the National Executive Council it is necessary in the
interests of national security to do so, the Head of State, acting on advice, may, by
notice in the National Gazette, declare a condition of defence stand-by.

43. DECLARATION OF OPERATIONAL SERVICE.

(1) Where–
(a) in the opinion of the National Executive Council it is necessary in the
national interest to do so–the Head of State, acting on advice; or
(b) during time of war, and with the approval of the Head of State, acting
on advice, and on such conditions as the Head of State, acting on advice,
determines–the Minister,
may declare that some or all of the units of the Defence Force are on operational
service.
(2) The Head of State, acting on advice, or the Minister, as the case may be,
shall immediately send to the Speaker, for presentation to the Parliament, a
statement of the reason for a declaration under Subsection (1).
(3) If the Parliament is not in session at the date of a declaration under
Subsection (1), it shall be summoned to meet within 10 days after that date.

– 19 –
s. 44. Defence 9999

44. COMMITMENT INTO ACTION.

(1) Subject to Subsection (2), before, or in case of emergency as soon as possible
after, the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force–
(a) is ordered or committed into action in any area of, or under the control
of, any other country against–
(i) any armed, guerilla or irregular force; or
(ii) any unit or personnel of such a force; or
(iii) persons co-operating with such a force; or
(b) is ordered or committed into action for the purpose of the preservation of
peace or law and order in a place outside the country; or
(c) is placed in a situation where it is likely that it will be so ordered or
committed into action,
the Minister shall send to the Speaker, for presentation to the Parliament, a
statement as to the situation requiring or likely to require the Defence Force or the
part of the Defence Force to be so ordered or committed into action.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply–
(a) in time of war; or
(b) when Papua New Guinea is under, or is in imminent danger of, attack
from outside and such action is required for the more effective defence of
the country; or
(c) in any particular case, with the prior approval of the Parliament and on
such conditions (if any) as the Parliament determines.
(3) If the Parliament is not in session on the date when the statement is
received by the Speaker, it shall be summoned to meet within 10 days after that
date.
(4) If the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force has not been ordered or
committed into action as referred to in Subsection (1), it shall not be so ordered or
committed into action without the approval of the Parliament.
(5) If the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force has been ordered or
committed into action as referred to in Subsection (1), it shall be withdrawn from
action as quickly as is consistent with its safety (and in the case of a part of the
Defence Force the safety of any other part of the Defence Force in action with it),
unless the Parliament, within 10 days after the statement is received by the Speaker,
approves otherwise.

– 20 –
 Defence 9999 s. 45.

PART IX. – SERVICE LAW AND DISCIPLINE.

45. THE DEFENCE FORCE JUDGE AND DEPUTY JUDGES.

(1) There shall be a Defence Force Judge and such number of Deputy Defence
Force Judges as the Head of State, acting on advice, determines.
(2) The Defence Force Judge and the Deputy Defence Force Judges shall be
appointed by the Head of State, acting on advice given after consultation with the
Chief Justice.
(3) The Defence Force Judge shall be a person who is a Judge of the Supreme
Court or the National Court.
(4) The Deputy Defence Force Judges shall be persons who are qualified to be
the Judges of the Supreme Court or the National Court.
(5) The powers, functions and duties of the Defence Force Judge and the
Deputy Defence Force Judges are as provided in this Act.
(6) The Defence Force Judge may, by instrument under his hand, delegate to
Deputy Defence Force Judge all or any of his powers and functions under this Act.
(7) A delegation under Subsection (6) is revocable, in writing, at will, but this
subsection does not allow the Defence Force Judge to intervene in a proceeding
before a Deputy Defence Force Judge.
(8) The Defence Force Judge has and may exercise and perform, in any part of
the world, the jurisdiction, powers and functions of the National Court or a Judge of
the National Court in relation to persons subject to the Code of Military Discipline,
and the National Court may be constituted in any place by the Defence Force Judge.
(9) The jurisdiction of the Defence Force Judge under Subsection (8) may be
exercised in relation to an offence against the law of Papua New Guinea
notwithstanding that the offence is expressed to be triable summarily or that it is
within the exclusive jurisdiction of a court other than the National Court.

46. DEFENCE FORCE MAGISTRATES.

(1) After consultation with the Defence Force Judge, the Chief Justice may
appoint persons who are Magistrates of District Courts to be Defence Force
Magistrates.
(2) A Defence Force Magistrate has and may exercise and perform, in any part
of the world directed by the Defence Force Judge, the jurisdiction, powers and
functions of Principal Magistrates. in relation to persons subject to the Code of
Military Discipline, and for that purpose a District Court may be constituted by a
Defence Force Magistrate.

47. PROCEDURES.
(1) Notwithstanding any other law the Defence Force Judge may, with the
consent of the Chief Justice, by written order, make such provision as seem to him
– 21 –
s. 48. Defence 9999

necessary to adapt the laws relating to the practice and procedures of the National
Court and District Courts to the requirements of overseas and operational service.
(2) Sections 75 and 76 of the Interpretation Act 1975 apply to and in relation to
orders made under Subsection (1) in the same way that they apply to regulations.
(3) An indictment may be presented in the National Court constituted by the
Defence Force Judge notwithstanding that no person has been committed for trial, or
that committal proceedings have not been taken.

48. PROSECUTORS AND DEFENDERS.

(1) For the purpose of proceedings before the Defence Force Judge or a Defence
Force Magistrate, the Commander of the Defence Force may appoint members of the
Defence Force approved by the Defence Force Judge to be prosecutors or defenders.
(2) A prosecutor is entitled–
(a) to present an indictment or lay an information; and
(b) to withdraw an indictment or information; and
(c) to appear and be heard on an indictment or information,
and for the purpose of, and for purposes connected with, any proceedings before the
Defence Force Judge or a Defence Force Magistrate he shall be deemed to be a person
admitted to practise as a lawyer under the Lawyers Act 1986.
Note The Lawyers Act (Chapter 91) was repealed and replaced by the Lawyers Act 1986.

(3) A defender is entitled to appear and be heard on behalf of a person accused

or charged before the Defence Force Judge or a Defence Force Magistrate, and for the
purposes of, and for purposes connected with, any proceedings before the Defence
Force Judge or a Defence Force Magistrate he shall be deemed to be a person
admitted to practise as a lawyer under the Lawyers Act 1986.

49. REPRESENTATION OF ACCUSED.

(1) At a trial before the Defence Force Judge or a Defence Force Magistrate,
the accused may be represented by–
(a) a member of the Defence Force; or
(b) a lawyer; or
(c) where the trial is held in a country outside Papua New Guinea, a person
qualified to practice before the courts of that country.
(2) An accused awaiting trial before the Defence Force Judge or a Defence
Force Magistrate shall be afforded the opportunity to be represented at the trial and
to be advised before trial by a defender.
(3) A suitable representative shall be assigned to an accused who makes no
choice.

– 22 –
 Defence 9999 s. 50.

(4) An accused person who is advised or represented by a member of the

Defence Force shall be advised or represented without expense to him.

50. REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES.

(1) Except in respect of a matter that would properly be the subject of an
appeal or review under the Code of Military Discipline, a member of the Defence
Force who thinks that–
(a) he has suffered any personal oppression, injustice or ill-treatment; or
(b) he has any other cause for grievance,
may complain as a matter of right to such superior officer, in such manner and on
such conditions as are prescribed.
(2) Where–
(a) the complainant is not satisfied with the decision or action on the
complaint by the superior officer to whom the complaint was made; and
(b) the superior officer fails, when requested to do so, to forward the
complaint to the prescribed next superior officer,
the complainant is entitled to make a complaint of the original grievance or against
the failure (or both), and this subsection applies to any such further complaint.
(3) It is the duty of an officer receiving a complaint under this section–
(a) to investigate it or have it investigated as soon as practicable; and
(b) to take such steps within his authority for redressing the grievance as
appear to him to be necessary,
whether or not the act or omission that gave rise to the complaint was procedurally
correct.

51. BOARDS OF INQUIRY.

(1) Where the Minister or a prescribed authority thinks it expedient that he or
it should be informed on any matter–
(a) connected with the government, discipline, administration or functions
of the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force; or
(b) affecting any member of the Defence Force,
he or it may convene a Board of Inquiry to investigate and report to him on the
matter.
(2) A Board of Inquiry shall be constituted as prescribed, and its powers and
procedures are as prescribed by the regulations.
(3) The regulations may provide for the application, with the necessary
modifications, of all or any of the provisions of the Commissions of Inquiry Act 1951
to a Board of Inquiry as if it were a commission under that Act.

– 23 –
s. 52. Defence 9999

52. WITNESSES.
(1) A Board of Inquiry investigating a matter under Section 51, or the
Commander of the Defence Force or his delegate dealing with a charge of a breach of
service discipline, may–
(a) summon any person whose evidence is likely to be material to the
consideration of the matter before the authority or disciplinary officer;
and
(b) administer an oath or affirmation to any person appearing to give
evidence; and
(c) require any person to produce documents within his possession or
subject to his control.
(2) A person who knowingly makes any false or misleading statement in
evidence before a Board of Inquiry or disciplinary officer under Subsection (1) is
guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K40.00.
(3) A member of the Defence Force, the Public Service or a disciplined force
who fails, without reasonable excuse (proof of which is on him), to attend in
obedience to a summons under Subsection (1), or to be sworn or make an affirmation
or answer questions or to produce documents, when required to do so under that
subsection, is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K40.00.
(4) A person other than a person referred to in Subsection (1) who fails,
without reasonable excuse (proof of which is on him), to attend in obedience to a
summons under Subsection (1), or to be sworn or make an affirmation, or to produce
documents, when required to do so under that subsection, is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K40.00.
(5) A person shall not fail to answer a question or produce a document on the
ground that it might incriminate him, but any statement or disclosure is admissible
in evidence against him only in proceedings for an offence against this section or for
making a false statement.

– 24 –
 Defence 9999 s. 53.

PART X.3 – OFFENCES.

Division 1.
Division 1.-Serious Offences.

53. INTERPRETATION OF DIVISION 1.

In this Division–
“enemy” includes–
(a) any country or armed forces, or an authority or de jure or de facto
government controlling any armed forces or a guerilla or irregular
force, with which Papua New Guinea or any force acting in co-
operation with the Defence Force, is at war or against which it is
engaged in armed combat operations; and
(b) any persons or group declared by the Head of State, acting on
advice, by notice in the National Gazette, to be enemies or an
enemy; and
(c) any member of any such armed forces, or such a guerilla or
irregular force; and
(d) any member of such an authority or government; and
(e) any person materially assisting the country, force, authority or
government in its war effort or in armed combat operations; and
(f) a pirate; and
(g) an armed person who is engaged in a mutiny, rebellion or riot
against Papua New Guinea or against any service authority of
the Defence Force or an ally of Papua New Guinea;
“mutiny” means a combination of two or more persons subject to the Code of
Military Discipline or the service law of an ally of Papua New Guinea, or
between persons of whom at least two are such persons–
(a) to overthrow or resist lawful authority in the Defence Force or
any force co-operating with the Defence Force, or in any part of
the Defence Force or any such force; or
(b) to disobey any such authority in such circumstances as to make
the disobedience subversive to discipline, or with the object of
avoiding any service or duty against, or in connection with
operations against, an enemy; or
(c) to impede the performance of any duty or service in the Defence
Force or any force co-operating with the Defence Force, or in any
part of the Defence Force or any such force.

3
Part X heading amended by No. 11 of 1976, s3.
– 25 –
s. 54. Defence 9999

54. AIDING THE ENEMY.

(1) For the purposes of this section and without limiting its generality,
assistance to the enemy includes–
(a) concealing, sheltering or assisting a member of the enemy; and
(b) concealing or taking care of any munitions or goods of or intended for
the use of the enemy; and
(c) failing to report to a member of the Police Force or other appropriate
authority the presence or suspected presence in any place or in any
locality of a member of the enemy, or of munitions or goods of or
intended for the use of the enemy.
(2) A person subject to the Code of Military Discipline who, with intent to
assist the enemy–
(a) assists an enemy in any way, or does any act or makes any omission to
act that is calculated, or is likely, to assist an enemy in any way; or
(b) except as authorized by law, communicates to any person any
information that–
(i) it is his duty to keep secret; and
(ii) is likely to assist the enemy,
is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for life or for a lesser term.
(3) Subsection (2)(a) does not apply in relation to an act or omission that is
otherwise lawful and that–
(a) is directed to the relief of the distress of a sick, injured or otherwise
distressed individual in his private and personal capacity; and
(b) is not calculated, and is not likely, to assist the enemy in any material
military or political sense,
but the burden of proof of any such matter is on the accused person.
(4) A person who, knowing or having reasonable grounds for suspecting that
an offence against Subsection (2) has been or is likely to be committed, does not
immediately report the fact, together with the grounds of his belief or suspicion, to a
member of the Police Force or other appropriate authority is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.

55. MUTINY.
(1) A person subject to the Code of Military Discipline who takes part in a
mutiny is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for life or for a lesser term.

– 26 –
 Defence 9999 s. 56.

(2) A person subject to the Code of Military Discipline who, knowing that a
mutiny is taking place or is intended–
(a) fails to use his utmost endeavours to suppress or prevent it; or
(b) fails to report to an appropriate authority that the meeting is taking
place or is intended,
is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.

56. DESERTION.
A member of the Defence Force who deserts while on operational service, or
after having been warned for operational service, is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for life or for a lesser term.

57. LOOTING.
A person subject to the Code of Military Discipline who–
(a) steals from, or with intent to steal searches, the person of anyone killed,
wounded or captured in the course of any war or warlike operations, or
any operations of the Defence Force or any force co-operating with the
Defence Force, or of any part of the Defence Force or any such force; or
(b) steals any property that has been left exposed or unprotected in
consequence of–
(i) any act of war or warlike operation; or
(ii) a riot or civil commotion or disorder; or
(iii) an accident; or
(iv) a natural disaster, whether actual or apprehended; or
(c) takes otherwise than in execution of his duty or for the public service
any vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment or stores abandoned by an
enemy,
is guilty of the offence of looting.
Penalty: Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.

58. MISCONDUCT ON OPERATIONAL SERVICE.

(1) In this section, “misconduct” includes–
(a) a breach of service discipline; and
(b) negligence in the performance of duty; and
(c) failure to use the utmost exertions in the performance of duty; and

– 27 –
s. 59. Defence 9999

(d) failure to use all lawful means to prevent or suppress misconduct by any
other person.
(2) A person subject to the Code of Military Discipline who, while on
operational service, is guilty of misconduct is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.

Division 2.
Other Offences.

59. INFORMATION RELATING TO ENLISTMENT.

A person who, when required to give any information needed to comply with
the provisions of this Act relating to enlistment, fails, without reasonable excuse
(proof of which is on him), to give the information, or gives false information, is guilty
of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K40.00 for each item of information in respect of
which the offence is committed, or imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 12 months.

60. UNLAWFULLY DISPOSING OF ARMS, ETC.

(1) In this section, “Defence Force property” means any property of or in
the possession or under the control of the Defence Force or any part or unit of it.
(2) A person who–
(a) unlawfully disposes of or removes; or
(b) fails to deliver up when lawfully required to do so; or
(c) has in his possession without reasonable excuse (proof of which is on
him),
any arms, accoutrements or other Defence Force property, is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K40.00.
(3) In addition to any penalty that may be imposed under Subsection (2), the
court that convicts the offender may order him to be imprisoned for a term not
exceeding three months unless in the meantime he delivers up the thing concerned or
pays its value.
(4) In a prosecution for an offence against Subsection (2)(b)–
(a) if it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that any thing the subject
of the charge was in the possession of the defendant at any time before
the time at which he was required to deliver it up, he shall be deemed,
in the absence of proof of the lawful disposal of the thing, to have
continued in possession of it until the time when he was required to
deliver it up; and

– 28 –
 Defence 9999 s. 61.

(b) inability to deliver up the thing is not a defence unless the defendant
proves to the satisfaction of the court that the inability did not arise
from any negligence or wrongful act or omission on his part.
(5) Where an order is made under Subsection (3), the court may by warrant
authorize all or any members of the Police Force to take possession of any thing the
subject of the order and to deliver it to an officer of the Defence Force or otherwise as
the court thinks proper.
(6) A member of the Police Force having a warrant under Subsection (5) may,
during the daytime–
(a) enter any building, premises or place where any thing the subject of the
warrant is or is supposed to be; and
(b) break open any part of the building, premises or place, or any chest,
receptacle or thing in or on it; and
(c) seize and take possession of the thing and deliver it in accordance with
the warrant.
(7) In a charge of an offence against Subsection (2), the article concerned may
be alleged to be Defence Force property.

61. OBSTRUCTION OF MEMBERS OF DEFENCE FORCE, ETC.

A person who, without reasonable excuse (proof of which is on him), obstructs
or interferes with any part of the Defence Force or any member of the Defence Force
in the execution of its or his duty, or causes a member to render himself unfit or
unavailable for duty, is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K400.00 or imprisonment for a term not
exceeding six months, or both.

– 29 –
s. 62. Defence 9999

PART XI. – MISCELLANEOUS.

62. DEFENCE FORCE MANOEUVRES.

(1) For the purposes of training the Defence Force or any part of it, the
Minister may, by order, authorize the carrying out of military exercise or movements
(in this section called “manoeuvres”) in such parts of the country and during such
period as are specified in the order.
(2) Notice of any manoeuvres shall be given in such manner as seems to the
Minister to be sufficient to give adequate warning to persons affected or likely to be
affected.
(3) The Defence Force or any part of the Defence Force may–
(a) carry out manoeuvres in a part of the country specified in an order
under Subsection (1); and
(b) stop or control traffic of any kind; and
(c) do any other thing necessary in the interests of public safety.
(4) Where any person suffers loss by reason of any manoeuvres, he is entitled
to such compensation as is agreed on between him and the Minister, or in default of
agreement as is settled by arbitration under the Arbitration Act 1951.

63. ANNUAL REPORTS.

At least once in each period of 12 months, the Minister shall give to the
Speaker, for presentation to the Parliament, a report on national defence and related
matters, and on the control, maintenance and discipline of the Defence Force.

64. ATTACHMENT OF MEMBERS TO CIVILIAN AUTHORITIES.

A member of the Defence Force may be attached to any Department or
instrumentality of the Government, or to any other body, organization or person, in
such manner and on such conditions as are prescribed.

65. PERSONAL EFFECTS.

Where a member of the Defence Force or another person subject to the Code of
Military Discipline–
(a) dies or is missing; or
(b) in the case of a member of the Defence Force, deserts,
his personal and household effects may be taken and dealt with as prescribed with a
view to its being disposed of, in accordance with law, to or for the benefit of the
persons entitled to it by law.

– 30 –
 Defence 9999 s. 66.

66. APPRENTICESHIPS, COURSES OF TRAINING, ETC.

The Minister may–
(a) provide or arrange for–
(i) apprenticeships; and
(ii) other courses of training and education, for members of the
Defence Force; and
(b) with the agreement of the Minister or other authority responsible for
providing similar courses for other persons, declare, by notice in the
National Gazette, the equivalence of those apprenticeships or courses.

67. POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, ETC.

(1) A member of the Defence Force serving in the Regular Force–
(a) is not eligible to be a member of, or subject to Section 68 to be a
candidate for election to, the Parliament, a Provincial Government or a
Local-level Government Council or Authority; and
(b) is not eligible to hold any office prescribed by the regulations for the
purposes of this paragraph; and
(c) shall not take an active part in the affairs of a political organization,
whether by speaking in public or distributing literature in furtherance
of the purposes of the organization or otherwise.
(2) A member of the Defence Force serving in the Reserve Force who uses his
military rank or wears uniform–
(a) when taking part in any activity of a political nature; or
(b) as a member of, or a candidate for election to, the Parliament, a
Provincial Government or a Local-level Government Council or
Authority; or
(c) as the holder of an office prescribed by the regulations for the purposes
of Subsection (1)(b),
is guilty of an offence.
Penalty: A fine not exceeding K100.00.
(3) No member of the Parliament, and no holder of an office prescribed by the
regulations for the purposes of this subsection, who is a member in the Reserve Force
is liable to perform, or may perform, any duty as a member of that Force.

68. ELECTION TO THE PARLIAMENT.

(1) Where a member of the Defence Force serving in the Regular Force–
(a) applies to the Defence Council to be transferred to the Reserve Force;
and

– 31 –
s. 69. Defence 9999

(b) satisfies the Council that he intends, if he is transferred, to become a

candidate for election to the Parliament at an election specified by him
in the application,
the Defence Council may transfer him to the Reserve Force.
(2) If the member–
(a) fails to nominate; or
(b) withdraws his nomination; or
(c) fails to be elected,
the Defence Council may transfer him back to the Regular Force in the rank
equivalent to the rank that he held immediately before his transfer to the Reserve
Force.
(3) Where a member of the Defence Force is transferred back to the Regular
Force under Subsection (2), the period of his transfer to the Reserve Force shall be
deemed to be a period of leave without pay from the Regular Force.

69. LIABILITY FOR TOLLS, ETC.

(1) Subject to Subsection (2), no toll or due, whether under a law or otherwise,
in respect of the use of any wharf, landing place, aerodrome, bridge, road, right of
way, natural or artificial waterway or other means of passage is payable, and such a
toll or due shall not be demanded or taken, in respect of–
(a) any member of the Defence Force on duty, or any person in the custody
of a member; or
(b) a vehicle, vessel, aircraft or animal conveying or used by a member of
the Defence Force only, for conveying a person in the custody of a
member; or
(c) the movement of any property of, or in the possession or under the
control of, the Defence Force.
(2) Subsection (1) does not prevent the payment of such tolls and dues, in such
circumstances and on such conditions as are approved by the Minister.

70. REQUISITIONING.
(1) The owner or person in possession or control of any vehicle, vessel, aircraft,
aircraft material, animal or goods required for military purposes shall, when
required by a prescribed member of the Defence Force, make it available for such
purposes.
(2) Compensation is payable in the prescribed manner by the State for any loss
sustained by a person by reason of the exercise of the powers conferred by Subsection
(1).
(3) For the purposes of the effective exercise of the powers conferred by
Subsection (1), the regulations may make provision in respect of the registration of
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 Defence 9999 s. 71.

the nature, description and situation of all or any vehicles, vessels, aircraft, aircraft
material, animals or goods.

71. PROTECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE DEFENCE FORCE, ETC.

(1) A member of the Defence Force or other person is not liable for any thing
done or omitted to be done, or purporting to be done or omitted to be done, under or
for the purposes of this Act unless he acted or omitted to act maliciously or without
reasonable and probable cause.
(2) Subsection (1) does not derogate any protection under any other provision
of this Act or any other law.

72. REGULATIONS.
(1) The Head of State, acting on advice, may make regulations, not
inconsistent with this Act, prescribing all matters that by this Act are required or
permitted to be prescribed, or that are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for
carrying out or giving effect to this Act, and in respect of–
(a) the operations, organization, training, discipline, efficiency and good
management of the Defence Force; and
(b) the welfare of members of the Defence Force and other persons subject
to the Code of Military Discipline, and of their dependants.
(2) The regulations may make provision in respect of persons (other than
persons referred to in Subsection (1)) employed in connection with the Defence Force
or national defence.
(3) In particular, the regulations may prescribe matters providing for and in
respect of–
(a) the enlistment, appointment, promotion and discharge of members of
the Defence Force; and
(b) the fixing of the rates of pay of members of the Defence Force who are
paid for their services; and
(c) the deduction from the pay of any member of the Defence Force of such
reasonable sums as the Minister thinks proper for the support of any
person who in the opinion of the Minister is wholly or partly dependent
on, or has a claim for maintenance against, the member, and the
payment of such sums to or for the benefit of any such person; and
(d) the suspension, variation or cancellation by the prescribed authority of
any allotment of pay made by a member of the Defence Force; and
(e) the leave of absence and furlough of members of the Defence Force; and
(f) the insurance of their lives by married members of the Regular Force for
the benefit of their wives and families; and

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s. 72. Defence 9999

(g) the furnishing of means of conveyance and transport in time of war or of

a state of emergency declared under any law; and
(h) the regulation of the quartering or billeting of members of the Defence
Force in time of war or of a state of emergency declared under any law;
and
(i) the regulation, control or prohibition of the construction or use of
buildings, erections or installations, the use of apparatus, machines,
vehicles, vessels and aircraft, and the removal in whole or in part of
buildings, erections, installations, apparatus, trees or other natural
obstacles, within prescribed areas, being areas in which such regulation,
control, prohibition or removal is necessary for the defence of Papua
New Guinea; and
(j) the establishment and conduct of canteens; and
(k) the management and disposal of the funds and property of units of the
Defence Force, including the funds and property of messes; and
(l) the regulation of arms practices; and
(m) the preservation of public safety in or at any military operation or
practice; and
(n) the post mortem examination and disposal of the bodies of members of
the Defence Force who die while on service; and
(o) prisoners of war; and
(p) the administration of oaths and affirmations to, the taking of affidavits
and statutory declarations of, and the attestation of the execution of
documents by, members of the Defence Force, and persons
accompanying any part of the Defence Force, when serving outside the
country, including any such members or persons who are prisoners of
war or interned in a place outside the country; and
(q) the execution and revocation of powers of attorney by persons under 21
years of age who are members of the Defence Force, and the validity and
effect of powers of attorney executed by such persons; and
(r) penalties of fines not exceeding K400.00 or imprisonment for terms not
exceeding six months, or both, and default penalties of fines not
exceeding K40.00.
(4) In addition, and without limiting the generality of the preceding provisions
of this section, the regulations may prohibit or restrict access by any person to any
defence area, and may make provision for the control and security of any defence
area, including provisions–
(a) authorizing the member of the Defence Force or other person in charge
of a defence area, or a member of the Defence Force or other person
authorized by him, to search, and to detain for the purposes of search,
any person in, entering or leaving, or apparently about to enter or leave,
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 Defence 9999 s. 72.

a defence area, both as to his person and as to any vehicle, vessel,

aircraft, receptacle, package or goods in his possession or under his
control; and
(b) authorizing any such member or person in charge to seize from a person
so searched any thing that he has reasonable grounds for believing has
been used, or is being used, in the commission of an offence (whether
against a law of Papua New Guinea or, if the defence area is situated
outside the country, against a law of the place where it is situated), and
providing for–
(i) the sale or disposal of the thing on the conviction of any such
offence of the person from whom the thing was seized; or
(ii) if the person is not proceeded against or is not convicted of such
an offence, its return to him; and
(c) authorizing any such member or person in charge to arrest and detain
any person in, entering or leaving, or apparently about to enter or leave,
a defence area, where the person is found committing, or is suspected on
reasonable grounds of having committed, an offence (whether against a
law of Papua New Guinea or, if the defence area is situated outside the
country, against a law of the place where it is situated), for the purposes
of–
(i) delivering him to a member of the Police Force for the purpose of
arrest by him; or
(ii) if the area is situated outside the country, delivering him to a
member of the police of the civil power of the place where the area
is situated, so that, where appropriate, he may be arrested under
the law of that place; or
(iii) if the person apprehended or detained is a member of a force of
another country that is co-operating with the Defence Force or a
part of the Defence Force (whether that first-mentioned force is in
Papua New Guinea or elsewhere), delivering him to the service
authorities of that force; and
(d) authorizing any such member or person in charge to require any person
in, entering or leaving, or apparently about to enter or leave, a defence
area to identify himself and give an explanation of his presence; and
(e) providing for members of the Police Force to exercise all or any of the
powers referred to in Paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d); and
(f) requiring any member of the Defence Force or other person authorized,
in accordance with Paragraph (a), by or under the regulations made for
the purposes of that paragraph to produce the prescribed form of
authority when exercising, under the regulations made for the purposes
of this subsection, any power referred to in Paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d).

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s. 72. Defence 9999

(5) The regulations may make provision for or in respect of the certification or
proof of the death–
(a) of a member of the Defence Force who died, or is presumed to have died,
while on service; and
(b) of a person, not being a member of the Defence Force, who died, or is
presumed to have died, while in the hands of an enemy or in other
circumstances that make proof of death difficult, being circumstances
arising out of any war or warlike operation.
(6) For the purposes of Subsection (3)(o), (p) and (q) and Subsection (5)–
(a) a member of the Defence Force shall be deemed to be on service while he
is a prisoner of war or interned in a place outside the country; and
(b) a person, not being a member of the Defence Force, who accompanies a
part of the Defence Force shall be deemed to be a member of, and on
service with, part of the Defence Force.
(7) The regulations take effect notwithstanding anything in any provision not
applying specifically to the Defence Force of any other law, not being a Constitutional
Law.

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 Defence 9999 Sch. 1

SCHEDULE 1 – CODE OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE.

Sec. 1.

Sch. 1.C1. Interpretation.

In this Code, unless the contrary intention appears–
“breach of service discipline” means an act or omission that is declared by
Section C4 to be a breach of service discipline;
“charge” means a formal accusation in writing in the prescribed form that a
person has committed a breach of service discipline;
“criminal offence” means an offence against the law of Papua New Guinea
other than an act or omission that is merely a breach of service
discipline;
“the Defence Act” means the Act to which this Code is a Schedule;
“disciplinary officer” means, in descending order of seniority–
(a) the Commander of the Defence Force; or
(b) a senior disciplinary officer; or
(c) a junior disciplinary officer;
“disciplinary proceedings” means the hearing and decision, under this
Code, of a charge of a breach of service discipline, and includes an
appeal against any such decision;
“junior disciplinary officer” means an officer–
(a) declared by the regulations or the Defence Council Orders; or
(b) appointed by the Commander of the Defence Force or a senior
disciplinary officer,
to be a junior disciplinary officer in relation to a part of the Defence
Force;
“senior disciplinary officer” means an officer–
(a) declared by the regulations or the Defence Council Orders; or
(b) appointed by the Commander of the Defence Force,
to be a senior disciplinary officer in relation to a part of the Defence
Force.

Sch. 1.C2.Application of Code to the Commander of the Defence Force.

This Code does not apply to the Commander of the Defence Force.

Sch. 1.C3.Persons subject to the Code of Military Discipline.

(1) Subject to Subsection (3), the following persons are subject to this Code:–
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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(a) all members of the Defence Force serving in the Regular Force–at all
times;
(b) all members of the Defence Force serving in the Reserve Force who are–
(i) on duty; or
(ii) in uniform; or
(iii) in custody; or
(iv) undergoing a sentence of imprisonment or detention under the
Defence Act;
(c) all members in units or elements of a force attached to units of the
Defence Force under Section 16 of the Defence Act;
(d) subject to Section 26(3) of the Defence Act, all members of a force to
which Section 26 of that Act applies while they are attached to the
Defence Force;
(e) all other persons who are attached to or serving with the Defence Force
or a part of the Defence Force on the condition that they are subject to
this Code;
(f) all other prescribed persons who accompany the Defence Force or a part
of the Defence Force overseas or on operational service.
(2) For the purposes of Subsection (1), a member of the Defence Force serving
in the Reserve Force shall be deemed to be on duty–
(a) from the time appointed for him to attend at a place for any military
service that he is required to render under the Defence Act until he is
duly released from that service; and
(b) while acting or purporting to act in or with intended reference to his
capacity as a member of the Defence Force serving in the Reserve Force.
(3) Subject to Subsection (4), a person who has ceased to be a person to whom
Subsection (1) applies may be treated, in relation to any offence against the Defence
Act committed before he ceased to be such a person, as if he had not ceased to be such
a person.
(4) Notwithstanding the Defence Act or this Code, the regulations or the
Defence Council Orders may–
(a) exempt from all or any provisions of this Code all or any persons
specified in Subsection (5); or
(b) modify any such provision in relation to any such person; or
(c) make special provision in relation to any such person.
(5) The persons to whom Subsection (4) applies are–
(a) chaplains; and
(b) recruits; and
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 Defence 9999 Sch. 1

(c) officer cadets; and

(d) apprentices; and
(e) members of the Defence Force under 18 years of age; and
(f) persons referred to in Subsection (1)(d), (e) or (f).

Sch. 1.C4.Definition of breaches of service discipline.

(1) A person subject to this Code who commits an act or omission that is–
(a) prejudicial to good order and military discipline; or
(b) unbecoming a member of the Defence Force,
is guilty of a breach of service discipline within the meaning of this Code.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of Subsection (1), the following are
breaches of service discipline:–
(a) to strike another member of the Defence Force, or to use, or threaten by
words, actions or otherwise to use, violence to another member of the
Defence Force;
(b) to illtreat in any way a member of the Defence Force of inferior rank, or
a subordinate;
(c) to offer, in the course of duty, inhumane or degrading treatment to
another person;
(d) to cause or engage in a disturbance, or to behave in a disorderly
manner;
(e) to behave in an insubordinate manner;
(f) to misconduct oneself or fail to do one’s duty while on sentry duty or on
watch;
(g) to disobey a lawful order;
(h) subject to Section C5 to be drunk or under the influence of drugs;
(i) to be inefficient due to causes within one’s own control;
(j) to be absent without leave;
(k) to avoid duty;
(l) to make a false statement concerning any service matter;
(m) without authority to take or damage property belonging to another
member of the Defence Force or another person subject to this Code;
(n) to resist service arrest;
(o) to escape from service custody;
(p) to fail to comply with the Defence Council Orders;

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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(q) to hinder or obstruct any person in the exercise of his powers or the
performance of his functions or duties under the Defence Act or this
Code, or any civilian authority in the exercise of his powers or the
performance of his functions or duties.
(3) A person subject to this Code who–
(a) has encouraged or helped another person to commit a breach of service
discipline; or
(b) tries to conceal a breach of service discipline; or
(c) is otherwise an accessory to the commission of a breach of service
discipline; or
(d) attempts to commit a breach of service discipline,
is liable to be treated as if he had committed the breach.

Sch. 1.C5.Drunkenness.
(1) Section C4(2)(h) applies only where the person concerned–
(a) is on duty; or
(b) having been warned for duty, becomes drunk or under the influence of
drugs and is drunk or under the influence of drugs when he reports, or
should have reported, for duty in accordance with the warning; or
(c) is drunk on board a Defence Force vessel or aircraft.
(2) For the purposes of Section C4(2)(h), a person shall be taken to be drunk or
under the influence of drugs if, and only if, by reason of being under the influence of
intoxicating liquor or a drug (whether alone or in combination with other
circumstances), his faculties are so impaired that–
(a) it would be imprudent to entrust him, or to allow him to continue, with
the discharge of his duties; or
(b) he is unfit for the discharge of his duties; or
(c) he behaves in a disorderly manner or in any manner likely to bring
discredit on the Defence Force.

Sch. 1.C6.Offences connected with requisitioning.

A person subject to this Code who–
(a) makes a requirement purportedly under Section 70 of the Defence Act,
knowing that the thing concerned is not required for military purposes;
or
(b) does not release as speedily as practicable any thing that has been made
available in compliance with a requirement under that section,
is guilty of a breach of service discipline.

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 Defence 9999 Sch. 1

Sch. 1.C7.Punishments for breaches of service discipline.

(1) Subject to this section and to Section C8, all or any of the following
punishments, which are listed in descending order of severity, may be imposed by a
disciplinary officer on a person subject to this Code, being a member of the Defence
Force or a person specified in Section C3(1)(c) or (d) who the disciplinary officer is
satisfied has committed a breach of service discipline:–
(a) subject to Subsection (3), dismissal with previous detention in
accordance with Paragraph (d);
(b) subject to Subsection (3), dismissal without detention;
(c) subject to Subsections (3) and (4), reduction in rank, with or without
detention;
(d) subject to Subsection (5), detention for a period not exceeding 84 days;
(e) forfeiture of service for the purposes of promotion;
(f) confinement to barracks for a period not exceeding 21 days;
(g) a fine not exceeding 14 days’ pay;
(h) stoppage of not more than 21 days’ local leave;
(i) extra duties as prescribed;
(j) reprimand.
(2) The Commander of the Defence Force may impose on a person subject to
this Code, not being a person to whom Subsection (1) applies, who he is satisfied has
committed a breach of service discipline–
(a) detention for a period not exceeding 84 days; or
(b) a fine not exceeding K100.00.
(3) The punishment of–
(a) dismissal under Subsection (1)(a) or (b); or
(b) reduction in rank under Subsection (1)(c) within prescribed limits; or
(c) forfeiture of service under Subsection (1)(e); or
(d) detention for a period exceeding 14 days,
shall not take effect until it is confirmed by the Commander of the Defence Force.
(4) An officer shall not be reduced to a rank below commissioned rank.
(5) An officer, a Chief Warrant Officer or a Warrant Officer shall not be
sentenced to detention except in conjunction with a sentence of dismissal.
(6) A non-commissioned officer (other than a Chief Warrant Officer or Warrant
Officer) shall not be sentenced to detention except in conjunction with a sentence of
dismissal or reduction in rank.

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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(7) A sentence of detention shall be served in such place and under such
conditions as are prescribed.
(8) Where the breach involves damage to property, the disciplinary officer may
order that part or all of any fine imposed be paid to the owner of the property by way
of compensation.

Sch. 1.C8.Jurisdiction of disciplinary officers.

(1) The Commander of the Defence Force–
(a) has jurisdiction over all breaches of service discipline; and
(b) may impose any punishment provided for by Section C7 for such a
breach.
(2) A senior disciplinary officer–
(a) has jurisdiction over all breaches of service discipline by members of the
Defence Force who are junior in rank; and
(b) subject to Section C7, may impose any punishment provided for by
Section C7(1) for such a breach, except that–
(i) he may not impose on an officer a punishment of–
(A) dismissal under Section C7(1)(a) or (b); or
(B) reduction in rank under Section C7(1)(c); or
(C) forfeiture of service under Section C7(1)(e); and
(ii) he may not impose a sentence of detention under Section C7(1)(d)
exceeding 42 days.
(3) A junior disciplinary officer–
(a) has jurisdiction over breaches of service discipline by any member of the
Defence Force who is junior in rank, except in cases referred to in–
(i) Section C4(2)(a) (striking, etc., member); or
(ii) Section C4(2)(b) (illtreatment); or
(iii) Section C4(2)(f) (misconduct, etc., on sentry duty or on watch); or
(iv) Section C4(2)(l) (false statements, etc.); or
(v) Section C4(2)(m) (unauthorized taking or damaging of property);
or
(vi) Section C4(2)(n) (resisting service arrest); or
(vii) Section C4(2)(o) (escaping from service custody); or
(viii) Section C4(2)(q) (obstruction, etc.),
or in the case of any breach of a kind that is prescribed for
the purpose of this paragraph; and

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 Defence 9999 Sch. 1

(b) may impose only the following punishments provided for by Section C7
for such a breach:–
(i) detention under Section C7(1)(d), for a period not exceeding 14
days;
(ii) confinement to barracks under Section C7(1)(f), for a period not
exceeding seven days;
(iii) a fine under Section C7(1)(g), not exceeding four days’ pay;
(iv) stoppage of not more than seven days’ local leave under Section
C7(1)(h);
(v) extra duties under Section C7(1)(i), for a period not exceeding 14
days;
(vi) reprimand under Section C7(1)(j).
(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this section, a disciplinary
officer who investigates a charge of a breach of service discipline over which he has
no jurisdiction may recommend to a disciplinary officer who has jurisdiction that the
charge be not proceeded with, and the last-mentioned disciplinary officer may
dismiss the charge.

Sch. 1.C9.Procedures, etc., of disciplinary officers.

(1) Subject to this section, the procedures to be followed by disciplinary officers
in disciplinary proceedings are as prescribed.
(2) Disciplinary proceedings are not judicial proceedings.
(3) Subject to the Defence Act and to this Code, a disciplinary officer is not
bound by any technical rules of law or evidence, but may inform himself on any
matter in such manner as he thinks proper.
(4) As far as operational requirements allow disciplinary proceedings must be
conducted in such a manner as to give the person charged a full and fair opportunity
of presenting his defence or explanation (if any), and for that purpose and to that
extent–
(a) the disciplinary officer dealing with a charge should not proceed with
that charge where in his opinion it is in the interests of justice that the
charge should be dealt with by another disciplinary officer; and
(b) a person charged is entitled–
(i) to have the charge reduced into writing; and
(ii) to have a copy of the charge before the proceedings commence;
and
(iii) to have the charge explained to him by the disciplinary officer at
or before the commencement of the proceedings; and

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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(iv) to examine and cross-examine witnesses called against him and

persons whose statements are used against him; and
(v) to call and examine witnesses on his behalf; and
(vi) to be represented by a person subject to this Code (not being a
member of the Defence Force who is the superior officer of the
disciplinary officer conducting the proceedings) of his own choice.
(5) A disciplinary officer conducting any disciplinary proceedings may examine
persons on oath or affirmation.
(6) A disciplinary officer conducting any disciplinary proceedings shall keep in
the prescribed manner a record of–
(a) the charge; and
(b) the defence or explanation (if any) of the person charged; and
(c) the decision; and
(d) the reasons for the decision,
and a note of the evidence given, and such other records as are prescribed.
(7) If at any stage of any disciplinary proceedings before he has imposed a
punishment the disciplinary officer thinks that–
(a) the breach of service discipline warrants or may warrant a punishment
more severe than he has power to impose; or
(b) he should disqualify himself in accordance with Subsection (4)(a); or
(c) it is for any other reason–
(i) inappropriate that he should deal with the charge; or
(ii) appropriate that another disciplinary officer should deal with the
charge,
he may–
(d) if he is the Commander of the Defence Force–transfer the matter as
prescribed to a delegate of the Commander under Section 11 of the
Defence Act; or
(e) in any other case–refer the matter, as prescribed, for hearing to another
disciplinary officer having jurisdiction.

Sch. 1.C10.Review and appeal.

(1) Except as provided in this section, no appeal lies to a court against a
decision in any disciplinary proceedings.
(2) In disciplinary proceedings against a member of the Defence Force who is
on operational service, no writ or order of, or of the nature of, a prerogative writ shall
be made in respect of the proceedings, but if any such proceedings are improperly or
wrongly conducted or decided the National Court, in accordance with the Rules of
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 Defence 9999 Sch. 1

Court of the Supreme Court, may order the State to pay such amount as the Court
thinks proper to any aggrieved person by way of compensation.
(3) Where a fine exceeding two days’ pay or a punishment that is more severe
than confinement to barracks is imposed, otherwise than by the Commander of the
Defence Force, on a member of the Defence Force in any disciplinary proceedings
(other than proceedings under this section), the member may appeal, as prescribed,
to a disciplinary officer next senior to the disciplinary officer who made the decision.
(4) An appeal lies, as prescribed, to the National Court constituted by the
Defence Force Judge–
(a) in any case where the Commander of the Defence Force imposes or
confirms a penalty of dismissal or reduction in rank; and
(b) in any case where a punishment of detention in excess of 42 days is
imposed.
(5) Section C9 applies to and in relation to an appeal under Subsection (3) or
(4).
(6) On an appeal under Subsection (3) or (4), the appellate authority may–
(a) dismiss the appeal in whole or in part; or
(b) allow the appeal in whole or in part; or
(c) substitute for the decision any decision (including a decision as to
punishment) that it could have given had the proceedings been taken
before it in the first instance.
(7) For the purposes of Subsection (6)(c), the National Court has the same
jurisdiction as the Commander of the Defence Force under Section C8.
(8) The Commander of the Defence Force may, of his own motion or at the
request of any person affected by the decision, review a decision in any disciplinary
proceedings (other than proceedings under Subsection (4)), and if he thinks it proper
to do so may–
(a) disallow any finding of guilt; or
(b) impose any punishment less than that imposed by the decision; or
(c) order a further investigation into the matter of the decision,
and may make any other order that he thinks necessary to do justice in the matter,
and for the purposes of a review or a further investigation may suspend the carrying
out, or the continuance, of any punishment imposed.

Sch. 1.C11.Stay of proceedings.

Where an appeal lies under Section C10(3) or (4), or where a person affected by a
decision in any disciplinary proceedings requests a review under Section C10(8) of
the decision, further proceedings are stayed until–
(a) the appeal or review has been completed; or
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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(b) where an appeal lies under Section C10(3) or (4), either–

(i) the time for appeal has expired without an appeal having been
lodged; or
(ii) the person concerned has stated, as prescribed, that he does not
intend to appeal,
whichever last occurs.

Sch. 1.C12.Reference of matter for trial as civil offence.

If in the course of any disciplinary proceedings the disciplinary officer forms the
opinion that a member of the Defence Force is or may be guilty of a criminal offence,
he shall advise the appropriate authority of his opinion and of the reasons for it, but
except in the case of a possible offence against Section 59 of the Defence Act he shall
not interrupt the proceedings.

Sch. 1.C13.Evidence of civil conviction.

A conviction of a criminal offence or an offence against the law of any place in which
an accused person is or was at any relevant time serving may be treated, for the
purpose of any disciplinary proceedings, as conclusive evidence of the facts found by
the court or tribunal that convicted him.

Sch. 1.C14.Arrest without warrant.

(1) A person subject to this Code who–
(a) has committed; or
(b) is found committing; or
(c) is suspected of being about to commit; or
(d) is suspected of committing, or has been charged with,
a breach of service discipline may be arrested and detained without warrant in
accordance with this section, and for that purpose a person authorized under this
section to arrest or detain a person may use such force as is reasonably necessary.
(2) The persons who may effect arrests under Subsection (1) are–
(a) any member of the Defence Force–in the case of a member of equal or
lower rank; and
(b) an officer–in the case of an officer of higher rank who is engaged in a
quarrel or disorder; and
(c) a non-commissioned member of the Defence Force–in the case of
another non-commissioned member who is engaged in a quarrel or
disorder; and
(d) in exceptional circumstances or in emergency–any member of the
Defence Force; and
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(e) in any case–a prescribed member of the Defence Force.

(3) A power of arrest under this section may be exercised personally or by
giving an order for the arrest of the person concerned, and it is the duty of the
member to whom the order is given to carry out the order.

Sch. 1.C15.Arrest on warrant.

(1) The Commander of the Defence Force may issue a warrant for the arrest of
a person subject to this Code who–
(a) has committed; or
(b) is suspected of committing; or
(c) has been charged with,
a breach of service discipline or a criminal offence, or an offence against a law of any
other place in which the member is or has been.
(2) The warrant may be directed to all members of the Defence Force and the
Police Force, or any of them.
(3) The person who executes the warrant may use such force as is reasonably
necessary.

Sch. 1.C16.Powers of search, etc.

(1) In this section, “service property” means any property used by or under
the control of the Defence Force, or any property that is on issue to a person subject
to this Code in his capacity as such.
(2) This section does not derogate any power of search conferred by or under
any other law.
(3) A prescribed member of the Defence Force may exercise in relation to a
person subject to this Code any power of search that is conferred by any other law as
if a breach of service discipline were a criminal offence.
(4) Where a person is arrested or committed into custody under this Code, the
person–
(a) who arrests or orders the arrest; or
(b) into whose custody the person is committed; or
(c) who is acting under the orders of such a person,
may search him and any thing in his possession, may remove and detain any such
thing and shall deal with it as prescribed.
(5) A member of the Defence Force authorized for the purpose by a senior
disciplinary officer may–
(a) search any place that is or has been–
(i) occupied by or under the control of the Defence Force; or
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Sch. 1 Defence 9999

(ii) occupied by or under the control of a person subject to this Code;

and
(b) seize and detain, and shall deal with as prescribed, any service property
found in or on the place, and any other thing found in or on the place
that is suspected of having been unlawfully obtained, or that may
furnish evidence of the commission of a breach of service discipline or of
a criminal offence.
(6) The powers conferred by Subsection (5) in relation to a place referred to in
Subsection (5)(a) may be exercised in relation to any other place by a prescribed
member of the Defence Force who is authorized by a warrant issued by a senior
disciplinary officer or by the Commander of the Defence Force.
(7) A female shall not be searched under this section otherwise than by
another female, unless–
(a) the need to search her is too urgent to allow the necessary delay; or
(b) a disciplinary officer certifies in writing that it is impracticable.

Sch. 1.C17.Custody.
(1) A person who has been arrested under Section C14 or C15 may be detained
in such place and in such manner as is prescribed, and for that purpose any force
may be used that is reasonably necessary.
(2) Where a person who has been arrested under Section C14 or C15 is
committed into the custody of a member of the Defence Force for detention–
(a) the person who commits him into custody shall, as soon as practicable,
give to the member into whose custody he is committed a statement in
writing of the reasons for the arrest; and
(b) the member into whose custody he is committed shall, within 24 hours
after the committal, forward a copy of the statement to his superior
officer, who shall take the prescribed steps to bring the matter to the
attention of a disciplinary officer.
(3) Section 50 of the Defence Act applies to and in respect of the arrest or
detention, and any delay in investigations or failure to either charge or release.

Sch. 1.C18.Investigations.
(1) Where–
(a) a person has been arrested and detained under Section C14, C15 or C17;
or
(b) a charge of a breach of service discipline has been laid against a person,
the allegation or charge against him shall be investigated, without unnecessary
delay, in accordance with the regulations and the Defence Council Orders.
(2) If a disciplinary officer having jurisdiction in the matter thinks that–
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(a) it is not necessary for the investigation of the charge that the person
concerned be held in custody; or
(b) a charge should not be laid; or
(c) a charge laid should not be proceeded with,
he shall so order, and if the person concerned is still in custody he shall be released
immediately.

Sch. 1.C19.Custody, etc., of service prisoners.

The regulations or the Defence Council Orders may make provision for the custody,
discipline and treatment of persons subject to this Code who–
(a) are subject to or are undergoing a sentence of detention for a breach of
service discipline; or
(b) have been sentenced to death or to a period of imprisonment,
including provision for their return to the country or their removal from operational
areas.

Office of Legislative Counsel, PNG

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