WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

EFFECT OF BASKETBALL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHALLENGES IN

HIGH SCHOOL GRADE 9TH A CLASS PREPARATORY SCHOOL SODO
TOWN WOLAITA ZONE

PRPAIRD BY: TAREKEGN TESFAYE

ADVISOR: ____________

RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

JANU, 2023

WOLAITA SODO, ETHIOPIA

 Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background.......................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the problem................................................................................................................2
1.3 Research Questions...........................................................................................................................3
1.4. Objectives of the Study.....................................................................................................................3
1.4.1. General Objective......................................................................................................................3
1.4.2. Specific Objectives are to:..........................................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the Study...................................................................................................................3
1.6. Limitation of the Study.....................................................................................................................4
1.7. Delimitation of the Study..................................................................................................................4
1.8. Operational Definition of Terms.......................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE..............................................................................................................................5
2.1. History of Basketball.........................................................................................................................5
2.2. Five is enough and Other Early Changes...........................................................................................5
2.3. Other Changes in the Game..............................................................................................................5
2.4. Women’s Basketball.........................................................................................................................6
2.5. Basketball Goes to the Olympics......................................................................................................6
2.6. The Original 13 Rules of Basketball...................................................................................................6
2.7. Basketball in Ethiopia.......................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................................................7
3.1. Description of the Study Area...........................................................................................................7
3.2. Research Design................................................................................................................................7
3.2. Source of Data..................................................................................................................................7
3.3. Sample size and sampling technique................................................................................................8
3.4. Tools of Data Collection....................................................................................................................8
3.4.1. Questionnaire............................................................................................................................8

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 3.4.2. Interview....................................................................................................................................8
3.5. Method of data collection................................................................................................................8
3.6. Method of Data Analysis...................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
Basketball is one of team sport or ball game that is played by two (2) teams of five (5) players
each. The aim of each team is to score in the opponents’ basket and to prevent the other team
from scoring. The game is controlled by officials, table officials and a commissioner, if present.
The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents' basket and the basket which is defended
by a team is the team's own basket. The team that has scored the greater number of points at the
end of playing time shall be the winner (FIBA 2010).
Basketball can contribute to the development of personal and social values that are very
important in the educational process of the child and youngsters. These include commitment,
perseverance, and personal responsibilities within the group, team work, respecting the rules,
respecting others, and learning to compete (Maurizia, 2004).
For this reason, modern age is characterized by the progress, which is being made in all fields.
Every individual is engaged in a race to excel others. As in other fields, it is equally true in the
field of games and sports. (Journal of Advances in Developmental Research, 2010). Likewise,
most sports develop over time out of which, the game peoples begin to play informally. Not so
with basketball. Basketball history shows that it has the distinction of being an intentionally
invented game. In 1891, James Naismith was assigned to create an indoor activity for students at
the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.
The students, who were training to be physical education (P.E.) teachers, were understandably
bored doing nothing but calisthenics and gymnastics during those long New England winters.
They longed for action and competition (Griffiths, Sian, 2010).
This can lead us to say that basketball is truly an international game. In the early years, the game
spread to all corners of the world through Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and
service men (Soldiers, teachers, pioneers, Ambassadors). The Federation international
Basketball Amateur (FIBA) was formed by eight nations in 1932. Today, FIBA oversees
international competition involving 212 national basketball federations. FIBA estimates that 450
million people play basketball at some level (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki). In reference to the
above from New York to London, to Paris, to Beijing from Sarajevo to Dakar to Buenos Aires to

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Los Angeles and everywhere in between the game of Basketball is played. It’s played in the city
parks of New York and the dusty plains of Africa, and the expensive designed courts of the
NBA. The game is played wherever someone can get a ball, and a mounted ring-like object.
Unlike other sports that require multiple people and a lot of equipment, Basketball only requires
a Ball and the willingness to play (http://www.nbahoopsonline.com).
In Ethiopia, for more than half of a century, men and women of all ages have been playing
basketball. The game has become a favorite of fans who enthusiastically follow their favourite
college, schools and national teams. The game grew in popularity within a few years among
most of the High schools and Embassy workers. Canadian physical education (P.E.) teachers had
facilitated its expansion to the city. Although basketball gets its popularity within a short period
of time, according to the situation, one can safely say that basketball lucks its popularity through
time. May be it is dishonor to say basketball is at the infancy level in relation to the time it
started in our Country but it is true that its development is too slow. The causes for these are
organizational and that of the outlook of the people. As the leadership in sports lacked a popular
base in this country, it has been undergoing a series of continuous reorganization. Youngsters in
Sodo town high school play basketball according to their environmental, social and economical
status without the help of governmentally organized body. The limited role of the community in
sports, the decline of sports in schools, the shortage of sports facilities ,sport wear and equipment
as well as the lack of trained personnel in the sphere have also made the problem more complex
(National sport policy, 1998)

1.2. Statement of the problem

In this ever-changing world, there is an increase public expectation from the sector forces to
create changes in the sport policy by avoiding the old fashioned Philosophy and accommodating
the new scientific method of working system to answer the need of the citizens and to be the part
of this fast changing world. However, the increasing demands of achieving success by the entire
stakeholder is larger as compared to successes resulted from other discipline. To this end, the
call for investigating the problem focusing on basketball development and challenges to move
towards the strong point and limitation as well as to identify the area which require progress is
compulsory.
The researcher has had four years experience as first & second division men basketball team as a
coach in Sodo town high school basketball federation. In addition to that the researcher has also
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four years experience as boys & girls basketball team coach in sub-city. That is why; the
researcher gets the chance to observe closely the development and challenges of basketball in
Sodo town high school. Through the idea mentioned above the researcher intended to investigate
the factors that hinder the development of basketball in Sodo town high school such as;
basketball clubs have no public interest (role of clubs managers, supporters, trainees parent
involvement), less media coverage, poor practice of talent identification, less coaching
competence, shortage of basketball equipments and facilities, less competence in referee and the
absence of national team. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to deal with those problems that
have affected the growth of basketball and to indicate possible solutions.

1.3 Research Questions

To this end, the study tries to investigate the following basic research questions.
1. What is the historical development of Basketball clubs in the study area?
2. How to find out the hampering factors that the federation has faced to run the program?
3. What is possible suggestion to improve the number and capacity of clubs?
1.4. Objectives of the Study
1.4.1. General Objective
The main purpose of the study was to assess effect of the development of basketball and its
challenges as generally in High school Grade 11 th A class preparatory school Sodo town in
wolaita zone.

1.4.2. Specific Objectives are to:

1. Identify the historical development of Basketball clubs in High school Grade 11 th A class
preparatory school Sodo town in wolaita zone.
2. Find out the hampering factors that the federation has faced to run the program.
3. Provide possible suggestion to improve the number and capacity of clubs.

1.5. Significance of the Study

This study was designed in the direction to assess effect of the development and challenges of
High school Sodo town in wolaita zone Basketball clubs. The researcher of this study hopes that
the findings of the study would contribute to:

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  Give insight for High school Sodo town in wolaita zone basketball federation; media;
clubs’ and administrators to enhance their practice;
 Give suggests officials, coaches and other stakeholders to have better knowledge of the
core problems; and
 Initiate other researchers to conduct further and detailed study on the development and
challenges of basketball clubs in High school Sodo town in wolaita zone.

1.6. Limitation of the Study

Through in taking this study there was shortage of reference materials that deal on the challenge
and development of High school Sodo town in wolaita zone basketball clubs. That's why; the
researcher believes that this problem contributed to the inadequacy of the study. In fact, attempts
was made to overcome this inadequacy by making use of some unpublished but relevant
materials and documents. To one side from this, Constraints of time and money contributed to
the inadequacy of the research. However; the researchers try all his best to maintain the
excellence of this research by putting utmost effort.

1.7. Delimitation of the Study

In order to make the study more specific and manageable, this study mainly focuses on
identifying the development of basketball and its challenge in High school Sodo town in wolaita
zone clubs.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Basketball: - A game which played between two teams with five players each
Coach: - A person who instructs other in the side of sport competition
Game: - A physical or mental competition conducted according to rules with participant in a
direct opposition toe each other
Maxi Basketball: - A game played by more elderly individuals.
Mini Basketball: - A game for boys and girls who are twelve or less in the year of competition
begin

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 CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1. History of Basketball

Dr. James Naismith came up with the idea of basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts, 1891. Dr.
Luther Gulick, head of Physical Education at the International Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) Training School, ordered Naismith to create an indoor game that would
provide a distraction for students throughout the winter. He developed the original 13 rules and
thus the game of basketball emerged (Griffiths, Sian, 2010). The first official game of basketball
was believed to be played on December 21, 1891. Naismith’s gym class in Springfield,
Massachusetts, played it. The equipment used to play the first game was a soccer ball, peach
baskets, and nine players to each team. Since then, there have been major changes to the game
(James Naismith Biography", 2007).

2.2. Five is enough and Other Early Changes

Initially, there was no limit on the number of people who could play in a basketball game. Some
historians report that more than 50 people at a time played in some early games. This made for
some very rough basketball that looked a lot like a Rugby scrum. By 1900, it was agreed that
five members per side was enough on the court at one time. Jump balls were the most common
play in the early years of basketball.

2.3. Other Changes in the Game

1906Rims with open nets become 1908 Player ejected after five fouls 1915 Dribbler is allowed
to shoot 1923 nominated free throw shooter eliminated 1944 Three-second lane rule
introduced1950 Nat Clifton, Earl Llyod and Charles Cooper become first Black players to play
in the NBA1954 NBA adopts 24-second shot clock1966 Unlimited dribbling allowed in women's
game1971 Five-on-five full court game becomes standard for women1979 NBA adds three-point
shot1986 College adopts three-point shot1988 NBA adds third referee 2001 Reduce time to
advance the ball past mid court from 10 seconds to 8 seconds 2001 National Basketball
Development League (D-League) created.2002 .

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2.4. Women’s Basketball
Between the late 1940s and early 1960s, U.S women’s basketball becomes a bone fide varsity
sport. Teams had six players and the court was divided so that three forwards did the scoring and
the three guards covered the back court. In 1971 the U.S congress passed title IX legislation,
which prohibited sex discrimination at federally fended academic institutions.

2.5. Basketball Goes to the Olympics

In 1904, Basketball was a demonstration sport at the Olympics in St. Louis. It would be another
eight Olympics before basketball would become medal sport. In the 1936 Berlin Olympics, 21
teams competed for the gold medal. The United States defeated Canada 19-8 in a championship
game played outside on a muddy clay field. This was the beginning of US dominance in
Olympic basketball (Halsey, William D. (1975)).

2.6. The Original 13 Rules of Basketball

As written by Dr. James Naismith (1941)
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with a fist).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, allowance to make for a man who catches the ball when running if he tries to stop.
shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4 and such as described in Rule

2.7. Basketball in Ethiopia

Basketball was first introduced in Ethiopia in the year 1946-47 (1939 E.C). it was first played in
the Teferi Mekonnen (Entoto Comprehensive) and Hailesilasse (Kokebe Tsebah) secondary
schools. It was introduced by physical education teachers who came from Canada. Beginning
from 1950-51, basketball became popular in most primary and secondary school of Addis
Ababa. To this effect, Addis Ababa Inter-school .
CHAPTER THREE

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
The study conducted on the assessing of effect of the development of basketball and its
challenges as generally in High school Sodo town in wolaita zone. Wolaita zone was bordered on
the west south by Damot sore woreda on the west by the Boloso sore woreda Areka, on the north
Damot Gale Boditi, on the east by Damot woyde badessa and on the south Humbo woreda
Abala. Sodo was the administrative center of the Wolaita. Wolaita zone which is administrative
center of the Wolaita. Locate in Wolaita zone of the SNNPR. It was the zones of southern
nation’s nationalities of Ethiopia.

3.2. Research Design

The research was designed in qualitative and quantitative ways based on the datum conducted
through questioner, interview and document analysis. Survey method is use to scan a wide field
of issues, populations, programs… etc in order to measure or describe any generalized features.
So a descriptive survey method which is strongly believed to be the most appropriate for
addressing the intended purpose of this study, “effect of the development and challenges of High
school sodo town Basketball Clubs” was employed.
3.2. Source of Data
This study used both primary and secondary source of data. Primary data’s are in which dates are
collected by the researcher itself but the secondary data are already existing information, which
have previously was collected and reported by sum individual organization for their own
purpose. In this study primary source of data was collected using questionnaire from students of
Sodo tow High School. The questionnaire includes closed and open –ended types of questions
considering the facilities available for grade 11 th A class on case of student’s low participation in
Basketball plays. Therefore, in this problem I was used to primary data.

3.3. Sample size and sampling technique

There are different kinds of sampling techniques depending on the type of study being conducted
the kind of conclusions the researcher was like to be able to draw from the study results. Using

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cause of Basketball development and challenges as a sampling frame which contains a list of all
students, which are living in High school Preparatory school by using multistage design
technique and purposive sampling required number of sample were taken. Was used sample
random sampling method to selected the samples for the purposes of collection. Because of the
study population is homogenous.

3.4. Tools of Data Collection

The data for the study were collected using questionnaires, interview and documents from
different sources.

3.4.1. Questionnaire
Two sets of questionnaires were developed in English and one was translated into Amharic
language so as to obtain information from basketball players and coaches. In order to elicit the
necessary data, both questionnaires were constructed based on the review of related literatures;
consisting of two main sub-topics: I, personal profiles, II, Factors affecting the development of
basketball. This was constructed in keeping with the main themes of research guiding questions
as well.

3.4.2. Interview
Interviews are a type of survey where questions are delivered in a face-to-face means
encountered by and interviewer. The interview is like a conversation and has the purpose of
obtaining information relevant to a particular research topic (Kumar, 1999).

3.5. Method of data collection

For those respondents who has selected to fill the questionnaires, the final copies were handed
over in person if there was a needed for additional explanation on how to respond and to get as
many questionnaires as possible. In addition to this, a face-to-face interview using a tape
recorder was conducted in order not misses every single idea of interviewees.

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