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Chapter 5 Handout

The document provides a student handout with content on theory of assumptions and examples of arguments. It includes questions to identify assumptions and reasoning structures. The handout is for an advanced reading course and covers identifying implicit values and assumptions that link reasons to conclusions in arguments.

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Giang Hoàng Hà
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6 views3 pages

Chapter 5 Handout

The document provides a student handout with content on theory of assumptions and examples of arguments. It includes questions to identify assumptions and reasoning structures. The handout is for an advanced reading course and covers identifying implicit values and assumptions that link reasons to conclusions in arguments.

Uploaded by

Giang Hoàng Hà
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Student’s name:……………………… Lecturer: Le Thi Bich Thuy, M.A.

Advanced Reading: Chapter 5 handout

Part I: Theory

True or False?

1. Most media pundits make explicit the value assumptions in their arguments.
2. Often a conclusion is an assumption.
3. Many important assumptions are unstated beliefs that fill in the gap between the reasons and the
conclusion.
4. Gap filling

1. Assumptions are hidden or unstated, ………………., influential in determining the conclusion, and
…………………………… .

2. …………………….………… is an implicit preference for one value over another in a particular


context.

3. ……………………….………are unstated beliefs that support the explicit reasoning.

4. ................................................ are the unstated ideas that people see as worthwhile.

5. A teacher argues that the best learning experiences for students are group projects and grades should
be given to the group rather than to individuals in the group. It is likely that he is making a value
priority assumption that ………………………………………… is preferable to
…………………………… .

Choose the correct answer

Reverse role playing is most similar to

A. reversing the reasons provided by an author.


B. identifying with the writer or speaker.

C. putting oneself into the position of someone who disagrees with the author's conclusion.

D. challenging an author's values.

Short argument: Residential Advisors need to do much more to impose consequences on students in the
resident halls who keep playing their music too loudly. It seems clear from what I’ve seen that people are
not taking enough self initiative to follow the guidelines recommended by the university. Therefore, Resident
Advisors have to get more assertive in enforcing the rules. These immature noise makers can’t be expected
to change without someone more strongly enforcing the rules.
Which of the following best reflects a value priority assumption that links the reason to the conclusion,
given the discussion of value assumptions in Chapter 5?

A. Noisy students aren’t going to take responsibility for their own behavior.
B. Noise shouldn’t have to be tolerated.

C. Collective responsibility is more important than individual responsibility.


Student’s name:……………………… Lecturer: Le Thi Bich Thuy, M.A.

D. Serious students are preferable to noisy students.

E. The right to play music is less important than the right to study effectively

F. Resident Advisors are not as assertive as they should be.

G. Actions are more important than words.

What is one key assumption of Argument 2 in Chapter 2+3 handout?

For each of the following argument, identify the reasoning structure and assumption(s).

Argument 1

I strongly believe that smoking should be banned in public places. Research has shown that tobacco consists
of carcinogenic compounds which cause lung, mouth and throat cancers, not only for smokers themselves,
but also for people around them.

Argument 2

Tom is one of the most skilled athletes I know. He plays every sport that the school offers, even football,
wrestling, and soccer. He's the captain of the cross-country team, and last year the swimming team he was
on had a winning season.

Argument 3: Giving students a fail grade will damage their self-confidence. Therefore, we should not fail
students.

Argument 4: This stamp is probably highly valuable, since it exhibits a printing error. The most important
factors in determining a stamp’s value, assuming it is in good condition, are its rarity, and age. This is
clearly a fine specimen, and it is quite old as well.

Argument 5: Hundreds of colleges now require their students to lease or buy a laptop computer. The theory
is that the computers will help students do research and increase their chances for interactive learning. Yet in
many classrooms, laptops have become more of an obstacle than an enhancement to learning, and professors
need to think seriously about prohibiting their use during class time. Many students who bring their
computers to class do not use them to take lecture notes or refer to web sites for more information about the
professor’s lecture topic. Far from it. In the history classes I teach, many laptop users don’t even pretend to
pay attention to my lecture or to participate in the discussion. They are more inclined to visit networking
sites like MySpace; e-mail or instant message their friends, and even shop online. No wonder, then, that so
many of them have ended up with low grades or are flunking out altogether. Many of these same kids no
longer know how to produce an original thought on their own. Ask them a question and they search the
Internet rather than think. For me, this was the last straw. Laptops, like cell phones, have no place in my
classroom until someone can prove to me that they really are the great boon to education I have been
promised.

Argument 6: I personally believe that when kids wear their " STREET" clothes they are expressing how
they feel. Kids wear certain clothes because that's the kind of clothes they like. If kids wore uniforms
everyday to school, they would all look alike. You wouldn't be able to tell which people were your friends
because everyone would be wearing the same outfit. Plus you can tell all the kids apart. You can tell if they
Student’s name:……………………… Lecturer: Le Thi Bich Thuy, M.A.

are fun to play with or if they're boring. You can also tell if the kids are your friends or if they aren't. NO: I
don't think schools should make kids wear uniforms.

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