IOT AND RFID BASED BUS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

WITH VOICE ALERT FOR ENHANCED ACCESSIBILIY TO

VISUALLY IMPAIRED

ABSTRACT

A bus detection system using RFID technology that aims to ease the traveling and
movement of blind people. The proposed system consists of two detection subsystems, one on
the buses and the other on the bus stations and a website. In the bus detection subsystem, the
nearby stations will be easily detected and then announced through a voice message inside the
bus . In the bus station subsystem, the coming buses will be detected and then announced in the
station in order to alert the blind people. The bus details will be posted on the website using
IoT. This system is used to help blind people to travel smoothly and independently from one
place to another by providing complete and clear information. Every status of project is monitor
in LCD using 16*2 modules. The proposed system is designed using ARDUINO
microcontroller using Arduino IDE software. 5V regulated power supply used to control
ARDUINO microcontroller. This proposed system implemented using embedded ‘C’
programming language.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The integration of technology into public transportation systems has significantly

improved accessibility and efficiency for all passengers, including those with disabilities.
However, visually impaired individuals often face challenges in identifying buses and
accessing relevant information about routes and schedules. To address this issue, we propose
an innovative solution – an IoT and RFID-based bus identification system equipped with voice
alerts specifically designed to enhance accessibility for visually impaired passengers.
The IoT (Internet of Things) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies
have revolutionized various industries, offering innovative solutions to everyday challenges.
One such area where these technologies can make a significant impact is in enhancing
accessibility for visually impaired individuals, particularly in public transportation systems like
buses.
Navigating public transportation can be particularly challenging for visually impaired
individuals due to difficulties in identifying buses and bus stops. Traditional methods such as
relying on auditory announcements or asking for assistance from others may not always be
reliable or convenient.
To address this issue, we propose the development of an IoT and RFID-based bus
identification system with voice alert functionality. This system aims to provide visually
impaired individuals with real-time information about approaching buses and their respective
routes, enhancing their independence and overall accessibility to public transportation.
Blind people are desperately in need of special requirements and services including the public
transportation to give them he rights and ability to move smoothly and independently from one
place to another. One of the requirements for ease and comfort in enjoying life is the ability to
move independently from one place to another using different possible ways such as on
feet, cars, metro etc.
However, not everybody can simply depend on his own in travelling like some
categories of disabled people. One of these disabilities is blindness, where this category of the
society faces many problems in mobility. In addition, blindness limits the type of
transportation a person can use as well as the delay resulted from using such transportation
systems.

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 Unfortunately, public transportation is not an easy mean to use and access by
blind people in many countries. For example, in the case of buses, blind people have
difficulty in recognizing and estimating the arrival of buses at the bus stations. Moreover,
they cannot read the bus number to identify the correct bus to board. Unlike normal
people who travel independently, blind people need support in guiding them continuously
to avoid accidents as well as the unacceptable lateness in their appointments and
meetings which may affect their performance as active members in the society.
Furthermore, the difficulty of using the public transportation by blind people will
make them more isolated and unable to live their normal life. There are systems that had
been engineered for assisting blind and visually impaired people such as those presented.
However, existing assistive systems for mobility of the visually impaired and blind people
in public transport are not satisfactory, which is the motivation behind this work.
Travelling by bus can be a daunting experience for blind people as they have to rely on
assistance from others to ensure they are boarding the correct bus. This can be a time-
consuming process and may affect their independence. To address this issue, an embedded
system using RFID technology can be implemented to provide bus indication for blind people.
The system involves an RFID reader placed at the entrance of the bus and RFID tags given to
each passenger. When a passenger enters the bus, the RFID reader reads the tag and sends the
information to a microcontroller.
The microcontroller then checks if the passenger has boarded the correct bus, and if so,
activates a buzzer to alert the passenger. The system also displays the bus number and
destination on an LCD display for the passenger's convenience. This system will greatly benefit
blind people as they will be able to confidently board the correct bus without relying on
assistance from others. It will improve their overall experience and independence while
travelling. The following sections will discuss the system in detail and the components used to
implement it. creating your proceedings manuscripts. Please follow them properly.
Nowadays, travel has become an important aspect of our life. A normal individual may
effortlessly go from one location to another without the need for help. In the case of blind
persons, getting from one location to another is difficult since they are primarily
dependent on others because they cannot see. It is difficult for blind persons to get to any
location in their city using local buses since information about the buses is broadcast on LCD

3
screens at local bus stations. Furthermore, unlike normal individuals who travel alone, blind
persons cannot read the bus number to identify the proper bus to board. For this difficulty, we
may design a solution by leveraging.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

For each problem statement in the IoT and RFID based bus identification system with voice
alert for enhanced accessibility to visually impaired individuals.

 Inadequate Bus Identification: Visually impaired individuals encounter difficulty in

identifying buses due to the lack of accessible signage or information at bus stops.
 Limited Awareness of Bus Routes: Visually impaired passengers face challenges in
accessing real-time information about bus routes, leading to uncertainty and potential
boarding of incorrect buses.
 Dependency on External Assistance: Visually impaired individuals rely heavily on external
assistance or fellow passengers to ascertain bus numbers, routes, and destinations,
compromising their independence.
 Inconsistent Auditory Announcements: Existing auditory announcements at bus stops may
lack clarity or consistency, impeding visually impaired individuals' ability to obtain
essential information about approaching buses.
 Absence of Personalized Assistance: Current public transportation systems do not provide
personalized assistance tailored to the specific needs of visually impaired passengers,
hindering their ability to navigate effectively.
 Integration Challenges with Existing Technologies: Implementing IoT and RFID
technologies into public transportation systems presents integration challenges with
existing infrastructure, delaying the deployment of accessible solutions.
 Complexity in Bus Stop Layouts: Visually impaired individuals encounter difficulties
navigating complex bus stop layouts, including identifying boarding areas and accessing
real-time bus information.
 Limited Feedback Mechanisms: There is a lack of mechanisms for visually impaired
passengers to provide feedback on the accessibility and usability of public transportation
systems, hindering improvement efforts.
 Cost Barriers to Accessibility Solutions: The high cost associated with implementing
accessibility solutions based on IoT and RFID technologies poses a barrier to their

4
 widespread adoption in public transportation systems.
 Inaccessible Mobile Applications: Existing mobile applications providing bus information
may lack accessibility features, making it challenging for visually impaired individuals.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

 Develop a robust RFID-based bus identification system.

 Integrate IoT sensors for real-time communication with RFID tags on buses.
 Implement a voice alert system for timely announcements of approaching buses.
 Ensure the voice alert system is accessible and user-friendly for visually impaired
individuals.
 Design a user interface for interaction with the system, tailored to the needs of visually
impaired users.
 Conduct thorough testing and optimization of the system for reliability and accuracy.
 Collaborate with transportation authorities to integrate the system into existing public
transit infrastructure.
 Establish a feedback mechanism for continuous improvement based on user input.
 Evaluate cost-effectiveness and scalability for potential deployment across multiple bus
routes or regions.
 Ensure compliance with relevant regulations and standards governing accessibility.

5
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
M. Markiewicz, M. Skomorowski, TST (2010): This paper likely discusses a topic related to TST
(Time-Slotted Token) protocol, which is a networking protocol used in computer networks to control
access to a shared communication medium. It may discuss how this protocol works, its benefits,
limitations, or its application in a specific context.[1]

S. Priya., IJRASET (2018): This paper is likely published in the International Journal for Research in
Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET) in 2018. It may cover a range of topics related
to applied science and engineering technology, including research methodologies, findings, or
technological innovations.[2]

B. Moulika, Y.R. Sankar, K. Praveen, G.S. Surendra Babu, J. Engg Sci. 11 (2020): This paper is
likely published in the Journal of Engineering Science in 2020. It may contain research articles, reviews,
or case studies related to engineering science, including topics such as mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, or civil engineering.[3]

S. S. Patil, V. Mareeswari, G. Amogh, M. S. Giridhar. ICSE, 353 (2019): This paper is likely
presented at the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) in 2019. It may discuss
various topics related to software engineering, including software development methodologies, software
testing, or software project management.[4]

K. Sasikanth, G. K. Vinay, K. Sudhakar, Y. Surya, M.S.S. Rao, IJRE 05, l 2018: This paper is likely
published in the International Journal of Research and Engineering (IJRE) in 2018. It may cover a range
of topics related to research and engineering, including technological advancements, experimental
studies, or theoretical models.[5]

Dr.R.Thendral, A.Gayathri, P.Kalaivani, T.Kiruthika, IJERCSE 05 (2018): This paper is likely

published in the International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering
(IJERCSE) in 2018. It may discuss various topics related to computer science and engineering, including
software development, computer networks, or artificial intelligence.[6]

M. Anu, D. Sarikha, G. K. Sai, J. Jabez, Intl. Conf. and Cmpt. Tech. (2015): This paper is likely
presented at an International Conference on Computer Technology in 2015. It may discuss various
topics related to computer technology, including hardware design, software development, or computer
networks.[7]
6
A. Holikatti, Dr. S. M. Kumar, IJANA, 508 (2016): This paper is likely published in the International
Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications (IJANA) in 2016. It may cover a range of topics
related to advanced networking and applications, including network security, wireless communication,
or cloud computing.[8]

D. Chander, M.V. Sireesha, IJESR 4, 709 (2014): This paper is likely published in the International
Journal of Engineering Science and Research (IJESR) in 2014. It may discuss various topics related to
engineering science and research, including experimental studies, theoretical models, or technological
innovations.[9]

G. Lavanya; W. Preethy; A. Shameem; R. Sushmitha, ICCPCT, 798 (2013): This paper is likely
presented at the International Conference on Computer, Power and Communication Technologies
(ICCPCT) in 2013. It may discuss various topics related to computer, power, and communication
technologies, including software development, hardware design, or network protocols.[10]

S. Panicker, K. V. Maitreyi, M.Gonsalves, K. Gonsalves, S. Patil, S. Anand, IJETAE 07, 137

(2017): This paper is likely published in the International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering
and Applied Sciences (IJETAE) in 2017. It may cover a range of topics related to engineering and
applied sciences, including experimental studies, theoretical models, or technological innovations.[11]

A. Agarwal, K. Agarwal, R. Agrawal, A. K. Patra, A. K. Mishra, N. Nahak, Odisha Intl Con. Elec.
Pow. Engg, Commun. and Cmpt. Tech. (2021): This paper is likely presented at the Odisha
International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computer Technology
in 2021. It may discuss various topics related to electrical power engineering, communication
technologies, or computer technology.[12]

S. A.Ghodake, M.Pallewar, R. Bandal, ICICET, 1 (2018): This paper is likely presented at the
International Conference on Innovations in Computer, Electrical, and Telecommunication Technologies
(ICICET) in 2018. It may discuss various topics related to computer, electrical, and telecommunication
technologies, including software development, hardware design, or network protocols.[13]

S. Gholap, G. Ekshinge, P. Naik, Prof.S.D.Chavan, IJSRP 05, 189 (2015): This paper is likely
published in the International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) in 2015. It may
cover a range of topics related to scientific research and publications, including experimental studies,
theoretical models, or technological innovations [14].

7
Hsuan-Eng Chen, Yi-Ying Lin, Chien-Hsing Chen, I-Fang Wang, CHI, 19 (2015): This paper is
likely presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) in 2015. It may
discuss various topics related to human-computer interaction, including user interface design, usability
testing, or user experience research.[15]

P. Korbel, P. Skulimowski; P. Wasilewski, HSI, 485 (2013): This paper is likely presented at the
International Conference on Human-System Interaction (HSI) in 2013. It may discuss various topics
related to human-system interaction, including user interface design, human-computer interaction, or
user experience research.[16]

J. Cechak, Intl. J. Electron. Telecommun. 57, 369 (2011): This paper is likely published in the
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications in 2011. It may cover a range of topics
related to electronics and telecommunications, including circuit design, signal processing, or
communication systems.[17]

G.Baudoin, O.Venard, G.Uzan, A.Rousseau, Y.Benabou, A.Paumier, J.Cesbron, ITST (2005): This
paper is likely presented at the International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems
Telecommunications (ITST) in 2005. It may discuss various topics related to intelligent transport
systems, including traffic management, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, or autonomous vehicles.[18]

A. Meliones, D. Sampson,PETRA, 6(1),(2018): This paper is likely published in the PETRA journal in
2018. It may cover a range of topics related to pervasive technologies and assistive environments,
including smart homes, wearable devices, or ambient intelligence.[19]

W. Bischof, E. Krajnc, M. Dornhofer, M. Ulm, ICCHP, 91, (2012): This paper is likely presented at
the International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (ICCHP) in 2012. It may
discuss various topics related to assistive technologies for people with disabilities, including
accessibility features, assistive devices, or inclusive design principles.[20]

8
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system is an IoT and RFID-based bus identification system with voice alert for
enhanced accessibility to visually impaired. Here's a summary of the existing system:

1. IoT and RFID Technology: The system utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. IoT allows for connectivity between
devices and the internet, enabling real-time data collection and communication. RFID
technology uses radio waves to identify and track objects, such as buses equipped with
RFID tags.
2. Bus Identification: The system is designed to identify buses equipped with RFID tags.
When a bus comes within range of the system's sensors, it is identified through its
unique RFID tag.
3. Voice Alert System: The system is equipped with a voice alert system that provides
auditory feedback to visually impaired individuals. When a bus is detected, the system
will announce information about the bus, such as its route number, destination, and
estimated arrival time.
4. Enhanced Accessibility: The system aims to enhance the accessibility of public
transportation for visually impaired individuals. By providing real-time information
about bus routes and schedules, the system enables visually impaired individuals to plan
their journeys more effectively and independently.
5. Integration with Mobile Devices: The system can be integrated with mobile devices,
allowing visually impaired individuals to receive real-time information about bus routes
and schedules on their smartphones or other mobile devices.
6. User-Friendly Interface: The system features a user-friendly interface designed to be
accessible to visually impaired individuals. The interface provides easy access to
information about bus routes, schedules, and other relevant information.
7. Potential for Expansion: The system has the potential for expansion to include
additional features and functionalities, such as integration with other modes of
transportation, navigation assistance, and support for other disabilities.

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 CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system is an innovative IoT and RFID-based bus identification solution, designed
specifically to enhance accessibility for visually impaired individuals in public transportation.
This system builds upon the existing framework by integrating advanced features and
technologies to overcome the limitations of the current system. It addresses the challenges faced
by visually impaired individuals when navigating public transportation, such as the inability to
easily identify buses, access real-time information, and plan journeys independently.

One of the key enhancements of the proposed system is its advanced voice alert system. This
system uses a combination of IoT, RFID, and voice recognition technologies to provide real-
time information about approaching buses, including their route numbers, destinations, and
estimated arrival times. Additionally, the system can announce details about nearby landmarks,
bus stops, and other points of interest, helping visually impaired individuals navigate more
effectively.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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The voice alert system can be customized based on individual preferences, allowing users to
receive alerts for specific bus routes or at specific times of day. This feature is particularly
useful for individuals with varying mobility needs or those who may prefer alternative
transportation options.

Another significant improvement is the integration of GPS technology. The proposed system
leverages GPS to provide users with accurate information about their current location and
nearby points of interest, both on and off public transportation. This feature enables visually
impaired individuals to plan their journeys more effectively and independently, reducing the
reliance on external assistance. Additionally, the system can be integrated with a mobile app,
offering users a user-friendly interface to access bus routes, schedules, and other relevant
information. The app can also provide notifications and alerts based on the user's preferences,
ensuring a seamless and personalized transportation experience.

Overall, the proposed system represents a significant step forward in addressing the
accessibility needs of visually impaired individuals in public transportation. By integrating
advanced technologies and customizable features, the system aims to empower users to
navigate public transportation with greater confidence and independence.

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ADVANTAGES:

 Enhanced Accessibility: The proposed system provides visually impaired

individuals with real-time information about approaching buses, enabling them to
plan their journeys more effectively and independently. This enhances their overall
accessibility to public transportation.
 Customizable Alerts: The system allows users to customize the alerts they receive
based on their preferences and needs. This ensures that users receive relevant
information, improving their overall user experience.
 Integration with GPS: The system integrates GPS technology, providing users with
accurate information about their current location and nearby points of interest. This
enables users to navigate more effectively and independently, both on and off public
transportation.
 Mobile App: The system includes a mobile app that provides users with easy access
to bus routes, schedules, and other relevant information. This app features a user-
friendly interface designed to be accessible to visually impaired individuals.
 Seamless Transportation Experience: The system aims to provide users with a
seamless transportation experience by integrating various modes of transportation,
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 such as buses, trains, trams, and taxis. This ensures that users can easily transition
between different modes of transportation, enhancing their overall journey
experience.
 Support for Other Disabilities: The system has the potential to support individuals
with other disabilities, such as hearing impairments or mobility impairments. For
example, it could include text-to-speech functionality for individuals with hearing
impairments or wheelchair-accessible route information for individuals with
mobility impairments.
 Improved Safety: The system enhances the safety of visually impaired individuals
by providing real-time information about approaching buses and nearby points of
interest. This enables users to navigate more safely and confidently, reducing the
risk of accidents or mishaps.
 User-Friendly Interface: The system features a user-friendly interface designed to
be accessible to visually impaired individuals. This interface provides easy access to
information about bus routes, schedules, and other relevant information.

APPLICATIONS:
 Bus Tracking: The system can track the location of buses equipped with RFID tags.
This allows visually impaired individuals to know exactly when a bus is
approaching their location, making it easier for them to plan their journey.
 Bus Identification: The system can identify buses using RFID technology. This
allows visually impaired individuals to know which bus is approaching them,
enabling them to board the correct bus.
 Bus Route Information: The system can provide information about bus routes,
destinations, and estimated arrival times. This allows visually impaired individuals
to plan their journey more effectively, ensuring they reach their destination on time.
 Bus Stop Announcements: The system can announce bus stop names and other
relevant information. This helps visually impaired individuals know when to get off
the bus, ensuring they don't miss their stop.
 Nearby Landmark Information: The system can provide information about nearby
landmarks, bus stops, and other points of interest. This helps visually impaired
individuals navigate more effectively, ensuring they can find their way to their
destination.

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  GPS Location: The system can provide information about the user's current
location using GPS technology. This helps visually impaired individuals know
exactly where they are, making it easier for them to navigate their surroundings.
 Mobile App Alerts: The system's mobile app can send alerts and notifications to
visually impaired individuals. This helps them stay informed about bus routes,
schedules, and other relevant information, ensuring they have a seamless
transportation experience.
 Safety Alerts: The system can send safety alerts to visually impaired individuals in
case of emergencies or hazardous situations. This helps them stay safe and avoid
potential risks while using public transportation.

REFERENCES

[1] M. Markiewicz, M. Skomorowski, TST , (2010)

[2] S. Priya., IJRASET, (2018)

[3] B.Moulika, Y.R. Sankar, .K. Praveen, G.S. Surendra Babu, J. Engg Sci. 11,(2020)

[4] S. S. Patil, V. Mareeswari, G. Amogh, M. S. Giridhar. ICSE, 353,(2019)

[5] K. Sasikanth, G. K. Vinay, K. Sudhakar, Y. Surya, M.S.S. Rao, IJRE 05, l 2018

[6] Dr.R.Thendral, A.Gayathri, P.Kalaivani, T.Kiruthika, IJERCSE 05, (2018)

[7] M. Anu, D. Sarikha, G. K. Sai, J. Jabez, Intl. Conf.and Cmpt. Tech.,(2015)

[8] A. Holikatti, Dr. S. M. Kumar, IJANA, 508,(2016)

[9] D. Chander, M.V. Sireesha, IJESR 4, 709,(2014)

[10] G. Lavanya; W. Preethy; A. Shameem; R. Sushmitha, ICCPCT, 798,(2013)

[11] S. Panicker, K. V. Maitreyi, M.Gonsalves, K. Gonsalves, S. Patil, S. Anand, IJETAE 07,

14
137 (2017)

[12] A. Agarwal, K. Agarwal, R. Agrawal, A. K. Patra, A. K. Mishra, N. Nahak, Odisha Intl

Con. Elec. Pow. Engg, Commun. and Cmpt. Tech.,(2021)

[13] S. A. Ghodake, M.Pallewar, R. Bandal, ICICET, 1,(2018)

[14] S. Gholap, G. Ekshinge, P. Naik, Prof.S.D.Chavan, IJSRP 05, 189, (2015)

[15] Hsuan-Eng Chen, Yi-Ying Lin, ChienHsing Chen, I-Fang Wang, CHI,19,(2015)

[16] P. Korbel, P. Skulimowski; P. Wasilewski, HSI,485, (2013)

[17] J. Cechak, Intl. J. Electron. Telecommun. 57,369, (2011)

[18] G. Baudoin, O. Venard, G. Uzan, A. Rousseau, Y. Benabou, A. Paumier, J. Cesbron,

ITST, (2005)

[19] A. Meliones, D. Sampson, PETRA, 6(1),(2018)

[20] W. Bischof, E. Krajnc, M. Dornhofer, M. Ulm, ICCHP, 91, (2012)

15