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Micro Mobility, CIP, HAWAII, HMIPv6

The document discusses micro-mobility protocols which aim to reduce load on networks from frequent registration during local mobility. It describes three protocols: Cellular IP which separates active and idle devices, HAWAII which keeps micro-mobility transparent, and HMIPv6 which uses a mobility anchor point to map regional to local addresses during local handovers.

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171 views12 pages

Micro Mobility, CIP, HAWAII, HMIPv6

The document discusses micro-mobility protocols which aim to reduce load on networks from frequent registration during local mobility. It describes three protocols: Cellular IP which separates active and idle devices, HAWAII which keeps micro-mobility transparent, and HMIPv6 which uses a mobility anchor point to map regional to local addresses during local handovers.

Uploaded by

URVI BALEKUNDRI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Micro Mobility

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering


Micro Mobility
If a large number of mobile devices change networks quite frequently, a high
load on the home agents as well as on the networks is generated by
registration and binding update messages.
IP micro-mobility protocols offers fast and almost seamless handover control
in limited geographical areas.
The basic underlying idea is the same for all micro-mobility protocols: Keep
the frequent updates generated by local changes of the points of attachment
away from the home network and only inform the home agent about major
changes, i.e., changes of a region.

The following presents three of the most prominent approaches


Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering
Micro Mobility
1. Cellular IP
Cellular IP does not scale to a global level, but it provides fast smooth handoffs
on a local scale.
It can accommodate large number of users by separating idle hosts and active
hosts.

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering


Micro Mobility
Cellular IP architecture
- Cellular IP Gateway (CIPGW)
- Cellular IP node or the base station (BS)
- Cellular IP mobile host (MH)
A Cellular IP network consists of several interconnected BSs.
CIP Gateway router connects a cellular IP network and the regular Internet.
Mobility between gateway is managed by Mobile IP while mobility within the
access network is managed by the Cellular IP
IP address of the GW servers are the care-of-address for all the mobile hosts
that are currently attached to the network.

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering


Micro Mobility
Routing in CIP
- Uplink packets (packets from the mobile host) are routed from the MH to the
GW on a hop-by-hop basis.
- The path taken by these packets is cached in base station. This cache is called
routing cache.
- To route the downlink packets to a MH, the path that is already stored in the
route cache is used.
- Even if the MH is not regularly transmitting the data packets, it will maintain
its routing cache. For that MH transmit route-update packets at regular
intervals to keep its the routing cache valid. (These packets are empty data
addressed to gateway)

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering


Micro Mobility
Paging in CIP
- In CIP, an ideal MH is one that has not received data packets for a system
specific time.
- For Ideal MH, their downlink soft state routes are removed from the routing
cache.
- These hosts transmit paging-update packets at regular intervals. (These
packets are empty data addressed to gateway. It is distinguished from the
route update packet by its IP type parameter)
- Base stations may maintain paging cache.
- Paging occurs when a packet is addressed to an idle MH and the BS finds no
valid routing cache mapping for the destination.
- Paging is used to avoid broadcast search procedure. (if no entry in paging
cache, then broadcast is option)
Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering
Micro Mobility
Handover in CIP
- CIP implements mobile controlled handover (MCHO)- handoff is initiated by
MH
- MH listens to BSs beacon packets and initiates handover based on signal
strength.
- MH tunes its radio to the new BS, it sends a route update packet to this new
BS.
- This creates entry in a routing cache.
- During handover process, downlink packets may be lost. The mapping
associated with the old base station are not cleared at handover, they are
cleared after the expiry of a timer.
- Before timeout, both old and new downlink routes remain valid and packets
are delivered through bothDepartment
Prof. Krishnapriya S
the BSs. of Computer Engineering
Micro Mobility
2) HAWAII
(Handoff – Aware Wireless Access Internet Infrastructure)
HAWAII tries to keep micro-mobility support as transparent as possible for
both HA and MN
Step 1 – Once entering a HAWAII domain, a MN obtains co-located COA.
Step 2 – Then it registers with HA
Step 3 – When MN is moving to another cell inside the foreign domain, MN
sends a registration request to the new base station
Step 4 – The base station interprets the registration request and sends out a
handoff update message. This will reconfigure all the routers on the path from
the old and new base station to crossover router. Once routing is reconfigured,
the base station sends the registration reply to the MN.
Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering
Micro Mobility
2) HAWAII

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering


Micro Mobility
3) HMIPv6 (Hierarchical Mobile IPv6)
- Provides micro-mobility support by installing a Mobility Anchor Point (MAP).
- MAP is an entity which is responsible for a certain domain and acts as a local HA
within this domain for visiting MNs.
- MAP receives all packets on behalf of the MN, encapsulates and forwards them
directly to the MN’s current address LCOA (link COA)
- For the duration MN is in the MAP domain, the regional COA (RCOA) does not
change.
- Access routers (AR) define the MAP domain’s boundaries. It is used to advertise
the MAP information to the attached MNs
- MAP assists with local handovers and maps RCOA to LCOA.
- Using the binding update, the MN registers their RCOA with HA. When MN
moves locally it must only regisyer its new LCOA with its MAP.
Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering
Micro Mobility
3) HMIPv6 (Hierarchical Mobile IPv6)

Prof. Krishnapriya S Department of Computer Engineering

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