A REPORT ON

Paper No. M- 109

(Seminar on Contemporary Issues)

Titled

“E-COMMERCE”

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Sakshi Maheshwari Dr. Meenal Sukhlecha
ROLL NO. 94 Asstt.Professor

S. S. JAIN SUBODH MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

Jaipur, (Rajasthan)
2023-2024
 STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I Sakshi Maheshwari hereby declare that the report on paper no. M-109 (Seminar

on Contemporary Issues titled “Ecommerce” submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements of MBA course, Semester I, subject M-109, is a report of information

collected by me under the guidance of Dr. Meenal Sukhlecha.

The findings and results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any

other University or Institute for the award of any degree and diploma. It is my own

original work and I alone am responsible for its contents or for any mistake that

may be reflected in it.

Name: Sakshi Maheshwari Roll no: 94

Date: 02/10/2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express gratitude to my guide Dr. Meenal Sukhlecha, who guided

and supported me in my academic endeavor. I would also like to thank our

Institute’s director Prof. (Dr.) Raju Agrawal who has given the opportunity to

undertake this academic effort.

The Institute has always supported us in carrying out research and the well-stocked

library, the excellent computer laboratory and supportive management and faculty,

helped me in carrying out my research and preparing the report. In the course of

my research, I learnt a multitude of technical and report writing skills and

developed a deeper perspective of the topic selected for research and I am truly

grateful for the learning.

Name: Sakshi Maheshwari Roll no: 94

Date: 02/10/2024
 CONTENTS
SNO Particulars Page
number
1 COVER PAGE 1

2 STUDENT’S DECLARATION 2

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 4-16

TO E-COMMERCE – Background,
Timeline, Introduction

5 CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL 17-25

FRAMEWORK

6 CHAPTER 3: FACTS ABOUT 26-29

GLOBAL E-COMMERCE &
BUSINESS

7 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION & 30-31

RECOMMENDATION

8 CHAPTER 5: BIBLIOGRAPHY 32
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E-commerce, a revolutionary paradigm in commerce, has emerged as a
pivotal force in the global business landscape. This executive summary
provides an insightful exploration into the inception, conceptual framework,
and current trends of e-commerce. It aims to elucidate the transformative
impact of digital transactions on global business and consumer behavior. The
conceptual foundation of e-commerce rests on the digitization of traditional
commerce processes. It encompasses online buying and selling of goods and
services, facilitated by electronic transactions.

The framework includes key components such as Electronic Data Interchange

(EDI), online payments, electronic funds transfer, and automated data
collection systems. E-commerce transcends geographical boundaries, creating
a virtual marketplace that operates 24/7, enabling businesses to reach a global
audience. The rise of e-commerce has been meteoric, with significant
implications for businesses worldwide.

As of the latest available data, global e-commerce sales have witnessed

exponential growth, accounting for a substantial share of total retail sales.
Major players like Amazon, Alibaba, and others have not only capitalized on
this trend but have also pioneered innovations that redefine customer
expectations. The shift towards e-commerce is not limited to retail; B2B e-
commerce is experiencing a surge, transforming the way businesses procure
and sell goods and services.

The growth of e-commerce is attributed to factors such as increased internet

penetration, mobile device ubiquity, and evolving consumer preferences. The
convenience of online shopping, personalized recommendations driven by AI
algorithms, and the seamless integration of payment gateways have
contributed to the widespread adoption of e-commerce by consumers.

However, the success of e-commerce is not without challenges.

Cybersecurity concerns, logistical intricacies, and regulatory frameworks
pose formidable obstacles for businesses navigating the digital marketplace.
As the volume of online transactions continues to escalate, addressing these
challenges becomes paramount to sustaining growth and ensuring a secure
and reliable e-commerce ecosystem.
CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION
TO
E-COMMERCE
1.1 : BACKGROUND
HISTORY OF E-COMMERCE

E-commerce was introduced about 40 years ago in its earliest form. Since
then, electronic commerce has helped countless businesses grow with the help
of new technologies, improvements in internet connectivity, added security
with payment gateways, and widespread consumer and business adoption.
With the wide adoption of the Internet and the introduction of the World Wide
Web in 1991 and of the first browser for accessing it in 1993, most e-
commerce shifted to the Internet. More recently, with the global spread of
smartphones and the accessibility of fast broadband connections to the
Internet, much e-commerce moved to mobile devices, which also included
tablets, laptops, and wearable products such as watches.
Ecommerce has come a long way since the CompuServe launch in 1969.
Changes in technology have certainly driven ecommerce growth, along with
global circumstances.
Ecommerce has evolved in many ways since its start, and it’s changing the
way we live, shop and do business. Let’s dive into the history and the future of
ecommerce.

E-COMMERCE TIMELINE
1969: CompuServe is founded.
In the 1980s, CompuServe introduced some of the earliest forms of email and
internet connectivity to the public and dominated the ecommerce landscape
through the mid- 1990s.

1979: Michael Aldrich invents electronic shopping.

This made it possible for closed information systems to be opened and shared
by outside parties for secure data transmission — and the technology became
the foundation for modern ecommerce.
1994: Netscape Navigator launches as a web browser.
Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark co-created Netscape Navigator as a web
browsing tool. During the 1990s, Netscape Navigator became the primary web
browser on the Windows platform, before the rise of modern giants like
Google.

1995: Amazon launch.

Jeff Bezos introduced Amazon primarily as an ecommerce platform for books.

1999: Alibaba launches.

Alibaba Online launched as an online marketplace with more than $25 million
in funding. By 2001, the company was profitable. It went on to turn into a
major B2B, C2C, and B2Cplatform that’s widely used today.

2011: Google Wallet introduced as a digital payment method.

By linking the digital wallet to a debit card or bank account, users can pay for
products or services via these devices. Today, Google Wallet has joined with
Android Pay for what is now known as Google Pay.

2017: Shoppable Instagram is introduced.

Instagram Shopping launched with ecommerce partner BigCommerce. Since
then, the service has expanded to additional ecommerce platforms and allows
Instagram users to immediately click an item, and go to that item’s product
page for purchase.

2020: COVID-19 Drives Ecommerce Growth.

COVID-19 outbreaks around the globe pushed consumers online to
unprecedented levels. By May of 2020, ecommerce transactions reached $82.5
billion — a 77% increase from 2019. It would have taken four to six years to
reach that number looking at traditional year-over-year increases.
Consumers have moved online to make purchases normally made in physical
stores, such as food and household items, apparel, and entertainment. Many
consumers say they’ll continue to use online storefronts until a COVID-19
vaccine is available.
1.2 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ECOMMERCE?
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods
and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network,
primarily the internet.

E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce is a methodology of modern business,

which addresses the need of business organizations, vendors and customers to
reduce cost and improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the
speed of delivery. Ecommerce refers to the paperless exchange of business
information using the following ways −
• Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)
• Electronic Mail (e-mail)
• Electronic Bulletin Boards
• Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
• Other Network-based technologies
•
There are some examples of e-commerce are:
• Online shopping: Online shopping is the most popular example of e-
commerce, it involves buying and selling of goods on internet.
• Online payments: when a buyer get product they can make his
payment throughnet.
• Internet banking: In today’s time banks can offers you internet
banking which isthe easiest way of making online payments.
• Online Ticket: We can book our ticket through net whether it is bus
ticket, trainticket, or movie ticket internet can reduces efforts for it.
1.3: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN E-COMMERCE V/S
TRADITIONAL COMMERCE
Basis E-commerce Traditional System
Reduce Data Error Doesn’t involve data at multi points. The buyer and seller create
Data goes directly from one computer purchase order on their system
to another Computer without and send it to their trading
involving human being. partner. The receiver/seller then
re‐enter the same information on
the computer, which will create
data error.

Reduce cost Initial cost of E‐commerce is Time is directly linked to saving

very high as compared to paper the money. There is repetition of
process but over a long period same work at every level and it
of time, it is very effective. involves a lot of wastage of time
and if the error is arisen that will
lead to more wastage of money.

Reduce Paper work E‐commerce data in the It requires re‐entry of data at

electronic form make it easy to each level and requires lot of
share it across the organization. time. So the peak time is wasted
in re-entering and printing of the
Reports.

Reduce E‐commerce reduces the When the buyer order in a paper

Processing cycle processing cycle time of format, the data is re‐entered into
time complete cycles as the data is the Sellers’s computer and then
entered the system, it is only processing can take place
simultaneously Processed. which is a time consuming
process.

Reduce labour No need to maintain large Need to maintain a large number

number of employees, instead of employees because one‐third
there arises the need to manage of labour force is employed to
them more efficiently. fulfill orders from customers.
1.4: OBJECTIVES/MERITS/ADVANTAGES OF E
COMMERCE
(a) Enhances convenience: Customers can make orders for goods at their own
convenience and from the comfort of their homes without having to travel to the
business premise. Orders are also delivered to them at their most ideal locations. It’s
the best shopping option for people who arealways busy.

(b) Allows for product and price comparison: Again, when making purchases,
customers want to get the best deals. This business model allows for product and
price comparison by consumers so that the best products are bought at the fairest
prices. They can also enjoy extra benefits like discounts, coupons, items on sale and
also get the best deals.

(c) Easy fund-raising for start-ups ventures: So many people have the desire to
venture into business but lack sufficient funds to set up shop. Leasing a physical
store can be quite expensive. E-commerce makes it easier for start-ups to do business
and grow.

(d) Efficient: E-commerce has the advantage of being efficient. Resources are used
efficiently since most of the business services are automated. Business owners
sometimes spend a lot of resources meeting business needs and this eats into
profits. E-commerce thrives on efficiency.

(e) Customer reach: It’s easier to reach many customers on the internet. Using social
media links and good search engine optimization strategies, an online business can
increase brand awareness and grow its customer base. It also has the advantage of
being able to connect buyers and sellersfrom all corners of the globe.

(f) Prompt payments: Payments are fast since online stores use electronic or mobile
transactions payment methods. The mobile wallet system for merchant accounts
drive up sales and increaserevenue generation.
 (g) Ability to sell different products: The flexibility of conducting business over
the internet makes it possible for entrepreneurs to display and sell several products
and also cater to a widerdemographic.

1.5: LIMITATIONS / DISADVANTAGES OF E-

COMMERCE
(a) Poor quality products: You don’t physically see and inspect whatever you are
paying for before it’s delivered. Customers, therefore, run the risk of falling victim
to false marketing andbuying poor quality products from the virtual shop.

(b) Impulsive purchases: Online stores display a large number of products and
due to the convenience of shopping, customers can find themselves making
bad financial decisions through impulsive purchases.

(c) Internet scammers: The internet is a good thing but some people have decided to
use it for all the wrong reasons. Scammers have made this type of business
model unattractive for someconsumers.

(d) Lack of after sales support: As a result of lack of physical premises, customers
find it hard to access after sales support. It can take up to several days before
any help is accorded to a customer in need.

(e) Fast changing business environment: Technology evolves so fast. Some

entrepreneurs find it hard to keep up and lose a lot of business in the process.
This may make business growth unattainable.

(f) Loss of personal touch: Business is all about relationships. This business
model erodes the personal touch between a customer and the business owner.
Cultivating loyalty can thus be a problem since there are many such businesses that
provide different options.
 (g) Delivery of goods can get delayed: It takes time before the goods ordered for
are delivered. Sometimes the delivery delays and this inconveniences the
customer. This is different fromphysical business premises where customers walk
out with the products bought.

Further, many critics of electronic commerce, however, have argued that this mode
of buying and selling has been endangering the livelihoods of traditional market
sellers and shop ownerswho prefer to sell face to face.

1.6: CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF E –
COMMERCE: -

E-Commerce provides the following features −

(a) Non-Cash Payment − E-Commerce enables the use of credit cards, debit cards,
smart cards, electronic fund transfer via bank's website, and other modes of
electronics payment.

(b) 24x7 Service availability − E-commerce automates the business of enterprises

and the way they provide services to their customers. It is available anytime,
anywhere.

(c) Advertising / Marketing − E-commerce increases the reach of advertising of

products and services of businesses. It helps in better marketing management of
products/services.

(d) Improved Sales − Using e-commerce, orders for the products can be generated
anytime, anywhere without any human intervention. It gives a big boost to
existing sales volumes.

(e) Support − E-commerce provides various ways to provide pre-sales and post-
sales assistance to provide better services to customers.

(f) Inventory Management − E-commerce automates inventory management.

Reports get generated instantly when required. Product inventory management
becomes very efficient and easy to maintain.
 (g) Communication improvement − E-commerce provides ways for faster,
efficient, reliable communication with customers and partners.

1.7: E-BUSINESS VS. E-COMMERCE

While some use e‐commerce and e‐business interchangeably, they are distinct
concepts.
Basically, electronic commerce (EC) is the process of buying, transferring, or
exchanging products, services, and/or information via computer networks,
including the internet. EC can also be benefited from many perspective including
business process, service, learning, collaborative, community. EC is often
confused with e‐business.
In e‐commerce, information and communications technology (ICT) is used in
inter‐business or inter‐organizational transactions (transactions between and
among firms/organizations) and in business‐to‐consumer transactions (transactions
between firms/organizations and individuals).
In e‐business, on the other hand, ICT is used to enhance one’s business. It
includes any process that a business organization (either a for‐profit, governmental
or non‐profit entity) conducts over a computer‐mediated network.

The main distinctions between E‐commerce and E‐Business are

E-commerce E-Business
 Open system [statistics]  Closed System
 Not secured  Secured
 Deals more with technology  Deals with processes needed to
facilitate
 e‐commerce
 Does not involve the use of EDI  Used EDI
 Always operate on Internet  Always operates on intranet
 Involves all types of commerce transaction  Involves explicitly business
transactions
 Used for small and bulky transaction  Used for bulky transaction
 Focused on Business to consumer activities  Focused more on business-to-
business activities
 e‐commerce is an extension of a traditional  e‐business is an online business only
 business model
1.8: MODELS/TYPES OF ECOMMERCE

Business to Business [B2B]

B2B (business – to‐ business )is a kind of e-commerce, which refers to a company
selling or buying from other companies. One company communicates with other
companies through electronic Medias. Some of these transactions include sending
and receiving orders, invoice and shopping orders. It was an attractive alternative
to the current process of printing, mailing various business documents.

B2C Model
Business – to Consumer [B2C] e‐commerce consists of the sale of products or
services from a business to the general public. Products can be anything from
clothing to flowers and the products can also be intangible products such as
online banking, stock trading, and airline reservations. Sellers that use B2C
business model can increase their benefits by eliminating the middlemen. This is
called disintermediation because businesses sell products directly to consumers
without using traditional retail channels. Business – to Consumer [B2C] is
basically a concept of online marketing and distributing of products and services
over the internet.
C2C Business Models:
A website following the C2C business model helps consumers to sell their assets
like residential property, cars, motorcycles, etc., or rent a room by publishing their
information on the website. Website may or may not charge the consumer for its
services. Another consumer may opt to buy the product of the first customer by
viewing the post/advertisement on the website. Examples: Olx.com.
Consumer-to-Business E-commerce (C2B)

In this model, a consumer approaches a website showing multiple business

organizations for a particular service. The consumer places an estimate of amount
he/she wants to spend for a particular service. For example, the comparison of
interest rates of personal loan/car loan provided by various banks via websites. A
business organization who fulfills the consumer's requirement within the specified
budget, approaches the customer and provides its services.

Business - to - Government
B2G model is a variant of B2B model. Such websites are used by governments to
trade and exchange information with various business organizations. Such
websites are accredited by the government and provide a medium to businesses to
submit application forms to the government.

Government - to - Business
Governments use B2G model websites to approach business organizations. Such
websites support auctions, tenders, and application submission functionalities.
 Government - to - Citizen

Governments use G2C model websites to approach citizen in general. Such

websites support auctions of vehicles, machinery, or any other material. Such
website also provides services like registration for birth, marriage or death
certificates. The main objective of G2C websites is to reduce the average time for
fulfilling citizen’s requests for various government services.

1.9: The Future of Ecommerce

By 2022, ecommerce revenue in the U.S. alone is expected to reach $479 billion,
with the toys, hobby and DIY vertical seeing the largest growth. And it’s no passing
trend, either.

It’s also interesting to note that looking ahead, ecommerce expert Gary Hoover’s
data projects that ecommerce retail sales will eventually even out with that of brick
and mortar.
This means that even though the online sales trend will continue to grow, there’s plenty
ofbusiness to go around.But that’s not all.
Soon, most ecommerce interactions will be an omni-channel experience for shoppers.

This means they’ll expect to be able to research, browse, shop, and purchase
seamlessly between different devices and on different platforms (like a standalone
web store, anAmazon presence, etc.).
Other trends to watch for in the future of ecommerce include:
 Robust customer journeys and personalization.
 Artificial intelligence-enabled shopping.
 Digital currencies.
Overall, we have to remember that ecommerce is still fairly new in the big picture of retail.

The future holds endless opportunity, but its success and continuation will depend
largely on buyers’ preferences in the future.
 Conclusion
We’ve looked at all corners of ecommerce, including its different types, the
history, how it's grown over the years, and its impact on consumers and how
business is conducted.
There are certainly advantages and disadvantages to ecommerce, but the future has
manyopportunities for even greater expansion.
 CHAPTER 2:

CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
/NATIONAL &
INTERNATIONAL
SCENARIO
2.1 OVERVIEW

E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce

Electronic commerce or E-commerce is a platform through which trading of
products and services can be done using the internet. E-commerce businesses are
employed in online shopping websites, fund transfers, stock management
systems, data collections and many more. In India, e-commerce websites have
gained massive success through online shopping. Other websites which facilitate
cab-booking, events-searching and trip-planning for customers have also
experienced accelerated growth.

Online retail stores

Flipkart, Snapdeal, Jabong, Koovs, Craftsvilla, Limeroad are all online websites
which are headquartered in India. The prime reason due to which these websites are
a success is because of the cash on delivery system, which allows customer an easy
payment method.

Cab services
The biggest cab service company in India is the Ola services. Spread across the
country, this website provides the first ride up to Rs100 free of cost for its
customers. Their services are quick and safe. After the success of Ola, local cab
and auto services in different cities havealso begun.

Other startups
Startups like Saavn, Makemytrip, Zomato, nhance are all applications which make
the life of commoners easy. Saavn is an app where one can download and upload
songs, makemytrip helps in planning trips to various places around the world,
Zomato searches for good eating joints around the locality you live in and you can
even rate it yourself and nhance is an application which helps people to prepare
themselves for business interviews and exams by bringing news related to that field
from around the world to one platform.
2.2: NATIONAL SCENARIO

1: FLIPKART
Every Indian living in metro cities has heard the name of Flipkart. They have
viewed it, browsed it and ordered from it. Flipkart initially began as an online
bookstore. In today’s age it is the go to place for the Indian youth to find books on
topics ranging from fiction to sports to even high end scientific research.
Flipkart will not leave you disappointed. It now covers a range of products from
every area of life. In a very short span of time Flipkart has become the answer for
everything.
It was the brainchild of Binny and Sachin Bansal; both of whom began with an
investment of 4 lakhs and currently own a company that stands to make an
increased profit of $1 billion by the end of 2014. The story of Flipkart is a stuff of
legends.
The candle of Flipkart lit when Binny and Sachin were working in Amazon and
thought of investing in their own start-up. There growth and success has been an
inspiration for many other start-ups that quickly lined up to enter the world of e-
commerce.

2. Snapdeal
Snapdeal began its journey in the year 2007 as an online coupon directory. With
time it shifted its course and tried its hand at e-commerce. And the rest they say is
history. Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal were both tired of the boring day to day
existence that they lead as company employees. They shifted their focus towards
creating something of their own.
Today, they believe that leaving their jobs was the best decision of their lives. They
have a customer base of over 20 million Indians and do business with over 50,000
sellers who constantly post their products on their marketplace.
The story of Snapdeal is not a one day success story. In their four year experience,
they have gambled with 6 different business models until they finally hit the
jackpot that is currently set to generate annual revenue of $1 billion.
Snapdeal was a better business model unlike other Groupon clones in India because
Snapdeal entered the internet with the backing of 50,000 merchants with whom
they were already working before they created their website. Therefore, when
Snapdeal came to India, it came with a level of variety that none of its competitors
could wish to reach. Snapdeal is right neck to neck with Flipkart in terms of e-
commerce competition, it is hard to decide which store will reach the finish line
first.

3. Jabong
Jabong is currently India’s most sought for branded clothing and accessories store.
Unlike Flipkart and Snapdeal, the business model of Jabong was slightly different.
It aims at capturing the brand conscious internet savvy population of India and has
successfully done so.
Jabong is currently the premium destination for Indians to look for branded wear. It
began pretty late in the year 2012, when its competitors had already set up a strong
foothold in the arena. They were different from other e-commerce stores because of
their streamlined deliveryprocess.
Although, Jabong is half the age of its competitors, it is estimated to yield a profit of over
$700 million.
While, Flipkart was the first in the e-commerce market to create a clutter free
interface that became an instant favorite, Jabong grabbed a hold of their attention
with its unending catalog. No matter what your age, Jabong has everything for
everyone. Their aggressive marketingstrategies made them hit a huge online client
base, all of whom responded with equalenthusiasm. Jabong’s super fast delivery
process has helped in making a space for this websiteon the e-commerce red carpet.

4. Myntra
When it came to size, Myntra was a pretty small fish in a sea full of e-commerce
sharks like Jabong and Flipkart. But, Myntra was a persistent fish nonetheless.
Mukesh Bansal is the mastermind behind Myntra. He is an exceptionally smart and
honest entrepreneur. From a personalized gifting store to one of the leading online
fashion stores, Myntra is always beating heads with Jabong.
Its acquisition by Flipkart is a high remark for this ambitious website. Its
innovative step up in selling sports merchandise and many other small moves
separated Myntra from other low scale e-commerce stores that are still little fishes
while Myntra has only grown bigger with time.
Mukesh Bansal’s long-term vision and his eye for the right investors helped him
scale Myntra and make it a nationally recognized brand in a span of three years.
So much so, that Flipkart came out of its way to woo Myntra and acquire it for its
own; a great story for Mukesh Bansal to tell his kids.

5. Firstcry
Many may be shocked to see how Firstcry made this list. It is a website that has a
niche marketing base of infants and new born mothers this is a website that has an
answer to everything.
From cradles to infant clothes, they have just about everything. It is a one stop spot
to get the complete parenting kit. Firstcry gained its popularity from Facebook.
With over 10,000 likes it is surely a well-loved website that has regular sales and
offers everything from high end to even affordable products.
Founded in the year 2010 by Maheshwari and Amitava Saha, Firstcry has over
70,000 products and is a marketplace for over 400+ national and international
brands. When it comes to niche shopping stores, Firstcry has really made a name
for itself.
This website is currently competing with the likes of other e-commerce websites
like Babyoye. But it is only a matter of time before it beats its competition and
makes itself the go to place for pregnancy and maternal care products.

6. Ola
Every Indian living in metropolitan cities has heard the name ‘Ola’. Or, probably have booked
a cab from it. Initially started as an online cab aggregator, Ola is one of the fastest
growing businesses in India that has expanded itself to numerous ranges i.e., Ola
rentals, Ola auto, Ola café, and now even ‘Trip with Ola’. In a short span of time,
Ola has become the answer to every ride.
Ola was the brainchild of a 29-year-old, IIT Bombay Graduate, Bhavish
Aggarwal, who once happened to rent a car and deal with a bad experience, where
the car driver stopped in the middle road to re-negotiate the deal. And, when
Bhavish refused to agree, the driver proceeded to abandon him en route to his
destination. Well! The entrepreneur-head, instead of whining about the situation,
decided to solve it well, and at large! Currently, the company’s valuation is
$3.5 Billion.
7. Make My Trip
Make My trip or MMT is a child of the quintessential brain of Deep Kalra, an IIM graduate,
who quit his corporate job to enhance a good travel experience? Being a part of an
average Indian family, Deep was surely aware of the hassle that travel includes, in
India. As once, while travelling with his wife, he had to stand a poor
accommodation. At the same time, he was also observing the power of the internet
expanding day-by-day & things changing around it. Deep understood the needs of
India travelers and provided them with exactly ‘what they want’ by wearing the
customer’s hat.
In 2000, with a backing of USD 2-Million from eVentures, MMT (earlier known as
India Ahoy) the ecommerce startups were found. Since then, getting listed on the
International Stock Exchange and with more than $900 million caps at NASDAQ,
MMT has been a game changer in the travel segment.

8. Paytm
Two words that come while shopping to almost every Indian mind are “Paytm
karo.” Launched in 2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma, a graduate from Delhi
College of EngineeringPaytm has brought a paradigm shift in the retail
industry by completely transforming thepayment methodology electronically. It
was a dream dreamt when Vijay was struggling to make ends meet with 10
rupees in the pocket. Always struggling with his hand in English, hequit his first
job at an MNC, began a new business but was unfortunately conned off.
The ‘eureka’ moment came in 2011 when he first pitched the ecommerce startups
idea of entering the payment ecosystem in front of his board of One97 (the parent
company of Paytm). Initially started as an online mobile recharge and bill payment
platform, it now enables to make every kind of transaction on a click of a button.
In just a span of 8 years, Paytm has notched up 250 million registered users and 7
million transactions daily.
2.3: INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO

1. Amazon, Inc. – The King of eCommerce

Not surprisingly, we start the list of the largest eCommerce companies in the world
with Amazon and its empire.
Founded in 1994 in Seattle by now immortal Jeff Bezos, Amazon has in the years
since become a household name when it comes to online shopping. This
internet company todayhas the largest revenue in the world, but its beginnings
were humble. It was initially not more than an online bookstore. Take a look at
this interview with Jeff Bezos from 1999 and see how unpredictable things were
back then.

2. Jingdong – Chinese eCommerce

Many of us living in a western world didn’t even heard of this eCommerce giant!
The second on our list of the largest eCommerce companies in the world is
Jingdong, also known as JD.com.
This e-Commerce company operating from Beijing is the first of three major
Chinese companies we list here. Rivaled by the more popular Alibaba, Jingdong
has well over quarter of a billion registered users as of 2018. It was founded in
1998 and started trading online six years later. Today, the company brandishes its
high tech delivery system, comprised of robots, AI, and a fleet of drones.

3. Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. – Chinese

eCommerce Dragon
If you are buying stuff on the Internet, there’s a significant chance that you bought something
from AliExpress or Alibaba. This Chinese mega company comes third on the list of
the largest e-Commerce companies in the world! Few people haven’t heard of Jack
Ma’s success story. The Chinese business magnate’s life is a riches-to-rags story.
Having been rejected from more than 30 job posts in the early 1990s, he started
making websites for companies with his wife and a friend. The business grew
exponentially and in the year 1999, Alibaba Group was founded, the world’s
largest retailer ofpresent-day, operating in more than 200 countries.
4. eBay Inc. – The eCommerce Company That Once
Sold aWhole Town
The eBay’s beloved red-blue-green-yellow logo is for many a symbol of the 1990s and for a
good reason. It was one of the first successful dot-com bubble companies that
epitomized online shopping. The company was founded in San Hose, California in
1995 and its most distinctive feature is the online auction feature, alongside a
conventional buy-it-now shoppingoption.
With the revenue of almost $11B in 2018, eBay comes fourth on the list of the
largest e- Commerce companies in the world.

5. Groupon – E- Commerce that Connects Users with

LocalBusinesses
This American eCommerce marketplace launched in Chicago in 2008 reshaped the concept
of group discount online shopping. It connects its subscribers to local businesses in
one of 500 cities worldwide. The principle is simple: users get a discount and
business owners increase the revenue; it’s a win-win situation.

6. Zalando – Largest European eCommerce Company

Surprisingly enough, this the first European company on the list of the largest e-
Commerce companies in the world.
Zalando’s headquarters are in Berlin and they predominantly have online
stores that sell fashion items, such as apparel and shoes. Their logo resembles an
orange guitar pick.

7. Rakuten, Inc. – Japanese eCommerce Godzilla

After a brief spell of American companies, we return to the Far
East. Rakuten is a Japanese eCommerce company launched in 1997. They
operate Japan’s largest online bank, in addition to online shopping and credit
card payments. In all, Rakuten Group runs some 70 businesses, ranging from
widely used instant messaging app Viber (as 2017 officiallyknown as Rakuten
Viber) to having their logo on FC Barcelona’s jerseys.
 CHAPTER3:
FACTS ABOUT
GLOBAL E-
COMMERCE &
BUSINESS
FACTS ABOUT GLOBAL E-COMMERCE &
BUSINESS
1. Total World-wide E-commerce sales
Figure 1:

Source: https://kinsta.com/blog/ecommerce-statistics

Figure 1: Data Finding & Analysis

Even with limited capital, it’s easy to set up a business nowadays thanks to
ecommerce growth. With consumers increasingly relying on online shopping — it
is estimated that 95 % of purchases will be made online by 2040 — ecommerce is
opening the doors of opportunity to countless entrepreneurs.

And, those ecommerce sales opportunities are rapidly growing. In 2017,

ecommerce was responsible for $2.3 trillion in sales, which is expected to nearly
double to $4.5 trillion by 2021. In the U.S. alone, online shopping already accounts
for 10% of retail sales and is expected to grow at a year-on-year rate of 15%.
 2. Mobile E-commerce is up and Poised for Further
Growth
Figure 2:

Source: Statista

Figure 2: Data Finding & Analysis

Worldwide, e-commerce growth is primarily being driven by consumers using
their mobile devices, phones and tablets, to acquire goods and services. According
to eMarketer estimates, retail e-commerce sales reached $2.3 trillion in 2017, a
23.2 percent increase over the previous year. The mobile share of this stood at
58.9 percent, or $1.4 trillion. In 2021, mobile e-commerce could rake in some $3.5
trillion and then make up almost three quarters (72.9 percent) of e-commerce
sales.
 3. E-commerce Market Share:

Figure 3:

Source: https://kinsta.com/blog/ecommerce-statistics.

Figure 3: Data Finding & Analysis

Though the United States is often thought of as the largest market for ecommerce, it isn’t.
However, it does make the list of the top 10 largest ecommerce markets in the world:
• China: $672 billion
• USA: $340 billion
• United Kingdom: $99 billion
• Japan: $79 billion
• Germany: $73 billion
• France: $43 billion
• South Korea: $37 billion
• Canada: $30 billion
• Russia: $20 billion
• Brazil: $19 billion.
 4. Payment Methods:
Figure 4:

Source: Statista

Figure 4: Data Finding & Analysis

Payment method aside, more Americans already prefer online shopping than
shopping in a physical store, with 51% percent clicking their way to making
purchases. A total of 96% of Americans have made at least one online purchase in
their life, with 80% doing so in the last month alone. However, Americans actually
spend 64% of their budget in physical stores and only 36% online.
 5. Five Value Delivery Methods for Ecommerce
Innovation
If your business model is the car, then your value delivery method is the engine.
This is the fun part — where you find your edge. How will you compete and
create an ecommerce business worth sharing? Here are a few of the popular
approaches taken by industry-leaders and market disruptors.

 D2C – Direct to consumer.

By cutting out the middleman, a new generation of consumer brands have built
loyal followings with rapid growth. Online retailers like Warby Parker and Casper
set the standard for vertical disruption, but brands like Glossier are showing us
how D2C can continue to be an area for innovation and growth.

 White label and private label.

To “white label” is to apply your name and brand to a generic product purchased
from a distributor. In private labeling, a retailer hires a manufacturer to create a
unique product for them to sell exclusively. With private labeling and white
labeling, you can stay lean on your investments in design and production and look
for an edge in technology and marketing.

 Wholesaling.
In a wholesaling approach, a retailer offers its product in bulk at a discount.
Wholesaling is traditionally a B2B practice, but many retailers have offered it to
budgetconscious consumers in a B2C context.

 Dropshipping.
One of the fastest growing methods of ecommerce is dropshipping.
Typically, dropshippers market and sell items fulfilled by a third party supplier,
like AliExpress or Printful. Dropshippers act as a middle man by connecting
buyers to manufacturers. Easy-to-use tools allow BigCommerce users to integrate
inventory from suppliers around the world for their storefronts.

 Subscription service.
As early as the 1600s, publishing companies in England used a subscription model
to deliver books monthly to their loyal customers. With ecommerce, businesses
are going beyond periodicals and fruit of the month clubs. Today, virtually every
industry has seen the arrival of subscription services to bring convenience and
savings to customers.
 ANALYSIS
The Covid19 pandemic also known as the coronavirus pandemic emerged in
Wuhan of China and was given an account of to the WHO (World Health
Organization) on 31st December 2019. On 30th January 2020, Public Health
Emergency was announced as a global concern. Covid-19 name was given to this
disease on 11th February 2020. This disease plays with the immunity of the
human beings, Low immunity individuals are directly affected by this.The
pandemic of Covid-19 is a major pitfall not only for the human’s health or life or
the economic conditions but also on the overall structured society which is not to
be changed to an another extend now. Various new things are introduced during
this pandemic some of which were there before but still were unknown which now
have developed a new scenario. The National Emergency have not spare anyone
each and every sector, each and every section is being affected by it whether rich
or poor. One of the sectors being affected is the E-Commerce. The Transactions of
Buying and Selling that is the business transaction via the route of internet led to
the evolution of E-Commerce or broadly as Electronic Commerce. E-Commerce
involves dealing with all sort of goods and services over the internet. It is also
known as the Internet Commerce because of the way of its functioning online. The
taste, preferences, demand, needs of the consumers are now being shifted from
luxury to the basic ones, from the ones with the most comfort to the ones with the
need of just survival. All this had call for the economizing of all the resources of
the economy. There is a rise in the trust and demand for the E-Commerce
industries in order to be safe, secure and main motive of survival led to this
increase. Understanding of the change in the consumers perspective towards the E-
Commerce is really important not only for the businesses to increase their market
share but this time also for the social well-being. The Coronavirus disease led to
the social distancing which is why the traditional way of shopping is being
neglected in this phase. As going to a crowded place for shopping 11 can make
you purchase Covid-19 people avoid going that way rather prefer the convenient
and safer option of online shopping.
 This paper used a survey of 67 people on their perspective as a consumer involved
in online shopping. 9 Questions were asked to them for a clearer picture of the
viewpoint changes of consumer during the pandemic of covid-19 towards E-
Commerce. The Thought process of the world is now changed with the covid19
pandemic which also bought a change in the lifestyle of people as they are trying
to adjust with the new normal and all this led to give a push to E-Commerce
industry as well. Covid19 provided E-Commerce with a new environment so as to
expand their footprints with quite a few challenges to overcome like productivity
or the supply chain effectiveness. Social distancing gave a positive impact on the
E-commerce industries growth. The following Table 1 shows the revenue earned
by the companies in the Quarter 1 of the previous and current year that is 2019 and
2020 has witness an increase even though the economy is facing a downfall.

The paper studied the perspective of 67 people out of which 70.1% are females and
29.9% males. 11.9% people are below the age of 20 years, 41.8% between 20-30 years,
28.4% between 30-40 years and 17.9% are above 40 years. The survey had 17.9%
Respondents of business class, 20.9% of service sector, 44.8% students and 16.4%
home makers. According to the family income of the respondents 1.5% had below 10k,
10.4% between 10k-20k, 16.4% between 20k-30k, 22.4% between 30k-40k and 49.3%
above 40k. The following Table 2 shows the first two questions asked to the respondents
according to which 73.1% people prefer online shopping and 46.3% people faced problems
while shopping online during covid19.
 Road Ahead

The E-commerce industry has been directly impacting micro, small & medium
enterprises (MSME) in India by providing means of financing, technology and
training and has a favourable cascading effect on other industries as well. Indian
E-commerce industry has been on an upward growth trajectory and is expected to
surpass the US to become the second largest E-commerce market in the world by
2034. Technology enabled innovations like digital payments, hyper-local logistics,
analytics driven customer engagement and digital advertisements will likely
support the growth in the sector. The growth in E-commerce sector will also boost
employment, increase revenues from export, increase tax collection by ex-
chequers, and provide better products and services to customers in the long-term.
Rise in smartphone usage is expected to rise 84% to reach 859 million by 2022.
E-retail market is expected to continue its strong growth - it registered a CAGR of
over 35% to reach Rs. 1.8 trillion (US$ 25.75 billion) in FY20. Over the next five
years, the Indian e-retail industry is projected to exceed ~300-350 million
shoppers, propelling the online Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) to US$ 100-120
billion by 2025. According to Bain & Company report, India’s social commerce
gross merchandise value (GMV) stood at ~US$ 2 billion in 2020. By 2025, it is
expected to reach US$ 20 billion, with a potentially monumental jump to US$ 70
billion by 2030, owing to high mobile usage.
 CHAPTER 4:

CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
The world revolves around the internet today. E-commerce is a great forum for startups
to establish themselves. In a country like India, e-commerce plays an important role
because it needs minimal or no investment and all one needs is an idea to begin an
online store. The unemployed youth of India have a great advantage to make use of
through the electronic commerce platform.

E-commerce still represents one of the business methods that take advantage if done the
right way, even if the stock market and commodities fell, but E-Commerce still able to
survive and receive high transaction. E-commerce has a tremendous opportunity in the
course of or business in Malaysia. In addition, it is also to introducing new techniques
and styles in a transaction. Use the extensive E-Commerce in the Internet world is
actually much better to bring the goodness of the individual or the state.

E-Commerce has undeniably become an important part of our society. The successful
companies of the future will be those that take E-Commerce seriously, dedicating
sufficient resources to its development. E-Commerce is not an IT issue but a whole
business undertaking. Companies that use it as a reason for completely re-designing
their business processes are likely to reap the greatest benefits. Moreover, E-Commerce
is a helpful technology that gives the consumer access to business and companies all
over the world.
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations for successful E-Commerce are as follows:

(a) Displaying a list of suggested products based on the visitor’s browsing history

(b) Use product recommendation engines to personalize your email campaigns.

(c) Providing access to the shopper’s browsing history

(d) Alert viewers of products that have been updated

(e) Personalize recommendations by showing items related to previous purchases

(f) Feature best-selling items for each brand

(g) Generate product bundles (items frequently purchased together) and offer a
special discount for purchasing the group.

(h) Don’t limit references to best-selling items to one product or brand. show best-
sellers across entire product categories.

(i) Make sure all recommendations are relevant and timely. they should also be
informed by returns and reviews.

(j) Adjust your recommendations to keep popular products highlighted and to

provide additional viewing opportunities for lower-selling items (20 percent of
your items will provide 80 percent of your sales).

(k) Show highest rated items in product recommendations. Try injecting some social
proof into your product recommendations by displaying items that have the
highest customer reviews.

(l) Know your visitors. the more personalization you can add, the better your
results. (m)Provide product recommendations when items added to the cart
require accessories (fishing reels need fishing line, flashlights need batteries,
shoes often require socks).

(m) Use product recommendations for moving the buyer up to a more fully-featured
version of the one currently being browsed (upselling).

(n) Use product recommendations to remind the shopper about upcoming holidays
or other special events.
 CHAPTER 5:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Global Electronic Commerce: Theory and Cases, by Chris Westland and

Ted Clark, MIT Press, 1999.
2. E-Business - Roadmap for Success, by Ravi Kalakota and Marcia
Robinson, Addison- Wesley Publishing Company, Inc,. 1999
3. Electronic Commerce - A Manager's Guide, by Ravi Kalakota and
Andrew B. Whinston, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1997
4. Statista

WEBLIOGRAPHY
5. www.flipkart.com
6. www.yahoo.com (links and search data)
7. https://kinsta.com/blog/ecommerce-statistics
8. Statista