Guide to the 2022 Cooperative Election Study

Data Release No. 21

Stephen Ansolabehere, co-PI

Harvard University

Brian Schaffner, co-PI

Tufts University

Marissa Shih, co-PI

YouGov

August 2023

The 2022 Cooperative Election Study was supported by the National Science Foundation
Award # 2148907.

1
Data Release 1 occurred on March 20, 2023, and corresponds to the 2022 CES Common Content. Data
Release 2 occurred on September 8, 2023 and corresponds to the 2022 CES Common Content with vote
validation appended.
CONTENTS

Contents

Acknowledgments 3

Referencing the Study 5

Part I 6
Introduction 6

State Sample Sizes 8

Table of AAPOR Response Rates 10

Part II 13
Sampling Methodology 13
Sampling and Sample Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Theoretical Background for Sample Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Sampling Frame and Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Accuracy of the CES Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Vote Validation 19
A Warning about Analyzing Subsamples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Related Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Breakdown of National Vote for U.S. House (CES validated voters) . . . . . . . . 24

Part III 26
Common Content 26

2
CONTENTS

Acknowledgments
This project is the collaborative effort of 62 research teams and organizations. Individual
teams had their own principal investigators and research groups and designed their own team
surveys. The teams and their Principal Investigators are:

Table 1: Teams and Principal Investigators

Team Principal Investigator

American University David Barker
Arizona State University Mark Ramirez
Michael Hartney
Boston College
Renu Mukherjee
Chris Karpowitz
Brigham Young University
Jeremy Pope
Claremont Graduate University Carlos Algara
Occidental Isaac Hale
University of Colorado Anand Sokhey
Dartmouth College Mia Costa
Dartmouth College Jason Barabas
University of Delaware Joanne Miller
University of Delaware Phil Jones
Duke Sunshine Hillygus
Bernard Fraga
Emory University
Kevin Sparrow
Matthew Pietryka
Florida State University
Brad Gomez
Georgetown Elizabeth Saunders
Geoff Sheagley
University of Georgia Stephen Nicholson
Jamie Carson
George Washington University Danny Hayes
Harvard Steve Ansolabehere
Maya Sen
Harvard
Benjamin Schneer
Harvard Steve Ansolabehere
University of Konstanz Kattalina Berriochoa
Ted Carmines
Indiana University
Chris DeSante
University of Iowa Caroline Tolbert
Louisiana State University Joshua Darr
Continued on next page

3
CONTENTS

Table 1 – continued from previous page

Team Principal Investigator
LSU Nathan Kalmoe
Johns Hopkins Lily Mason
Casey Klofstad
University of Miami
Joe Uscinski
Don Kinder
University of Michigan
Josh Thorp
Michigan State University Jenny Wolak
University of Missouri Jeff Milyo
University of Missouri Jake Haselswerdt
University of Missouri - St. Louis David Kimball
MIT Charles Stewart
National Cheng Kung University Ching-Hsing Wang
Notre Dame Matthew Hall
New York University Ian Shapiro
New York University Pat Egan
Ohio State University William Minozzi
University of Oklahoma Michael Crespin
University of Oklahoma John Kuk
Paul Gronke
Paul Manson
Reed College
Michelle Shafer
Abby Durrant
Rutgers Richard Lau
University of South Carolina Katelyn Stauffer
Temple Alexandra Guisinger
Binghampton Katja Kleinberg
University of Texas David Leal
University of Texas Daron Shaw
Texas A&M Kirby Goidel
Kevin Banda
Texas Tech University
Joel Sievert
Tufts Brian Schaffner
University of California Merced Christopher Ojeda
University of California Riverside Dan Biggers
UCLA Gary Segura
UCLA Mark Peterson
University of Massachusetts Tatishe Nteta
UMass Tatishe Nteta
CSU Long Beach Kevin Wallsten
Continued on next page

4
CONTENTS

Table 1 – continued from previous page

Team Principal Investigator
University of Massachusetts Boston Tyson King Meadows
Jaclyn Piatak
University of North Carolina - Charlotte
Jacqueline Chattopadhyay
University of North Carolina - Wilmington Nadine Gibson
University of Texas Dallas Marianne Stewart
Vanderbilt University John Sides
Justin Kirkland
University of Virginia
Nick Winter
Washington University St. Louis Betsy Sinclair
Washington University St. Louis Dan Butler
Kathy Dolan
University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Patrick Kraft
Yale Milan Svolik

Stephen Ansolabehere, Brian Schaffner and Marissa Shih served as Principal Investigators.
All teams contributed to the Common Content; Stephen Ansolabehere and Brian Schaffner
coordinated the development of the Common Content questionnaire. Thanks to Rebecca
Phillips, Caitlin Collins, Reagan Bijou, Nour Abboud Frank, Sara Sermarini, Vikrant Vartak,
Angie Wang, Roger Miao, Robert Iwamiya, Yuanyuan Xie, Danny Morgan, and Ed Aragon
for their work organizing, preparing, and processing the surveys.
The Institute for Quantitative Study of the Social Sciences and the Dean of the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences at Harvard provided essential research support for this project, as did each
of the universities and research organizations sponsoring a team.

Referencing the Study

For research that uses the Common Content:
Schaffner, Brian; Ansolabehere, Stephen; Shih, Marissa, 2023, “Cooperative Elec-
tion Study Common Content, 2022”, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PR4L8P, Har-
vard Dataverse, V2
As individual teams use their datasets for publication and make their datasets available,
referencing the team content will follow the same protocol:
[Name of Team Principal Investigator], COOPERATIVE ELECTION STUDY,
2022: [TEAM NAME] CONTENT. [Computer File] Release: [Date]. [Location
of Team]. [producer] http://cces.gov.harvard.edu

5
Part I
Introduction
The Cooperative Election Study, or CES, seeks to study how Americans view and hold their
representatives accountable during elections, how they voted and their electoral experiences,
and how their behavior and experiences vary with political geography and social context.
This study constructed a very large sample capable of capturing variation across a wide
variety of legislative constituencies. In fact, the state-level samples are sufficiently large as
to measure with a reasonable degree of precision the distribution of voters’ preferences within
most states.
The 2022 CES involved 60 teams, yielding a Common Content sample of 60,000 cases.
The subjects for this study were recruited during the fall of 2022. Each research team
purchased a 1,000 person national sample survey, conducted by YouGov of Redwood City,
CA. Interviews for the 2022 survey were conducted in two waves. The pre-election wave of
the questionnaire was in the field from September 29 to November 8; the post-election wave
was in the field from November 10 to December 15. For each survey of 1,000 persons, half
of the questionnaire was developed and controlled entirely by each individual research team,
and half of the questionnaire is devoted to Common Content. The Common Content consists
of the questions common to all team modules and has a sample size equal to the total sample
size of all team modules combined. Each of the 60 teams purchased 1,000 person surveys. All
cases were selected through the Internet and YouGov constructed matched random samples
for this study.
Data Release 1 occurred on March 20, 2023. Data for this study is archived and avail-
able at the Harvard University Dataverse. Data Release 2 includes vote validation for all
respondents.
The 2022 CES is part of an on-going study. The Cooperative Congressional Election Study
formed in 2006 to study congressional elections and representation using very large scale
national surveys, building off of the 2005 MIT Public Opinion Research and Training Lab
(PORTL) study. The CCES has been conducted in every year since 2006 and has received
support from the National Science Foundation for all even-year surveys from 2010 onward.
A cumulative dataset that accumulates all responses from 2006 can be found on the Har-
vard University Dataverse as well. In 2020, the CCES was re-named and is now called the
Cooperative Election Study (CES).
This guide describes the methodology behind the overall study and the measures and vari-
ables developed for the Common Content of the 2022 study. There are five parts to the
2022 CES Common Content – sample identifiers (including state and congressional district),
profile questions (largely demographic), pre-election questions, post-election questions, and
contextual data (including candidate names and parties, election results, and roll call votes).
This codebook provides question wordings, values, and frequencies presented for the vari-
ables in the 2022 Common Content dataset. Each Team Module has its own dataset and

6
codebook, which will be posted to the Dataverse by August, 2024.
The criteria for inclusion of a question in the Common Content were three-fold. First, what
questions would naturally be of interest to scholars researching Congress, representation, and
elections? Items such as approval of Congress, approval of the individual Senator or House
Member, Partisanship, Ideology, views on the economy and war, and voting behavior, as well
as demographic characteristics of voters fall into this category. Second, what questions did a
large number of teams want to include in the study? For example, a number of research teams
expressed interests in studying roll call voting behavior of members of Congress. Another
cluster of teams wanted a more extensive battery of questions on religion, which led the CES
to expand beyond the usual questions asked by the ANES. Third, what phenomena can only
be measured with a large survey? The very large sample for the Common Content provides
the opportunity to study legislative constituencies – states and congressional districts – as
well as voters within those constituencies, to study very rare or low frequency events or
very small populations, and to measure with fairly high accuracy interactions. An example
of content included in the common for this reason is the battery of questions on problems
encountered when voting. Such problems occur at the frequency of about 2 or 3 percent, are
enough to present voting rights issues, but too small to be measured in standard surveys.

7
State Sample Sizes
Table 2: State Sample Sizes

State FIPS Cases

Alabama 1 941
Alaska 2 135
Arizona 4 1,625
Arkansas 5 546
California 6 4,933
Colorado 8 1,042
Connecticut 9 597
Delaware 10 223
District of Columbia 11 165
Florida 12 4,426
Georgia 13 1,988
Hawaii 15 208
Idaho 16 304
Illinois 17 2,231
Indiana 18 1,282
Iowa 19 595
Kansas 20 463
Kentucky 21 946
Louisiana 22 717
Maine 23 323
Maryland 24 1,018
Massachusetts 25 1,096
Michigan 26 1,953
Minnesota 27 993
Mississippi 28 482
Missouri 29 1,297
Montana 30 224
Nebraska 31 347
Nevada 32 758
New Hampshire 33 286
New Jersey 34 1,573
New Mexico 35 415
New York 36 3,718
North Carolina 37 1,993
North Dakota 38 129
Ohio 39 2,515
Oklahoma 40 686
Oregon 41 970
Continued on next page

8
Table 2 – continued from previous page
State FIPS Cases
Pennsylvania 42 3,106
Rhode Island 44 197
South Carolina 45 978
South Dakota 46 171
Tennessee 47 1,312
Texas 48 4,750
Utah 49 503
Vermont 50 112
Virginia 51 1,646
Washington 53 1,275
West Virginia 54 458
Wisconsin 55 1,253
Wyoming 56 96

9
AAPOR Outcome Rate Calculator
(Internet/specifically named persons)
Version 4.1, March 2018
2022 CES
Interview (Category 1)
Complete (all versions) 64957
Partial (all versions) 10771

Eligible, non-interview (Category 2)

Refusal (phone, IPHH, mail, web) 3102
Household-level refusal (phone, IPHH, mail, web)
Known-respondent refusal (phone, IPHH, mail, web)
Logged on to survey, did not complete any item (web)
Read receipt confirmation, refusal (web)
Break off/ Implicit refusal (phone, mail, web, mail_U)

Non-contact (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail_U)

Respondent unavailable during field period (web)
Completed questionnaire, but not returned during field period (mail, web, mail_U)

Other, non-refusals (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail_U)

Unknown eligibility, non-interview (Category 3)

Unknown if housing unit/unknown about address (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail_U)
Not attempted or worked/not mailed/No invitation sent (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail)U)
Always busy (phone)
No answer (phone)
Answering machine-don't know if household (phone)
Call blocking (phone)
Technical phone problems (phone)
Unclear if HH (phone)
Unable to reach/unsafe area (IPHH)
Unable to locate address (IPHH)
Nothing returned (mail, web, mail_U) 57676

Housing unit, unknown if eligible respondent (phone, IPHH, mail, mail_U)

No screener completed (phone, IPHH, mail, mail_U)
USPS: Refused by addressee (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Refused to accept (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Refused to pay postage (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Returned to sender due to various USPS violations by addressee (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Cannot be delivered (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Illegible address (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Insufficient address on mail from one P.O to another P.O. (mail, mail_U)
USPS: No mail receptacle (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Delivery suspended to commercial mailing agency (mail)

Unknown if person is a HH resident/ mail returned undelivered (phone, mail, web, mail_U)
USPS: Undeliverable as addressed (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Attempted -- Addressee not known at place of address (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Postal box closed (mail, mail_U)
No such address (mail, mail_U)
USPS: No such number (mail, mail_U)
USPS: No such post office in state (mail, mail_U)
USPS: No such street (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Vacant (mail, mail_U)
Not delivered as addressed (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Unable to forward, no deliverable as addressed (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Outside delivery limits (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Returned for better address (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Moved, left no address (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Returned for postage (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Temporarily away, holding period expired (mail, mail_U)
USPS: Unclaimed -- failure to call for held mail (mail, mail_U)
USPS: No one signed (mail, mail_U)

Returned with forwarding information (mail, web, mail_U)

Returned unopened -- address correction provided (mail, mail_U)
Returned opened -- address correction provided (mail, mail_U)

USPS: In dispute about which party has rights to deliver (mail, mail_U)

Other (phone, IPHH, web)

Returned from an unsampled email address (web)

Not eligible (Category 4)

Out of sample - other strata than originally coded (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail_U) 3017

Not eligible - duplicate listing (phone, IPHH, mail, web, mail_U)

Other

Total sample used 139523

I=Complete Interviews (1.1) 64957

P=Partial Interviews (1.2) 10771
R=Refusal and break off (2.1) 3102
NC=Non Contact (2.2) 0
O=Other (2.0, 2.3) 0

Calculating e:
e is the estimated proportion of cases of unknown eligibility that are eligible. Enter a different
value or accept the estimate in this line as a default. This estimate is based on the proportion of
eligible units among all units in the sample for which a definitive determination of status was
obtained (a conservative estimate). This will be used if you do not enter a different estimate. For
guidance about how to compute other estimates of e, see AAPOR's 2009 Eligibility Estimates. 0.963
UH=Unknown Household (3.1) 57676
UO=Unknown other (3.2-3.9) 0

Response Rate 1
I/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)) 0.476

Response Rate 2
 (I+P)/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)) 0.555

Response Rate 3
I/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+e(UH+UO)) 0.483

Response Rate 4
(I+P)/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+e(UH+UO)) 0.564

Cooperation Rate 1
I/((I+P)+R+O) 0.824

Cooperation Rate 2
(I+P)/((I+P)+R+O)) 0.961

Cooperation Rate 3
I/((I+P)+R) 0.824

Cooperation Rate 4
(I+P)/((I+P)+R) 0.961

Refusal Rate 1
R/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)) 0.023

Refusal Rate 2
R/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+e(UH+UO)) 0.023
Refusal Rate 3
R/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)) 0.039

Contact Rate 1
((I+P)+R+O)/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)) 0.577

Contact Rate 2
((I+P)+R+O)/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)+e(UH+UO)) 0.587

Contact Rate 3
((I+P)+R+O)/((I+P)+(R+NC+O)) 1.000
Part II
Sampling Methodology
The 2022 CES survey was conducted over the Internet by YouGov. The Common Con-
tent was asked of 60,000 adults interviewed in September-November 2022 (for pre-election
data), and in November-December 2022 (for post-election data). The sampling method uses
YouGov’s matched random sample methodology.

Sampling and Sample Matching

Sample matching is a methodology for selection of “representative” samples from non-randomly
selected pools of respondents. It is ideally suited for Web access panels, but could also be
used for other types of surveys, such as phone surveys. Sample matching starts with an
enumeration of the target population. For general population studies, the target population
is all adults, and can be enumerated through the use of the decennial Census or a high
quality survey, such as the American Community Survey. In other contexts, this is known
as the sampling frame, though, unlike conventional sampling, the sample is not drawn from
the frame. Traditional sampling, then, selects individuals from the sampling frame at ran-
dom for participation in the study. This may not be feasible or economical as the contact
information, especially email addresses, is not available for all individuals in the frame and
refusals to participate increase the costs of sampling in this way.
Sample selection using the matching methodology is a two-stage process. First, a random
sample is drawn from the target population. We call this sample the target sample.
Details on how the target sample is drawn are provided below, but the essential idea is
that this sample is a true probability sample and thus representative of the frame from
which it was drawn. However, YouGov is not able to contact these individuals directly.
Therefore, the second step is that for each member of the target sample, we select one or more
matching members from our pool of opt-in respondents. This is called the matched sample.
Matching is accomplished using a large set of variables that are available in consumer and
voter databases for both the target population and the opt-in panel.
The purpose of matching is to find an available respondent who is as similar as possible to
the selected member of the target sample. The result is a sample of respondents who have
the same measured characteristics as the target sample. Under certain conditions, described
below, the matched sample will have similar properties to a true random sample. That is,
the matched sample mimics the characteristics of the target sample. It is, as far as we can
tell, representative of the target population (because it is similar to the target sample).
When choosing the matched sample, it is necessary to find the closest matching respondent
in the panel of opt-ins to each member of the target sample. Various types of matching
could be employed: exact matching, propensity score matching, and proximity matching.
Exact matching is impossible if the set of characteristics used for matching is large and,
even for a small set of characteristics, requires a very large panel (to find an exact match).

13
Theoretical Background for Sample Matching

Propensity score matching has the disadvantage of requiring estimation of the propensity
score. Either a propensity score needs to be estimated for each individual study, so the
procedure is automatic, or a single propensity score must be estimated for all studies. If
large numbers of variables are used the estimated propensity scores can become unstable
and lead to poor samples.
YouGov employs the proximity matching method. For each variable used for matching,
we define a distance function, d(x, y), which describes how “close” the values x and y are
on a particular attribute. The overall distance between a member of the target sample
and a member of the panel is a weighted sum of the individual distance functions on each
attribute. The weights can be adjusted for each study based upon which variables are
thought to be important for that study, though, for the most part, we have not found the
matching procedure to be sensitive to small adjustments of the weights. A large weight, on
the other hand, forces the algorithm toward an exact match on that dimension.

Theoretical Background for Sample Matching

To understand better the sample matching methodology, it may be helpful to think of the
target sample as a simple random sample (SRS) from the target population. The SRS yields
unbiased estimates because the selection mechanism is unrelated to particular characteristics
of the population. The efficiency of the SRS can be improved by using stratified sampling
in place of simple random sampling. SRS is generally less efficient than stratified sampling
because the size of population subgroups varies in the target sample.
Stratified random sampling partitions the population into a set of categories that are be-
lieved to be more homogeneous than the overall population, called strata. For example, we
might divide the population into race, age, and gender categories. The cross-classification
of these three attributes divides the overall population into a set of mutually exclusive and
exhaustive groups or strata. Then an SRS is drawn from each category and the combined
set of respondents constitutes a stratified sample. If the number of respondents selected in
each strata is proportional to their frequency in the target population, then the sample is
self-representing and requires no additional weighting.
The intuition behind sample matching is analogous to stratified sampling: if respondents
who are similar on a large number of characteristics tend to be similar on other items for
which we lack data, then substituting one for the other should have little impact upon the
sample. This intuition can be made rigorous under certain assumptions.
Assumption 1: Ignorability. Panel participation is assumed to be ignorable with respect
to the variables measured by survey conditional upon the variables used for matching. What
this means is that if we examined panel participants and non-participants who have exactly
the same values of the matching variables, then on average there would be no difference
between how these sets of respondents answered the survey. This does not imply that panel
participants and non-participants are identical, but only that the differences are captured by
the variables used for matching. Since the set of data used for matching is quite extensive,
this is, in most cases, a plausible assumption.

14
Sampling Frame and Matching

Assumption 2: Smoothness. The expected value of the survey items given the variables
used for matching is a smooth function. Smoothness is a technical term meaning that the
function is continuously differentiable with bounded first derivative. In practice, this means
that that the expected value function does not have any kinks or jumps.
Assumption 3: Common Support. The variables used for matching need to have a
distribution that covers the same range of values for panelists and non-panelists. More
precisely, the probability distribution of the matching variables must be bounded away from
zero for panelists on the range of values (known as the support) taken by the non-panelists.
In practice, this excludes attempts to match on variables for which there are no possible
matches within the panel. For instance, it would be impossible to match on computer usage
because there are no panelists without some experience using computers.
Under Assumptions 1-3, it can be shown that if the panel is sufficiently large, then the
matched sample provides consistent estimates for survey measurements. The sampling vari-
ances will depend upon how close the matches are if the number of variables used for matching
is large.

Sampling Frame and Matching

YouGov employed a politically representative “modeled frame” of U.S. citizens. The sampling
frame is based upon the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) public use microdata file,
with modeled political variables, such as voter registration and 2020 Presidential vote, using
public voter file records, the 2020 Current Population Survey (CPS) Voting and Registration
supplements, the 2020 National Election Pool (NEP) exit poll, and the 2020 CES surveys.
The sample drawn for the CES were chosen from the YouGov Panel, along with the Dynata,
Disqo, Prodege, and Generation Lab panels using a six-way cross-classification (age × gender
× race × education × region × sample source). All respondents who completed the pre-
election survey were re-invited to the post-election survey. The final set of completed pre-
election interviews (numbering 80,233, after quality controls were applied) were then matched
to the target frame, using a weighted Euclidean distance metric conditioning on registration
status × age × race × gender × education.

Weighting
The sample is weighted to adjust for any remaining imbalance that exists among the matched
sample. Such imbalance results from the fact that the closest match for a particular indi-
vidual from the target sample is not necessarily a perfect match across all demographics.
The matched cases and the frame were combined and the combined cases were balanced on
multiple moment conditions using the politically representative citizen frame.
Weighting took place in two stages. First, for each team and the common content, the com-
pleted cases were weighted to the sampling frame using entropy balancing. The politically
representative citizen frame was used as the frame for weighting the common content and
the team samples. The CES sample was weighted to match the distributions of the frame

15
Using Weights

on gender, age, race, Hispanic origin, education level, and 2020 presidential vote choice and
turnout.
The moment conditions included age, gender, education, race, presidential vote, plus their
interactions. The resultant weights were then adjusted by iterative proportional fitting
(“raking”) on age, gender, education, race, “born again" status, voter registration status,
2020 Presidential vote choice, and some joint distributions of these as needed. Additionally,
for the common content, the sample was raked to be representative within state, and included
statewide political races (for governor and senator). Weights larger than 15 in the common
content were trimmed and the final weights normalized to equal sample size. The team data
weights were trimmed at 7.
A second set of weights was constructed after matching the survey to the TargetSmart voter-
file. Respondents for whom there was a validated voter registration record were weighted
using the same approach as described above, but this time to ensure that those individuals
were representative of registered voters (using the sample of registered voters in the politi-
cally representative frame). The vote validation weights take on a maximum value of 15 in
the common content dataset.

Using Weights
Note that the 2022 CES Common Content includes weights for both the Pre Election and
Post Election waves of the study. The weights are constructed to ensure that the sample is
representative of different populations – either adult Americans or adult Americans who are
registered to vote.

Variable name Respondent group Target population

commonweight All respondents Adults
commonpostweight Answered both waves Adults
vvweight Matched to validated registration record Registered adults
vvweight_post Answered both waves & matched to registration record Registered adults

We recommend the use of “commonweight” any time researchers wish to characterize the
opinions and behaviors of adult Americans. However, use “commonpostweight” when you
wish to characterize the opinions and behaviors of adult Americans but you are using any
items from the post-election wave of the questionnaire.
We recommend the use of “vvweight” or “vvweight_post” any time researchers wish to char-
acterize the opinions, behaviors, or traits of voters or registered voters. The “vv” stands for
“voter validated” and these weights are missing for all respondents who were not validated as
(active) registered voters. This approach differs from previous cycles when all respondents
received a value for “vvweight” and those weights were not designed solely for use with voters
or registered voters.
If seeking to characterize the opinions, behaviors, or traits of voters, use “vvweight” or
“vvweight_post” in conjunction with the vote validation variables.

16
Accuracy of the CES Sample

Accuracy of the CES Sample

The large sample of the CES allows us to validate the sampling by comparing the state level
samples within the survey with the actual election results.
Comparison of the CES with actual election results provides internal checks on the quality
of the sample and success of the weighting process. Specifically, we can aggregate (using
the weights vvweight_post in the 2022 study and limiting the analysis to validated vot-
ers using TS_g2022) to the state level questions on vote for U.S. Senator (CC22_411),
governor (CC22_413), and other statewide offices (CC22_414a, CC22_414b). The overall
relationship between Democratic share of the actual vote and Democratic share of the survey
reported vote is shown in the Figure 1. For example, we see the CES estimate of the two-
party vote for senate and governor along with 95% confidence intervals constructed using
standard errors to account for the sampling weights. For each state, the vote estimates falls
along the 45-degree line, indicating that the CES estimate of the vote share is very close to
the actual vote share for that state. This is by design as the vote for these offices is used to
calibrate the weights. The subsequent plots show the same relationships for Attorney Gen-
eral and Secretary of State (which are not used to calibrate the weights). In most cases, the
actual two-party vote share falls within the 95% confidence intervals for the CES estimates.
The difference between the Democratic percent of the two party vote for each office in the
sample and the actual results measures the error. That error is due to sampling and to bias.
The simple difference is the Democratic party bias, the squared error is the mean squared
error, and the square root of the MSE is a measure of the standard error. The average (across
states) MSE, Root MSE, and Democratic Bias for each office are shown in Table 3. The
Mean Squared Error is approximately the same size as the theoretically derived Sampling
Standard Error, indicating that there is no evidence of systematic bias or of inflation of the
precision of the estimates.
The square root of the Mean Squared Error is an alternative estimate of the standard error.
The usual estimate assumes that the only source of error comes from random sampling.
The variance of the error across surveys (in this case states) includes possible measurement
error, such as that caused by question wording, and sample biases, caused by non-response
or misreporting. Overall, the results from these analyses demonstrate that the CES is a
reliable source of data on voting at both the national and state level.

Table 3: Survey Accuracy in 2022 CES Sample for Statewide Offices

Average Root Average Expected
Error MSE Freq Std. Error
Office (Democrat Bias) (Std. Error) (Responses) (Avg. Sample)
U.S. Senate 0.06 2.42 724 2.48
Governor 0.40 2.74 671 2.75
State Attorney General 0.97 3.14 794 2.45
Secretary of State 0.70 4.43 549 2.88

17
Accuracy of the CES Sample

Figure 1: 2022 Estimates for Statewide Races compared with Actual Election Results

Note: All analyses use post-election responses for those with both (a) non-missing validated registered voter
weights (vvweight_post) and (b) a TargetSmart validated vote record.p Vertical bars show 95% confidence
intervals computed using the classic standard error formula, SE = p̂(1 − p̂)/neff , where p̂ is the weighted
proportion and neff is the sample size adjusted by the weights.

18
Vote Validation
Individual records were matched to the TargetSmart database of registered voters in the
United States. Matching was performed in August 2023. It should be noted that a record
may not be matched either because the individual is not registered to vote or because of
incomplete or inaccurate information that prevented a match. Matches are made only with
records for which there is a high level of confidence that the respondent is being assigned to
the correct record. However, even by setting a high threshold of confidence, there will still
be some false-positives which should be considered when using the validation records.
The validation variables are described here:
TS_voterstatus - Respondent’s voter registration status (if missing, no match was found
for the respondent). This reflects registration status at time of match, not necessarily for
date of 2022 election.
1. active
TS_g2022 - How respondent voted in 2022 general election (if missing, respondent was
unmatched to voter file)
1. absentee
2. early
3. mail
4. polling place
5. provisional
6. voted by unknown method
7. did not vote
TS_p2022 - How respondent voted in 2022 primary (if missing, respondent was unmatched
to voter file)
1. absentee
2. early
3. mail
4. polling place
5. provisional
6. voted by unknown method
7. did not vote
TS_p2022_party - Which party’s primary respondent voted in
1. dem
2. green
3. ind
4. libertarian
5. other
6. rep
TS_state - State in which respondent was matched to a vote record

19
Two-letter state codes used for this variable.
TS_partyreg - Party registration on file for respondent (missing in states without party
registration)
1. cons
2. dem
3. green
4. ind
5. libertarian
6. other
7. peace and freedom
8. rep
9. working fam
Among the CES 2022 records that were matched to the voter files (i.e., were registered),
approximately 81 percent were determined to have voted in the 2022 General Election and
49 percent were determined to have voted in the 2022 Primary Elections. If a person has
any non-missing value below 7 for TS_g2022, they have a validated vote record for that
election. If a person has any non-missing value below 7 for TS_p2022, they have a validated
vote record for that election. A missing value on these variables means that the respondent
was not matched to the voter file.
There are three possible ways to measure turnout in the 2022 CES using the validation vari-
ables. Two use only the “TS_g2022" vote validation variable while the third uses this vari-
able in conjunction with self-reported registration (votereg_post) and self-reported turnout
(CC22_401).
1. Un-matched as non-voters. The first specification defines voters as respondents
with a validated voting record no matter their mode of participation, and defines non-
voters as both matched non-voters and non-matched respondents. This specification
retains the integrity of the full CES sample, no missing values are created. The justi-
fication for this approach is the fact that the most common reason that TargetSmart
will not have a record for an individual is because that individual is not registered to
vote. Indeed, rates of self-reported non-registration and non-voting are much higher
among un-matched respondents than among those for whom there is a match.

2. Only matched non-voters as non-voters. The second specification defines non-

voters as only matched non-voters. This specification reduces the CES sample and
results in validated turnout estimates that are larger than those in the first specifica-
tion. However, this specification increases the level of certainty in the identification
of non-voters in the CES, because there could possibly be actual voters among non-
matched respondents.

3. Matched non-voters and self-reported non-voters as non-voters. The third

specification defines non-voters as (1) matched non-voters, (2) non-matched respon-

20
 dents who reported not being registered to vote in the “votereg_post" question, and
(3) non-matched respondents who are self-reported non-voters in the “CC22_401"
question. This definition excludes non-matched respondents who are self-reported
voters (these individuals would be coded as missing). This definition assumes that
self-reported non-voters are honest about their non-participation because there is no
incentive to go against the democratic norm of participation.

Note that the data received from YouGov and TargetSmart lists the response options for
“TS_partyreg" and “TS_p2022_party" by abbreviations shown below. For the sake of
clarity and consistency with past codings, we included a key below which connects the full
party name to the three letter values used in the data and guide. For example, the responses
shown below as “dem (Democratic Party)" will appear as “dem” in the datafile.

Abbreviation Party
cons Conservative Party
dem Democratic Party
green Green Party
ind Independent
lib Libertarian
oth Other
rep Republican Party
working fam Working Families Party

21
A Warning about Analyzing Subsamples

A Warning about Analyzing Subsamples

Because the CES is such a large survey, it may provide a sufficient number of observations to
encourage the analysis of even very small subpopulations. However, we advise caution when
analyzing very small subsamples as random measurement error may lead to faulty inferences.
For example, if just 0.5% of respondents provide a mistaken response to a question, then it
may result in hundreds of respondents being mis-categorized. Thus, if the group you wish
to study is especially small, then having hundreds of mis-categorized respondents included
among that group may lead to misleading conclusions.
Follow the link for more information about this issue: https://cces.gov.harvard.edu/news/
perils-cherry-picking-low-frequency-events-large-sample-surveys

Further Reading
Additional discussion of methodology can be found in the following peer-reviewed academic
articles.
• On online surveys as opposed to phone and mail:
Stephen Ansolabehere and Brian Schaffner. 2014. “Does Survey Mode Still Matter?
Findings from a 2010 Multi-Mode Comparison." Political Analysis. 22(3): 285–303.
• On the cooperative structure of the CES:
Stephen Ansolabehere and Douglas Rivers. 2013. “Cooperative Survey Research."
Annual Review of Political Science. 16(1): 307-329.
• On the voter validation:
Stephen Ansolabehere and Eitan Hersh. 2012. “Validation: What Big Data Reveal
About Survey Misreporting and the Real Electorate.” Political Analysis. 20(4): 437-
459.

Related Datasets
All of these adjacent datasets are on the Harvard Dataverse:
• Shiro Kuriwaki, “Cumulative CCES Common Content”, doi:10.7910/DVN/II2DB6: a
dataset with common demographic and vote choice variables harmonized and stacked
over years.
• Angelo Dagonel, “Cumulative CCES Policy Preferences”, doi:10.7910/DVN/OSXDQO: a
dataset compiling most of the policy preference questions in similar fashion to the
cumulative file.
• Pia Deshpande, “CES Political Participation 2008-2020”, doi:10.7910/DVN/JUX8KA: for
political participation questions.

22
Related Datasets

• Jeremiah Cha, Shiro Kuriwaki, and James M. Snyder, Jr. “Candidates in American
General Elections”, doi:10.7910/DVN/DGDRDT: candidate information and election re-
sults for the Congressional, Presidential, and Gubernatorial candidates covered in the
2006-2020 CCES / CES.

23
Breakdown of National Vote for U.S. House (CES validated voters)

Breakdown of National Vote for U.S. House (CES validated voters)

Group % Democratic % Republican % of Electorate

Sex
Male 43% 55% 48%
Female 52% 47% 52%
Race
White 41% 57% 75%
Black 84% 14% 9%
Hispanic 59% 39% 9%
Asian 71% 28% 4%
Other 43% 55% 2%
Age
18-29 65% 33% 12%
30-44 56% 42% 21%
45-64 45% 53% 37%
65 and over 40% 59% 30%
Education
High school or less 39% 60% 29%
Some college/assoc. degree 46% 52% 29%
College graduate 53% 46% 26%
Postgraduate study 60% 38% 16%
Education by race
White college graduates 51% 47% 33%
White w/o college degree 33% 65% 42%
Nonwhite college graduates 71% 28% 9%
Nonwhite w/o college degree 67% 31% 16%
Income
Under $30,000 52% 46% 18%
$30,000 to $49,999 48% 51% 9%
$50,000 to $99,999 45% 53% 40%
$100,000 to $199,000 50% 48% 21%
$200,000 or more 46% 52% 12%
Party affiliation
Democrat 95% 4% 36%
Republican 3% 96% 33%
Independent/Other 43% 54% 31%
Political ideology

24
Breakdown of National Vote for U.S. House (CES validated voters)

Liberal 95% 3% 31%

Moderate 57% 41% 27%
Conservative 5% 94% 39%
Unsure 56% 41% 3%
Religion
Protestant/other Christian 30% 68% 39%
Catholic 40% 58% 17%
Jewish 69% 30% 3%
Something else 51% 47% 8%
None 72% 26% 32%
White evangelical/born-again Christian
Yes 13% 86% 32%
No 55% 43% 68%
Married
Yes 42% 56% 58%
No 56% 42% 42%
Gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender
Yes 82% 16% 11%
No 44% 54% 89%

Note: Entries created using validated voters who answered the post-election presidential vote
choice question.
*In this table, we define an individual as Hispanic if they identified as such either on the
race question or on the follow-up question asking respondents if they are of Hispanic origin.
Otherwise, respondents are identified according to their response to the race question.

25
Part III
Common Content
A tabulation of responses for each of the variables in the dataset are provided here. For each
variable we first include the variable description (or label), the question wording for that
item, and then the variable name as it appears in the dataset. We then include a tabulation
of the variable with response option labels shown.
All counts are unweighted, raw counts. Observations with missing values (not shown in the
counts) are either due to respondent skipping and missing due to the question not being
asked to the respondent (e.g. due to branching).
Please consult the questionnaire on dataverse and the list of frequently asked questions on our
website to examine more information, like (a) the branching structure of the questions asked,
(b) the order in which the questions were asked (the order in this guide is not necessarily
the order in which questions were asked), (c) the grid structure of the questions (this guide
disaggregates grid questions into rows).

26
Took post-election survey
tookpost

Took post-election survey N

No 9019
Yes 50981
N 60000

Consent to participate
Do you agree to participate in the study?
CCEStake

Consent to participate N
Yes 60000
No 0
N 60000

Confirm address
Is the name and address displayed above correct?
add_confirm

Confirm address N
Yes 24347
No 5656
N 30003

Gender
What is your gender?
gender4

Gender N
Man 27670
Woman 31893
Non-binary 354
Other 83
N 60000

Education
What is the highest level of education you have completed?
educ

Education N
No HS 2744
High school graduate 16652
Some college 13355
2-year 6443
4-year 13375
Post-grad 7431
N 60000

Race
What racial or ethnic group best describes you?
race

Race N
White 41504
Black 8055
Hispanic 5357
Asian 1618
Native American 569
Middle Eastern 146
Two or more races 1618
Other 1133
N 60000

Hispanic
Are you of Spanish, Latino, or Hispanic origin or descent?
hispanic

Hispanic N
Yes 5114
No 52163
N 57277

Multiracial
Please indicate the racial or ethnic groups that best describe you? (select all that
apply)
multrace

Multiracial N
Multiracial - White 14392
Multiracial - Black 2274
Multiracial - Hispanic 1750
Multiracial - Asian 870
Multiracial - Native American 865
Multiracial - Middle Eastern 173
Multiracial - Other 1
Multiracial - Don't know 455
N 60000

Device type
What type of device are you currently taking this survey on?
comptype

Device type N
I am taking this survey on a smart phone (e.g., iPhone or Android phone) 31701
I am taking this survey on a tablet (e.g., iPad) 4850
I am taking this survey on a desktop computer or laptop computer 23449
N 60000

Voter Registration Status

Are you registered to vote?
votereg

Voter Registration Status N

Yes 54354
No 4950
Don't know 696
N 60000

Registered to vote
Is $izip the zip code where you are registered to vote?
votereg_f

Registered to vote N
Yes 51859
No 2499
N 54358

3 point party ID
Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ...?
pid3

3 point party ID N
Democrat 23250
Republican 15240
Independent 16338
Other 2436
Not sure 2736
N 60000
7 point Party ID
$pid7text
pid7

7 point Party ID N
Strong Democrat 16180
Not very strong Democrat 7070
Strong Republican 9938
Not very strong Republican 5302
Lean Democrat 5960
Lean Republican 5070
Independent 8943
Not sure 1537
Don't know 0
N 60000

State of Residence
What is your State of Residence?
inputstate

State of Residence N
Alabama 941
Alaska 135
Arizona 1625
Arkansas 546
California 4933
Colorado 1042
Connecticut 597
Delaware 223
District of Columbia 165
Florida 4426
Georgia 1988
Hawaii 208
Idaho 304
Illinois 2231
Indiana 1282
Iowa 595
Kansas 463
Kentucky 946
Louisiana 717
Maine 323
Maryland 1018
Massachusetts 1096
Michigan 1953
Minnesota 993
Mississippi 482
Missouri 1297
Montana 224
Nebraska 347
Nevada 758
New Hampshire 286
New Jersey 1573
New Mexico 415
New York 3718
North Carolina 1993
North Dakota 129
Ohio 2515
Oklahoma 686
Oregon 970
Pennsylvania 3106
Rhode Island 197
South Carolina 978
South Dakota 171
Tennessee 1312
Texas 4750
Utah 503
Vermont 112
Virginia 1646
Washington 1275
West Virginia 458
Wisconsin 1253
Wyoming 96
N 60000

Region
In which census region do you live?
region

Region N
Northeast 11008
Midwest 13229
South 23275
West 12488
N 60000

Team module assigned

Survey assigned
ccesmodule
 Team module assigned N
NCC 1000
MIA 1000
TTU 1000
RUT 1000
MSU 1000
FSU 1000
LSU 1000
JHU 1000
IUA 1000
BOS 1000
DKU 1000
NCW 1000
WUS 1000
USC 1000
ZOU 1000
MIC 1000
BCJ 1000
CPC 1000
ASU 1000
CAC 1000
UWM 1000
UCR 1000
GTN 1000
BTU 1000
UTA 1000
UTB 1000
UVA 1000
NCK 1000
UTD 1000
GWU 1000
CUB 1000
OSU 1000
IOW 1000
UCL 1000
DKN 1000
CLA 1000
LBU 1000
UND 1000
TAM 1000
WAS 1000
YLS 1000
UGA 1000
TUF 1000
DAR 1000
NYU 1000
VAN 1000
UCM 1000
UMA 1000
UDE 1000
MIZ 1000
BYU 1000
EMY 1000
RCO 1000
MSL 1000
MCS 1000
HUA 1000
HUB 1000
AMU 1000
UMB / CGU 1000
DMC / HKS 1000
N 60000

Media use past 24 hrs

In the past 24 hours have you... (check all that apply)
CC22_300

Media use past 24 hrs N

Media use past 24 hrs - Used social media 46606
Media use past 24 hrs - Watched TV news 34945
Media use past 24 hrs - Read a newspaper 21276
Media use past 24 hrs - Listened to radio news 17543
Media use past 24 hrs - None of these 2220
N 60000

Media use - TV news type

Did you watch local news, national news, or both?
CC22_300a

Media use - TV news type N

Local Newscast 11734
National Newscast 7001
Both 15178
N 33913

Media use - Newspaper type

Did you read a print newspaper, an online newspaper, or both?
CC22_300c

Media use - Newspaper type N

Print 3914
Online 13455
Both 3466
N 20835

Media use networks

Which of these networks did you watch?
CC22_300b

Media use networks N

Media networks - ABC 8618
Media networks - CBS 8088
Media networks - NBC 8297
Media networks - CNN 7804
Media networks - Fox News 8844
Media networks - MSNBC 6167
Media networks - PBS 3413
Media networks - Other 2674
N 22179

Recent social media use

In the past 24 hours, did you do any of the following on social media (such as
Facebook, Youtube or Twitter)?
CC22_300d

Recent social media use N

Recent social media use - Posted a story, photo, video or link about politics 7774
Recent social media use - Posted a comment about politics 9030
Recent social media use - Read a story or watched a video about politics 23615
Recent social media use - Followed a political event 7092
Recent social media use - Forwarded a story, photo, video or link about politics to
friends 8787
Recent social media use - None of the above 18200
N 46607

National Economics
Would you say that OVER THE PAST YEAR the nation's economy has ...
CC22_302

National Economics N
Gotten much better 2156
Gotten somewhat better 6764
Stayed about the same 7152
Gotten somewhat worse 16940
Gotten much worse 25064
Not sure 1852
N 59928

Household income
OVER THE PAST YEAR, has your household's annual income...?
CC22_303

Household income N
Increased a lot 2060
Increased somewhat 11129
Stayed about the same 29990
Decreased somewhat 10545
Decreased a lot 6180
N 59904

Price change in past year

OVER THE PAST YEAR, have the prices of everyday goods and services...?
CC22_304

Price change in past year N

Increased a lot 40949
Increased somewhat 15468
Stayed about the same 2529
Decreased somewhat 510
Decreased a lot 413
N 59869

Life Changes
Over the past year have you...
CC22_305

Life Changes N
Life Changes - Married 2137
Life Changes - Lost a job 4896
Life Changes - Finished school 1678
Life Changes - Retired 2032
Life Changes - Divorced 758
Life Changes - Had a child 1516
Life Changes - Taken a new job 8921
Life Changes - Been a victim of a crime 2609
Life Changes - Visited an emergency room 13345
Life Changes - Visited a doctor for a regular examination 37622
Life Changes - Received a raise at work 11121
Life Changes - Had a pay cut at work 2331
N 60000

Police make R feel safe

Do the police make you feel...?
CC22_307

Police make R feel safe N

Mostly safe 23830
Somewhat safe 23304
Somewhat unsafe 8615
Mostly unsafe 4176
N 59925

COVID-19 diagnosis
Have you or someone you know been diagnosed with the novel coronavirus (COVID-
19) during the past year? (select all that apply)
CC22_309a

COVID-19 diagnosis N
COVID-19 diagnosis - Yes, I have 18717
COVID-19 diagnosis - Yes, a family member 31549
COVID-19 diagnosis - Yes, a friend 27311
COVID-19 diagnosis - Yes, a co-worker 14156
COVID-19 diagnosis - No 11994
N 60000

Vaccination status
Which of the following best describes you when it comes to being vaccinated against
COVID-19?
CC22_306

Vaccination status N
I am fully vaccinated and have received at least one booster shot 33870
I am fully vaccinated but have not received a booster shot 10554
I am partially vaccinated (I have received the first of two shots for either Pfizer or
Moderna) 1956
I am not vaccinated at all 13467
N 59847

COVID-19 death
Do you know anyone who died from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)? (select all that
apply)
CC22_309b
 COVID-19 death N
COVID-19 death - Family member 6627
COVID-19 death - Friend 9749
COVID-19 death - Co-worker 1785
COVID-19 death - No one 26113
N 42671

Work status since pandemic

How did your work status change as a result of the coronavirus pandemic? (select all
that apply)
CC22_309c

Work status since pandemic N

Work status since pandemic - My hours have been reduced 4171

Work status since pandemic - My hours were reduced, but they have been restored 4175
Work status since pandemic - I have been temporarily laid off 1657

Work status since pandemic - I was temporarily laid off but have now been re-hired 2383
Work status since pandemic - I had more than one job before the pandemic, and lost
one of them. 1424
Work status since pandemic - I lost my job 5143
Work status since pandemic - I was not working when the pandemic began 12438
Work status since pandemic - My hours have increased 3045

Work status since pandemic - I have taken additional jobs since the pandemic 3209
Work status since pandemic - Nothing 28387
N 60000

Emergency expense

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current
financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than
one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply.
CC22_309dx

Emergency expense N
Emergency expense - Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next
statement 18376
Emergency expense - Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time 11510
Emergency expense - With the money currently in my checking/savings account or
with cash 21638
Emergency expense - Using money from a bank loan or line of credit 1915
Emergency expense - By borrowing from a friend or family member 5921
 Emergency expense - Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft 1501
Emergency expense - By selling something 3740
Emergency expense - I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now 10116
Emergency expense - Other 1408
N 60000

General health
Would you say that in general your health is...
CC22_309e

General health N
Excellent 5531
Very good 17955
Good 22919
Fair 11085
Poor 2419
N 59909

Mental health
Would you say that in general your mental health is...
CC22_309f

Mental health N
Excellent 11451
Very good 16897
Good 17073
Fair 10658
Poor 3631
N 59710

Know Party in Government

Which party has a majority of seats in the ...
CC22_310grid

Know Party in Government: Know Party in Government -- U.S. House of Representatives All
Republicans 6781
Democrats 39898
Neither 1649
Not sure 11605
N 59933

Know Party in Government: Know Party in Government -- U.S. Senate All

Republicans 8897
Democrats 28217
Neither 11189
Not sure 11642
N 59945

Know Party in Government: Know Party in Government -- $inputstate State Senate All
Republicans 23055
Democrats 19360
Neither 1613
Not sure 15751
N 59779

Know Party in Government: Know Party in Government -- $LowerChamberName All

Republicans 22502
Democrats 18289
Neither 1448
Not sure 17521
N 59760

Know Party of Representative

Please indicate whether you've heard of this person and if so which party he or she is
affiliated with.
CC22_311grid

Know Party of Representative: Know Party of Representative -- $CurrentGovName All

Never Heard of Person 1391
Republican 26161
Democrat 26697
Other Party / Independent 289
Not sure 5270
N 59808

Know Party of Representative: Know Party of Representative -- $CurrentSen1Name All

Never Heard of Person 2319
Republican 20116
Democrat 27462
Other Party / Independent 443
Not sure 9473
N 59813

Know Party of Representative: Know Party of Representative -- $CurrentSen2Name All

Never Heard of Person 2282
Republican 22412
Democrat 24080
Other Party / Independent 744
Not sure 10293
N 59811

Know Party of Representative: Know Party of Representative -- $CurrentHouseName All

Never Heard of Person 3391
Republican 21367
Democrat 22066
Other Party / Independent 516
Not sure 12271
N 59611

Job Approval Institutions

Do you approve of the way each is doing their job?
CC22_320grid

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- President Biden All

Strongly approve 11229
Somewhat approve 17287
Somewhat disapprove 6749
Strongly disapprove 22820
Not sure 1877
N 59962

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- The U.S. Congress All
Strongly approve 2306
Somewhat approve 15325
Somewhat disapprove 16650
Strongly disapprove 19387
Not sure 6294
N 59962

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- The U.S. Supreme Court All
Strongly approve 5370
Somewhat approve 14927
Somewhat disapprove 11708
Strongly disapprove 22285
Not sure 5673
N 59963
 Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- The Governor of $inputstate All
Strongly approve 12906
Somewhat approve 17253
Somewhat disapprove 8739
Strongly disapprove 16529
Not sure 4368
N 59795

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- $LegName All

Strongly approve 5150
Somewhat approve 18160
Somewhat disapprove 10930
Strongly disapprove 13648
Not sure 11888
N 59776

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- $CurrentHouseName All

Strongly approve 9879
Somewhat approve 13279
Somewhat disapprove 6509
Strongly disapprove 12456
Not sure 17490
N 59613

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- $CurrentSen1Name All

Strongly approve 9217
Somewhat approve 13011
Somewhat disapprove 8136
Strongly disapprove 16207
Not sure 13227
N 59798

Job Approval Institutions: Job Approval Institutions -- $CurrentSen2Name All

Strongly approve 10314
Somewhat approve 12339
Somewhat disapprove 6600
Strongly disapprove 16368
Not sure 14181
N 59802

US citizen
Are you a United States citizen?
 cit1

US citizen N
Yes 59337
No 624
N 59961

Immigration background
Which of these statements best describes you?
immstat

Immigration background N
I am an immigrant to the USA and a naturalized citizen 3311
I am an immigrant to the USA but not a citizen 624
I was born in the USA but at least one of my parents is an immigrant 6043
My parents and I were born in the USA but at least one of my grandparents was an
immigrant 11574
My parents, grandparents and I were all born in the USA 38312
N 59864

Ukraine response
What do you think the United States should do in response to Russia's invasion of
Ukraine?
CC22_321

Ukraine response N
Ukraine response - Not sure 8666
Ukraine response - Do not get involved 12132
Ukraine response - Send food, medicine and other aid to countries affected 30555
Ukraine response - Provide arms to Ukraine 24391
Ukraine response - Enforce a no fly zone 9182
Ukraine response - Use drones and air craft to bomb Russian troops 6026
Ukraine response - Send military support staff (non-combat) 12441
Ukraine response - Send significant force to fight Russia 3870
N 60000

Health care
Thinking now about health care policy, would you support or oppose each of the
following proposals?
CC22_327grid

alth care -- Expand Medicare to a single comprehensive public health care coverage program that wouldAll
cover all Americans.
Support 41564
Oppose 18429
 N 59993

All
to get a lower price on prescription drugs that would apply to both Medicare and private insurance. Maximum negotiated price could n
Support 52410
Oppose 7585
N 59995

Health care: Health care -- Repeal the entire Affordable Care Act. All
Support 25732
Oppose 34260
N 59992

Health care: Health care -- Allow states to import prescription drugs from other countries. All
Support 43001
Oppose 16968
N 59969

Gun control
On the issue of gun regulation, do you support or oppose each of the following
proposals?
CC22_330grid

ntrol: Gun control -- Prohibit state and local governments from publishing the names and addresses of allAll
gun owners
Support 33485
Oppose 26510
N 59995

Gun control: Gun control -- Ban assault rifles All

Support 38221
Oppose 21775
N 59996

Gun control: Gun control -- Make it easier for people to obtain concealed-carry permit All
Support 22912
Oppose 37084
N 59996

de federal funding to encourage states to take guns away from people who already own them but mightAll
pose a threat to themselves or
Support 36914
Oppose 23083
 N 59997

All
e background checks to give authorities time to check the juvenile and mental health records of any prospective gun buyer under the a
Support 53716
Oppose 6281
N 59997

Gun control: Gun control -- Allow teachers and school officials to carry guns in public schools All
Support 27091
Oppose 32908
N 59999

Immigration
What do you think the U.S. government should do about immigration? Do you support
or oppose each of the following?
CC22_331grid

All convicted of any felony cr

ant legal status to all illegal immigrants who have held jobs and paid taxes for at least 3 years, and not been
Support 41877
Oppose 18086
N 59963

Immigration: Immigration -- Increase the number of border patrols on the US-Mexican border All
Support 41408
Oppose 18559
N 59967

All family-based migration

on -- Reduce legal immigration by 50 percent over the next 10 years by eliminating the visa lottery and ending
Support 24914
Oppose 35046
N 59960

AllU.S. and Mexico

Immigration -- Increase spending on border security by $25 billion, including building a wall between the
Support 27455
Oppose 32513
N 59968

Abortion

On the topic of abortion, do you support or oppose each of the following proposals?
 CC22_332grid

Abortion: Abortion -- Always allow a woman to obtain an abortion as a matter of choice All
Support 38209
Oppose 21749
N 59958

All
Abortion: Abortion -- Permit abortion only in case of rape, incest or when the woman's life is in danger
Support 29537
Oppose 30412
N 59949

Abortion: Abortion -- Prohibit all abortions after the 20th week of pregnancy All
Support 30397
Oppose 29565
N 59962

Abortion: Abortion -- Allow employers to decline coverage of abortions in insurance plans All
Support 22547
Oppose 37424
N 59971

All
ortion: Abortion -- Prohibit the expenditure of funds authorized or appropriated by federal law for any abortion.
Support 24033
Oppose 35932
N 59965

Abortion: Abortion -- Make abortions illegal in all circumstances All

Support 8840
Oppose 51118
N 59958

Climate
From what you know about global climate change or global warming, which one of
the following statements comes closest to your opinion?
CC22_333

Climate N
Global climate change has been established as a serious problem, and immediate
action is necessary 27298
 There is enough evidence that climate change is taking place and some action should
be taken 12667
We don't know enough about global climate change, and more research is necessary
before we take any actions 9098

Concern about global climate change is exaggerated. No action is necessary 7144

Global climate change is not occurring; this is not a real issue 3685
N 59892

Environment
Do you support or oppose each of the following proposals?
CC22_333grid

All
ronment: Environment -- Give the Environmental Protection Agency power to regulate carbon dioxide emissions
Support 41291
Oppose 18701
N 59992

ch state use a minimum amount of renewable fuels (wind, solar, and hydroelectric) in the generation of All
electricity even if electricity pr
Support 38253
Oppose 21740
N 59993

AllAct even if it costs U.S. jobs

ent -- Strengthen the Environmental Protection Agency enforcement of the Clean Air Act and Clean Water
Support 36536
Oppose 23459
N 59995

nment -- Raise the average fuel efficiency for all cars and trucks in the US from 40 miles per gallon to 54.5Allmiles per gallon by 2025
Support 40788
Oppose 19208
N 59996

All gas
ronment: Environment -- Increase fossil fuel production in the U.S. and boost exports of U.S. liquefied natural
Support 36450
Oppose 23542
N 59992

Policing policies
Do you support or oppose each of the following proposals?
CC22_334grid
 All
Policing policies: Policing policies -- Eliminate mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent drug offenders
Support 40997
Oppose 18968
N 59965

olicies: Policing policies -- Require police officers to wear body cameras that record all of their activitiesAll
while on duty
Support 55234
Oppose 4749
N 59983

licing policies -- Increase the number of police on the street by 10 percent, even if it means fewer funds All
for other public services
Support 33132
Oppose 26853
N 59985

: Policing policies -- Decrease the number of police on the street by 10 percent, and increase funding for All
other public services
Support 20536
Oppose 39438
N 59974

Policing policies: Policing policies -- Ban the use of choke holds by police All
Support 43918
Oppose 15980
N 59898

icies: Policing policies -- Create a national registry of police who have been investigated for or disciplinedAllfor misconduct
Support 48312
Oppose 11604
N 59916

All to police departments

cing policies -- End the Department of Defense program that sends surplus military weapons and equipment
Support 27735
Oppose 32189
N 59924

All disregarded" the individu

Allow individuals or their families to sue a police officer for damages if the officer is found to have "recklessly
Support 47596
Oppose 12330
N 59926
Rate ideology
How would you rate each of the following individuals and groups?
CC22_340grid

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- Yourself All

Very Liberal 7703
Liberal 8771
Somewhat Liberal 5638
Middle of the Road 14777
Somewhat Conservative 5283
Conservative 8011
Very Conservative 6322
Not sure 3453
N 59958

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $CurrentGovName All

Very Liberal 7499
Liberal 8260
Somewhat Liberal 6567
Middle of the Road 5373
Somewhat Conservative 4324
Conservative 8708
Very Conservative 9433
Not sure 9618
N 59782

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- Joe Biden All

Very Liberal 18835
Liberal 10919
Somewhat Liberal 10183
Middle of the Road 8508
Somewhat Conservative 2366
Conservative 1482
Very Conservative 1105
Not sure 6513
N 59911

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- Donald Trump All

Very Liberal 2462
Liberal 1044
Somewhat Liberal 963
Middle of the Road 2864
Somewhat Conservative 5618
Conservative 11893
Very Conservative 24711
Not sure 10400
N 59955

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- The Democratic Party All

Very Liberal 20310
Liberal 11842
Somewhat Liberal 10037
Middle of the Road 6453
Somewhat Conservative 2243
Conservative 1400
Very Conservative 985
Not sure 6699
N 59969

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- The Republican Party All

Very Liberal 1465
Liberal 1196
Somewhat Liberal 1586
Middle of the Road 3282
Somewhat Conservative 6943
Conservative 13396
Very Conservative 24480
Not sure 7637
N 59985

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- The U.S. Supreme Court All

Very Liberal 1360
Liberal 1353
Somewhat Liberal 2087
Middle of the Road 10988
Somewhat Conservative 8755
Conservative 10176
Very Conservative 14715
Not sure 10557
N 59991

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $CurrentSen1Name All

Very Liberal 5789
Liberal 6503
Somewhat Liberal 4863
Middle of the Road 4388
Somewhat Conservative 2575
Conservative 3834
Very Conservative 3476
Not sure 10974
N 42402

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $CurrentSen2Name All

Very Liberal 4450
Liberal 5043
Somewhat Liberal 3669
Middle of the Road 3473
Somewhat Conservative 2990
Conservative 6251
Very Conservative 7194
Not sure 11320
N 44390

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $SenCand1Name All

Very Liberal 8710
Liberal 8761
Somewhat Liberal 6112
Middle of the Road 4232
Somewhat Conservative 1249
Conservative 1082
Very Conservative 631
Not sure 12914
N 43691

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $SenCand2Name All

Very Liberal 953
Liberal 923
Somewhat Liberal 1118
Middle of the Road 2455
Somewhat Conservative 3471
Conservative 8313
Very Conservative 10459
Not sure 16010
N 43702

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $HouseCand1Name All

Very Liberal 6389
Liberal 8366
 Somewhat Liberal 6177
Middle of the Road 5074
Somewhat Conservative 1599
Conservative 1408
Very Conservative 1004
Not sure 27971
N 57988

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $HouseCand2Name All

Very Liberal 1122
Liberal 1311
Somewhat Liberal 1451
Middle of the Road 3343
Somewhat Conservative 4136
Conservative 10031
Very Conservative 9679
Not sure 28518
N 59591

Rate ideology: Rate ideology -- $CurrentHouseName All

Very Liberal 735
Liberal 1080
Somewhat Liberal 828
Middle of the Road 853
Somewhat Conservative 620
Conservative 1166
Very Conservative 1091
Not sure 2974
N 9347

Roll Call Votes

Over the past two years, Congress voted on many issues. Do you support each of the
following proposals?
CC22_350grid

All
ef from March 2021 through September 2021, including extension of unemployment benefits through September 2021, and emergency
Favor 36376
Oppose 23620
N 59996

All water systems and broadb

d $150 billion a year for 8 years on construction and repair of roads and bridges, rail, public transit, airports,
Favor 51052
Oppose 8946
 N 59998

Allfor older Americans, and to s

n, subsidies for child care, expanded financial aid for college, housing support, home and community care
Favor 38885
Oppose 21113
N 59998

Call Votes: Roll Call Votes -- Prohibit government restrictions on the provision of, and access to, abortionAll
services.
Favor 38284
Oppose 21714
N 59998

Allof investments in semicondu

billion in grants for American semiconductor manufacturing and research and a tax credit subsidizing 25%
Favor 39563
Oppose 20431
N 59994

t large online platforms from giving preference to their own products on the platform at the expense ofAll
competing products from anot
Favor 39154
Oppose 20845
N 59999

Roll Call Votes: Roll Call Votes -- Appoint Ketanji Brown Jackson to the U.S. Supreme Court. All
Favor 34395
Oppose 25602
N 59997

All billion by allowing Medicare

wind turbines, and batteries; lowers Affordable Care Act health care premiums; reduces the deficit by $300
Favor 41490
Oppose 18507
N 59997

Executive Orders Pre

For each of the following tell us whether you support or oppose these decisions.
CC22_355grid

Executive Orders Pre: Executive Orders Pre -- The United States re-joins the Paris Climate AgreementAll
Support 37955
Oppose 21797
 N 59752

All
Executive Orders Pre: Executive Orders Pre -- The United States re-joins the World Health Organization
Support 41139
Oppose 18635
N 59774

All
utive Orders Pre -- Order all federal agencies to buy clean energy, purchase electric vehicles, and make federal buildings energy efficien
Support 36897
Oppose 22903
N 59800

cutive Orders Pre: Executive Orders Pre -- Increase the minimum wage paid to federal contractors to $15All
an hour
Support 43164
Oppose 16680
N 59844

All
Executive Orders Pre: Executive Orders Pre -- Require that all employees at large companies be vaccinated.
Support 27314
Oppose 32485
N 59799

Party Registration
With which party, if any, are you registered?
CC22_360

Party Registration N
No Party, Independent, Declined to State 7057
Democratic Party 13554
Republican Party 8563
Other 612
N 29786

Residency
How long have you lived at your present address?
CC22_361

Residency N
Less than 1 month 868
2 to 6 months 3757
7 to 11 months 2481
1 to 2 years 7801
3 to 4 years 8026
5 or more years 36975
N 59908

Type of Area Living In

How would you describe the place where you live?
urbancity

Type of Area Living In N

City 16776
Suburb 23319
Town 7936
Rural area 11601
Other 368
N 60000

2020 President Vote Post Election

Who did you vote for in the election for President in 2020?
presvote20post

2020 President Vote Post Election N

Joe Biden 28430
Donald Trump 19923
Jo Jorgensen 898
Howie Hawkins 305
Other 635
Did not vote for President 9021
N 59212

Vote Intention
Do you intend to vote in the 2022 general election on November 8th?
CC22_363

Vote Intention N
Yes, definitely 37370
Probably 5761
I already voted (early or absentee) 6389
I plan to vote before November 8th 1668
No 4179
Undecided 3800
N 59167
Senate vote
For which candidate for U.S. Senator did you vote?
CC22_365_voted

Senate vote N
$SenCand1Name ($SenCand1Party) 3082
$SenCand2Name ($SenCand2Party) 1223
$SenCand3Name ($SenCand3Party) 48
$SenCand4Name ($SenCand4Party) 8
Other 59
I'm not sure 65
I didn't vote in this election 29
N 4514

Senate vote 2nd race

For which candidate for the special election for U.S. Senate did you vote?
CC22_365b_voted

Senate vote 2nd race N

$SenCand1Name2 ($SenCand1Party2) 16
$SenCand2Name2 ($SenCand2Party2) 2
Other 0
I'm not sure 1
I didn't vote in this election 4
N 23

Governor vote
For which candidate for Governor did you vote?
CC22_366_voted

Governor vote N
$GovCand1Name ($GovCand1Party) 3596
$GovCand2Name ($GovCand2Party) 1392
$GovCand3Name ($GovCand3Party) 9
Other 74
I'm not sure 47
I didn't vote in this election 40
N 5158

House vote

For which candidate for U.S. House of Representatives in your area did you vote?
CC22_367_voted
 House vote N
$HouseCand1Name ($HouseCand1Party) 4135
$HouseCand2Name ($HouseCand2Party) 1727
$HouseCand3Name ($HouseCand3Party) 63
$HouseCand4Name ($HouseCand4Party) 7
$HouseCand5Name ($HouseCand5Party) 1
$HouseCand6Name ($HouseCand6Party) 4
$HouseCand7Name ($HouseCand7Party) 0
$HouseCand8Name ($HouseCand8Party) 0
Other 128
I'm not sure 172
I didn't vote in this election 133
N 6370

Senate preference
In the race for U.S. Senator in your state, who do you prefer?
CC22_365

Senate preference N
$SenCand1Name ($SenCand1Party) 17521
$SenCand2Name ($SenCand2Party) 12572
$SenCand3Name ($SenCand3Party) 224
$SenCand4Name ($SenCand4Party) 70
Other 342
I'm not sure 5757
No one 2675
N 39161

Senate second preference

Who is your second choice for U.S. Senator?
CC22_365a

Senate second preference N

$SenCand1Name ($SenCand1Party) 998
$SenCand2Name ($SenCand2Party) 1269
$SenCand3Name ($SenCand3Party) 138
$SenCand4Name ($SenCand4Party) 82
Other 2068
I'm not sure 7911
No one 18207
N 30673

Senate preference 2nd race

In the special election for U.S. Senator in your state, who do you prefer?
CC22_365b

Senate preference 2nd race N

$SenCand1Name2 ($SenCand1Party2) 227
$SenCand2Name2 ($SenCand2Party2) 225
Other 5
I'm not sure 136
No one 70
N 663

Senate second preference 2nd race

Who is your second choice for U.S. Senator?
CC22_365c

Senate second preference 2nd race N

$SenCand1Name2 ($SenCand1Party2) 12
$SenCand2Name2 ($SenCand2Party2) 16
Other 39
I'm not sure 123
No one 267
N 457

Governor preference
In the race for Governor in your state, who do you prefer?
CC22_366

Governor preference N
$GovCand1Name ($GovCand1Party) 19728
$GovCand2Name ($GovCand2Party) 14459
$GovCand3Name ($GovCand3Party) 163
Other 399
I'm not sure 4462
No one 2618
N 41829

House preference
In the general election for U.S. House of Representatives in your area, who do you
prefer?
CC22_367

House preference N
$HouseCand1Name ($HouseCand1Party) 21775
$HouseCand2Name ($HouseCand2Party) 17111
$HouseCand3Name ($HouseCand3Party) 585
$HouseCand4Name ($HouseCand4Party) 55
$HouseCand5Name ($HouseCand5Party) 5
$HouseCand6Name ($HouseCand6Party) 29
$HouseCand7Name ($HouseCand7Party) 2
$HouseCand8Name ($HouseCand8Party) 2
Other 472
I'm not sure 9131
No one 4340
N 53507

House second choice

Who is your second choice for U.S. House of Representatives?
CC22_367a

House second choice N

$HouseCand1Name ($HouseCand1Party) 1554
$HouseCand2Name ($HouseCand2Party) 1784
$HouseCand3Name ($HouseCand3Party) 2822
$HouseCand4Name ($HouseCand4Party) 258
$HouseCand5Name ($HouseCand5Party) 11
$HouseCand6Name ($HouseCand6Party) 8
$HouseCand7Name ($HouseCand7Party) 34
$HouseCand8Name ($HouseCand8Party) 5
Other 2005
I'm not sure 10425
No one 21033
N 39939

Ideology
In general, how would you describe your own political viewpoint?
ideo5

Ideology N
Very liberal 7763
Liberal 11071
Moderate 19231
Conservative 11048
Very conservative 6493
Not sure 4354
N 59960

Employment Status
Which of the following best describes your current employment status?
employ
 Employment Status N
Full-time 23516
Part-time 6625
Temporarily laid off 447
Unemployed 3976
Retired 14503
Permanently disabled 3765
Homemaker 3735
Student 2177
Other 1208
N 59952

Had job in past 5 years

At any time over the past five years, have you had a job?
hadjob

Had job in past 5 years N

Yes 13624
No 16199
N 29823

Stock ownership
Do you personally (or jointly with a spouse), have any money invested in the stock
market right now, either in an individual stock or in a mutual fund?
investor

Stock ownership N
Yes 27335
No 32547
N 59882

Born Again (Pew version)

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?

pew_bornagain

Born Again (Pew version) N

Yes 16420
No 43541
N 59961

Importance of religion (Pew version)

How important is religion in your life?
pew_religimp

Importance of religion (Pew version) N

Very important 20363
Somewhat important 14953
Not too important 9317
Not at all important 15345
N 59978

Church attendance (Pew version)

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
pew_churatd

Church attendance (Pew version) N

More than once a week 3883
Once a week 9436
Once or twice a month 3955
A few times a year 7109
Seldom 13505
Never 20855
Don't know 1225
N 59968

Frequency of Prayer (Pew version)

People practice their religion in different ways. Outside of attending religious services,
how often do you pray?
pew_prayer

Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) N

Several times a day 15477
Once a day 7968
A few times a week 7053
Once a week 1668
A few times a month 3857
Seldom 9212
Never 12921
Don't know 1804
N 59960

Religion
What is your present religion, if any?
religpew
 Religion N
Protestant 18463
Roman Catholic 11014
Mormon 706
Eastern or Greek Orthodox 375
Jewish 1596
Muslim 524
Buddhist 558
Hindu 214
Atheist 4428
Agnostic 4232
Nothing in particular 13572
Something else 4267
N 59949

Protestant Church
To which Protestant church or group do you belong?
religpew_protestant

Protestant Church N
Baptist 6508
Methodist 2514
Nondenominational or Independent Church 4768
Lutheran 2051
Presbyterian 1227
Pentecostal 1464
Episcopalian 874
Church of Christ or Disciples of Christ 892
Congregational or United Church of Christ 452
Holiness 215
Reformed 200
Adventist 217
Jehovah's Witness 292
Something else 3044
N 24718

Baptist Church
To which Baptist church do you belong, if any?
religpew_baptist

Baptist Church N
Southern Baptist Convention 2656
American Baptist Churches in USA 581
National Baptist Convention 211
Progressive Baptist Convention 54
Independent Baptist 1028
Baptist General Conference 129
Baptist Missionary Association 392
Conservative Baptist Assoc. of America 59
Free Will Baptist 438
General Association of Regular Baptists 366
Other Baptist 1397
N 7311

Methodist Church
To which Methodist church do you belong, if any?
religpew_methodist

Methodist Church N
United Methodist Church 2388
Free Methodist Church 104
African Methodist Episcopal 111
African Methodist Episcopal Zion 45
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church 57
Other Methodist Church 290
N 2995

Nondenominational or Independent Church

To which kind of nondenominational or independent church do you belong, if any?

religpew_nondenom

Nondenominational or Independent Church N

Nondenominational evangelical 2295
Nondenominational fundamentalist 260
Nondenominational charismatic 361
Interdenominational 404
Community church 1559
Other 1289
N 6168

Lutheran Church
To which Lutheran church do you belong?
religpew_lutheran

Lutheran Church N
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) 918
Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod 746
Lutheran Church, Wisconsin Synod 166
Other Lutheran Church 469
N 2299

Presbyterian Church
To which Presbyterian church do you belong?
religpew_presby

Presbyterian Church N
Presbyterian Church USA 684
Presbyterian Church in America 289
Associate Reformed Presbyterian 42
Cumberland Presbyterian Church 21
Orthodox Presbyterian 44
Evangelical Presbyterian Church 152
Other Presbyterian Church 371
N 1603

Pentecostal Church
To which Pentecostal church do you belong?
religpew_pentecost

Pentecostal Church N
Assemblies of God 518
Church of God Cleveland TN 70
Four Square Gospel 44
Pentecostal Church of God 227
Pentecostal Holiness Church 135
Church of God in Christ 157
Church of God of the Apostolic Faith 21
Assembly of Christian Churches 39
Apostolic Christian 127
Other Pentecostal Church 495
N 1833

Episcopal Church
To which Episcopalian church do you belong?
religpew_episcop

Episcopal Church N
Episcopal Church in the USA 734
Anglican Church (Church of England) 110
Anglican Orthodox Church 10
Reformed Episcopal Church 24
Other Episcopalian or Anglican Church 113
N 991

Christian Church
To which Christian church do you belong?
religpew_christian

Christian Church N
Church of Christ 699
Disciples of Christ 157
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 197
Other Christian church 116
N 1169

Congregational Church
To which congregational church do you belong?
religpew_congreg

Congregational Church N
United Church of Christ 423
Conservative Congregational Christian 57
National Association of Congregational Christians 44
Other Congregational 106
N 630

Holiness Church
To which Holiness church do you belong?
religpew_holiness

Holiness Church N
Church of the Nazarene 45
Wesleyan Church 16
Free Methodist Church 12
Christian and Missionary Alliance 21
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) 25
Salvation Army, American Rescue workers 16
Other Holiness 240
N 375

Reformed Church
To which Reformed church do you belong?
religpew_reformed
 Reformed Church N
Reformed Church in America 86
Christian Reformed Church 102
Other Reformed 157
N 345

Adventist Church
To which Adventist church do you belong?
religpew_advent

Adventist Church N
Seventh Day Adventist 213
Church of God, General Conference 13
Advent Christian 22
Other Adventist 52
N 300

Catholic Church
To which Catholic church do you belong?
religpew_catholic

Catholic Church N
Roman Catholic Church 11471
National Polish Catholic Church 134
Greek-rite Catholic 46
Armenian Catholic 236
Old Catholic 369
Other Catholic 446
N 12702

Mormon Church
To which Mormon church do you belong?
religpew_mormon

Mormon Church N
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 806
Community of Christ 60
Other Mormon 44
N 910

Orthodox Church
To which Orthodox church do you belong?
religpew_orthodox
 Orthodox Church N
Greek Orthodox 150
Russian Orthodox 75
Orthodox Church in America 75
Armenian Orthodox 52
Eastern Orthodox 61
Serbian Orthodox 23
Other Orthodox 54
N 490

Jewish Group
To which Jewish group do you belong?
religpew_jewish

Jewish Group N
Reform 830
Conservative 507
Orthodox 193
Reconstructionist 69
Other 265
N 1864

Muslim Group
To which Muslim group do you belong?
religpew_muslim

Muslim Group N
Sunni 339
Shia 84
Nation of Islam (Black Muslim) 118
Other Muslim 94
N 635

Buddhist group
To which Buddhist group do you belong?
religpew_buddhist

Buddhist group N
Theravada (Vipassana) Buddhism 153
Mahayana (Zen) Buddhism 368
Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism 144
Other Buddhist 200
N 865
Hindu Group

With which of the following Hindu groups, if any, do you identify with most closely?
religpew_hindu

Hindu Group N
Vaishnava Hinduism 96
Shaivite Hinduism 57
Shaktism Hinduism 36
Other Hindu 81
N 270

Marital Status
What is your marital status?
marstat

Marital Status N
Married 28046
Separated 1122
Divorced 6697
Widowed 3348
Never married 17169
Domestic / civil partnership 3589
N 59971

Labor union member

Are you a member of a labor union?
union

Labor union member N

Yes, I am currently a member of a labor union 4039
I formerly was a member of a labor union 10939
I am not now, nor have I been, a member of a labor union 44974
N 59952

Covered by union contract

Are you covered by a union contract, also known as a collective bargaining
agreement?
union_coverage

Covered by union contract N

Yes 1739
No 51568
Not sure 2515
N 55822

Family labor union member

Other than yourself, is any member of your household a union member?
unionhh

Family labor union member N

Yes, a member of my household is currently a union member 4306

A member of my household was formerly a member of a labor union, but is not now 7447
No, no one in my household has ever been a member of a labor union 43045
Not sure 5002
N 59800

Dual citizenship
Are you also a citizen of another country besides the United States?
dualcit

Dual citizenship N
Yes 3371
No 55897
N 59268

Dual citizenship country

What country do you hold citizenship with besides the United States?
dualctry

Dual citizenship country N

Canada 317
United Kingdom 303
Afghanistan 11
Aland Islands 3
Albania 5
Algeria 9
American Samoa 13
Andorra 7
Angola 2
Anguilla 2
Antarctica 2
Antigua and Barbuda 2
Argentina 20
Armenia 5
Aruba 0
Australia 30
Austria 3
Azerbaijan 1
Bahamas 5
Bahrain 1
Bangladesh 6
Barbados 4
Belarus 1
Belgium 6
Belize 5
Benin 0
Bermuda 2
Bhutan 0
Bolivia 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3
Botswana 0
Bouvet Island 0
Brazil 24
British Indian Ocean Territory 0
Brunei Darussalam 4
Bulgaria 6
Burkina Faso 0
Burundi 0
Cambodia 3
Cameroon 3
Cape Verde 1
Cayman Islands 0
Central African Republic 0
Chad 0
Chile 8
China 4
Christmas Island 1
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0
Colombia 52
Comoros 0
Congo 1
Congo, the Democratic Republic of the 3
Cook Islands 0
Costa Rica 10
Cote d'Ivoire 0
Croatia 2
Cuba 40
Cyprus 2
Czech Republic 3
Denmark 2
Djibouti 1
Dominica 1
Dominican Republic 44
Ecuador 26
Egypt 8
El Salvador 15
Equatorial Guinea 0
Eritrea 0
Estonia 3
Ethiopia 3
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0
Faroe Islands 0
Fiji 1
Finland 4
France 32
French Guiana 0
French Polynesia 0
French Southern Territories 0
Gabon 0
Gambia 1
Georgia 18
Germany 54
Ghana 3
Gibraltar 0
Greece 10
Greenland 0
Grenada 0
Guadeloupe 0
Guam 0
Guatemala 9
Guernsey 1
Guinea 0
Guinea-Bissau 0
Guyana 4
Haiti 11
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0
Holy See (Vatican City State) 0
Honduras 6
Hong Kong 9
Hungary 2
Iceland 1
India 12
Indonesia 3
Iran, Islamic Republic of 7
Iraq 4
Ireland 59
Isle of Man 0
Israel 30
Italy 43
Jamaica 22
Japan 11
Jersey 2
Jordan 2
Kazakhstan 0
Kenya 9
Kiribati 0
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 0
Korea, Republic of 3
Kuwait 0
Kyrgyzstan 0
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2
Latvia 3
Lebanon 8
Lesotho 0
Liberia 0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0
Liechtenstein 0
Lithuania 0
Luxembourg 4
Macao 0
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of 0
Madagascar 0
Malawi 0
Malaysia 2
Maldives 0
Mali 0
Malta 1
Marshall Islands 0
Martinique 0
Mauritania 0
Mauritius 0
Mayotte 0
Mexico 192
Micronesia, Federated States of 1
Moldova, Republic of 0
Monaco 0
Mongolia 0
Montserrat 0
Morocco 5
Mozambique 1
Myanmar 0
Namibia 1
Nauru 0
Nepal 0
Netherlands 4
Netherlands Antilles 0
New Caledonia 0
New Zealand 7
Nicaragua 15
Niger 1
Nigeria 41
Niue 0
Norfolk Island 2
Northern Mariana Islands 0
Norway 1
Oman 1
Pakistan 16
Palau 0
Palestinian Territory, Occupied 4
Panama 9
Papua New Guinea 0
Paraguay 0
Peru 15
Philippines 44
Pitcairn 0
Poland 14
Portugal 16
Puerto Rico 61
Qatar 0
Reunion 1
Romania 5
Russian Federation 21
Rwanda 0
Saint Helena 1
Saint Kitts and Nevis 1
Saint Lucia 3
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1
Samoa 1
San Marino 1
Sao Tome and Principe 0
Saudi Arabia 0
Senegal 2
Serbia and Montenegro 6
Seychelles 0
Sierra Leone 0
Singapore 2
Slovakia 1
Slovenia 0
Solomon Islands 0
Somalia 1
South Africa 8
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2
Spain 20
Sri Lanka 2
Sudan 1
Suriname 1
Svalbard and Jan Mayen 0
Swaziland 1
Sweden 9
Switzerland 16
Syrian Arab Republic 3
Taiwan 15
Tajikistan 0
Tanzania, United Republic of 2
Thailand 6
Timor-Leste 0
Togo 0
Tokelau 0
Tonga 0
Trinidad and Tobago 13
Tunisia 1
Turkey 10
Turkmenistan 0
Turks and Caicos Islands 1
Tuvalu 0
Uganda 1
Ukraine 4
United Arab Emirates 1
United States Minor Outlying Islands 320
Uruguay 4
Uzbekistan 1
Vanuatu 0
Venezuela 30
VietNam 7
Virgin Islands, British 1
Virgin Islands, U.S. 15
Wallis and Futuna 2
Western Sahara 2
Yemen 4
Zambia 1
Zimbabwe 2
Other 424
N 2860

Home ownership
Do you own your home or pay rent?
ownhome
 Home ownership N
Own 36000
Rent 20668
Other 3276
N 59944

Political Interest

Some people seem to follow what's going on in government and public affairs most of
the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested.
Would you say you follow what's going on in government and public affairs ...
newsint

Political Interest N
Most of the time 28725
Some of the time 16162
Only now and then 8410
Hardly at all 4821
Don't know 1814
N 59932

Family income
Thinking back over the last year, what was your family's annual income?
faminc_new

Family income N
Less than $10,000 3723
$10,000 - $19,999 4432
$20,000 - $29,999 5912
$30,000 - $39,999 5740
$40,000 - $49,999 4906
$50,000 - $59,999 5053
$60,000 - $69,999 3728
$70,000 - $79,999 4303
$80,000 - $99,999 4792
$100,000 - $119,999 3588
$120,000 - $149,999 3827
$150,000 - $199,999 2671
$200,000 - $249,999 1060
$250,000 - $349,999 765
$350,000 - $499,999 360
$500,000 or more 283
Prefer not to say 4822
N 59965
Military Household

We'd like to know whether you or someone in your immediate family is currently
serving or has ever served in the U.S. military. Immediate family is defined as your
parents, siblings, spouse, and children. Please check all boxes that apply.
milstat

Military Household N
Military Household - I am 595
Military Household - Family 3484
Military Household - I served previously 6379
Military Household - Family served previously 22843
Military Household - None 30545
N 60000

Children under age 18 in household

Are you the parent or guardian of any children under the age of 18?
child18

Children under age 18 in household N

Yes 13609
No 46317
N 59926

Health insurance
Do you currently have health insurance? (Please check all that apply)
healthins

Health insurance N
Health insurance - Through job 25616
Health insurance - Govt program 26080
Health insurance - Through school 534
Health insurance - Purchase on own 5237
Health insurance - Not sure 942
Health insurance - No 4951
N 60000

Purchase health insurance thru exchange

When you purchased health insurance did you use a health insurance exchange?
healthins2
 Purchase health insurance thru exchange N
Yes 2284
No 2940
N 5224

Phone service
Thinking about your phone service, do you have ...?
phone

Phone service N
Both 16563
Cell only 41698
Landline 958
No phone 695
N 59914

Internet Access at Home

What best describes the access you have to the internet at home?
internethome

Internet Access at Home N

Broadband 54155
Dial-up 1287
None 4253
N 59695

Internet access at work

What best describes the access you have to the internet at work (or at school)?
internetwork

Internet access at work N

Broadband 36219
Dial-up 1119
None 21893
N 59231

Latin heritage
From which country or region do you trace your heritage or ancestry? (Check all that
apply)
CC22_hisp

Latin heritage N
Latin Heritage - No Country in Particular 137
Latin Heritage - United States 3325
Latin Heritage - Mexico 3160
Latin Heritage - Puerto Rico 1168
Latin Heritage - Cuba 439
Latin Heritage - Dominican Republic 237
Latin Heritage - South America 578
Latin Heritage - Central America 414
Latin Heritage - Caribbean 146
Latin Heritage - Spain 1451
Latin Heritage - Other 658
Latin heritage - I am not of Latino, Hispanic or Spanish heritage 93
N 7819

Asian heritage
From which country or region do you trace your heritage or ancestry? (Check all that
apply)
CC22_asian

Asian heritage N
Asian Heritage - No Country in Particular 30
Asian Heritage - United States 237
Asian Heritage - China 439
Asian Heritage - Japan 183
Asian Heritage - India 248
Asian Heritage - Philippines 218
Asian Heritage - Taiwan 68
Asian Heritage - Korea 148
Asian Heritage - Vietnam 135
Asian Heritage - Pakistan 42
Asian Heritage - Hmong 9
Asian Heritage - Cambodia 30
Asian Heritage - Thailand 33
Asian Heritage - Other 120
Asian Heritage - I am not of Asian Heritage 10
N 1618

2016 President Vote Post Election

Who did you vote for in the election for President in 2016?
presvote16post

2016 President Vote Post Election N

Hillary Clinton 21279
Donald Trump 17993
Gary Johnson 1709
Jill Stein 890
Evan McMullin 286
Other 1067
Did not vote for President 14451
N 57675

Industry
$employtext
industry

Industry N
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 728
Mining 212
Utilities 871
Construction 2609
Manufacturing 4187
Professional and business services 4611
Educational services 5402
Health care and social assistance 6140
Leisure and hospitality 2135
Other services 8995
Wholesale trade 634
Retail trade 5128
Transportation and warehousing 2473
Information 2007
Financial activities 1935
Federal government 2001
State and local government 2797
N 52865

Sexual Orientation
Which of the following best describes your sexuality?
sexuality

Sexual Orientation N
Heterosexual / straight 51694
Lesbian / gay woman 871
Gay man 1776
Bisexual 3434
Other 900
Prefer not to say 1272
N 59947

Transgender
Do you identify as transgender?
transgender

Transgender N
Yes 839
No 58034
Prefer not to say 528
N 59401

Confirm registered zip code post

Our records show that you currently are registered to vote in the following zip code:
$w1commonzip. Is that information correct?
regzip_confirm_post

Confirm registered zip code post N

Yes 46585
No 513
N 47098

Confirm zip code post

Our records show that you currently live in the following zip code: $w1commonzip. Is
that information correct?
reszip_confirm_post

Confirm zip code post N

Yes 3796
No 87
N 3883

Voter Registration Status post

Are you registered to vote?
votereg_post

Voter Registration Status post N

Yes 47511
No 3158
Don't know 312
N 50981

Registered to vote post

Is $izip the zip code where you are registered to vote?
votereg_f_post
 Registered to vote post N
Yes 828
No 102
N 930

State post
State
inputstate_post

State post N
Alabama 772
Alaska 111
Arizona 1399
Arkansas 451
California 4106
Colorado 885
Connecticut 514
Delaware 182
District of Columbia 141
Florida 3721
Georgia 1627
Hawaii 179
Idaho 270
Illinois 1915
Indiana 1125
Iowa 523
Kansas 394
Kentucky 806
Louisiana 573
Maine 298
Maryland 873
Massachusetts 965
Michigan 1704
Minnesota 892
Mississippi 382
Missouri 1114
Montana 206
Nebraska 303
Nevada 620
New Hampshire 259
New Jersey 1363
New Mexico 346
New York 3120
North Carolina 1681
North Dakota 113
Ohio 2160
Oklahoma 564
Oregon 858
Pennsylvania 2707
Rhode Island 173
South Carolina 811
South Dakota 155
Tennessee 1113
Texas 3833
Utah 441
Vermont 105
Virginia 1405
Washington 1152
West Virginia 384
Wisconsin 1105
Wyoming 82
N 50981

Gender - post
What is your gender?
gender4_post

Gender - post N
Man 22286
Woman 28383
Non-binary 246
Other 66
N 50981

Voted in 2022 Midterms

Which of the following statements best describes you?
CC22_401

Voted in 2022 Midterms N

I did not vote in the election this November. 3367
I thought about voting this time – but didn't. 1474
I usually vote, but didn't this time. 1645
I attempted to vote but did not or could not. 827
I definitely voted in the November 2022 General Election. 40478
N 47791

Main reason didn't vote

What was the main reason you did not vote?
CC22_402a
 Main reason didn't vote N
I forgot 419
I'm not interested 1473
Too busy 912
Did not like the candidates 1025
I am not registered 1193
I did not have the correct form of identification 166
Out of town 553
Sick or disabled 916
Transportation 383
Bad weather 114
The line at the polls was too long 120
I was not allowed to vote at the polls, even though I tried 83
I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot 213
I did not know where to vote 140
I did not feel that I knew enough about the choices 1191
I was afraid I might expose myself to the coronavirus 152
Other 1110
Don't know 336
N 10499

Second reason didn't vote

Was there any other reason you did not vote?
CC22_402b

Second reason didn't vote N

I forgot 367
I'm not interested 938
Too busy 689
Did not like the candidates 793
I am not registered 645
I did not have the correct form of identification 129
Out of town 251
Sick or disabled 408
Transportation 387
Bad weather 140
The line at the polls was too long 121
I was not allowed to vote at the polls, even though I tried 70
I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot 119
I did not know where to vote 230
I did not feel that I knew enough about the choices 954
I was afraid I might expose myself to the coronavirus 283
Other 1261
Don't know 1793
N 9578
Vote in person or by mail
Did you vote in person on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail (that
is, absentee or vote by mail)?
CC22_403

Vote in person or by mail N

In person on election day 17242
In person before election day (early) 9114
Voted by mail (or absentee) 14520
Don't know 388
N 41264

Vote at precinct polling place or vote center

Did you vote at a precinct polling place or at a vote center?
CC22_403b

Vote at precinct polling place or vote center N

At a precinct polling place 13827
At a vote center 3310
N 17137

Where absentee ballot returned

Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was
returned?
CC22_403c

Where absentee ballot returned N

Post office box at a U.S. Postal Service location. 4054
Official post office box not at a U.S. Postal Service location. 1097
Picked up by the postal worker who delivers mail to my home. 3806

Drop box used only for ballots, not located at an election office or polling place. 3388
Main election office. 1025
Neighborhood polling place. 468
Voting center, not a neighborhood polling place. 238
Other 314
I don’t know 137
N 14527

How long it took to return mail ballot

Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait
before you could deposit your ballot and leave?
CC22_403d
 How long it took to return mail ballot N
Not at all 8859
Less than 10 minutes 999
10-30 minutes 165
31 minutes – 1 hour 40
More than 1 hour 5
I don’t know 194
N 10262

Voting length wait time

Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote?
CC22_404

Voting length wait time N

Not at all 12709
Less than 10 minutes 8600
10 - 30 minutes 3825
31 minutes - 1 hour 936
More than 1 hour 201
Don't know 81
N 26352

Registered to vote on Election Day

Did you register to vote at the polls or city office on Election Day this year?
CC22_405

Registered to vote on Election Day N

Yes 1731
No 13615
N 15346

Problem with voter registration or ID when trying to vote

Was there a problem with your voter registration or voter identification when you
tried to vote?
CC22_406a

Problem with voter registration or ID when trying to vote N

No 40118
Yes 1145
N 41263

Problem with voting

What was the problem? Check all that apply.
CC22_406b

Problem with voting N

Problem with voting - ID 207
Problem with voting - Registration 230
Problem with voting - Wrong place 154
Problem with voting - other 441
N 1170

Allowed to vote
Were you allowed to vote?
CC22_406c

Allowed to vote N
No, I was not allowed to vote 117
I was allowed to vote using a provisional ballot 196
I voted 823
N 1136

Senate vote post

For whom did you vote for U.S. Senator?
CC22_411

Senate vote post N

$SenCand1Name ($SenCand1Party) 16848
$SenCand2Name ($SenCand2Party) 11749
$SenCand3Name ($SenCand3Party) 269
$SenCand4Name ($SenCand4Party) 53
Other 371
I did not vote in this race 192
I did not vote 28
Not sure 215
N 29725

Senate vote 2nd race post

For whom did you vote for in the special election for U.S. Senate?
CC22_411b

Senate vote 2nd race post N

$SenCand1Name2 ($SenCand1Party2) 169
$SenCand2Name2 ($SenCand2Party2) 184
Other 5
I did not vote in this race 3
I did not vote 0
Not sure 9
N 370

House vote post

For whom did you vote for U.S. House?
CC22_412

House vote post N

$HouseCand1Name ($HouseCand1Party) 21676
$HouseCand2Name ($HouseCand2Party) 16191
$HouseCand3Name ($HouseCand3Party) 344
$HouseCand4Name ($HouseCand4Party) 35
$HouseCand5Name ($HouseCand5Party) 1
$HouseCand6Name ($HouseCand6Party) 22
$HouseCand7Name ($HouseCand7Party) 3
$HouseCand8Name ($HouseCand8Party) 1
Other 606
I did not vote in this race 967
I did not vote 84
Not sure 543
N 40473

Governor vote post

For whom did you vote for Governor?
CC22_413

Governor vote post N

$GovCand1Name ($GovCand1Party) 18262
$GovCand2Name ($GovCand2Party) 12724
$GovCand3Name ($GovCand3Party) 111
Other 428
I did not vote in this race 199
I did not vote 45
Not sure 173
N 31942

Senator prefer
In the race for U.S. Senator in your state, which candidate did you prefer?
CC22_411_nv

Senator prefer N
$SenCand1Name ($SenCand1Party) 2661
$SenCand2Name ($SenCand2Party) 1951
$SenCand3Name ($SenCand3Party) 30
$SenCand4Name ($SenCand4Party) 11
Other 252
Not sure 2526
N 7431

Senator prefer 2nd race

In the other race for U.S. Senator in your state, who did you prefer?
CC22_411b_nv

Senator prefer 2nd race N

$SenCand1Name2 ($SenCand1Party2) 50
$SenCand2Name2 ($SenCand2Party2) 43
Other 0
I did not vote in this race 28
I did not vote 49
Not sure 23
N 193

House prefer
In the race for U.S. House in your district, which candidate did you prefer?
CC22_412_nv

House prefer N
$HouseCand1Name ($HouseCand1Party) 3209
$HouseCand2Name ($HouseCand2Party) 2591
$HouseCand3Name ($HouseCand3Party) 160
$HouseCand4Name ($HouseCand4Party) 10
$HouseCand5Name ($HouseCand5Party) 1
$HouseCand6Name ($HouseCand6Party) 5
$HouseCand7Name ($HouseCand7Party) 1
$HouseCand8Name ($HouseCand8Party) 1
Other 278
Not sure 4163
N 10419

Governor prefer
In the race for Governor in your state, which candidate did you prefer?
CC22_413_nv

Governor prefer N
$GovCand1Name ($GovCand1Party) 3083
$GovCand2Name ($GovCand2Party) 2404
$GovCand3Name ($GovCand3Party) 37
Other 243
Not sure 2130
N 7897

State Vote - AG

In the race for Attorney General in $inputstate, which candidate did you prefer?
CC22_414a

State Vote - AG N
$AttCand1Name ($AttCand1Party) 16505
$AttCand2Name ($AttCand2Party) 12015
$AttCand3Name ($AttCand3Party) 471
Other 830
Not sure 3818
N 33639

State Vote - SOS

In the race for Secretary of State in $inputstate, which candidate did you prefer
CC22_414b

State Vote - SOS N

$SecCand1Name ($SecCand1Party) 12766
$SecCand2Name ($SecCand2Party) 7596
$SecCand3Name ($SecCand3Party) 814
Other 492
Not sure 2932
N 24600

Vote State legislature

For whom did you vote for in the elections for state legislature in $inputstate?
CC22_415_grid

Vote State legislature: Vote State legislature -- $inputstate State Senate All
Democratic candidate 21357
Republican candidate 15487
Other candidate 699
Did not vote in this race 798
There was no race for this office 1817
N 40158
 Vote State legislature: Vote State legislature -- $LowerChamberName All
Democratic candidate 21350
Republican candidate 15969
Other candidate 815
Did not vote in this race 891
There was no race for this office 1370
N 40395

Race/ethnicity politicians
What is the race or ethnicity of the following candidates or politicians?
CC22_416_grid

Race/ethnicity politicians: Race/ethnicity politicians -- $HouseCand1Name All

White 21896
Black 6820
Hispanic 3263
Asian 875
Other 762
Not sure 15110
N 48726

Race/ethnicity politicians: Race/ethnicity politicians -- $HouseCand2Name All

White 30292
Black 1972
Hispanic 2246
Asian 796
Other 415
Not sure 14259
N 49980

Race/ethnicity politicians: Race/ethnicity politicians -- $CurrentHouseName All

White 5349
Black 665
Hispanic 370
Asian 92
Other 135
Not sure 1543
N 8154

Use U.S. military troops

Would you approve of the use of U.S. military troops in order to ... ? (Please check all
that apply)
CC22_420
 Use U.S. military troops N
Use U.S. military troops - Ensure the supply of oil 11598
Use U.S. military troops - Destroy a terrorist camp 27395

Use U.S. military troops - Intervene in a region where there is genocide or a civil war 19037
Use U.S. military troops - Assist the spread of democracy 8660

Use U.S. military troops - Protect American allies under attack by foreign nations 34876
Use U.S. military troops - Help the United Nations uphold international law 23883
Use U.S. military troops - None of the above 6738
N 50981

trustfed
How much trust do you have in the federal government in Washington when it comes
to handling the nation’s problems?
CC22_423

trustfed N
A great deal 2901
A fair amount 16160
Not very much 20414
None at all 11461
N 50936

truststate
How much trust do you have in the government of the state where you live when it
comes to handling the nation’s problems?
CC22_424

truststate N
A great deal 5039
A fair amount 18719
Not very much 17612
None at all 9478
N 50848

Past year
During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply)
CC22_430a

Past year N
Past year - Attend local political meetings 4614
Past year - Put up a political sign 7042
Past year - Work for a candidate or campaign 2105
Past year - Attend a political protest, march or demonstration 3226
Past year - Contact a public official 11548

Past year - Donate money to a candidate, campaign, or political organization 10482

Past year - Donate blood 6037
Past year - None of these 27374
N 50981

Donate money
Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select
all that apply.
CC22_430b

Donate money N
Donate money - Candidate for President 2058
Donate money - Candidate for U.S. Senate in my state 3485
Donate money - Candidate for U.S. Senate in another state 3789
Donate money - Candidate for U.S. House in my state 2771
Donate money - Candidate for U.S. House in another state 1910
Donate money - Candidate for state office 2715
Donate money - Political party committee 3128
Donate money - Political action committee at work 1125
Donate money - Political group 1829
Donate money - Other 803
N 10505

Contacted by candidate or political campaign

Did a candidate or political campaign organization contact you during the 2022
election?
CC22_431a

Contacted by candidate or political campaign N

Yes 28330
No 22580
N 50910

Candidate contact method

How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply.
CC22_431b

Candidate contact method N

Candidate contact method - In person 4805
Candidate contact method - Phone call 14346
Candidate contact method - Email or text message 21682
Candidate contact method - Letter or post card 16169
N 28332

Ever run for office

Have you ever run for elective office at any level of government (local, state or
federal)?
CC22_432a

Ever run for office N

Yes 1937
No 48949
N 50886

Run for office

Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply.
CC22_432b

Run for office N

Run for office - School Board 454
Run for office - Other local board or commission 416
Run for office - City Council 558
Run for office - Mayor 208
Run for office - City or District Attorney 147
Run for office - Countywide office 185
Run for office - State legislature 218
Run for office - Statewide office 104
Run for office - Federal legislature 90
Run for office - Judge 54
Run for office - Other 355
N 1937

3 pt party ID
Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a ... ?
CC22_433a

3 pt party ID N
Democrat 20217
Republican 13686
Independent 14425
Other 2653
N 50981
Party ID Dem strength
Would you call yourself a strong Democrat or not so strong Democrat?
CC22_433_dem

Party ID Dem strength N

Strong Democrat 14059
Not so strong Democrat 6158
N 20217

Party ID Rep strength

Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not so strong Republican?
CC22_433_rep

Party ID Rep strength N

Strong Republican 8747
Not so strong Republican 4939
N 13686

Party ID lean
Do you think of yourself as closer to the Democratic or the Republican party?
CC22_433b

Party ID lean N
The Democratic Party 5106
The Republican Party 4471
Neither 6796
Not sure 705
N 17078

7 point Party ID
Party Id 7 point scale
CC22_pid7

7 point Party ID N
Strong Democrat 14059
Not very strong Democrat 6158
Strong Republican 8747
Not very strong Republican 4939
Lean Democrat 5106
Lean Republican 4471
Independent 6796
Not sure 705
N 50981
 Racial/Sexual agreement
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
CC22_440_grid

agreement: Racial/Sexual agreement -- White people in the U.S. have certain advantages because of theAll
color of their skin.
Strongly agree 15857
Somewhat agree 12404
Neither agree nor disagree 8107
Somewhat disagree 5243
Strongly disagree 9116
N 50727

All
Racial/Sexual agreement: Racial/Sexual agreement -- Racial problems in the U.S. are rare, isolated situations.
Strongly agree 4435
Somewhat agree 7557
Neither agree nor disagree 7527
Somewhat disagree 12847
Strongly disagree 17716
N 50082

Racial/Sexual agreement: Racial/Sexual agreement -- Women seek to gain power by getting control overAll
men.
Strongly agree 3057
Somewhat agree 6981
Neither agree nor disagree 14082
Somewhat disagree 9157
Strongly disagree 17454
N 50731

Racial/Sexual agreement: Racial/Sexual agreement -- Women are too easily offended. All
Strongly agree 5178
Somewhat agree 11039
Neither agree nor disagree 11992
Somewhat disagree 8403
Strongly disagree 14127
N 50739

Racial Resentment
How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
CC22_441_grid

All do the same without any

Irish, Italians, Jewish and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should
Strongly agree 13310
 Somewhat agree 10174
Neither agree nor disagree 9371
Somewhat disagree 7407
Strongly disagree 10671
N 50933

All work their way out of the lo

ent -- Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for blacks to
Strongly agree 13585
Somewhat agree 11770
Neither agree nor disagree 7095
Somewhat disagree 7440
Strongly disagree 11038
N 50928

All
Racial Resentment: Racial Resentment -- I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.
Strongly agree 5842
Somewhat agree 2813
Neither agree nor disagree 2685
Somewhat disagree 690
Strongly disagree 1051
N 13081

esentment: Racial Resentment -- Whites get away with offenses that African Americans would never getAllaway with.
Strongly agree 5972
Somewhat agree 2962
Neither agree nor disagree 2006
Somewhat disagree 775
Strongly disagree 1365
N 13080

All
sentment: Racial Resentment -- Whites do not go to great lengths to understand the problems African Americans face.
Strongly agree 4027
Somewhat agree 3707
Neither agree nor disagree 3218
Somewhat disagree 1048
Strongly disagree 1079
N 13079

State legislature spending

State legislatures must make choices when making spending decisions on important
state programs. How would you like your legislature to spend money on each of the
five areas below?
CC22_443

State legislature spending: State legislature spending -- Welfare All

Greatly increase 8905
Slightly increase 11363
Maintain 18564
Slightly decrease 6257
Greatly decrease 5864
N 50953

State legislature spending: State legislature spending -- Health Care All

Greatly increase 19985
Slightly increase 14018
Maintain 13109
Slightly decrease 2228
Greatly decrease 1629
N 50969

State legislature spending: State legislature spending -- Education All

Greatly increase 20440
Slightly increase 14057
Maintain 12542
Slightly decrease 2245
Greatly decrease 1682
N 50966

State legislature spending: State legislature spending -- Law Enforcement All

Greatly increase 12576
Slightly increase 14333
Maintain 15610
Slightly decrease 4713
Greatly decrease 3727
N 50959

State legislature spending: State legislature spending -- Transportation/Infrastructure All

Greatly increase 15347
Slightly increase 17922
Maintain 15123
Slightly decrease 1760
Greatly decrease 817
N 50969
Personal gun ownership
Do you or does anyone in your household own a gun?
gunown

Personal gun ownership N

Personally own a gun 12280
Don't personally own a gun, but someone in the household owns a gun 5838
No one in the household owns a gun 29860
Not sure 2775
N 50753

Student debtor
Are you currently responsible for paying off a student loan? (Please indicate yes even
if your student loan is currently in deferment.)
edloan

Student debtor N
Yes 9430
No 41483
Other 0
Don't know 0
None of these 0
N 50913

Student Full or Part-time

Are you enrolled in school as a full-time or part-time student?
student

Student Full or Part-time N

Full-time 1283
Part-time 373
I am not enrolled in school 1455
N 3111