DGT MH –CET 12th MATHEMATICS Study Material 1

Binomial Distribution 391

18 Binomial Distribution
• All the trials have the same probability of
Syllabus success.
Bernoulli Trial  Concept of Binomial • The outcomes of all the trials are statistically
Distribution.Conditions for Binomial Distribution. independent.
 Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution. • Example 1
In probability theory and statistics, the binomial An ordinary die is rolled a certain number of times.
distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete The probability of getting an odd number 2 times
probability distribution of the number of success is equal to the probability of getting an even number
in a sequence of n independent yes/no 3 times. Then, the probability of getting an odd
experiments, each of which yields success with number of times
same probability (say p), for example a coin can
1 1
come up head or tails and a child can be male or a. b.
female. These outcomes are often labeled as 32 2
success or failure. 1
Hence, a frequency distribution of the possible c. d. 2
25
number of successful outcomes in a given number
Sol (b)
of trials in each of which there is the same
Step I First of all find the probability of success
probability of success is called binomial
distribution. and failure. The probability of getting an odd
number in a throw,
Bernoulli Trial
In a random experiment, if there are any two 3 1
p= =
events, Success and Failure and the sum of the 6 2
probabilities of these two events is one, then any the probability of getting an even number,
outcome of such experiment is known as a
1 1
Bernoulli trial. q=1– 
2 2
Let a binomial experiment has probability of
success p and that of failure q (i.e.p + q = 1). If E Step II Using the formula
be an event and let X = number of success i.e. P(X = r) = nC, pr qn–r
number of times event E occurs in n trials. The probability of getting odd number 2 times in
Then, probability distribution of binomial n trials
distribution with parameters n and p is given by 3 n 3

P (X = r) = Probability of r success in n trials

1 1
= nC3    
"Cr' pr qn–r [p + q =1] 2 2
= (r + 1) th term in the expansion of (q + p)n. n n3
1 1
It is written as From the questiosn, C2    
n
2 2
X ~ B(n,p) or X ~ Bi (n,p,)
Generally, the trials must meet the following  n=5
requirements: Step III Non find the required probability.
• The total number of trials is fixed in advance. Required probability
• There are just two outcomes of each trials, 4 3 5

success and failure.

 1  1  1 1
= C1     + 5C3   + 5C5  
5
  
2 2  
3 2

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 DGT MH –CET 12th MATHEMATICS Study Material 2

Binomial Distribution 392

1 X has the binomial distribution with n = 10,

= (5+10 + 1)
25 1
p= and X = 6.
2
16 1
=
32 2 6 10 6 10
1 1 1
Concept of Binomial Distribution  P(X = 6) = 10C6     = 10C6  
2 2 2

The probability distrfbution of number of

successes in an experiment consisting n Bernoulli  P(X  r)  n C r p r q n r 
trials obtained by the binomial expansion (p +q)n
is called binomial distribution. 10! 1 105
=  
In this distribution, the number of success X can 6!4! 210 512
be written as
X 0 1 2 ....r... n Conditions for Binomial Distribution
P(X) n
C0 p0q n n
C2 p3q n 2 n
Cr pr q n r n
Cn p n .q 0
The starting point in discussion of a binomial
This probability distribution is known as binomial distribution to consider an experiment in which
distribution with parameters nand p, because for the possible outcomes of the experiment can be
given values of nand p, we can find the complete classified into one of the two categories, a success
probability distribution. or a failure. The basic experiment, often called
Here, P (X = r) = nCr, pn qn is called the probability trial, is repeated a given number of times, n trials
function of the binomial function. which constitute the binomial experiment. The
where, p = Probability of success, conditions, characterising a binomial distribution,
q = Probability of failure can be stated as follows:
and n = umber of trials, also p +q = 1 i. The experiment called the binomial experiment
A binomial distribution with n Bernoulli trials and consists of a fixed number n of independent
probability of success in each trial as p is denoted and performed under identical conditions
by B (n, p) Bernoulli trials.
In a binomial distribution, an outcome having ii. The performance of a Bernoulli trial results in
highest probability is called most likely outcome. an outcome that can be classified either as a
success or a failure.
• Example 2
iii. The probability of success is known and
If a fair coin is tossed 10 times, find the probability
remains the same from trial to trial. Further, if
of exactly 6 heads.
P (success) = p and P (failure) = q, then
105 1024 p + q = 1,0 < P < 1
a. b.
512 105 Mean and Variance of Binomial
256 2048 Distribution
c. d. Let X ~ B (n,p) then
105 501
Sol. (a) Here, a fair coin is tossed 10 times and in P (X = r) = P(X = r) nCrprqn–r
each trial, we get either head or tail. Repeated where, r = 0, 1,2, ...,n
tosses of a coin are Bernoulli trials. and p + q = 1
Let X denotes the number of heads in an  Mean, X = E(X) = np
experiment of 10 trials.
and variance, var (X) = x2 = npq
1 1 1
 n = 10, p = ,q=1– = Standard deviation, SD(x) = npq
2 2 2

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Binomial Distribution 393

Relation between Mean and Variance Example 3
Mean – Variance = np - npq The mean of a binomial distribution is 40 and
= np(l– q) = np2 > 0 standard deviation 6, then the value of n is equal
 [ Mean > Variance to
i.e.For binomial variable X, value of mean is a. 100 b. 400
always greater than its variance. c. 300 d. 500
Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution Sol (b) The mean of binomial distribution is given by
n np and standard deviation by npq
Mean ()  x p
i 1
i 1 = np
Since, npq = 6; npq = 36 and np = 40
n

Variance (2)  x p
i 1
2
i i   2 = npq
Therefore, 40q = 36 or q =
36
= 0.9
40
n p = 1 – q = 1 – 0.9 = 0.1
Standard deviation ()  x p
i 1
2
i i  2 = npq
40 40
Given, np = 40 or n = = = 400
p 0.1
Hence, for the given question, n = 400.

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Binomial Distribution 394

Exercise 1
(Topical Problems)
Binomial Distribution 20
1
1. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet a.   (20C12 + 20C13 + ... + 20C20)
is considered a success, the probability of two 2
successes is 10
1
25 13 b.   (20C11 + 20C12 +... + 20C20)
a. b. 2
128 216
d. None of the above
25 11 6. India plays two matches each with the West Indies
c. d.
216 128 and Australia. In any match, the probabilities of
2. One hundred identical coins, each with probability India getting 0, 1 and 2 points are 0.45, 0.05 and
p of showing up heads are tossed once. If 0 < P < 0.50, respectively. Assuming that the outcomes
1and the probability of heads showing on 50 coins are independent, the probability of India getting
is equal to that of heads showing on 51 coins, atleast 7 points, is.
then the value of p, is 1 7
a. b.
1 49 80 80
a. b.
2 101
7 1
c. d.
50 51 8 8
c. d.
101 101 7. Suppose X has a binomial distribution B
3. A bag consists of 10 balls each marked with one  1
of the digits 0 to 9. If four balls are drawn  6,  then which of the outcome is most likely?
 2
successively with replacement from the bag. What
is the probability that none is marked with the a. X = a and X = 6 b. X = 3
digit O? c. X = 0 d. X = 6
2 3
8. In four throws with a pair of dice, the chance of
9 9 throwing doublets atleast twice is
a.   b.  
 10   10 
19 125
a. b.
4 5 144 144
9 9
c   d.  
 10   10  17 18
c. d.
4. A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 144 144
and backward with probability 0.6. The probability 9. On a multiple choice examination with three
that at the end of eleven steps he is just one step possible answer for each of the five questions,
away from the starting point, is what is the probability that a candidate would get
a. 11C5(OA)6(0.6)5 b. 11C6(0.4)5(0.6)6 four or more correct answer just by guessing?
c. 11C5(0.4)5(0.6)5 d. nC5(0.4)5 (0.6)5 3 1
5. In an examination, 20 questions of true-false type a. b.
243 243
are asked. Suppose a students tosses a fair coin
to determine his answer to each question. If the 25 11
c. d.
coin falls heads, he answers true, if it falls tails, 243 243
he answers false. The probability that he answers 10. A man takes a forward step with probability (.8)
atleast 12 questions correctly is and backward step with probability (.2). What is
the probability that at the end of 9 steps he is
exactly three steps away from starting points?

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Binomial Distribution 395

69888 5377 7
a. b. B. 7 P (atleast 5 successes) 2.
58 58 64

5378 5376 3
c. d. C. 3 P (atmost 5 successes) 3.
58 58 32
11. In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. A B C A B C
The probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs, a. 1 2 3 b. 3 1 2
none is defective is c. 1 3 2 d. 3 2 1
5 16. If in a binomial distribution n= 4, P (X = 0) =
1
a. 10–1 b.   16
2 , then P(X = 4) equals
81
5
9 9
1 1
c.   d.
 10  10 a. b.
16 81
12. Unbiased coin is tossed 6 times. The probability
1 1
of getting atmost 4 heads is c. d.
27 8
7 57 17. A coin is tossed 2n times. The chance that the
a. b.
64 64 number of times one gets head is not equal to the
number of times one gets tail is
21 11
c. d. 2n
32 32 1
13. The probability of India winning a test match a. 2n
Cn   b. 1 – 2nCn
2
2
against England is . Assuming independence  1 
3 c. 1– 2nCn  n  d. None of these
4 
from match to match, the probability that in a 7
match series India's third win occurs at the fifth 18. If X and Yare independent binomial variates
match, is  1  1
B  5,  and B  7,  then P (X + Y = 3), is
8 16  2  2
a. b.
27 81
35 55
a. b.
8 32 47 1024
c. d.
81 81
220 11 11
14. A dice is thrown 100 times. if getting an even c. d.
512 204 204
number is considered a success, the variance of
19. If in a trial the probability of success is twice the
the number of successes, is
probability of failure. In six trials the probability
a. 50 b. 25 of at least four successes is
c. 10 d. 100
496 400
15. A dice is thrown 6 times. If 'getting an odd number' a. b.
is a success, then match the terms of column I 729 729
with their respective values in column II and 500 600
choose the correct option from the codes given c. d.
729 729
below.
20. A coin is tossed n times. The probability of getting
Column I Column II
head atleast once is greater than 0.8, then the least
63 value of n is
A. 63 P (5 successes) 1. a. 2 b. 3
64
c. 5 d. 4

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Binomial Distribution 396

21. The records of a hospital show that 10% of the 16 8
cases of a certain disease are fatal. If 6 patients a. b.
9 3
are suffering from the disease, then the probability
that only three will die, is 4 2
c. d.
a. 8748 × 10–5 b. 1458 × 10–5 3 3
–6
c. 1458 × 10 d. 41 × 10–6 26. The mean and the variance of a binomial
22. The probability that a bulb produced by a factory distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Then, the
will fuse after 150 days of use is 0.05. Then, probability of 2 successes is
match the probability that out of 5 such bulbs will a. 28 b. 219
fuse after 150 days of use in column I with their c. 128 d. 37
respective values in column II and choose the
27. A dice is tossed 5 times. Getting an odd number
correct option from the codes given below.
is considered a success. Then, the variance of
Column I Column II
distribution of success is
A. P(none) 1. 1– (0.95)5
B. P (not more than one) 2. I – (0.95) 4 ×1.2 8 3
C. P (more than one) 3. (0.95)4 × 1.2 a. b.
3 8
D. P (at least one) 4. (0.95)5
Codes 4 5
c. d.
A B C D 5 4
a. 2 4 1 3 28. The mean and variance of a random variable X
b. 4 3 2 1 having a binomial distribution are 4 and 2
c. 4 3 1 2 respectively. Then, P(X > 6) is equal to
d. 4 1 3 2 1 3
a. b.
23. The probability that a certain kind of component 256 256
3 9 7
will survive a given shock test is . The c. d.
4 256 256
probability that exactly 2 of the next 4 components 29. A random variable X follows binomial distribution
tested survive is with mean  and variance . Then,
9 25 a. 0 <  <  b. 0 <  < 
a. b.
41 125 c.  < 0 <  d.  < 0 < 
30. The mode of the binomial distribution for which
1 27
c. d. mean and standard deviation are 10 and 5
5 128
respectively, is
Mean & Variance
a. 7 b. 8
24. The mean and variance of a random variable X
c. 9 d. 10
having a binomial distribution are 4 and 2
respectively, then P (X = 1),is
1 8
a. b.
4 3

4 2
c. d.
3 3
25. In eight throws of a dice 1 or 3 is considered a
success. Then, the standard deviation of success,
is

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Binomial Distribution 397

Exercise 2
(Miscellaneous Problems)
1. If two coins are tossed five times, then the 7. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails.
probability of getting 5 heads and 5 tails is The probability that in the next six trials there are
atleast 4 successes, is
63 1
a. b.
256 1024 496 233
a. b.
729 729
2 9
c. d.
205 64 432 256
c. d.
2. A six faced dice is so biased that it is twice as 729 729
likely to show an even number as an odd number 8. If X follows a binomial distribution with
when thrown. If it is thrown twice the probability 1
that the sum of two numbers thrown is even, is parameters n = 100 and p = , then P (X = r) is
3
4 5 maximum when r is equal to
a. b.
9 9 a. 32 b. 34
1 c. 33 d. 31
c. d. None of these 9. For a binomial variate X with n = 6, if P (X = 4)
9
3. A fair coin is tossed a fixed number of times. If 13
then its variance is
the probability of getting 4 heads equals the 212
probability of getting 7 heads, then the probability
8 1
of getting 2 heads is a. b.
9 4
55 3
a. b. 9
2048 4096 c. d. 4
8
1 10. The probability that a marksman will hit a target
c. d. None of these
1024
1
4. An unbiased coin is tossed n times. If the is given as . Then, the probability that at least
5
probability that head occurs 6 times is equal to
one hit in 10 shots is
the probability that head occurs 8 times, then n
equals to 10
4 1
a. 7 b. 14 a. 1    b.
5 510
c. 16 d. 19
5. An unbiased coin is tossed n times. Let X denote 1
c. 1– d. None of these
the number of times head occurs. If P (X = 4), P 510
(X = 5) and P (X = 6) are in AP, then the value of 11. A carton contains 20 bulbs, 5 of which are
n can be defective. The probability that, if a sample of 3
a. 7, 14 b. 10, 14 bulbs is chosen at random from the carton, 2 will
c. 12, 7 d. None of these be defective, is
6. The probability that an event A happens in one
1 3
trial of an experiment is 0.4. Three independent a. b.
trials of the experiment are formed. The 16 64
probability that the event A happens atleast once 9 2
is c. d.
64 3
a. 0.936 b. 0.784
c. 0.904 d. None of these

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Binomial Distribution 398

12. If X follows a binomial distribution with
9 4
1 c. log 4  log 3 d. log 4  log 3
10 10 10 10
parameters n = 8 and p = , then P (|X – 4| < 2)
2
equals
17. The mean and variance of a binomial variable X
118 119 are 2 and 1 respectively. The probability that X
a. b) takes values greater than 1, is
128 128

117 5 8
c. d. None of these a. b.
128 16 16
13. A biased coin with probability p, 0 < p <1 of heads 11 1
is tossed until a head appears for the first time. If c. d.
16 16
the probability that the number of tosses required
18. If X is a binomial variate with the range
2 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and P (X = 2) = 4P (X = 4),
is even is , then p equals
5 then the parameter p of X is

1 2 1 1
a. b. a. b.
3 3 3 2

2 3 2 3
c. d. c. d.
5 5 3 4
14. Five coins are tossed simultaneously. The 19. If the probability density function of a random
probability that atleast one head turning up, is x
variable X is f(x) = in 0 < x < 2, then
1 5 2
a. b.
32 32
 x  1.5 
P  is equal to
7 31  x 1 
c. d.
16 32
7 3
15. The mean and standard deviation of a binomial a. b.
16 4
variate X are 4 and 3 respectively. Then,
7 21
P (X > 1) is equal to c. d.
12 64
16 16
1  3 20. A factory produces bulbs. The probability that
a. 1 –   b. 1 –  
4 4 1
any one bulb is defective is and they are
16 16 50
2 1
c. 1 –   d. 1 –   packed in boxes of 10. From a single box, match
 3  3 the probabilities of events in column I with their
respective values in column II and choose the
 1
16. In a binomial distribution B  n, p   if the correct option from the codes given below.
 4
Column I Column II
probability of atleast one success is greater than
45  (49)9
A. None of the bulbs is defective l. (50)10
9
or equal to , then n is greater than
10 59  49 
9

B. Exactly two bulbs are defective 2.  

50  50 
1 1
a. log 4  log 3 b. log 4  log 3 10
 49 
110 10 10 10 C. More than 8 bulbs work properly 3.  
 50 

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Binomial Distribution 399

Codes
nk p  n  k 1 p
A B C A B C a.  . b.  .
 k 1  q  k  q
a. 3 1 2 b. 1 2 3
c. 3 2 1 d. 2 1 3  n 1 q  n 1 q
21. A dice has four blank faces and two faces marked c.  . d.  .
 k  p  k 1 p
3. The chance of getting a total of 12 in 5 throws
26. For a binomial variate X with n = 6, if P(X = 2)
is
= 9P(X = 4), then its variance is
4 4
1  2 1  2
a. 5C4  3   3  b. 5C4  3   3  a.
8
b.
1
9 4
5 4
1 1 5 9
c. C4  6 
5
d. C4  6   6 
5 c.
8
d. 4.

4
27. If A and B each toss three coins. The probability
5 1 that both get the same number of heads is
e. 5C4  6   6 
1 3
a. b.
22. In a binomial distribution the mean is 15 and 9 16
variance is 10. Then, parameter n is
5 3
a. 28 b. 16 c. d.
16 8
c. 45 d. 25
28. A dice is thrown 5 times, then the probability that
23. The mean and variance of binomial distribution
an even number will come up exactly 3 times, is
are 4 and 3 respectively. Then, the probability of
getting exactly six success in this distribution is 5 1
a. b.
6 10 16 2
1  3
a. C6     3 3
16
4 4 c. d.
16 2
16 20
 1  3 29. A dice is tossed thrice. If event of getting an even
b. 16C    
6
4 4 number is a success, then the probability of getting
atleast two successes is
16 20
 1  3 7 1
c. C6
    a. b.
16
4 4 8 4
16 20
1  3 2 1
d. 16
C9     c. d.
4 4 3 2
24. If a dice is thrown twice, the probability of 30. The probability that in a family of 5 members,
occurrence of 4 atleast once is exactly 2 members have birthday on Sunday, is

11 35 12  53
a. b. a.
36 36 75

7 10  62
c. d. None of these b.
12 75
25. If X has binomial distribution with mean np and 2
c.
P(X  k) 5
variance npq, then is equal to
P(X  k  1)
10  63
d.
75

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Binomial Distribution 400

31. A fair dice is thrown twenty times. The probability 32. If the mean and the variance of a Binomial variate
that on the tenth throw the fourth six appears is X are 2 and 1 respectively, then the probability
that X takes a value greater than or equal to one,
20
C10  57 120  57
a. b. is
610 610
9 3
84  56 a. b.
c. d. None of these 16 4
610
1 15
c. d.
16 16

MHT-CET Corner

1. 15 coins are tossed, the probability of getting 10 2. If x follows the binomial distribution with
heads will be parameters n = 6 and p and 9P (X = 4)= P
(X = 2), then p is
511
a. 1 1 1 2
32768 a. b. c. d.
4 3 2 3
1001
b. 3. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Then, the
32768 value of E (X), where X denotes the number of
3003 heads is
c.
32768 1
a. b. 2
3005 2
d. c. 1 d. None of the above
32768

Answers
Exercise 1
1. c 2. d 3. c 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. a
11. c 12. b 13. b 14. b 15. d 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. a 20. b
21. b 22. b 23. d 24. b 25. c 26. a 27. d 28. c 29. b 30. d
Exercise 2
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. c 9. c 10. a
11. c 12. b 13. a 14. d 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. a 19. c 20. a
21. a 22. c 23. a 24. a 25. b 26. c 27. c 28. a 29. d 30. d
31. c 32. d
MHT–CET Corner
1. c 2. a 3. c

MATHEMATICS – MHT-CET Himalaya Publication Pvt. Ltd.

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 DGT MH –CET 12th MATHEMATICS Study Material 11

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 12

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
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DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
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DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 15

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 16

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
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DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448
 18

DGT Group - Tuitions (Feed Concepts) XIth – XIIth | JEE | CET | NEET | Call : 9920154035 / 8169861448