lkgmduced & GL’XUL - Publication 34-1

EN61NEERING DOClJYENlI
*11l1lhPXtXliiiWlMIEC
Unda Rw0 Rmd

COMMISSION ~LECTRllTECHNI~UEINTERNATlONALE
NORME DE LA CEl

INTERNATIONAL ELECTHOTECHNICAL COMMISSION

IEC STANUARD

Publication 34-1
HuiGme Bdilion - Eighth edirion
1983

oEuxlr%E IMPRESSION 1991 SECOND IMPRESSION 1991

Machines Blectriques tournantes

Premiere partie: Caracttkistiques assignees et caracthristiques de fonctionnement

Rotating electrical machines

Part 1: Rating and performance

0 CEI 1983

Oroirs d e reproducrion rbsenk - Copyright . all rights reserved

B u r e a u C e n t r a l d e l a C o m m i s s i o n Elecrrotechnique lnternarionale
3. rue de VarembC
Genkve. Suisse
Rivision de la prkente publication Revision of this publication I-
Lc contcnu t e c h n i q u e dcs publications de la CE I cs The technica\ content of I EC publications is kept under
constammcnt rcvu par la Commission afin d’assurcr qu’il rcAirto constant review by the I EC. thus ensuring that the conyt
bicn I’?tat actucl de la technique. reflects currmt tcchnolo~y.

Lo rcnscignemcnts rclatifs i c c t r a v a i l d e r6vision. i Information on the work of revision. the issue of revised
I’&blisscment da editions rtvis6cs CI aux mists i jour pcuvcnt editions and amendment sheets may be obtained from I EC
Ctrc &terms auprts dcs Comitis nsrionaux de la C E 1 et en National Committees and from the rollowing I EC sources:
consultant lcs documents cidasous:

l Bulletin de In C E I . I EC Bulletin

l AnnmIre de 1s CEI l IECYcarbook

l Cntnlogue da publication de In C EI l Cn~nlogue of I EC Publications

Publit annucllemcnt Published yearly

Terminologie Terminology
E n c c qui conccrne la tcrminologie gintralc. lc lcctcur s e For general terminology. readers xc rercrrcd to I E C
rcporwa 1 l a P u b l i c a t i o n S O d e l a CEI: Vocabulaire Publication 50: International Elcctrotcchnical Vocsbulary
Elcctrotcchnique International (VEI). qui es, itablic sous forme (IEV). which is issued in the form or scparatc chapters each
d e chapitrcs s&parts traitant chacun d’un sujet dbfini. I‘lndcx dealing with a specific field. the General Index being published
g&~&al ttant publit dpartmcn:. Des d&ails complets SW Ic VEI as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplied
peuvcnt itre obtcnus sur dcmandc. on rcqucsr.
Lcs tcrmes et dkfinitions fi$urant dans la prCscn:e publication The terms and definitions contained in the present publication
ont &rk soit rcpris du VEI. soit sp&ifiqucmcnt approuv& aux have either been taken rrom the IEV or have been spctifinlly
fins dc cettc publication. approved (or the purpose of this publication.

Symboles graphiques et Iittkwx Graphical and letter symbols

P o u r Its symbolcs graphiqucs, symboles lit&wx et sipncs For gaphical symbols, and let~crs)mbols and signs approved
d’usagc gh&ral approuvb par la C E I. Ic lccrcur consultera: by the I EC for general use. readers arc rcfcrrcd to:
- la Publication 27 de la CE I: Symbolcs littbraux d utiliscr en - I EC Publication 27: Letter symbols IO be used in clcctrical
ilcctrotcchniquc; technology:
- l a P u b l i c a t i o n II7 d e l a CEI: Symbolcs graphiques - I EC Publication 117: Recommended graphical symbols.
rccommandts.
Lcr rymbolcs CI sipnn contents dans la prtsente publication The symbols and rigs contained in the present publication
ont &I( soit repris dcs Publications 27 ou I I7 de la C E I. soil have either been taken from I EC Publications 27 or 117. or
sp~ifiquement approuv6s aux fins dc cctte publication. have been specifically approved for the purpox ol’ this
publication.

Publications de la CEI itablies par le mEme I E C publicatiom prepared by the same

Comitk d’Etudes Technical Committee

L’artention du lccreur cst attirk SW les pases 3 et 4 de la The attention of readers is drawn to pages 3 and 4 of the
couvcrturc. qui Cnum&rcnt les publications dc la C E l priparter cover. which list 1 EC publications issued by the Technical
p a r le Comitl. d’Etudcr qui a ktabli la prtsentc publicxion. Committee which has prepared the present publication.

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34-l 8 IEC 1983 -3-

CONTENTS
pw
Foravo~................................ 7
PREFKE................................. . . . 7

SECWX.’ ONE -. SCOPE

aausc
I. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

S ECTION Two - DEFtNmONS

2. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

SECTION THREE - Dvn AND RATING

3. Rules for declaration of duty and for rclecfion of a class of rating . . . . . . 19
4.Dutytypn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5. Classerofnting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6. Designation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. Assignment of ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
a. &id OUtDUt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
9. :Rated v&age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10. Machines wkh mom than one rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

S~cno~ FOUR - OPERATING Coh~moxs

II. Altitude, temperature and coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
12. Electrical condirions . . . . . . . . . . 33

S ECTION FIVE - TEMPERA= RISE

13. (Reserved for future use) . . . . . . . . . . 37

14. Conditions during tempenturc-rise test . . . . . . . . . . . 37
15. Determination of temperature rise . . . . . . . , . . 39
16. Limits of temperatures and tempcraturc rises . . . . . . -. 51

SECTION SIX - DIELECTRIC rrs~s

17. Dielectric tests. . . . . . . . . . . . 63

SE~ON SEVEV - MISCELUNEO~~ ~~uwzr~~!sncs

Occasional cxccss current for rotating machines . . . . . . . . . 69
Momeneq cxccss torque for motors. . . . . . . . . . 69
Pull-up torque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
ovecq.xd . . . . . . . . . 73
U n b a l a n c e d currents o f s y n c h r o n o u s m a c h i n e s . . . I . . . . . 77
23. Short-circuit cureat . . . . . . 77
24. Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machina . . . . . . . , . . 79

SECTION EIGHT - CoMMm*nON TEST

2s. Commutation test for direct or alternating cwr~m commutator machines . . . I . 79

SECIION NINE - TOLEXANC~

26. Schedule of tolerances on quantities involved in the rating of electrical machines . 79

SECTION TN - R*TINC PLATES

27. Rating plates . . . . . . 83

SE~ON ELEVEN - IRREGUURmEs OF W*vEPORM

28. Rcquircmcnrs and wsls . . . . 85
 - 4 - 34-1 0 CEI 1983

SEWON WUZE- COORDlNATlONDSSTSKSIONS EXDP P",SSANN

hicki /
29. Coordination du tensions et da puissances . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

SECI-IONTR~ZE-FXUXIPTIOMDE CONSTRUCTION

30. Bomesdctcnc . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 90
31. Clavettc de bout d’arbrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
FIGURES.............................................. 94

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34-1 63 IEC 1983 - 5 -

29. Co-ordination of voltaga and outpurs . . . . . . . . . 91

SECTION THIRTEEN - CONSTRUC~ONAL R.EWREMN’IS

30. Earth mminalr . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . 91
31. Shaft extension key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
FIC~.......................................,...... 94

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34-1 0 IEC 1983 -7-

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Part 1: Rating and performance

FOREWORD

I) The formal decisions or agreements of the I EC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all
the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible. an inrcmational
consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
scnsc.
3) In order IO promote international unification. the I E C expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt
the text of the 1 EC recommendation for their national nrics in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence
berwem the I E C recommendations and the corresponding national rules should. as far as possible. be clearly indica:ed
in the latter.
4) The I E C has not laid down any procedure concerning marking as an indication of approval and has no responsibility
when an item of quipmem is declared to comply with one of its recommendations.

PREFACE

This standard has been prepared by I EC Technical Committee No. 2: Rotating Machinery.
It forms the eighth edition of Publication 34-1 and incorporates Amendments No. I (1977). No. 2 (1979). NO . 3 (1980)
and No. 4 (1981). It supcnedes the seventh edition issued in 1969. -.
This new edition incorporates editorial changes including those necnsary to align the text with I EC Publication 50(151): -
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), Chapter ISI: Elecrrial and Magnetic Devices. I_ .-

This standard forms Pan 1 of a series of publications dealing with rotating electrical machines. the other paa being:

Pan 2: Methods for Dewnxining Losses and Eficicncy of Rotating Electrical Machinery from Tests (excluding Machines
for Traction Vehicles). issued as I EC Publicadon 34-2.

Pan 3: Ratings and Characteristics of Three-phase, 50 Hz Turbine-type Machines, issued as 1 EC Publication 34-3.

Part 4: Methods for Determining Synchronous Machine Quantities from Tests. issued as 1 EC Publication 34-4

Part 5: Classification of Degrees of Protection provided by Enclosures for Rotating Machines. issued as I EC
Publication 34-S.
Part 6: Methods of Cooling Rotating Machinery, issued as I EC Publication 366.
I - Pan 7: Symbols for Types of Construction and Mounting Arrangements of Rotating Electrical Machinery, issued as I E C
Publication 34-7.
Part 8 : Terminal Markings and Direction of Rotation of Rbtating Machines, issued as I EC Publication 34-S.

Part 9: Noise Liiiu, issued as I E C Publication 34-9.

Pan IO: Conventions for Description of Synchronous Machines. issued as I E C Publication 34-10.

Part I I : Built-in Thermal Protection. Chapter I: Rules for Protection of Rotating Electrical Machines, issued as I EC
Publication 34-l I.
Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-speed Three-phase Cage Induction Motors for Voltages up to and Including 660 V.
issued as I E C Publication 34-12.
P a n 13: Specification for Mill Auxiliary Motors. issued as I EC Publication 34.13.
Par1 14: Mechanical Vibration of Certain Machines with Shaft Heights 56 mm and Higher - Measurement. Evaluation
and Limits of the Vibration Severity, issued as I EC Publication 34-14:

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34-l 0 I EC 1983 - 9 -

Drafts were discussed at the meetings held in Stockholm in 1990 and in Zurich in 1982. As a result of the meeting held
in Stockholm. a draft. Documcm 2(Ccntrsl Ofiicc)470. was submitted to the Nadonal Committees for approw) under the
Six Months’ Rule in September 1980. A revised draft was circulared to the National Cornminces under the Accelerated
Procedure in April 1980 and. as Document 1(Central Offcc)472. was submitted to the National Commitlees for approval
under the Six Momhs’ Rule in October 1980. Two further drafts. Documents I’(Centnl Oficc)J’IJ and 475. wcx submitwd
IO the National Committees for approval under the Six Months’ Rule in February 1981.
As a result of the meeting held in Zurich. drafts. Documents ?(Cenrral Oficel485. 486. 487. 48% 489 and 490 were
submitred to the National Committees for approval under the Six Months’ Rule in May 1981.
Amendments to Documents 1(Ccntml Oficc)475 and 487. t)ocumcnts Xcntral Office)483 and 501. wcrc submitted to
the National Commirwcs for approval under the Two Months’ Procedure in January 1982 and Fcbruory 1983 respectively.
.- The National Commiuccs of the following counrrics voted explicitly in P~vour oi publication

- - - -

170 171 474 47s L83 186 $87 489 501

- - - - - - -
Argcmina .’
Australia. . . . . . + + + + i
Austria . ; +
Belgium . . . . + t + f + +
Bulgaria . . . + +
Q Canada . . . + + +
China . . . . . . . + + + + +
Czechoslovakia . + + + + +
Denmark . . + + + I + +
Egypt + f + + + + +
Finland . . . + + + i + +
F r a n c e . f + + + i
German Dcmwratic R e p u b l i c . + + + T f +
Gcmany. . . . . -L + + I i
Hungary. . . + + + + + +
My. . . ; i +
J a p a n + + + i + I
Korea (Dcmocradc People‘s
R e p u b l i c 00
+ +
Korea (Republic of). . + +
Netherlands . + + i + c
Poland. . . . . + + i + i + +
R o m a n i a . + i
S o u t h A f r i c a ( R e p u b l i c 00 . + + + + f +
S p a i n i i + i +
Sweden . + + + 7 +
S w i t z e r l a n d . i + ; + L +
Turkey . . . . + +
Union or Soviet
Socialist Republics . .
+ i + f +
U n i t e d K i n g d o m -L + + i + +
U n i t e d States o f A m e r i c a . . + i + +
Y u g o s l a v i a . + L f
- - - - - - -
Orher I E C publicmions quoted in rhis smndard:
Publications Nos. 34: Rotating Electrical Machines.
34-2: Part 2: Methods for Dewmining Losses and EPiiciency of Rotating Electrical Machinery
from Tests (excluding Machines for Traction Vehicles).

343: Part 3: Ratings and Characwisrics of Three-phase. 50 Hz Turbine-type Machines.

34-6: Parr 6: Me:hods of Cooling Rotating ,Machinery.

34-i: Part 7: Symbols for Types of Construction nnd Mounling Arrangemcnls for Rotating
Electrical Machinery.
38: I EC Standard Voltages.
50: International Electrorechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
50( I5 I): Chapter 15 I : Elc&cal and .Magnetic Devices.
50(4l I): Chapter 41 I: Rotating Machines.

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34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 11 -

Publications Nos. 79:Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres.

92:Electrical Installations in Ships.
117: Recommended Graphical Symbols.
117-l:Pan I: Kind of Current. Distribution Systems. Methods of Connection and Circuit
Elements.
279: Measurement of the Winding Resistance of an A.C. Machine during Operation at
Alternative Voltage.
349: Rules for Rotating Electrical Machines for Rail and Road Vehicles.

445: Identification or Apparatus Terminals and General Rules for a Uniform System of
_- Terminal Marking. Using an Alphanumeric Notation.

Or/w publication quad:

IS0 Standard 497: Guide to the Choice of Series of Preferred Numbers and or Series Containing more Rounded
Values of Preferred Numb-en.

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34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 13 -

ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Part 1: Rating and performance

SECTION ONE - SCOPE

1. Scope

This standard is applicable to all rotating machines except those covered by other I EC
standards - for example, I EC Publication 349: Rules for Rotating Electrical Machines for
Rail and Road Vehicles.
Machines within the scope of this standard may also be subject to superseding, modifying
or additional requirements in other publications - for example, I EC Publication 79:
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres. and I EC Publication 92: Electrical
Installations in Ships.

Nore. - If particular clauxs of this standard are modified LO meet special applications. for example machines subject
to radioactivity or machines for acrospacc all other clauses apply in so far as they arc compatible.

SECTION TWO - DEFINITIONS

2. General

For the definitions of general terms used in this standard, reference should be made to I EC
Publication 50(411): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV): Chapter 411: Rotating
Machines.
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply:

2.1 Rating
The whole of the numerical values of the electrical and mechanical quantities with their
durations and sequence assigned to the machine by the manufacturer and stated on the rating
plate, the machine complying with the specified conditions.

2.2 Rated value

The numerical value of a quantity included in the rating.

2.3 Rated ourput

The numerical value of the output included in the rating.
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34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 15 -

2.4 L o a d
All the numerical values of the cicctrical and mechanical quantities that signify the demand
to be made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given instant.

2.5 No-load (operation)

The state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal ,,
operating conditions).

2.6 Full load

The highest value of load specified for a machine operating at rated output.

2.7 FUN load power

The highest value of power specified for a machine operating at rated output.

2.8 Rest and de-energized

The complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive.

2.9 Duty
The statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, _
starting, electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their z.
durations and sequence in time. T

2.10 Dury t y p e
A continuous, short time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining
constant for the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed
vary within the permissible operating range.
(?J
2.11 Thermal equilibrium
The state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary
by more than 2 K over a period of 1 h.

2.12 Cyclic duration facror

The ratio between the period of loading. including starting and electric braking, and the
duration of the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage.

2.13 Locked rotor torque

The minimum measured torque which the motor develops with the rotor locked and rated
voltage applied at rated frequency.

2.14 Locked rotor current

The measured steady-state root-mean-square current taken from the line with the rotor
locked with rated voltage and frequency applied.

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34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 17 -

2.15 Pull-up torque (of an a.c. moror)

The smallest torque which the motor develops between zero speed and the speed which
corresponds to the breakdown torque when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage. and
frequency.
This definition. does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque
continually decreases with increase in speed.
Nope. - Thii value applies to the usual mean torque characteristic which excludes transient effects.

2.16 Breakdown torque (of an ax. motorj

The maximum torque which the motor develops with rated voltage and frequency applied
at operating temperature without an abrupt drop in speed.
This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque
continually decreases with increase in speed.
Now. - This value applies LO the usual mean torque characteristic which excludes transienr eiTccts.

2.17 Pull-our torque (of a synchronous motor)

The maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at operating temperature and
at synchronous speed with rated voltage, frequency and field current.

2.18 Cooling
A procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given
up first to a primary coolant. by increasing its temperature. The heated primary coolant may
be replaced by a new coolant at a lower temperature or may be cooled by a secondary coolant
in some form of heat exchanger.

2.19 Coolant
A medium (liquid or gas) by means of which heat is transferred.
2.20 PrimarT coo1anr
A medium (liquid or gas) which. by being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine
and in contact with it, removes heat from that part.

2.21 Secondor? coolant

A medium (liquid or gas) which. being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant,
removes the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger.

2.22 Direct cooled (inner cooled) winding

A winding in which the coolant flows through hollow conductors, tubes or channels which
form an integral part of the winding inside the main insulation.

2.23 Indirect cooled winding

A winding cooled by any other method than that of Sub-clause 2.22.
Nores /. - In all cases when “indirect” or “direct” is not rwcd. an indirec! cooled winding is implied.

2. - For other definitions. other than those in Sub-clnuscs 2.18 10 2.23. concerning cooling and coolants.
rcfercnce should be made to I EC Publication 34-6: Routing Electrical Machines. Part 6: Methods or
Cooling Rotating Machinery.

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34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 19 -

2.24 Supplemenlary insularion

An independent insulation applied in addition to the basic insulation in order to ensure
protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the basic insulation.

2.25 Momenl of inertia

The (dynamic) moment of inertia of a body about an axis is the sum (integral) of the
products of its mass elements and the squares of their distances (radii) from the axis.
Norc. - This quantity is designated by the leuer symbol J and is expressed in kg/m:.

2.26 Thermal equivalent time constant

The thermal equivalent time constant is the time constant, replacing several individual time
constants, which determines approximately the temperature course in a winding after a
step-wise current change.

2.21 Encapsulated winding

Q A winding which is completely enclosed or scaled by moulded insulation.

SECTION THREE - DUTY AND RATING

3. Rules for declaration of duty and for selection of a class of rating

3.1 D u t y
The duty, as defined in Sub-clause 2.9, may be described by one of the duty types defined
in Clause 4, or by the specification of another duty by the purchaser. ::

3.2 Declararion of duty

It is the responsibility of the purchaser to declare the duty as accurately as possible.

In certain cases, where the load does not vary or where it varies in a known manner. the
duty may be declared numerically or with the aid of a time sequence graph of the variable
quantities.
If the time sequence is indeterminate. a fictitious time sequence (duty types S2 to S8) not
less onerous than the true one, shall be selected, or the duty type S9 shall be applied.
If the duty is not stated, duty type Sl (continuous running duty) applies.

3.3 Raring
The rating. as defined in Sub-clause 2.1, is assigned by the manufacturer by selection of one
of the classes of rating defined in Clause 5. The class of rating selected shall normally be
maximum continuous rating based on duty type Sl (continuous running duty) or short-time
rating based on duty type S2 (short-time duty).

If this is not possible, a periodic duty type rating based on one of the duty types S3
IO S8 (periodic duty) or the non-periodic duty type rating based on the duty type S9
(non-periodic duty) shall be selected.
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34-1 0 I E C 1983 - 21 -

3.4 Selecrion of a class of raring

Where a machine is manufactured for general purposes. it shall have maximum continuous
rating and be capable of performing duty type Sl.
If the duty has not been specified by the purchaser, duty type Sl applies and the class of
rating assigned shall be maximum continuous rating.
When a machine is intended to have a short-tune rating. the rating shall be based on duty
type S2 as defined in Sub-clause 4.2 and as designated in Clause 6.

When a machine is intended to supply varying loads or loads including a period of no-load
or periods where the machine will be in a state of rest and de-energized, the class of rating
shall be a periodic duty type rating based on a duty type selected from duty types S3 to S8
as defined in Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8 and as designated in Clause 6.

When a machine is intended non-periodically to supply variable loads at variable speeds.

including overloads, the non-periodic duty type rating shall be based on duty type S9 as
defined in Sub-clause 4.9 and as designated in Clause 6.

A class of rating having been assigned to a machine on the basis of a duty type selected from
duty types S3 to S9, where a test is specified it is normally suRicient to test the machine at
an equivalent continuous rating as defined in Sub-clause 5.3.

In some cases, a test at the actual or estimated duty may be arranged by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser but such a procedure is not generally practical.

In the determination of the rating:

- For duty types Sl to S8. the specified value(s) of the constant load(s) is taken to be:the
rated output and is expressed in watts for motors and volt-amperes for generators. See
Sub-clauses 4.1 to 4.8 and period(s) “N” in Figures 1 to 8, pages 94 to 101.

- For duty type S9. a suitable full load value(s) is taken as the rated output. See
Sub-clause 4.9 and “C,” in Figure 9, page 102.

4. Duty types*

The duty types are as follows:

4. I Continuous running duly - Dury r?pe Sl

Operation at constant load of sufficient duration for thermal equilibrium to be reached (see
Figure I, page 94).
4.2 Shorr-rime d u t y - Duy fj’pe S2
Operation at constant load during a given time. less than that required to reach thermal
equilibrium. followed by a rest and de-energized period of sufficient duration to re-establish
machine temperatures within 2 K of the coolant (see Figure 2. page 95).

* Whilst the nine duly types arc intended to apply primarily to motors. certain of them may also be used 10 define
@nerator duties (e.g. the duty types 51. S?).
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34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 13 -

4.3 Intermittent periodic duty - Duty rype S3*

A sequence of identical duty cycles, each including a period of operation at constant load
and a rest and de-energized period (see Figure 3, page 96). In this duty, the cycle is such that
the starting current does not significantly affect the temperature rise.

4.4 Intermittent periodic duty with starting - Duty t.vpe S4’

A sequence of identical duty cycles. each cycle including a significant period of starting. a
period of operation at constant load and a rest and de-energized period (see Figure 4, page 97).

4.5 Inrermittent periodic duty with electric braking - Duty type SS’
A sequence of identical duty cycles. each cycle consisting of a period of starting, a period
of operation at constant load, a period of rapid electric braking and a rest and de-energized
period (see Figure 5, page 98).

4.6 Continuous-operation periodic duty - Duty t.vpe S6 *

A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of operation at
constant load and a period of operation at no-load. There is no rest and de-energized period
(see Figure 6, page 99).

4.7 Continuous-operation periodic duty with electric braking - Duty type Si*
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of starting. a period
of operation at constant load and a period ofelectric braking. There is no rest and de-energized
period (see Figure 7, page 100).

4.8 Continuous-operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes - Duty type S8* :
A sequence of identical duty cycles. each cycle consisting of a period of operation at
constant load corresponding to a predetermined speed of rotation, followed by one or more
periods of operation at other constant loads corresponding to different speeds of rotation
(carried out for example by means of a change of the number of poles in the case of induction
motors). There is no rest and de-energized period (see Figure 8, page IO!).

4.9 Dury with non-periodic load and speed variations - Duty t!pe S9
A duty in which generally load and speed are varying non-periodically within the
permissible operating range. This duty includes frequently applied overloads that may greatly
exceed the full loads (see Figure 9 page 102).

Note. - For this duty type suitable full load values should be taken as Ihe basis of the overload concept.

5. Classes of rating

In assigning the rating. the manufacturer shall select one of the classes of rating defined in
Sub-clauses 5.1 to 5.5.

* Tbc duration of a cycle is generally too short for thermal equilibrium to be reached (see Sub-daus~ 5.4).
 .

34-1 @L2 I E C 1983 _ 2j -

5.1 Maximum conrinuotis rating

The statement of the load and conditions, assigned to the machine by the manufacturer.
at which the machine may be operated for an unlimited period while complying with the
requirements of this standard.

5.2 Short-time rating

The statement of the load, time and conditions, assigned to the machine by the
manufacturer, at which the machine may be operated for a limited period. starting at the
ambient temperature. while complying with the requirements of this standard.

5.3 Equivalent continuous rating

The statement of the load and conditions. assigned to the machine for test purposes by the
manufacturer, at which the machine may be operated until thermal equilibrium is reached,
and which is considered to be equivalent to one of the periodic duty types defined in
Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8 or to the duty type S9, as defined in Sub-clause 4.9, while complying
with the requirements of this standard.

Periodic duty type rating

The statement of the loads and conditions, assigned to the machine by the manufacturer,
at which the machine may be operated on duty cycles while complying with the requirements
of this standard.
This class of rating if applied shall correspond to one of the periodic duty types defined in
Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8.
The time for a duty cycle shall be IO min and the cyclic duration factor shall be one of the
following values:
IS%, 25%. 40%. 60%.

5.5 Non-periodic duty type rating

The statement of the varying loads over varying speed and conditions. including overloads.
assigned to the machine by the manufacturer. at which the machine may be operated
non-periodically while complying with the requirements of this standard.
This class of rating if applied shall correspond to the non-periodic duty with non-periodic
load and speed variations, as defined in Sub-clause 4.9.

6. Designation

6.1 Duly types

A duty type may be designated by an abbreviation of the terms given in Clause 4, for
example duty types Sl and S9 by Sl and S9.
For the duty type S1. the abbreviation SZ is followed by an indication of the duration of
the duty. For duty types S3 and S6, the abbreviations S3 and S6 are followed by the cyclic
duration factor.
Examples: S7 60 min
s3 15%
S6 40%
I -.
-_ 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 27 -

For the duty types S4 and S5. the abbreviations S-t and SS are followed by the indication
of the cyclic duration factor and the moment of inertia of the motor (Jbt) and the moment
of inertia of the load (I,,,). both referred to the motor shaft.
Example: SJ 25% & = 0.15 kg m2 JcXt = 0.7 kg mr
. For the duty type S7. the abbreviation S7 is followed by the moment of inertia of the motor
(JM) and the moment of inertia of the load (J&, both referred to the motor shaft.
Example: S7 J, = 0.4 kg mr J,,, = 7.5 kg mt
For the duty type S8, the abbreviation S8 is followed by the moment of inertia of the motor
(Jt.,t) and the moment of inertia of the load (J&, both referred to the motor shaft. together
with the load. speed and cyclic duration factor for ench speed condition.

Example: S8 JM = 0.5 kg III’ Jcx, = 6 k g m2 I6 kW 740 r/min 30%

40 kW 1460 r/min 30%
25 kW 980 rimin 40%
0
6.2 Classes of raring
The designations of the classes of rating are as follows:
- maximum continuous rating - “cant” or “Sl”.
- short time, rating - duration of the operating period. e.g. “60 mitt” or “S2 60 min”.

- equivalent continuous rating - “equ”.

- periodic and non-periodic duty type ratings-as for the duty types. See above. for example . .
‘53 25%“.
The designations specified in Sub-clauses 6.1 and 6.2 follow the value of the rated output..
If no designation follows the rated output. maximum continuous rating applies.

7. Assignment of ratings

The ratings shall be assigned in accordance with the requirements of this section and be
marked on the rating plate in accordance with Section Ten.
For machines with more than one rating. the machine shall comply with this standard in
all respects at each rating.

Where reactors are connected between machine terminals and the supply and are regarded
as an integral part of the machine, the rated values shall refer to the terminals of the reactor
on the supply side.
Xote. - This does nor apply to power trmsbrmcrs conncckd between the machine and the supply.
For all machines the preferred rated output values expressed in watts. shall be taken from
the R40 series of preferred numbers. rounded-off in accordance with IS0 Standard 497.

When a specific I EC publication exists for machines of a particular type. the rated output
values shall be in accordance with any series specified in that publication.
 .
,

34-l G IEC 1983 - 29 -

8. Rated output

8. I D.C. generarors
The rated output is the output at the terminals and shall be expressed in watts (W).

8.2 A.C. generators

The rated output is the apparent electric power at the terminals and shall be expressed in
volt-amperes (VA) together with the power factor.
I -
The rated power factor for synchronous generators shall be 0.8 lagging (over-excited) unless
otherwise specified.

8.3 Morors
The rated output is the mechanical power available at the shaft and shall be expressed in
watts (W).
Nom. - 11 is the practice in many countria for the mechanical power available at the shafts of motors IO k
cxprcsacd also in horsepower (1 h.p. is equivalent to 745.7 W. I ch (chew1 or metric horsepower) is
equivalent 10 736 W).

8.4 Synchronous condensers

The rated output is the reactive power at the terminals and shall be expressed in
volt-amperes reactive (var) in both the leading (under-excited) and the lagging (over-excited)
conditions.

9. Rated voltage

9. I Rated volrage aI rile terminals

The rated voltage is the voltage between lines at the terminals of the machine at rated
output.
9.2 Generators inrendedfor operariot over o relcrrire1.v small range of voltages
D.C. generators.
Q For d.c. generators intended to operate over a relatively small range of voltage. the rated
output and current shall relate to the highest voltage of the range. unless otherwise specified
(see Sub-clause 12.3).

A.C. generators.
For a.c. generators intended to operate over a relatively small range of voltage. the rated
output and power factor shall relate to any voltage within the range, unless otherwise specified
(see Sub-clause 12.3).

IO. &Iachines with more than one rating

10.1 Rn/ings,for mulri-speed motors

For multi-speed motors, a definite rating shall be assigned for each speed.

..
i
.

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 31 -

.
IO.7 Rulings for machines with varying quanrilies
When a rated quantity (output, voltage, speed. etc.) may assume several values or vary
continuously within two limits, the rating shall be stated at these values or limits. This
provision does not apply to voltage variations of f 5% or to star-delta connections intended
for starting.

_- SECTION FOUR - OPERATING CONDITIONS

I I. Altitude, temperature and coolant

Machines shall be designed for the following operating site conditions. unless other
conditions are specified by the purchaser.

1 I. I Allilude
Height above sea level not exceeding 1000 m.
For machines intended for operation on a site where the altitude is in excess of I 000 m,
see Subclause 16.3.
For machines intended for operation on a site where the coolant temperature is low, by
reason of high altitude, see Sub-clause 16.3.

I I.2 Ambient remperarure and temperature of the coolam

11.2. I Maximum ambient and coolant temperalures .-

The temperature of the air at the operating site (which may be the primary or the secondary :
coolant, depending on the ventilation system of the machine) is subject to seasonal variation, ;
but does not exceed 40 “C.
Machines intended for operation with a maximum ambient temperature other than 40 ‘C
are covered by Sub-clause 16.3.
For machines having water-cooled heat exchangers, the temperature of the water at the
intake to the heat exchangers shall not exceed 25 ‘C (see also Sub-clause 16.1.4).
I 1.22 Minimum ambienr and coolant remperatures
The minimum temperature of the air at the operating site (which may be the primary or
the secondary coolant, depending on the ventilation system of the machine) is - I5 ‘C. the
machine being installed and in operation or at rest and de-energized.
This applies to all machines except the following: ’
a) a.c. machines with rated outputs exceeding 3 300 kW (or kVA) per I 000 r/min, machines
with rated outputs’less than 600 W (or VA) and all machines having a commutator or
sleeve bearings. For these machines the minimum ambient temperature is +5 ‘C;

b) machines having water as a primary or secondary final coolant. The minimum temperature
of the water and the ambient air is +‘5 ‘C.
NOM. - If tempcratura below those given are Lo be expected. the manuiacrurcr should be informed of the minimum
,ambicnr temperarurc and ic should be specified whelhcr Ihis applies only duriq transport and storage or also
aflcrinsrallation.fcmperatura klowthcscgivcn should be the subject ofan agrocment between manufacturer
and purchaser.

..
 .
.

34-l sQ I EC 1983 - 33 -

I 1.3 Characrerisrics of the gas used as a coo/am in hJ.drogen-cooled machines

Hydrogen-cooled machines shall be capable of operating at a rated output under rated

conditions with a coolant containing not less than 95% hydrogen by volume.

Now. - For sakry rcz~ons. the hydrogen contcnr should ni all times be mninrnined (LL 90% or more. it being assumed
that the other gas in the mixture is air.
.-
For calculating efficiency in accordance with I EC Publication 34-2: Rotating Electrical
Machines, Part 2: Methods for Determining Losses and ElIiciency of Rotating Electrical
Machinery from Tests (excluding Machines for Traction Vehicles). the standard composition
of the gaseous mixture shall be 98% hydrogen and 2% air by volume. at the specified values
of pressure and retooled temperature. unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and
purchaser. Windage losses shall be calculated at the corresponding density.

I?. Electrical conditions

II 1 Elecrrical supplev
A.C. machines within the scope of this standard shall be suitable for three-phase. 50 Hz or
60 Hz, with voltages derived from the nominal voltages given in I E C Publication 38: I EC
Standard Voltages.

In deriving rated voltages for machines. it is necessary to take into consideration the
differences between distribution and utilization system voltages. :;.

Norr. - For large high-voltage B.C. generators. rhc voltages mnv be selected for optimum performance.

12.2 Form and symmerry oj’ voltages and cwrenrs

Machines shall be so designed as, to be capable of operating under the conditions detailed
in Sub-clauses 112.1. 12.22 (see also Clause 23) or 122.3 as appropriate.

IX.1 In the case of an a.c. motor. the supply voltage is assumed to be virtually sinusoidal as
defined in Item a) below. In the case of a polyphase motor. the supply voltages are also
assumed to form a virtually balanced system as defined in Item b) below.
I -
Should the limits in Items a) and b) occur simultaneously in service at the rated load, this
shall not lead to any deleterious temperature in the motor and it is recommended that the
excess resulting temperature rise or temperature related to the limits specified in Tables I. II
and III should be not more than approximately 10 K.
a) The voltage is considered to be virtually sinusoidal. if. when supplying an a.~. motor at
rated load. the waveform is such that the difference between the instantaneous value and
the instantaneous value of the fundamental component does not exceed 5% of the
amplitude of the latter.
In temperature-rise testing. as specified in Section Five. such amplitude difference shall
not exceed 2.5%.
 .

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 35 -

b) A polyphase voltage system is deemed to form a virtually balanced system of voltages if

the negative sequence component does not exceed 1% of the positive-sequence component
of the system of voltages over a long period, or 1.5% for a short period not exceeding a
few minutes, and if the voltage of the zero-sequence component does not exceed I % of
the positive-sequence component.
In temperature-rise testing as specified in Section Five, the negative sequence component
shall be less than 0.5% of the positive-sequence component of the system of voltages. the
influence of the zero-sequence system being eliminated. By agreement between manufacturer
and purchaser, the negative-sequence component of the system of currents may be measured
instead of the negative-sequence component of the voltages, and this shall not exceed 2.5%
of the positive-sequence component of the system of currents.
Norr. - In the vicinity or large single-phase loads (e.g. induction furnaces). and in rural areas particularly oo mixed
industrial and domestic systems. supplies may be distorted beyond :hc limits set OUI above. Special
amngementr will then be ncccssary beween manufacturer and purchaser.

122.2 In the case of an a.c. generator, the circuit which it supplies is assumed to be virtually
non-deforming and virtually balanced as defined in Items a) and b) below.
G’
Should the limits defined in Items a) and b) occur simultaneously in service at the rated
load, this shall not lead to any deleterious temperature in the generator and it is recommended
that the excess resulting temperature rise or temperature related to the limits specified in
Tables I, II and III should be not more than approximately IO K.
a) A circuit is considered to be virtually non-deforming if, when supplied by a sinusoidal
voltage, the current is virtually sinusoidal, that is to say, none of the instantaneous values
differ from the instantaneous value of the same phase of the fundamental wave by more
than 5% of the amplitude of the latter. _’
b) A polyphase circuit is considered to be virtually balanced if, when supplied by a balanced
system of voltages, the system of currents is virtually balanced. that is to say, neither the
negative-sequence component nor the zero-sequence component exceeds 5% of the
positive-sequence component.

122.3 In the case of a d.c. motor supplied from a static power converter, the pulsating voltage
and current affect the performance of the machine. Losses and temperature rise will increase
0 and the commutation is more dihicult compared with a d.c. motor supplied from a pure d.c.
power source.

Thus it is necessary for motors intended for static power converter supply to be designed
to operate under these conditions and it is often necessary to provide a d.c. motor with an
external inductance for reducing the pulsation.

. In order to obtain a proper combination of d.c. motor and static power converter, the motor
manufacturer should be consulted.

12.3 Voltage variations during operalion

Generators complying with these requirements shall be capable of supplying their rated
output at rated speed (and at rated power factor where separately controllable) at a voltage
that may vary between 95% and 105% of their rated voltage.

..
 .

34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 37 -

Motors complying with these requirements shall be capable of providing their rated output
when they are supplied (in the case of a.c. machines at their rated frequency) by a voltage that
may vary between 95% and 105% of their rated voltage.
In the case of continuous operation at the extreme voltage limits specified above. the
temperature-rise limits stated in Tables I and II may be exceeded by:
- 10 K for machines of outputs up to and including 1000 kW (or kVA);
- 5 K for machines of outputs exceeding 1000 kW (or kVA).
Note. - Machines should not be operated in service at loads in a~css of their rated load or under conditions differing
from the rated conditions unless it is known that they arc suitable for such USC .

12.4 Machine neurral earthing

A.C. machines shall be suitable for continuous operation with the neutral at or near earth
potential. They’shall also be suitable for operation on unearthed systems with one line at earth
potential for infrequent periods of short duration, for example as required for normal fault
clearance. If it is intended to run the machine continuously or for prolonged periods in this
condition, a machine with a level of insulation suitable for this condition will be required and
the condition shall be defined in operating instructions.

If the windings do not have the same insulation at the line and the neutral ends, this shall
be defined in operating instructions.
N0t.Z. - The earthing of interconnection of machine neutral points should not be undertaken without consulting the
machine manufacturer because of the danger of zcro-uquence componcnrs of currrms of al\ frequencies
under some operadng conditions and the possible mechanical damage to the winding under line-m-neutral
faolt conditions.

SECTION FIVE - TEMPERATURE RISE

13. (Reserved for future use)

@ 14. Conditions during temperature-rise test

14.1 Temperature of coolant

A machine may be tested at any convenient value ofcoolant temperature. If the temperature
of the coolant at the end of the temperature-rise tests differs by more than 30 K from that
specified (or assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5) for operation on site, the corrections given in
Sub-clause 16.4 shall be made.

14.2 Measuremen oJ coolant temperature during tesls

The value to be adopted for the temperature of the coolant during a test shall be the mean
of the readings of the temperature detectors taken at equal intervals of time during the last
quarter of the duration of the test.
In order to avoid errors due to the time-lag between the temperature of large machines and
the variations in the temperature of the coolant, all reasonable precautions shall be taken to
reduce these variations.
 ,

. 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 39 -

14.2.1 Open machines or closed machines withour heal exchangers (cooled by surrounding ambiem
air or gas)
The ambient air or gas temperature shall be measured by means of several temperature
detectors placed at different points around and half-way up the machine at a distance of from
1 m to 2 m from it and protected from all heat radiation and draughts.
142.2 Machines cooled br air or gas from a remote source through ventilation ducts and machines
with separarei.v mounded heal exchangers
The temperature of the primary coolant shall be measured where it enters the machine.

14.2.3 Closed machines wilh machine-mounted or inrernal-hear exchangers

The temperature of the primary coolant shall be measured where it enters the machine. For
machines having water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchangers. the temperature of the secondary
coolant shall be measured where it enters the heat exchanger.

15. Determination of temperature rise

15.1 Temperature rise of a part of a machine

The temperature rise of a part of a machine is the difference in temperature between that
part of the machine measured by the appropriate method in accordance with Sub-clause 15.3,
and the coolant measured in accordance with Sub-clauses 14.1 and 14.2.

15.2 Methods of measurement of temperature or remperarure rise

Four methods of determining the temperature of windings and other parts are recognized:

a) resistance method:
b) embedded temperature detector (ETD) method:
c) thermometer method:
d) superposition method.
The different methods shall not be used as a check against each other.
15.2.1 Resistance merhod
In this method, the temperature rise of the windings is determined from the increase of the
resistance of the windings.
15.2.2 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method
In this method, the temperature is determined by means of temperature detectors (e.g.
resistance thermometers, thermocouples or semi-conductor negative coefficient detectors)
which are built into the machine during construction, at points which are inaccessible after
the machine is completed.

152.3 Thermomerer melhod

In this method, the temperature is determined by thermometers applied to the accessible
surfaces of the completed machine. The term “thermometer” also includes non-embedded
thermocouples and resistance thermometers provided they are applied to the points accessible
 .
.

. . 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 41 -

.
to the usual bulb-thcrrnometers. When bulb-thermometers are used in places where there is
a strong varying or moving magnetic field, alcohol thermometers shall be used in preference
to mercury thermometers.

152.4 Strperposirion method

In this method the resistance measurements used for determination of temperature rises of
a.c. windings in accordance with Sub-clause 15.3.1. are made without interruption of the a.c.
load current by applying a small d.c. measuring current superposed upon the load current.

Note. - &tails ofthis method we given in I EC Publication 279: Mclsurcmcnt of the Winding Rcsistnncc of ;rn
A.C. Machine during Operation at Alrernirting Voltage.

15.3 Choice of method of measuring remperarures of windings

In general, for measuring the temperature of the windings of a machine. the resistance
method in accordance with Sub-clause 15.2.1 shall be applied.
The embedded temperature detector (ETD) method shall be used for a.c. stator windings
of machines having a rated output of 5000 kW (or kVA) or more.

For a.c. machines having a rated output below 5 000 kW (or kVA) and above 200 kW (or
kVA) the manufacturer shall choose either the resistance or the ETD method, unless otherwise
agreed.
For a.c. machines having a rated output of 200 kW (or kVA) or less the manufacturer shall
choose either the resistance method or the superposition method. unless otherwise agreed. 1:. .

For machines rated 600 W (or VA) or less, when the windings are non-uniform or severe
complications are involved in making the necessary connections, the temperature rise may be
determined by means of thermometers (or non-embedded thermocouples). Temperature-rise
limits in accordance with Table I shall apply.

For a.c. stator windings having only one coil-side per slot. the embedded detector method
is not recognized and the resistance method shall be used (see also Sub-clause 15.322).

Now. - For checkins :hc taipcraturc of such windings in service. an embedded detector at the bottom of the slot
is of little value because it gives mainly the temperature of the iron ccrc. A detector plnced between the coil
and the wedge till follow the temperature of the winding much more closcl,y and is. therefore. better for
check tests. although the tnperamre there may be rather low. The relation between the temperatwc
measured 81 that place and the tcmperaturc measured by the resistance method should be determined by
a temperature-rise test.

For windings of armatures having commutators and for field windings. except for field
windings in cylindrical rotors of synchronous machines. the resistance method and the
thermometer method are recognized (see also Sub-clause 15.33). The resistance method is
preferred.
For stationary field windings of d.c. machines having more than one layer the ETD method
may also be used.
 .

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 43 -

15.3. I Dererminarion of remperarwe rise o/ windings by rhe resisrance merhod

15.3.1.1 Copper windings

The temperature-rise I,- rn may be obtained from the ratio of the resistance by the formula:
I? + 235 =z Rq
lI + 235 _ RI
where:
. 12 = temperature (‘0 of the winding at the end of the test
I, = tcmpcraturc (“C) of rhe winding (cold) at the moment of the initial resistance measurement
‘a = rcmperamr~ (‘C) of coolant at the end of the test
Rz = resistance of the winding at the end of the test
R, = resistance of the winding at temperature 11 (cold)
For practical purposes, the following alternative formula may be found convenient:

R2 - R,
I7A - 1, = (235 + II) + 11 - I,
RI
When the temperature of a winding is determined by resistance, the temperature of the
winding before the test, measured by thermometer, shall be practically that of the coolant.

15.3.1.2 Non-copper windings

For materials other than copper. replace the number 235 in the above formula with the
reciprocal of the temperature coefficient of resistance at 0 ‘C of the material. For aluminium,
unless otherwise specified, the number 225 shall be used.

15.3.2 Determination of temperature rise by the embedded remperarure derecror. (ETD) method
When the ETD method is used, the detectors shall be suitably distributed throughout the
machine windings and the number of embedded detectors installed shall be not less than six.

All reasonable efforts. consistent with safety, shall be made to place the detectors at the
various points at which the highest temperatures are likely to occur, in such a manner that
they are effectively protected from contact with the primary coolant.
For Table I. the highest reading of ETD elements (excluding unreliable readings) shall be
used to determine compliance with requirements for temperature rise or temperature limits.

Now. - For Tables II and 111 the avcragc of the readings may k used.
If there are two or more coil-sides per slot the detectors shall be installed in accordance with
Sub-clause 15.3.2.1. If there is only one coil-side per slot. or if it is desired to measure the end
winding temperature, the recommended methods of installation are given in Sub-clauses
. 15.3.2.2 and 15.3.2.3, but in these cases the ETD method of temperature measurement is not
a recognized method for determining temperature rise or temperature limits in order to verify
the compliance of the rating with this standard.

15.32. I T\vo coil-sides per slor or more than two coil-sides per slor
When the winding has two coil-sides per slot .or more than two sides per slot. the
temperature detectors shall be located between the insulated coil-sides within the slot in
positions at which the highest temperatures are likely to occur.

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 .

34-1 8 IEC 1983 - 45 -

15.3.2.2 One coil-side per slor

When the winding has one coil-side per slot, detectors that are embedded in the slots should
be located between the wedge and the outside of the winding insulation in positions at which
the highest temperatures are likely to occur.
15.323 End windings
The temperature detectors should be located between two adjacent coil-sides within the
external range of the end windings in positions at which the highest temperatures are likely
to occur. The temperature sensing point of the temperature detector should be in close contact
with the surface of the coil-side and be adequately insulated against the coolant influence.
15.3.3 Determination of remperature rise by the thermometer merhod
The thermometer method is recognized in the cases in which neither the ETD method nor
the resistance method is applicable.
Use of the thermometer method is also recognized in the following cases:
a) When it is not practicable to determine the temperature rise by the resistance method as.
for example, with low-resistance commutating coils and compensating windings and. in
general. in the case of low-resistance windings, especially when the resistance ofjoints and
connections forms a considerable proportion of the total resistance.

b) Single-layer windings, rotating or stationary.

c) The measurement of temperature rise during routine tests on machines manufactured in
large quantities.
If the purchaser wishes to have a thermometer reading in addition to the values determined
by the resistance method or by the ETD method, the temperature rise determined by
thermometer, when placed at the hottest accessible spot. shall be the subject of agreement
between manufacturer and purchaser. but shall not exceed:
65 K for Class A insulation of windings
80 K for Class E insulation of windings
90 K for Class B insulation of windings
1 I5 K for Class F insulation of windings
140 K for Class H insulation of windings

15.4 Correcrion ofmeaswemen~s taken afIrer rile muclrinc has come IO resr tind is de-energized

15.4. I The measurement of temperatures after shutdown by the resistance method requires a quick
shutdown of the machine at the end of the temperature test. A carefullv planned procedure
and an adequate number of people are required to obtain readings quickly enough to give
reliable data.
If the initial resistance reading is obtained within the time interval indicated below, this
reading shall be accepted as the temperature measurement, and extrapolation of observed
temperatures to the instant of switching off the power is unnecessary.

Rnwd OUQXH (P) Time delay alicr switchin: OK power

tkW [kVA]) IS)

P Q 50 j0
50 5 P < 200 90
2M) < P 4 5000 I20
5ooocP By aprccmen,

__
 34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 47 -

15.42 If the initial resistance reading cannot be made in the required length of time. it shall be
made as soon as possible afterwards and additional resistance readings be taken at intervals
of approximately I min until these readings have begun a distinct decline from their maximum
values. A curve of these readings shall be plotted as a function of time and extrapolated to
the time delay specified in the above table for the rated output of the machine. A
semi-logarithmic plot is recommended where temperature is plotted on the logarithmic scale.
The value of temperature thus obtained shall be considered as the temperature at shutdown.
If successive measurements show increasing temperatures after shutdown. the highest value
shall be taken.

15.4.3 For machines with one coil-side per slot. the resistance method may be used if the machine
comes to a standstill within the time delays specified in the table above. If the machine takes
longer than 90 s to come to rest after switching off the power, the superposition method (see
Sub-clause 152.4) may be used if previously agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

(CJ 15.4.4 If the initial resistance reading cannot be made until after twice the time delay time specified
in Sub-clause 15.4.1 the method of Sub-clause 15.42 shall only be used by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser.

15.5 Duration of temperature-rise test for maximum conrinuous rating

For machines with maximum continuous rating (duty type Sl). the temperature-rise test
shall be continued until thermal equilibrium has been reached. If possible, the temperature
shall be measured both while running and after shutdown.

15.6 Temperarure-rise resrs for classes of raring other than maximum continuous rating

15.6.1 Short-time rating (duty type 2)

The duration of the test is that given in the rating.
At the beginning of the test. the temperature of the machine shall be within 5 ‘C of the
temperature of the coolant.
At the end of the test, the temperature-rise limits specified in Sub-clause 16. I.3 shall not be
exceeded.
15.62 Periodic dury type rulings (duty rypes S3 ra S8)
For intermittent loads, the load cycle specified shall be applied and continued until
practically identical temperature cycles are obtained. The criterion for this is that a straight
line between the corresponding points of duty cycles has a gradient of less than 2 K per hour.
If necessary, measurements should be taken at reasonable intervals over a period of time. At
the middle of the period causing the greatest heating in the last cycle of operation. the
temperature rise shall not exceed the limits specified in Table I.

15.6.3 Non-periodic dury rype raring (duly ype S9)

The temperature-rise test shall be carried out in accordance with Sub-clause 15.5 at the
equivalent continuous rating assigned by the manufacturer on account of the rated load-speed
variations and overload allowances, based on the duty specified by the purchaser in
accordance with duty type S9 defined in Sub-clause 4.9.
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34-l G IEC 1983 - 49 -

15.7 Derermination of rhe rhermal equivalenr rime consranr for machines for dur! rype SY

The thermal equivalent time constant (with ventilation as in normal operating conditions)
suitable for approximate determination of the temperature course can be determined from the
cooling curve plotted in accordance with Sub-clause 15.42. Its amount is 1.44 times
I
(i.e. pj times) the delay between disconnectmg the motor and reaching a temperature
representing a point on the cooling curve corresponding to one half of the temperature rise
of the machine.

Now. - In the case of a machine with more lhnn one lime consw~t. for cnamplc a d.c. machine with diifcrent time
ccmst~n~ for nrmaturc. held windings and commutaGng windings. itI1 the time constants should bc
considered and the value likely 10 c3w.c the rnos~ dangerous wnperalurc should be used for dewmining
tcmpcrsturc rise.

15.8 Merhod of bearing temperalure measurement

For measuring the temperature of bearings. the thermometer method (see Sub-clause 152.3)
and the embedded temperature detector (ETD) method (see Sub-clause 152.2) are recognized.

The measuring point for the determination of the temperature of bearings shall be located
as nearly as possible to one of the two locations specified in the following table:

Type of bain_e Measuring point Location of measuring point

Ball or roller A In the bearing housing and II a distance’ not exccediq 10 mm

from lhc outer ring of the bearing”
B Outer surface or rhc bcnring housing as close as possible LO the
outer rine of the baring

I A In the prcrsure zone of the bearing shell*‘* und

exceeding IO mm from the oil-film pdp**
PI a disunce’ not

** In the unusual case ofan “inside-ou[” machine. point A will be in Ihe suGonary part not more lhnn IO mm from
the inner ring,ofthc bearing. and point B will be on thr ouw surf;lcc of the suGonury part as close its possible
to the inner nng of the bearing.
l ** The bearing shell is rhe part supportinp the bearing malcrial which is pressed or otherwise secured in the housiwg.
The pressure zone is rhe portion of rhe circumference which supports (he combina[ion of romr weight and radial
loads such as with belt drive.

For measuring the temperature ofbearings. good heat transference between the temperature
detector and the object to be measured shall be ensured: any air gaps. for instance. shall be
packed with conducting paste.
Norr. - Berwccn the measuring points A and B as well as between these points and the hottest point of the bearing.
there are temperature differences which depend. among other thin?% on the bearing size. For slcc~c bearings
with pressed-in bearing bushes and for bull or roller bearings with an inside diameter up LO I50 mm. the
rcmperaturc differences arising between the measuring poinrs A and B mav be presumed to be neeligible.
In Ihe case of larger bearing. lemperatures will arise al the measuring p&t A. higher by approximately
I5 K than those arising ill the measuring point B.

..
- 34.1 (‘i IEC 1983 -551 .-

I(,. I,imits of tcmperaturrs and temperature rises

16. I T‘dIkY of’ ,W,,W~ 111, II’.)’ cd lc’vr/x’rnlllw riw

Tttblc I spccilics the pcrmissiblc limits oflcmpcra~urc rise above the operating site ambicnl
air tcmperaturc for machines cooled indirectly by air, when opcrnting at raled oulpul al lhc
altitude and the maximum ambient lcmperaturc stetcd in Clause II (i.c., no1 cxcccding
I 000 m) above sea lcvcl and 40 C).

Table II specifies ~hc pcrmissiblc limits of tcmpcraturc rise above the hydrogen tcmpcruturc
at the OUIICI of the heal exchanger. for machines having windings indirectly cooled by
hydrogen where the hydrogen tcmpcralure at the outlet of the heal cxchangcr dots not cxcccd
40 C. (See also Sub-clauses 14.2.2 and 14.2.3.)

Table 111 spccitics the pcrmissiblc limits of temperature for machines having active parts
directly cooled by gas or liquid.

16. I, I Aloc/rirrc.r nirh more rhrrtr OIIP rrrcllrotl rr/ cooling

In 1l1.e case of a machine where one winding is indirectly cooled and another winding is
fj
dtrectly cooled, the limits of tcmpcrature rise or of temperature of each winding shall hc in
accordance with the rcquircmcnts of the appropriate table.

16. I .2 Cltrsses 0/ iustrkrrio~r

The limits oftemperature rise or temperaturegiven in Tables I, II and 11) apply lo lhcc)asscs
of insulation shown in these tables; no figures have been assigned to Class C insulation.

16. I .3 Aftrc~liirrc~s wirlr shrr-rim* wring

For machines to which a short-lime rating has been nssigncd (XC Sub-cfausc S.2) and which
have a rated output of less 1hu11 5000 kW (or kVA). the limits of temperature rise spccilicd
in Table 1 increased by IO K shall 1101 bc cxcccdcd.

^’ ‘?. ‘., For a machine rcfcrrcd to in Table I or Table II, having a water-cooled heat exchanger. lhc
temperature rises shall bc mcasurcd above the temperature of ~hc primary coolant al 111~ ou~lct
from the heat exchangers (see also Sub-clauses 14.2.2 and 14.2.3), and shall apply wilh rcspcct
to lhis oultct coolant lcmperalurc providing this does not exceed 40 C.

Itowcvcr, the temperature rises may, by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
bc mcasurcd with rcspcct lo lhc lcmpcraturc of the water at intake to the heal exchanger and
if this inlet water tempcralurc dots not exceed 25 “C, the temperature-rise limits of Tables I
or II shall bc increased by 10 K. The adjustments of temperature rise dependent on altitude
and maximum coolant tcmpcrature, detailed in Sub-clause 16.3 shall be applied where lhcy
are relevant. Where, in lhe case of reference IO the temperature of the water at intake, an
adjustment in accordance with Sub-clause 16.3.4 has been agreed, this may be obtained from
Figure I I, page 104, by adding I5 K lo the specified maximum water tempcraturc and reading
from the curve for this value and ihcn increasing the adjustment by IO K.
t
 I 2 a

1 :

i / / I 2 E c E

I /

, I “s
 -

. .
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.

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 59 -

16.1.5 Machines wilh non-periodic du:.v r!pe rating

It should be noted that, for machines to which a non-periodic duty type rating based on
duty type S9 has been assigned. the limits of temperature rise of Table I may be occasionally
exceeded during operation of the machine.

16.2 Scaror windings for rated volrages in excess of.11 000 V

162.1 Machines indirectly cooled b-v air

For stator windines fully insulated for rated voltages in excess of 1 I 000 V. the limits of
temperature rise specified in Table I shall be reduced by the following amounts:

a) each 1000 V (or part thereof) above 11000 V up to and including 17 000 V:

- 1.5 K when measurements are made by thermometer,

- I K when measurements are made by embedded temperature detector.
b) each 1000 V (or pan thereof) above 17 000 V, additional 0.5 K when measurement is made
by thermometer or embedded temperature detector.

16.22 Machines indirecriy cooled by h.vdrogen

For stator windings for rated voltages in excess of 1 I 000 V, the limits of temperature rise
specified in Table II shall be reduced by the following amounts:
- 1 K per 1000 V (or part thereof) above 11000 V up to and including 17 000 V;

- additional 0.5 K per 1000 V (or part thereof) above 17000 V.

16.3 Adjuslmenrs IO limirs of remperature rise IO take account of operating conditions

The adjustments detailed in this sub-clause shall be made to the limits of temperature rise
for machines indirectly cooled by air specified in Table I to take account of specified conditions
of altitude and/or maximum ambient temperature (or resulting conditions for maximum
primary coolant temperature of a machine with water-cooled heat exchanger). at the operating
site, differing from those specified in Clause 11.

16.3.1 No adjustment is to be made to the temperature-rise limits specified in Table I when the
maximum ambient temperature is 40 “C and the altitude is between sea level and 1000 m.

16.32 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature exceeds 60 “C or is less than 0 “C,
the limits of temperature rise shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

16.3.3 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature is between 40 ‘C and 60 “C. the
limits of temperature rise given in Table I shall be reduced by the amount by which the coolant
temperature exceeds 40 ‘C. This is illustrated in Figure 11. page 104.
 .

34-l 8 IEC 1983 - 61 -

16.3.4 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature is between 0 ‘C and 40 C. no

increase in the limits of temperature rise shall normally be made; by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser. however, an increase may be made. but this shall not exceed the
difference between this maximum coolant temperature and 40 ‘C, with a maximum of 30 K.
This is illustrated in Figure 11, page 104.

16.3.5 If the machine is to operate at an altitude between 1000 m and 4000 m and the maximum
coolant temperature is not specified. it shall be assumed that the reduced cooling resulting
from altitude is compensated by a reduction of maximum ambient temperature below 40 “C
and that the limiting total temperatures will therefore not exceed 40 “C plus the Table I
temperature rises. The specified altitude and assumed maximum ambient temperature shall
be marked on the rating plate in accordance with Clause 27.

NOW. - Assuming the necessary decrease in ambient temperature is I % of the limiting rise for every l&I m of altitude
above I OW m. the assumed maximum ambient temperature at operating rile based on a 40 ‘C maximum
ambient ramperalurc for altitudes up 10 1 COO m will be a6 shown in Table IV (based on the limiting rises
for Items 16~ and lcj of Table I).

16.3.6 If the machine is to operate at an altitude exceeding 4000 m the maximum limits of
temperature rise shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

T ABLE IV
Assumed maximum ambient temperatures

E
Temperature (;C)

Class of insulation
A E B F H
_
40 40 40 40 40
:it 34 33 32 30 28
3ooo 28 26 24 I9 IS
4oal 12 I9 I6 9 j

16.4 Aa$srments IO limits of temperature rise to rake account C$ altitude or ambient temperature
@ of lest sire
The adjustments detailed in this sub-clause shall be made to the limits of temperature rise
for machines indirectly cooled by air specified in Table I to take account of difference in
altitude between the test site and the operating site, or difference between the specified or
resulting maximum coolant temperature at the operating site and the coolant temperature on
test.

16.4.1 Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the test site on account of difference in altitude
If the operating site is higher than the test site, but is not higher than 4 000 m. the limits
of temperature rise on test shall be as in Table I (corrected. if appropriate. in accordance with
Sub-clauses 16.2 and 16.3) minus an adjustment calculated on the basis of a 1% change in
the permitted temperature rise in Table I per 100 m of difference between the altitudes of the
test site and the operating site. For purposes of this calculation. altitudes below 1 000 m shall
be assumed to be equal to 1000 m.

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.

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 63 -

If the test site is higher than the operating site but is not higher than 4000 m the
corresponding adjustment shall be added. not subtracted. If this positive temperature-rise
adjustment when added to the ambient temperature at the test site. results in a total
temperature considered excessive by the manufacturer, the testing procedure shall be agreed
between manufacturer and purchaser.
16.42 A&~~srmenrsjor d$erence in coolant temperatures
When the actual coolant temperature at the inlet to the machine at the completion of the
temperature-rise test differs by less than 30 K from the maximum temperature at the operating
site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.35, no further adjustment shall be made to the limits
of temperature rise on test.
When the actual coolant temperature at the inlet to the machine at the completion of the
temperature-rise test is lower by more than 30 K than the maximum temperature at the
operating site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5. the limits of temperature rise on test
shall be those specified in Table I adjusted in accordance with Sub-clauses 16.1.3, 16. I .4. 16.2.
16.3.3 and 16.3.4 as relevant and then increased by a percentage numerically equal to one-fifth
of the difference between the maximum coolant temperature for the operating site and the
coolant temperature on test.

When the actual coolant temperature at the inlet to the machine at the completion of the
temperature-rise test is higher by more than 30 K than the maximum temperature at the
operating site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.35, the limits of temperature rise on test
shall be those specified in Table I adjusted in accordance with Sub-clauses 16.1.3. 16. I .4. 16.2,
16.3.3 and 16.3.4 as relevant and then increased by a percentage numerically equal to one-fifth
of the difference between the maximum coolant temperature for the operating site and the
coolant temperature on test. ::

16.5 Corrections 10 take account of h)pdrogen purify on lest

For machines indirectly cooled or directly cooled by hydrogen, if the purity of the hydrogen
during test differs from the 98% specified in Sub-clause I I .3 no corrections shall be made to
the permissible temperature rises or limits of temperature if the proportion of hydrogen lies
between 95% and 100%.

SECTION SIX - DIELECTRIC TESTS

17. Dielectric tests

The high-voltage test shall be applied between the windings under test and the frame of the
machine. with the core and the windings not under test connected to the frame. It shall be
.
applied only to a new and completed machine with all its parts in place under conditions
equivalent to normal working conditions and shall be carried out at the manufacturer’s works.
When a temperature-rise test is carried out. the dielectric test shall be carried out immediately
after this test.
In the case of polyphase machines with rated voltage above I kV having both ends of each
phase individually accessible. the test voltage shall be applied between’each phase and the
frame. with the core and the other phases and windings not under test connected to the frame.
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.
34-l c IEC 1983 - 65 -

The test voltageshall beofpower-frequency.andshall beas nearaspossible tosinewavc form,

The test shall be commenced at a voltage of not more than one-half of the full test voltage.
The voltage shall then be increased to the full value steadily or in steps of not more than 5%
of the full value, the time allowed for the increase of the voltage from half to full value being
not less than IO s. The full test voltage shall then be maintained for I min in accordance with
the value as specified in Table V.

During the routine testing of quantity produced machines up to 5 kW (or kVA). the I min
test may be replaced by a test of approximately 5 s at the normal test volrage specified in
Table V or of approximately I sat 120% of the normal test voltage in Table V. the test voltage
being applied by means of prods.
The high-voltage test at full voltage made on the windings on acceptance shall not be
repeated. If, however, a second test is made at the request of the purchaser, after further drying
if considered necessary, the test voltage shall be 80% of the voltage specified in Table V.

Completely rewound windings shall be tested at the full test voltage for new machines,

When a user and a repair contractor have agreed to carry out dielectric tests in cases where
windings have been partially rewound or in the case of an overhauled machine, the following
provisions are recommended:
a) partially rewound windings are tested at 75% of the test voltage for a new machine. Before
the test. the old part of the winding shall be carefully cleaned and dried:

b) overhauled machines. after cleaning and drying. are subjected to a test at a voltage equal to
1.5 times the rated voltage. with a minimum of I 000 V if the rated voltage is equal to or _
greater than 100 V and a minimum of 500 V if the rated voltage is less than 100 V. ._

T ABLE V

Dielectric tens
Itern
Machine or purr Test volrnge (r.m.s.1
No.

1 Insulated winding of rotating machines of size 500 V + twit: the mtcd v o l t a g e

less than I kW or kVA. and of rated voltape
less than IO4 V with the exception of those in
Items 4 LO a
2 Insulated windings or rotatine machines ol size I 000 V + twice the rated voltape with B minimum
l e s s t h a n IOOOO kW (or kVA) w i t h t h e of I500 v kc Note I)
exception of those in Item I and Items 4 to 8
(see Note 2)
3 insulated windings of rotating machines or size
lODo kW ( o r kVA) o r more w i t h t h e
cxccption of those in items 4 IO 8 (see Note 2)

Rated voltage (see Note I):

- upto24000V IOcov+2c
- above 24000 V Subjcc: tn aprtemcnt between manuhurer a n d
purchaser
4 Separately-excited lield windings of dx. machines I 000 V i twice the maximum rated circuit voltqe
with il minimum of I5013 V

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34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 67 -

TABLE V (conrind)
Item Machine or part Test voltage (r.m.s.)
No.
5 Field windings of synchronous gcncntors. syn-
chronous motors and synchronous condenrcrs

Rated field voltage:

- up to 500 v Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum
of I 500 v
- at#vc5OOV 4000 V + twice the rated field voltage

b) When s machine is intended lo be started with Ten times the rated Rcld voltage with D minimum
the field windin% short-circuited or connected of I 500 V snd u maximum of 3 500 V
across a resistance of value less than rcn times
the resistance of the winding
Cl When the machine is intended to be started 1000 V + twice the maximum value of the r.m.s.
cithcr with the field winding connected across volt?ge. which can occur under the specified
a resistance of value equal to. or more than. ten swung conditions. between the terminnls of
times the resistance of the windilg. or with the the field winding. or in the case ol B
field windin? on open-circuit wth or without sectionalized field winding between the tcrmi-
a field-ditidmg switch nnls of any section. with a minimum of I 500 V
(seeNok 3) "
6 Secondary (usually rotor) windings of induction
motors or synchronous induction motors if not
permanently short-circuited (e.g. if intended
for rheostatis starting)

d - For non-reversing motors or motors reversible I 000 V + twice the open-circuit standstill voltage
from standstill only as measured between slip-rings or secondary
terminals with rated volta_ee applied to the
primary windings
bl 4 - For motors to be reversed or braked by IO00 V i four times the open-circuit rtandrtill ‘-
reversing the primary supply while the motor secondary voltage as defined in Item 6~1
is running
7 Exciten (except as below) As for the windings to which they arc connected

Eweprim I - i%itcrS Of SynChrOnOuS mOtOrS IO00 V -I- twice the rated exciter voltage. with a
(in&dins synchronous induction motors) if minimum of I500 V
connected to earth or disconnmtcd from the
field windings during starting

Eweprim 2 -Separately excited field windings of

exciters (see Item 4)
8 Assembled group of machines and apparatus A repetition ofthetcrtsin items I to 7aboveshould
k avoided if possible. but if a test on an
asnemblc‘d group of several piecer of new up
perntus. each one of which has previously
parsed its high-voltage test. is made. the test
voltage 10 be applied to such assembled proup
shall be 80% of the lowest test voltage sppro-
priatc for any part of the group (see Note 4)
Pfores I.- Fortwo-pharewindingshavingonetemGnolincommon. thevolta~ein thcformulnshall bcthc highest r.m.s.
voltage arising between any two terminals during operation.
2.-High-voltage tests on machines having greded insulation should be the subject of an agreement between
manufacturerand purchaser.
3. -The voltage occurring between the terminals ofthc field windings. or sections thereof. under the specified
surting conditions may be mcasurcd at any convenient reduced supply voltage. and the voltageso mcasurcd
shall be increased in the ratio of rhc spccitied starting supply volllge LO the test supply voltage.

1. -For windings of one or more machines connecwd together elcctric.lly. rhc voltage LO bc considered is the
maximum voltape that occurs in relation to earth.
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34-l 0 I E C 1983 - 69 -
t

SECTION SEVEN - MISCELLANEOUS CHARACTERISTICS

18. Occasional excess current for rotating machines

Notes 1. -The excess currcnt upobilily of rowing machincs is given for the purpose of co-ordinating thcsc
machines with control and protective devices. Tests to demonstrace thnc capabilities xc no1 a
requircmcnt of this stznndard.
2. - The heating effect in the mwhinc windings varies approximntcly US the product or the time and the square
or the current. A current in excess of the rated current will result in incrcwcd tempcrnturc. tinless
other&e agreed between mtnufttcturcr and purchaser. h cnn be assumed that the machine will no, bc
opented at the excess currents spa&d for more than a few short periods during the lifaime of the
machine.
3. - When an LC. machine is to bc used as both u pnerator and J maor. the cxccss currcm capnbilily should
be the subject of agrnmcnt between mtnuhcturcr and purchaser.

18.1 Occasional excess current for 0.c. generators

A.C. generators having rated outputs not exceeding 1200 MVA shall be capable of
0 withstanding a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for not less than 30 s.
AX. generators having rated outputs above I $00 MVA shall be capable of withstandins
a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for a period which shall be agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser, but this period shall be not less than 15 s.

15.2 Occasional excess current/or a.c. motors (except commwufor morors)

Three-phase a.c. motors having rated outputs not exceeding 3 15 kW and rated voltages not -
exceeding 1 kV shall be capable of withstanding a current equal to I.5 times the rated current T..
for not less than 2 min. -.
NOM. - For three-phase maon having rated outputs above 315 kW and all sir&phase maors. no occkonill .’
excess current is specified.

18.3 Occasional excess ctrrrenr jbr d.c. machines and ax. commttrulor motors

D.C. motors and generators and P.C. commutator motors shall be capable of withstanding
Q at the highest full-field speed (rated speed of a generator) and corresponding armature voltage.
a current equal to I.5 times the rated current for not less than I min.

For large machines a shorter time may be agreed between’manufacturer and purchaser but
this shall be not less than 30 s.

19. Momentary excess torque for motors

19.1 Po[rphase indtrcrioa mofors a n d d.c. mtj,ors ~csclrrdin,~ mo(ors in &b-clmse 19.2/

The motors shall. whatever their duty and construction. be capable of withstanding for I5 s.
without stalling or abrupt changein speed (under gradual increase of torque). an excess torque
of 60% of their rated torque, the voltage and frequency (induction motors) being maintained
at their rated values. For d.c. motors, the torque may be expressed in terms of overload
current.

..
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34-1 0 I EC 1983 - 71 -

Motors for duty type S9 shall be capable of withstanding momentarily an excess torque
determined according to the duty specified.
.
NOlC. - For an Ppproximatc dctcrmimlion of the changes in lempcn!urc due to the course of the currml-related
losses. the thermal cquiralenr lime constant. determined according to Sub-clause 15.7. may be usd. In
addition. in Ihc case of a commutator machine. utenrion should be given LO Ihe limits of commutation
capability.

19.2 Induction moforsfor specific applications

_. 19.2.1 Motors intended for specific applications that require a high torque. (for example for
hoisting) shall be the subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

19.2.2 For cage-type induction motors specially designed to ensure a starting current less than
4.5 times the rated current, the excess torque can be below the figure of 60% given in
Sub-clause 19.1 above, but not less than 50%.

Q 19.2.3 In the case of special types of induction motors with special inherent starting properties,
for example motors intended for use at variable frequency, the value of the excess torque shall
be the subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

19.3 Po/.vphase synchronous motors

Unless otherwise agreed, a polyphase synchronous motor, irrespective of the duty, shall be
capable of withstanding an excess torque as specified below for I5 s without falling out of
synchronism, the excitation being maintained at the value corresponding to rated load. When,-
automatic excitation is used, the limits of torque shall be the same values with the excitation.
equipment operating under normal conditions: ‘_
- synchronous (wound rotor) induction motors: 35% excess torque
- synchronous (cylindrical rotor) motors: 35% excess torque
- synchronous (salient pole) motors: 50% excess torque

19.4 Other motors

The momentary excess torque for single-phase. commutator and other motors shall be the
subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

20. Pull-up torque

Unless otherwise specified, the pull-up torque of cage induction motors under full voltage
shall be at least equal to the following values:

20.1 Single speed Ihree-phase motors

n) For output less than 100 kW:
0.5 times the rated torque and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.
b) For output equal to or greater than 100 kW:
0.3 times the rated torque and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.
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34-l G IEC 1983 - 73 -
.
20.2 Single-phase and mulri-speed three-phase malors
0.3 times the rated torque.
.

21. Overspeed

Machines shall be designed to withstand the speeds specified in Table VI,

An ovenpeed test is not.normally considered necessary but can be performed when this is
specified and has been agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. (For turbine-type a-c.
generators, see also I EC Publication 34-3: Rotating Electrical Machines. Part 3: Ratings and
Characteristics of Three-phase. 50 Hz Turbine-type Machines.) An overspeed test shall be
considered as satisfactory if no permanent abnormal deformation is apparent subsequently.
and no other weakness is detected which would prevent the machine from operating normally.
and provided the rotor windings after the test comply with the required dielectric tests. The
duration of any overspeed test shall be 2 min.

Due to settling of laminated rotor rims, laminated poles held by wedges or by bolts etc..
a minute permanent increase in the diameter is natural. and not to be considered as an
abnormal deformation indicating that the machine is not suitable for normal operation.

During commissioning of a hydraulic-turbine driven synchronous eenerator. the machine

shall be driven at the speed it can reach with the overspeed protection operating. so as to
ascertain that the balance is satisfactory up to that speed.

T ABLE V I

0 verspeeds

Item
Machine type Overspeed requirement
No.

I A.C. machines
- All machines other than those specified below: I .? times the maximum rnrcd speed

0) Water-turbine driven generators. any nuriliary Unless otherwise specified. the runaway speed of
machines connected directly lclectrically or the ret but not less than I.1 times the muximum
mechanically) to the main mxhine i-zncd speed

hl Machines which may under certain circum- The specified runuway speed of the set but no, less
stances be driven by the load than I.1 limes the maximum rated speed
c) Series and universal motors I. I times the no-load speed at rated volugc
For motors inte_prally attached to loads rhar
cx~not become occidentally disconncctcd. the
words “no-load speed” shall be inwprctcd to
mex~ the lishtcst load condition possible with
the load

2 DC. machines
01 Shunt-wound ilnd scpar~tcly excited motors I.2 times the hj$hest mtcd speed or I. I5 times the
correspondmg no-load speed. whichever is
grcxer
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34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 75 -

T A B L E V I fconrintred)

Itern Machine type Ovcnpccd requirement

NO.

? b) C o m p o u n d - w o u n d motors having speed 1.2 times the higher rated speed or I.15 times ibc
regulation of 35% or less corresponding no-load spetd. whichever is
greater but not exceeding 1.5 times the highest
tared speed

r) Compound-wound motors. having speed The manufacturer shall assign a maximum safe
.. regulation greater than 35% and series-wound operating speed which shall be marked on the
motors rating plate. The overspeed for these motors
shall be I.1 times the maximum safe operating
speed. The safe operating speed marking is not
rquircd on motors that arc capable of an
overspeed or I.1 times the no-load speed at
nted voltage
d] Permanent-magnet excited motors Overspeeds as specified in Item .?ui unless the
motor has a series winding and. in such a ~JSE.
they shall withstand the overspeeds specified in
Items Zhl or 2c1 as appropriate

r) Generators I.2 rimes the rated speed

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34-l *a I EC 1983 - 77 -
-,
22. Unbalanced currents of synchronous machines
. Unless otherwise specified. three-phase synchronous machines shall be capable df operating
continuously on an unbalanced system such that, with none of the phase currents exceeding
the rated current. the ratio of the negative sequence component of current (L) to the rated
current (IN) does not exceed the values in Table VII and under fault conditions shall be capable
of operation with the product of (lz/IN)’ and time in seconds (I) not exceeding the values in
Table VII.
_.
T ABLE VII

Maximum (I:.Is):r Tar

Maximum Iz!Is
Machine type operalion under
No. for continuous operation
fault conditions

Salient pole machines

Indirectly cooled
motors 0.1 20
gcncralors 0.08 10
synchronous condensers 0.1 20
Directly cooled (inner cooled) slator
and;or field

motors 0.08
generators 0.05
synchronous condensers 0.08
Cylindrical rotor synchronous
machines

Indirectly cookd rotor

air-cooled 0.1 I5
hydroeen-cootd t-I.1 IO
Directly cooled k~ncr cooled) rotor

d 350 MVA 0.08 s

, @ > 350 C 900 MVA * .*
> 900 $ I250 MVA I 5
> 1150 < l6OU.WVA 1m5 5

* For these machines. the value or 1211~ is ckulated as follows:

** For these machines. the value of (12;lY)2r is calculated as rollows:

(12;lsFr = 8 - 0.005 45 (s, - 3~0)
where & is the rated apparent power in mcp~voltamperes.

23. Short-circuit current

Unless otherwise specified. the peak value of the short-circuit current for synchronous
machines. and turbine-type machines not covered by I EC Publication 34-3. in the case of
short circuit on all phases during operation at rated voltage. shall not exceed I5 times the peak
value or 21 times the r.m.s. value of the rated current.
 .
,

34-l Cl IEC 1983 - 79 -

For three-phase turbine-type machines. see 1 EC Publication 34-3.

. The check may be carried out by calculation or by means of a test at a voltage of 500,/o of
the rated voltage or above.

24. Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines

The three-phase short-circuit test for synchronous machines shall be carried out only at the
request of the purchaser. In this case. the test shall be carried out on the machine running on
no-load with an excitation corresponding to the rated voltage unless otherwise agreed. The
test shall not be carried out with an excitation greater than that corresponding to 1.05 times
the rated voltage at no load.
The test excitation. as determined. may be reduced by agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser, in order to take into account the impedance of the transformer which may be
placed between the machines and the system. In this latter case. it may also be agreed that
the test be made on the operating site with the over-excitation device in operation. The short
circuit shall be maintained for 3 s.
The test is considered satisfactory if no harmful deformation occurs and if the requirements
of the applied voltage dielectric test (see Clause 17. Table V) are met after the short-circuit
test. For three-phase turbine-type machines, see 1 EC Publication 34-3.

SECTION EIGHT - COMMUTATION TEST

3. Commutation test for diiect or alternating current commutator machines

A direct or alternating current commutator machine shall be capable of operating from

no-load to operation wirh the excess current or excess torque specified in Section Seven
without permanent damage to the surface of the commutator or brushes and without injurious
sparking. the brushes remaining in the same set position. If a temperature-rise test is made,
the commutation test shall be made immediately after completion of that test.

. SECTION NINE - TOLERANCES

26. Schedule of tolerances on quantities involved in the rating of electrical machines

,Vorcs I. - It is not intended that puarnntw necessarily be given upon all or any orlhe items shown in Table VIII.
Tenders including guaranwes subject to tolerilnccs should so st~e. and the tolerances should be in
accordance with Table VIII.
2. - Awsmion is draw to the diRerent interprewiorwof the term “guartntce”.
In some countries a distinction is drawn between guaranteed valuer and typical or declared values.

3. - Where a tolerance is stated in only one direction. the value is not limilcd in the other direction.
 34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 81 -

T A B LE VIII
Schedule of tolerances

I ERiciency’
0) By summadon of lorses:
.. - machines up to 50 kW -l5%“F(l - 7)

- machines above 50 kW -10% of (I - ‘1)

b) By input - outpul tcS1 - 15% o r (1 - 7)

2 Total IOSSCS* (applicable 1” machines above + 10% of the ioul losses

50 kW)
Minimum 0.02
3 ~owcr-factor for induction machines -Y6ot-(l - COSrp)
Maximum 0.07
Q
4
0) Speed of d.c. shunt and separate excitation motors kW per IO00 r:min
(at full load ar;d at working temperature) < 0.67 2 15%
Nor less than 0.67 but below 2.5 * 10%
Not less than 2.5 but below IO + 7.5%
IO and upwards i5%
bl Speed of d.c. series motors (at full load and a~ < 0.67 f 20%
working tcmpcrature) Not less than 0.67 but below 2.5 2 15%
Not less than 2.5 but below IO 2 10%
IO and upwards 5 7.5%
CJ Speed 0f’d.c. compound excitation motors (at full Tolerances as for Item 4h/ unless otherwise agreed
load and at working temperalure) belwecn monulacturer and purchaser

5
Slip olinduction motors (at full load and ai work-
ing temperalure)
- machines having output I kW (or kVA) or k 20% of the guaranteed slip
more
- machines having output less than I kW (or k 30% of the guaranteed slip
LVA)
0 b, Speed of B.C. motors with shunt characteristics (at - on the highest speed:
full load and at working temperature1 -3% of the synchronous speed
o n ihc 1ows1 s p e e d :
+390 “I’ the synchronous speed

6 Inherent voltage regulation of d.c. generators. _i _‘Oh of the guaranteed regulation at that point
shunt or separately excited a~ any point on the
. characteristic

7 Inherent voltage regulation of generamrs with & 20% of the guwamecd regulation. with a mini-
compound excitation (at the rated power- mum or
. factor in the case or alternating current) & 3% of the ralcd voltage
(Thistolcranceappliest”themaximumdcviation ill
any load between the observed voltage ill that
loadandasraightlincdrawnberweenthepoints
ofguuranteed no-load and l’ull-load vollagel

8 Locked rotor currem or cage induction motors ~20% of the guaranteed current (no lower iimilj
with rho&circuited rotor and with any speci-
fied starting apparatus

* The determination of efficiency and losses is dealt with in I EC Publication 34-2

 .
.

.. 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 83 -

.
. TABLE V I I I (conrinued)
.
Item Item Tolerance
No.

9 Peak value of short-&coil cumnl of an ax. gcn- f 30% of the guamntecd YPIUC
entor under specified conditions

IO Steady shon-circuit cumnl of an S.C. generator at + 15% of the gutwacd value

.. s@fied excitation

220% of the guaranteed vaiadon with I mini-

II Variation of speed of d.c. shunt-wound and corn-
pound-wound motors (from no-load to full mum of +2% of the rated speed
load)

I2 Locked rotor torque of induction motors - 15% + 25% of the guaranteed torque
( + 25% may be exceeded by agreement)

I2A Pull-up torque of induction motors - 15% of the guarnnrecd torque

I3 Pull-out torque of induction motors - 10% of the guaranwd torque cxccpr that after
0 allowing for this tolerance the torque shall be
not less than I .6 or I .5 times the rated, torque
(see clzJsc 19)

I? Mommt of inertia f 10% of the guaranteed value

I5 Locked rotor torque for synchronous motors - 15% + 25% of the guaranteed value
(+25% may be exceeded by agreement)

I6 Pull-out torque for synchronous motors - 10% of the guaranteed vulue except that after
allowing for this ~olerancc. the torque shall be
not less than 1.35 or I.5 times the rated torque
(see Clause 19)

I7 Locked rotor current for synchronous motors +20% of the guaranteed value (no lower limit)

SECTION TEN - RATING PLATES

27. Rating plates

Every electrical machine shall be provided with a rating plate (or rating plates). containing
the following appropriate information which shall be easily legible and durable. This infot-ma-
. tion need not all be on the same plate. As far as possible the rating plate(s) shall be fixed to
the frame of the machine and, unless otherwise specified, located in such a way as to be easily
legible in the position of use determined by the type of construction of the machine (see I EC
Publication 34-7: Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 7: Symbols for Types of Construction
and Mounting Arrangements of Rotating Electrical Machinery).

1. The manufacturer’s name.

2. The manufacturer’s serial number, or identification mark. and year of manufacture.

3. The type of machine: motor or generator; shunt, series, compound. cage. etc.

..
 .

_- 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 85 -

*
4. The class of rating or the duty type according to Clauses 3 to 6 inclusive.
. 5. The rated output.
6. The rated voltage.
7. The rated current.
8. Type of current (d.c. __c or a.c. -).
9. For a.c. machines, the rated frequency and‘number of phases.
_. 10. The rated speed, or speed range.
11. The permissible over-speed, if applicable (e.g.. turbine-type generators and hydraulic-
turbine driven generators).
12. The ciass of insulation or the permissible temperature rise.
13. The number and date of the standard applicable (e.g. I EC 34-1 (1983)).
14. For a.c. machines, the winding connections designated by the appropriate symbols from
IEC Publication 117-I: Recommended Graphical Symbols, Part 1: Kind of Current,
Distributions Systems. Methods of Connection and Circuit Elements.

15. For a.c. machines, the power-factor.

16. For synchronous machines or d.c. machines with separate excitation, the rated field
current and voltage.
17. For wound-rotor induction machines. the open-circuit voltage between slip rings and the
slip-ring current for rated conditions.
18. For hydrogen-cooled machines, the hydrogen pressure at rated output.

19. The maximum ambient temperature if the machine is designed for a maximum ambient
temperature other than 40 “C, or the maximum water temperature if the machine is
designed for a maximum water temperature other than 25 ‘C.
20. The altitude, if the machine is designed to be used at an altitude exceeding 1000 m.
Notes I. - Tbc above items arc numbered for convenient reference. but the order in which they nppenr on the rating
plate is not standardized.
2. - In addition to the above information. some coun~rics rcquirc rhe mass of the machine IO be shown when
it exceeds a ponicular figure.
If a machine is suitable for operation in only one direction of rotation. except in the case
of a motor with the windings permanently connected so that only one direction of rotation
is possible, the direction of rotation shall be clearly indicated by an arrow. This arrow need
not be on the rating plate but shall be in an easily visible position

SECTION ELEVEN - IRREGULARITIES OF WAVEFORM

28. Requirements and tesrs

The requirements of this section apply only to synchronous machines of 300 kW (or LVA)
or above, intended for connection to power networks operating at nominal frequencies of
16% Hz to 100 Hz inclusive. with a view to minimizing interference between power lines and
adjacent circuits.

..
 1

1 : .

34-I 0 IEC 1983 - 87 -

I I.
28. I Requirements
When tested on open-circuit and at rated speed and voltage. the telephone harmonic factnr
(THF) of the line-to-line terminal voltage as measured according to the methods laid down
in Sub-clause 28.2 shall not exceed the following values:

Rated output of machine THF I

300 kW (or kVA) < P 6 ICOO kW loi k\‘Al

IO00 kW (or kVA) < P G So00 kW (of kVA)
5DOOkW(orkVA) < P

Snm 1. - Limiting vitlun of individual harmonics we nol specified as it is considcrcd that mltchincs which meet
the above rquimmenrs will be operationally satisfactory.
2. - Where the synchronous mnchine is to be conncacd lo Ihe system in an unusual m;lnner (e.g.. where the
star point of the machine is connected to earth and the machine is not linked to Ihc system viu il
transformer). the waveform rquirements should bc agreed between mnnufacturcr and purchaser.

28.2 Tests
Type tests shall be carried out on a.c. generators to verify compliance with Sub-clause 28. I.

The range of frequencies measured shall cover all harmonics from rated frequency up to
5000 Hz.
Either the THF may be measured directly by means of a meter and associated network
specially designed for the purpose. or each individual harmonic shall be measured and from
the measured values the THF shall be computed using the following formula:

THF (%) = 7 E;? j.: + .&3 j.: f Ei; j.: + .._ Ei ii

where:
&. = r.m.5. value of n* harmonic line-to-line terminal volril~e
L: - r.m.s. value line-to-line terminal voltage of machine
L, = weighting factor for frequency corresponding to II* harmonic

..

--
 34-l 8 IEC 1983 - 89 -

Numerical values of the weighting factor for different frequencies shall be obtained from
Table IX, the curve in Figure 10, page 103, may be used as an aid to interpolation.

T ABLE IX
Weighting fqcmrs

Frquency Weighting Frequency Weighting

(Hz) factor 0-M l&Or

16.66 0.00000117 2050 1.79

Ip 0.0000444 2100 1.81
m 0.00112 2150 1.82
ye 0.00665 2200 I.84
m 0.0223 2250 I .a6
250 0.0556 2300 1.87
0.111 2350 I.89
0.165 24OD 1.90
400 0.242

450 0.327 2450 1.91

m 0.414 1.93
550 0.505 1.93
fi!E 0.595 1.94
650 0.691 2650 1.95
7cxl 0.790 2700 1.96
750 0.895 2750 1.96
m I.ooo 2sw 1.97

850 1.10 2850 1.97

9cQ 1.21 2900 1.97
950 1.32 2950 1.97
!.!@Q 1.40 1.97
1050 I.46 1.94
II00 1.47 3200 1.89
1150 1.49 3300 1.83
!2@ 1.50 3400 1.75

1250 1.53 1.65

1300 1.55 1.51
1350 1.57 37m 1.35
1400 1.58 3800 1.19

4300 0.496

,
r .
I .

*- - 34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 91 -

..

SECTION TWELVE - CO-ORDINATION OF VOLTAGES AND OUTPUTS

.

29. Co-ordination of voltages and outputs

I * In the case of a.c. machines. the rated output sh.ould be greater than the limits given below
in terms of the rated voltage:

Rated voiiage Minimum rated output

&VI (kW or LVA)

2 < IJ” < 3.3 100

3.3 < 0. s 6.6 200
6.6 < L;” < II loa

~ b$,
3 SECTION THIRTEEN - CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

30. Earth terminals

Machines shall be provided with means for connecting a protective conductor or an earth
conductor, such means being identified by the appropriate symbol or legend. This requirement
does not apply to machines with supplementary insulation, to machines with rated voltages
up to 42 V, or to machines for assembling in apparatus with supplementary insulation.

In the case of machines having rated voltages above 42 V, but not exceeding 1000 V a.c.
or 1500 V d.c., the terminal for the earth conductor shall be situated in the vicinity of the
terminals for the line conductors, being placed in the terminal box if one is provided. Machines
having rated outputs in excess of 100 kW shall have, in addition, an earth terminal fitted on
the frame.
Machines for rated voltages higher than 1000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. shall have an earth
terminal on the frame, for example an iron strap, and in addition, a means inside the terminal
box for connecting a conducting cable sheath, if any.

The earth terminal shall be designed to ensure a good connection with the earth conductor
.
without any damage to the conductor or terminal. Accessible conducting parts which are not
part of the operating circuit shall have a good electrically conducting connection with each
other and with the earth terminal. The shaft need not be electrically connected to the earth
. terminal unless the bearings are insulated and the accessible parts of the shaft and of these
i insulated bearings can be subjected to dangerous contact voltages under fault conditions.

When an earth terminal is provided in the terminal box. it shall be assumed that the earth
conductor is made of the same metal as the live conductors.
When an earth terminal is provided on the’frame. the earth conductor may, bv agreement,
be made of another metal (e.g., steel). In this case, in designing the terminal. proper
consideration shall be given to the conductivity of the conductor.

..
 .
.
34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 93 -

The earth terminal shall be designed to accommodate an earth conductor of cross-sectional

area in accordance with the table below. If an earth conductor larger than the size given in
the table is used, it is recommended that it should correspond as nearly as possible to one of
the other sizes listed.

T ABLE X

Cross-sectional areas of earth conductors

4 Cross-sectional mca Cross-sectional arca of the earth

of the live conductors or protective conductors
(mm? (mm’)
4 4
6 6
10 IO
16 16
25 25
35 25
50 25
70 35
95 50
120 70
I50 70
I85 95
240 120
300 150
400 I85

For other cross-sectional areas of live conductors. the earth or protective conductor shall
have a cross-sectional area at least equivalent to:
- that of the live conductor for cross-sectional areas less than 25 mm*;
- 25 mm* for cross-sectional areas between 25 mm* and 50 mm2;
- 50% of that of the live conductor for cross-sectional areas exceeding 50 mm*.
The earth terminal shall be identified in accordance with I EC Publication 445:
Identification of Apparatus Terminals and General Rules for a Uniform System of Terminal
Marking, using an Alphanumeric Notation.

3 1. Shaft extension key

When the machine shaft extension is provided with a keyway, it should be provided with
a full key of normal shape and length.
.
34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 95 -

Perter Blectriquea
Electric losses

Tempt
Time

N fonctionnemcm j charee constame

= operation at consram &ad

FIG. 2. - Service temporairc. Service type SZ.

Short time duty. Duty type S2.
 .
.
34-1 0 IEC 1983 - 97 -

,
Chsrga
Load

..

= dCmat-rage
D
starting
fonctionnement i charge con~tante
N
= operation at constant load
p reps
R
at rest and de-energized

@ %ma = temphmrc maximale aueinte au cows du cycle

maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle
Factcur de marchc D-bN
Cyclic duration factor = D + N + R 100%

. FIG. 4. - Service intermittent pkriodique B dtmarrage. Service type S4.

Intermittent periodic duty with starting. Duty type S4.
.
 .

34-l 0 IEC 1983 - 99 -

Durie d’un cycle

Period of one cycle
I.

I i

Pertss ilectriques
Electric IOS~OS

1emplrature
Temperature

Tamps
Time

fonctionnement i charge consranre

N = operation at constant load
foncrionnemcnt i vide
V - operation on no load
tempirature maximale attcinre au cows du cycle
Q Inax = maximum tcmperaturc attained during the duty C~CIC

Facteur de marche N
0 -’ 100%
Cyclic duration factor N+V

FIG. 6. - Service ininterrompu ptriodique P charge intermittente. Service type S6.

Continuous operation periodic type. Duty type S6.
/ .
 .

/ : ‘_ 34-1 0 I E C 1983 - 101 -

.
.

Charge
Load

Na*
Pertea 6lectriquw
Electric lossw za
.--
\

-
-
frcinagc tlcctriquc
F,F, = electric braking
ddmarragc
D
= accelera1ion

I @’ N,NsN,
fonctionnement i charges constantes
= opcrarion at constant loads

mnpkraturc maximalc rcteintc au cows du cycle

0 InpI = maximum tcmperaturc attained during the duty cycle
Factcurs de marche D + N,
lLw%
Cyclic duration factors p D -t N, i F, f N, + FL + Nx
. F, + N, 100%
D + N, f F, + N, + F, + N,
Fl + N,
1 1oQ%
D + N, f F, + N: + F: + N,

F IG . 8. - Service ininterrompu piriodique B changements Iits de charge et de vitesse. Service

type S8.
Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes. Duty type S8.

..
 ._ 34-l 8 IEC 1983 - 103 -
% ‘.

FrCquencet e” Hz
Frequency in Hz

F I G. IO. - Courbe de pondkration.

Weighting curve.
 - 104 - 34-l CT2 CEI 1983

- - -
- - - I-
- -
I-
- -
I1’
- -
/
/
/

.
Pobliatiom de la C E I prCp&a I E C publiatiom prepared
par le Comiti d’Etuda IP 2 by Techicnl Committee No. 2

34: - Machines Ckctriqws tournames. 34: - Rotating ekctrical machina.

34-I (1983) Prcmiirc p a n i c : Caracttristiquu assign& n W I (1983) Rrt I: Rating and performance.
caracttistiqua de fotxtionr~ement.
34-2 (1972) Douxitme panic: MChoda pour la timnina- 34-Z (1972) Part 2: Methods for determining I- a n d
don da prrta et du rmtdemm des machines dicimcY Of rocatin ckctrical machinerv f r o m
Hmriqucs toumaotes i partir d&air (i ICIU k~chding tn.&~ for traction vehktn).
kxclluion dn machina p o u r Ghicuks d e
tmu0n).
342A (1974) Premier compkmcnt: Maurc du perta par la 34-2A (1974) First ruppkmcnt: hieasuranmt of losses by the
mkhodc calorim~ue. calorimetric method.
34-J (1968) lroisitmc partic: Vakws nominaks et antis- 34-3 (1968) Part 3: Ratings and charackrirlics ofthmphue.
tiqua da dm-machina triphas& i SO Hz 50 Hz wrbine-type nuchines.
34-4 (1967) Quatritie panic: Mtthodcs pour la d6tcrmina- 34-4 (1967) Part 4: Methods for determining syyschrooo~
lion i partir d&air dcs grarxkurs dcs machines machine quantitia fmm tests.
synchrona.
Prcmi&e Uitioo (1967) comprmant la mcditka- Firs1 edition (1967) incorporating Amendment
tion II* I (1973) No. I (1973)
-.
34-W (1972) Prmtkr compliment: MCthodes non conhrn&s 34-4A (19721 Firs1 suppkment: Unconfirmed test methods for
p o u r l a d&rmination i rtir d‘cssair dcr dctmninmg synchronou machine quantida.
grandeurs des mtihines syncrrows.
34-5 (1981) Cinquihnc panic: Classitiation des degrti d e 34-S (1981) Part 5: Ckssiition ol degrees of protection
protection praur& p a r In mvcloppcs dcs provided by mclmum for rotating machines.
mrcllino wmnantu.
34-6 (1969) SixYme pa&: M o d e s d e rcfmidissemcnt dn 34-6 (1969) Fart: 6: Mctbods of cooling rotating machinery.
machines ~unantes.
34-7 (1972) Scptiic ponie: Symbola p o u r *I h-ma d e 34-7 (1972) hrt 7: Symbk for types of c~ns~~~~tion and
construction et la dispositions de mont+ dcs mounting rmngemcnu ‘of rotating ckctrical
machines Clecuiqucr toomanta. machinery.
34-S (1972) Htdti&nc ppnie: Marques &eat&G:& et smr dc 34-8 (1972) Pan 8: Terndnal markings and direction of
rotation du machines tournanta. rotation of rotating machines.
34-9 (1972) Ncuti&oe panic: Limita du bruit. 34-9 (1972) Part 9: Noise limits.
34-10 (1975) Dixiimc park: Convcotions r&&a 1 l a 34lO(l975) Part 10: Convcmions for description of synchro-
desaipion dcs machines synchroncs. now machines.
34-l I (1978) Onai~epartie: Protection thcrmiqucincorporie. 34-11 (1978) Part I I : Built-in thermal protection. Chapter I:
Cha itrc I : Rtgks cottcemant la protection dn Ruks for protection of rotating ekcttial
tnacl!ines tkctnqucs toumantes. machines.
34-U (1980) Dot&me pwtk: Caracttitiqws de dinurragc 34-12 (1980) P a n 12: Surdng puformana of s i n bspecd
dcr motcurs triphas& 6 induction I cage 1 unc three-phase cage induction motors for vofages up
$colc vitcssc p o u r d a tmsions d’alimentation to and iocluding 660 V.
ial-tires 0” tades 6 660 v.
34-13 (1980) Treidhne par&: Sp&i&ation pour ks moteun 34-13 (1980) Part 13: Specification for mill auxiliary motors.
auailiaim pour laminoirs.
34-14 (1982) Quatprricmc wie: Vibrations m&aniqun de 34-14 (1982) Pan 14: Mechanical vibration ofcrrtaio machina
cmm~machiaadc hauIavd’axesu*eurco” w i t h shaft h e i g h t s 56 m m a n d higbcr ’ -
mm - Mawag. &aluation et limites Marurement. evaluation and limits of the
ZZZLC vibratoire. vibrmiml severity.
72 (1971) 72 (1971) Dimensions and outpul ratings for rotating
Ckctriqtta toumanta - D&ignation dcs careas- dectrkal machines - Frame numbem 56 to 400
sa mm %I ct 404 et da brides cntrc FFSS CI and Range numbers FFSS to FFlO80 and FT55 to
FFl080 et mtrc FL55 et TrlO80. mlO80.
Modifieslion W I (1977) Amendmmt No. I (1977)
Modifkation no 2 (1981) Amendment No. 2 (1981)
72A (1970) Dimcruioos et puissances nomtaln dcs machines 72A (1970) Dimensions and output ntinp for foot-mounted
Sctfiwa toumancer i hxation o a r owes. dcctrkal machines with fnmc numben 355 to
disi~ition da carcasses cntrc 355 ci lOo6. IDob
85 (1957) Recommandations relatives 1 ta dassitication dcs 85 (1957) R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for the &s&cation of
matiim datinCa i Ikokmcnt d a machina a matcrkk for the insuh&m of ckctrical machi-
apporeils tlccviqucs en fonction de kur stabiliti nery ?nd, appacatus in relation to their thernnd
thetmiquc an service. aakhty m serwce
136: - D&ions des b&is et Porte-balais pour machines 136: - Dimensions of brushes and brush-holders for
tkctriques. ckctrical machinery.
136-I (1962) 5,::; p a n i c : D i m e n s i o n s principks et 1361 (1%2) Part I: Principal dimemioos sod tokrance~

IMlA(l972)Premiorcompkmcn~ 136-lA(1972)F1tst supplement.

136-2 (1967) Deuai~e panic: Dimensions compl~ntaircs 136-2 (1%7) Fart 2: Compkmmury dimensions of bnrrbes
d a b&ii - Conncxionr dcs balais. - Terminations of brushes.
Publications de la C E I pr+ris I E C publication prepared
par le Comiti d’Etodcl II* 2 by Technical Committee No. 2
(Suite) , Conrinucdl
1362A (1972)Pmnicr compl&ncnt: Eltmcnts de porte-balais. 13~?A (1972)Fint supplement: D&Is or brush-holders.
13628 [l973)Dcuai&nc compkmcnt: Dimcnsioos compkrnen- I3628 (I97f)Sccond suppkmcnt: Additiona dimensions and
trim ct &paisscur du m&al da tosses uiaks. dn thickness of metal for spade. flag and doubk shoe
tosses dnpw et dcs mssa i double bourrckt tcmtinals - Bar o r t u b u l a r t e r m i n a l s -
-Cows tubes - lntmsitb recommandics dam Recommended currems in brush Rcxibln and
ks dbks dcs balais et dans ks cows. tcnninols.
136-3 (1972) Troisi&tc partk: Questionnaire technique de la 136-l (1972) Part 3: I EC tcchni=l quationoairc lor users ot
C EI poor ka utilisatcws de &lair de charbon. carbon brushes.
276 (1968) Dcfmitions ct nomcndatw do balais d e 276 (1968) Ddin~tionsand‘nomcnclature for carbon brushes.
charbon d a portc&lais. dcs c&ctcurs ct d a brush-holders. commutators and slipringr.
baglla.
279 (1969) Maurc de la risistattcc dcs onroukmmts d’unc 279 (1969) Measurrmmt of the winding resistance ol an a.~.
mlchine d counnt altcmatif cn fonctionoement machine during opcmtion at alternating voltage.
sous tension akcmativc.
356 (1971) Dimmsions da colkctcws et da bagua. 356 (1971) Dimensions for commutators and sliprings.
413 (1972) Mirhodcs d’cssai pour la rocswe dn prop&b 413 (1972) Test procedures for detcmtining physical prop-
ohvsiauca dcs mat&s dc balais oour machines crtks of brash materials for ckcrncal machina.
hitri~ucs.
467 (1974) Miihoda d’cssai p o w la mesure da proprktb 467 (1974) Test procedures for dctemtining physical prop-
physiques dn b&is dc charbon pour machines erties of carbon brushes for electrical machmes.
ckclrutuu.
560 (1977) Dainit~ons e t tcmrinologie d a ports-b&is de X4 (1977) DcAnitions and terminology or brash-holders for
machiocs &ctriqucs. clcctrinl machines.
6881: - Dimensions des motcm de faibk puirspnee pour 681: - Dimauions al s m a l l porn moton f o r dc6nite
appliitions particu&xs. purpose application.
681-l (1980) Premi&cpanic: Moteurspowbnikuoimaaout. 681-I (I 980) Part I : Oil burner motors.

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