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Alevelsb sm1 Ex7d

This document contains 10 examples of hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. Each example clearly outlines the null and alternative hypotheses, expected and observed values, and whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis based on the calculated probability.

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33 views3 pages

Alevelsb sm1 Ex7d

This document contains 10 examples of hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. Each example clearly outlines the null and alternative hypotheses, expected and observed values, and whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis based on the calculated probability.

Uploaded by

Keerthy ver
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hypothesis testing 7D

1 H 0 : p = 0.5 H1 : p ≠ 0.5

If H0 is true X ~ B(30, 0.5)

Expected value would be 30 × 0.5 = 15.


The observed value, 10, is less than this so consider P( X ≤ 10)

P( X ≤ 10) = 0.0494 > 0.025 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to doubt p = 0.5

2 H0: p = 0.3 H1: p ≠ 0.3

If H0 is true X ~ B(25, 0.3)

Expected value would be 25 × 0.3 = 7.5.


The observed value, 10, is more than this so consider P( X ≥ 10)

P( X ≥ 10) = 0.1894... > 0.05 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to doubt p = 0.3

3 H0: p = 0.75 H1: p ≠ 0.75

If H0 is true X ~ B(10, 0.75)

Expected value would be 10 × 0.75 = 7.5.


The observed value, 9, is more than this so consider P( X ≥ 9)

P( X ≥ 9) = 0.2440... > 0.025 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to doubt p = 0.75

4 H0: p = 0.6 H1: p ≠ 0.6

If H0 is true X ~ B(20, 0.6)

Expected value would be 20 × 0.6 = 12


The observed value, 1, is less than this so consider P( X ≤ 1)

P( X ≤ 1) = 0.00000034.. < 0.005 (two-tailed)

Reject H0. There is evidence that p ≠ 0.6.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
5 H0: p = 0.02 H1: p ≠ 0.02

If H0 is true X ~ B(50, 0.02)

Expected value would be 50 × 0.02 = 1


The observed value, 4, is more than this so consider P( X ≥ 4)

P( X ≥ 4) = 0.01775... > 0.01 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to doubt p = 0.02

6 The probability that an unbiased coin lands on heads is 0.5


X is the number of times the coin being tested lands on heads
p is the probability that the coin being tested lands on heads.

H 0 : p = 0.5 H1 : p ≠ 0.5

If H0 is true X ~ B(20, 0.5)

Expected value would be 20 × 0.5 = 10


The observed value, 6, is less than this so consider P( X ≤ 6)

P( X ≤ 6) = 0.0577 > 0.025 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to think that the coin is biased.

7 a H 0 : p = 0.20 H1 : p ≠ 0.20

If H0 is true X ~ B(20, 0.20)

P( X ≤ 1) = 0.0692
P( X ≤ 0) = 0.0115 (closer to 0.025)

critical value = 0

P( X ≥ 9) =1 − P( X ≤ 8) =1 − 0.9900 =0.0100
P( X ≥ 8) =1 − P( X ≤ 7) =1 − 0.9679 =0.0321 (closer to 0.025)

Critical region X = 0 and X ≥ 8

b Actual significance level is 0.0115 + 0.0321 = 0.0436 = 4.36%

c X = 8 is in the critical region. There is enough evidence to reject H0. The hospital’s proportion of
complications differs from the national figure.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
8 a The probability that a glass bowl made using the original process is cracked is 0.1
X is the number of bowls in the sample using the new process that are cracked.
p is the probability that a bowl made using the new process is cracked.

H 0 : p = 0.1 H1 : p ≠ 0.1

If H0 is true X ~ B(20, 0.1)

Expected value would be 20 × 0.1 = 2


The observed value, 1, is less than this so consider P( X ≤ 1)

P( X ≤ 2) = 0.3917... > 0.05 (two-tailed)

There is insufficient evidence to reject H0 so there is no reason to think that the


proportion of cracked bowls has changed.

b Double the calculated probability to find the p-value


p- value = 0.3917…+ 0.3917… = 0.7835

9 The probability that a carrot grown in the original fertiliser is longer than 7 cm is 0.25
X is the number of carrots in the sample grown in the new fertiliser that are longer than 7 cm.
p is the probability that a carrot grown in the new fertiliser is longer than 7 cm.

H 0 : p = 0.25 H1 : p ≠ 0.25

If H0 is true X ~ B(30, 0.25)

Expected value would be 30 × 0.25 = 7.5


The observed value, 13, is more than this so consider P( X ≥ 13)

P( X ≥ 13) = 0.02159... < 0.025 (two-tailed)

There is evidence to reject H0. Therefore, there is reason to doubt p = 0.25.


So the probability of a carrot being longer than 7 cm has changed.

10 The probability that a standard blood test diagnoses the disease is 0.96
X is the number of patients correctly diagnosed in the sample using the new process.
p is the probability that a patient is correctly diagnosed using the new process.

H 0 : p = 0.96 H1 : p ≠ 0.96

If H0 is true X ~ B(75, 0.96)

Expected value would be 75 × 0.96 = 72


The observed value, 63, is less than this so consider P( X ≤ 63)

P( X ≤ 63) = 0.0000417... < 0.05 (two-tailed)

There is evidence to reject H0. Therefore, there is reason to doubt p = 0.96.


So the new test does not have the same probability of success as the old test.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3

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