BCS Advance Course

Lec-43/120, Topics: Victorian Period

Previous questions:
01.Who is the author of 'Jane Eyre? (43rd BCS)
K. Charlotte Brontë  L. Emily Brontë M. Jane Austen N. Mary Shelley
02.Who is the poet of the “Victorian Age”? (11th BCS)
K. Helen Keller L. Mathew Arnold M. Shakespeare N. Robert Browning D: N
e¨vL¨v: Robert Browning wQ‡jbVictorian Age-Gi GKRbweL¨vZKwe|
03. Browning was the composer of any of the following poems- (17th BCS)
K. Two voices L. The scholar Gipsy M. Andrea del Sarto N. Oenone D: M
e¨vL¨v: ‘Andrea Del Sarto’KweZvwUBrowning-Gi wjwLZKweZv| myZivsmwVKDËi M.|
04.“Into the ___ of death rode the six hundred.” (29th BCS)
K. city L. tunnel M. road N. valley D: N
e¨vL¨v: ‘Into the valley of death rode the six hundred’GwUAlfred Lord Tennyson-Gi (The
charge of the light Brigade) KweZvijvBb| ZvBmwVKDËin‡e N.| The poem tells the story of a brigade
consisting of 600 soldiers who rode on horseback into the “valley of death” for half a league (about one
and a half miles). They were obeying a command to charge the enemy forces that had been seizing their
guns.
05.Who wrote the two famous novels, ‘David Copperfield’ and ‘The Tale of two
Cities?’ (29th BCS)
K. Thomas Hardy L. Jane Austen M. Geogre Eliot N. Charles Dickens D: N
e¨vL¨v: Charles Dickens (7 February 1812-9 June 1870); weL¨vZDcb¨vm‘David
Copperfield’Ges‘The Tale of the two Cities’-Gi iPwqZv| Victorian
hy‡Mime‡P‡qRbwcÖqBs‡iRJcb¨vwmK| ZviD‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv¸‡jvn‡jv- Sketches by Boz, The Old Curisity
Shop, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, Barnaby Rudge, A Christmas Carol, Marin
Chuzzlewit, Great Expectations, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times, Our Mutual
Friend, The Pickwick Papers.
06. Which of the followings books in written by Thomas Hardy?( 36th BCS )
a) Vanity Fair b) The Return of the Native c) Pride and Prejudice d)
Oliver Twist
e¨vL¨v :(B) Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) GKRbweL¨vZEnglish Kwe I Novelist ZuviweL¨vZDcb¨vm— The
Return of the Native, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Poor man and the Lady (First
novel), Tess of the D’ Urberville, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Jude the Obscure cÖf…wZ|
07. ‘David Copperfield’ is a/an – novel. (36th BCS)
K. Victorian L. Elizabethan M. Romantic N. Modern D: K
Z_¨: Bs‡iwRmvwn‡Z¨ Victorian Age Gi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvjn‡”Q1832-1900; Elizabethan Age Gi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj1558-
1603; Romantic Age Gi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj1798-1832 GesModern period Gi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj1901-1939 mvjch©šÍ|
David Copperfield’Dcb¨v‡mi †jLKCharles Dickens Gi RxebKvjn‡”Q1812-1870| myZivsZviRxebKvj
†_‡K GUv ¯ú÷ ‡h, ‘David Copperfield Victorian Age (1832-1900)-Gi Dcb¨vm|
08. London town is found a living being in the works of -(36th BCS)
K. Thomas Hardy L. Charles Dickens D: L
M. W. Congreve N. D.H. Lawrence
Z_¨: Charles Dickens-Gi weL¨vZDcb¨vm‘A Tale of Two Cities’. Dcb¨vmwU‡ZTwo cities
ØvivLondonGesPariskniØq‡KeySv‡bvn‡q‡Q| Charles Dickens GB Dcb¨vmwU‡ZLondon town ‡KLiving
being wn‡m‡eZz‡jaivn‡q‡Q| ZuviiwPZweL¨vZDcb¨vmn‡jv- David Copperfield, Great Expectation, Oliver
Twist, The Pickwick Paper cÖf…wZ| Thomas Hardy iwPZweL¨vZDcb¨vmn‡jv- The Return of The
Native, The Poor Man and The Lady, Under the Greenwood Tree, Tess of the d’Urbervilles
cÖf…wZ| D.H. Lawrence iwPZweL¨vZDcb¨vmn‡jv- The Rainbow, Lady Chatterley’s Lover, The
White Peacock, Sons and LoverscÖf…wZ|
09. In which century was the Victorian period? (16th BCS)
K. 17th century L. 18th century M. 19th century N. 20th century D: M
e¨vL¨v: Victorian Age-Gi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj1832-1901; Georgian Age-Gi ¯’vwqZ¡KvjLyeBmswÿß; Gi
ïiæVictorian Age-Gi ci Avi †kl Modern ageïiæiAv‡M|
10. Robert Browning was a ___ poet. Fill in the gap with appropriate word. (37th BCS)
K. Romantic L. Victorian M. Modern N. Elizabethan D: L
e¨vL¨v: Bs‡iwRmvwn‡Z¨ 1558-1603 mgq‡Kejv nq Elizabethan Period| 1798-1832 mgq‡KModern
Period ejv nq| Robert Browing- Gi RxebKvj 1812-1889| wZwbVictorian Period Gi weL¨vZKwe|
whwbDramatic Monologue e¨env‡iigva¨‡g Bs‡iwRKweZvq GK bZzbavivim~PbvK‡ib| ZuviweL¨vZKweZvn‡jv-
The Patriot, Rabbi Ben Ezra, Andrea Del Sarto, Men and Women, The Ring and the Book,
My Last Duchess|
11.The old order change , yielding place to new....The line is extracted from? (40th BCS)
Ans: Morte D’ Arthur (Lord Alfred Tennyson)
12. Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of-
A John Milton B John Keats
C Arthur Henry Hallam D Sydney Smith Ans: C
Exp:Arthur Henry Hallam. Alfred Lord Tennyson Victorian Period [1832-1901] Gi
weL¨vZKwe| Cambridge G Arthur Henry Hallam bvgK GK hye‡Ki mv‡_ ZvicwiPq nq| Halllam
Tennyson ‡K ZvimvwnZ¨Kg© cÖKv‡kmnvqZvK‡i| Hallam Gi g„Zz¨i `y:‡L
AbycÖvwYZn‡qwZwbGKwUweL¨vZelegyiPbvK‡ibIn Memoriam bv‡g| The original title of the poem was
“The way of the soul”.
GB KweZviweL¨vZjvBbn‡”Q -
“Tis better to have love and lost
Than never to have loved at all”
6. ‘Ulysses’ is a novel written by- (40th BCS)
A Joseph Conrad B Thomas Hardy C. Charles Dickens D. James Joyce Ans:
D
Exp:James Joyce. James Joyce GKRbweL¨vZIrish Novelist. ZviweL¨vZDcb¨vmn‡”QUlysses.
Z‡eVictorian Period Gi Representative poet Alfred Tennyson Gi ‘Ulysses’
bv‡gGKwUKweZvi‡q‡Q|

The Victorian Period (1832-1901): (19th Century)

Important Events:
 Golden age of Novel
 Agriculture to Industry
1815 , 15 June , Nepoliandefetead by duke of walington
 1833, `vmcÖ_vwejyß
1843 , Fabian Society
1859 , Darwin , On the Origin of Spices
1860 ,bxjwe‡`ªvnAemvb
Main three Poets:BAT: Browning, Arnold, Tennyson
01.Robert Browning,
02.Mathew Arnold ,
03.Alfred Tennyson
04.Charles Dickens
05. Edward Fitzgerald (wdRvijW)
06. Thomas Hardy
07. William Makepeace Thekary
08. Benjamin Fraklin
09. Leo Tolstoy

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

He was a famous English poet, playwright and psycho – analyst of the Victorian period.wZwbKweP B Shelley
Gi great admire (we‡klAbyivMx )wQ‡jb|His wife Elizabeth Barret Browning also poet in victorian age
He was a father of Dramatic Monologue ( bvUKxq ¯^M‡Zvw³/ evbvUKxq GKK fvl‡YiKweZv).
Books of Poems:
01. Men and Women (Blank Verse- AwgÎvÿi Q‡›`)
02. Dramatic Lyrics
03. The Ring of the Book
Famous Poems:
1.My Last Duchess (weMZcZœx )
2. Andrea Del Sarto (wkíxGwÛªqv )
3.Porphyria Lover ( ‡cvidvBwiqvi †cÖwgK )
4. A Grammarian Funeral ( e¨vKiYwe‡`iA‡šÍ¨wówµqv )
5.Rabbi Ben Ezra (GKRbBûw` cwÛZ; Bûw`‡`iag©hvRK‡Ki¨vevBejvnq )
6.Fra Lippo Lippi (wjàywjwà)
7.The Pied Piper of Hamelin ( wkï‡ZvlKweZv )
8.The Patriot (Patriotism KweZvwUwj‡L‡QbSir Walter Scott)
9. One word more
Famous Play:
1.The return of the druses
2.Colubus birthday
Memorising:
Men and Women Robert Browing
Man and Superman G.B. Show
Women in Love D.H. Lawrence
The Patriot Robert Browing
The Patriotism Sir Walter Scott
Men and Women
Bishop Blougram’s Apology, long poem by Robert Browning, published in the two-volume collection Men
and Women (1855). A book of 12 books.
The poem contains conversations between Bishop Blougram and Gigadibs, a journalist. The two
men argue about the nature of reality and the nature of faith. Neither man finally succeeds at his
original intent: the journalist cannot pry from the prelate information that might be personally
embarrassing, and the bishop is unsuccessful in demoralizing the journalist.

The Patriot
Ô‡cÖwUªqUÕGKwUPgKcÖ` bvUKxqKweZv| KweGLv‡b †`k‡cÖwgK I
RvZxqexi‡`icÖwZmvaviYRbM‡Yig‡bicwieZ©bkxjZvPgrKvifv‡edzwU‡qZz‡j‡Qb| mvaviYRbMY †hgb †`k‡cÖwgK‡`i‡Km‡e©v”PwkL‡i
¯’vbw`‡Zcv‡i, †ZgwbgvwU‡ZIwgwk‡qw`‡Zcv‡i|
KweGKRb †`k‡cÖwg‡Kifv‡l¨ KweZvwUeY©bvK‡i‡Qb| GK eQi c~‡e© iw½b dzjw`‡qZuviAvMgb‡KeiYKivn‡qwQj|
ZLbwMR©viP‚ov¸‡jv‡ZcZvKvUvbv‡bvwQjGesZuv‡K GK bRi †`Lvi Rb¨ gvbylevwoi Qv‡` ch©šÍD‡VwQj| eskxevwR‡qZuviAvMgb
†NvwlZn‡qwQj| gvby‡ligv‡S Kx †h Db¥v`bv! ZLbRbMYZuvi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bvwKQzKi‡ZcÖ¯‘Z wQj| wKš‘ GLb me wKQzcwieZ©bn‡q ‡M‡Q|
ZuviÔAK‡g©iÕR‡b¨ Zuv‡K †cQ‡bnvZ †eu‡aduvwmig‡Â †bIqvn‡”Q| †KD Zuv‡KGLbAvi ¯^vMZRvbvqwbeiscv_iQz‡u oZv‡K i³v³ Kivn‡qwQj| Kx
`~f©vM¨evb †m, †h ZuvimvivwURxeb †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ e¨qK‡i‡Qb|
GB `yt‡Ligv‡SI †`k‡cÖwgKZuviAvkvev` e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| g„Zz¨BmewKQzi †kl bq| †m AvkvK‡i †h, †h‡nZzev¯Íec„w_ex‡Z K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ †m
‡Kv‡bvcyi®‹vi cvqwb, †m‡nZzCk¦iZuv‡KciKv‡jAek¨Bcyi®‹…Z Ki‡eb|

A Grammarian’s Funeral
KweievU© eªvDwbsZuvi ÒA Grammarian’s FuneralÓKweZvqGKRbgnvbcwÛ‡Zike‡`n enbK‡iwb‡qhvIqvGeskeevnK‡`i GB
cwÛZR‡bicÖwZkÖ×vwb‡e`‡bi w`KwUZz‡ja‡i‡Qb| keevnK `j GB cwÛZ e¨w³i ke‡`n enbK‡iwb‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z GB gnvbmyaxR‡bibvbv
¸YvejxGes e¨w³Rxe‡b ZuviAvPviAvPiY, ZuviÁvbmvabv I Ávb Z…òvmeBeY©bvKi‡Q| GLv‡b GB
gnvbcwÛZRb‡Kgvb‡eiwe‡eKwn‡m‡eZz‡jaivn‡q‡Q| whwbRvMwZK me Kvgbvevmbvn‡ZwQ‡jbcy‡ivcywi gy³| RMrmsmv‡iinvbvnvwb, msNvZ,
m¤ú` wjávwKQzB ¯úk© K‡iwbZuv‡K, wZwbme©`vwbijmÁv‡biPP©vK‡i ‡M‡Qb| Rxebhvc‡bi A_© wZwbDcjwäK‡iwQ‡jbMfxifv‡e|
nxbZigvby‡livAvRxebKvUvq †jvfjvjmvigv‡S, Áv‡bi `yqviiæ× _v‡KZv‡`i Rb¨ wKš‘ GB cwÛZme©`vLy‡j †i‡L‡QbZuviÁv‡bi `iRv|
g„Zz¨ic~e© gyn‡~ Z©I wZwb †_‡K‡QbÁvbv‡š^l‡Y e¨¯Í| †gvUK_vKweGLv‡bGKRbÁvbxcwÛZR‡biRxebhvÎv I wPšÍv †PZbvkeevnK `‡ji gyL †_‡K
cwiùzUK‡i‡Qb|

Elizabeth Barret Browning

She was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.
"How Do I Love Thee?" (Sonnet 43, 1845) and Aurora Leigh (1856).
Poem: How Do I Love Thee:
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. (KZUvfvjevwm †Zvgvq? Ki‡Z `vIZviwnmveAvgvq)
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of being and ideal grace.
I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for right.
I love thee purely, as they turn from praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.

Mathew Arnold (1812-1889)

Mathew Arnold wQ‡jbVictorian hy‡MiAb¨ZgGKRb †kªôPoet (Kwe) Critic(mgv‡jvPK)| GQvovIwZwbOxford University ‡Z
5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ A Professor of Poetry wn‡m‡e wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb hv cieZ©x‡ZAv‡iv5 eQie„w× Kiv nq |
Titles (Dcvwa):
 Poet of Elegy (‡kv‡KiKwe)
 Melancholic Poet (`ytLev`xKwe-evsjvmvwn‡Z¨: hZx›`ªbv_ †mb¸ß)
ZviKweZv¸‡jvn‡jv- 1.The Scholar Gipsy 2.Dover Beach
ZvimvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvg~jKweL¨vZMÖš’
1.The Study of Poetry (mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbv):eB‡qiK‡qKwUweL¨vZjvBbn‡jv-
(a) Poetry is at bottom a criticism of life.
(b) Even science will appear incomplete without poetry.
2.The Scholar Gipsy
3.Dover Beach (†WvfvicÖYvjx)
4.Thyrsis(w_iwmm)
‡kvKKweZv (Elegy):
ZvifvBKvbv‡K©ig„Zz¨‡Z wjwLZElegy` `Heine`s Grave’’
Charlotte BronteGi g„Zz¨‡Z iwPZZviElegy n‡jv“Howarth`s Churchyard”
ZvieÜy(The poet Arthur Hugh Clough)K¬v‡dig„Zz¨‡Z iwPZZviElegy n‡jvÔÔ Thyrsis’’
Zvievevig„Zz¨‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jbÔÔ Rugby Chapel ’’
Mathew’s Major Poems:
01. The Forsaken Merman
02. The Scholar Gipsy
03. Dover Beach
04. Rugby Chapel Thyrsis
05. His literary criticism: The Study of Poetry
06. Sohrab and Rustum
Famous Quotations:
01.“Life is not a having and a getting, but a being and a becoming.”
02.“Poetry is the criticism of life”
03.Truth sists upon the lips of dying men.

Lord Alfred Tennyson

Wordsworth Gi g„Zz¨i ci 1850 mv‡jwZwbEngland Gi Poet laureate wbe©vwPZnb| wZwbCambridge University ‡Z
covïbvK‡ib|wZwbWilliam Shakespeare ‡K Dazzling SunDcvwa w`‡q‡Qb|
Titles (Dcvwa):
Lyric representative / Lyric poet of the Victorian age.
Poet Laureate gv‡bmfvKwe/ Court poet of England
Elegy(Poetry-‡kvKMxwZ ):
In Memoriam :GwUKweieÜzArthur Henny Hallam Gi g„Zz¨ wb‡q †jLv|
Zvi †ev‡bi mv‡_ Hallam Gi wbweom¤úK© wQj|
Comedies:
1.The Falcon
2.Queen Marry (Queen Mab n‡jvShelly iGKwUweL¨vZKweZv )
3. Harold

Play (bvUK ): Queen Marry

Poems :
01. Oenone
02. Ulysses (BDwjwmm, wMÖKexi) (GB bv‡g James Joyce Gi weL¨vZ Novel Av‡Q):K‡g©B gyw³
03. Lotus Eaters (cÙ †Lu‡Kv ) : Rxe‡bwekÖv‡gicÖ‡vRbxqZvZz‡ja‡i‡Qb|
04. Morte D’ Arthur’’†cŠivwbKivRvMorte †K wb‡q †jLv|KweZvqGKwU †cŠivwbKZievwin‡jv- Excalibur.
05. The Lady of Shalott (The Lady of the Lake bv‡gweL¨vZKweZvwUwj‡L‡QbwbDK¬vwmK¨vjwcwiI‡WiJcb¨vwmKSir Walter Scott)
06. Locksley Hall (bvwqKv :Gwg )
07. Tithonus ( wU‡_vbvmg‡Z©igvbyl; wKš‘ we‡qK‡iwQ‡jbElv ‡`ex Aurora ‡K)|
08. The Lovers Tale
Famous Quotations:
01. Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers. (Lockley hall)(ÁvbAv‡m, wKš‘ cÖÁv †`wi‡Zhvq|)
02. Sorrows are the best educator.(`ytLme‡P‡qDËgwkÿK)
03. Death is the end of life, Ah! Why should life all labour be. (Lotus Eaters)
(g„Zz¨ Rxe‡bi †kl, Avnv! †KbRxe‡bi me kÖgn‡Zn‡e|)
04. I will never rest from travels.I will drink life to the less. (Ulysses)
(AvwgKLbBhvÎv ‡_‡K AemiMªnYKiebv, AvwgRxebUv Kg Dc‡fvMKie|)
05. The old order change , yielding place to new. (Morte D’ Arthur)
G‡m‡QbZzbwkï, Zv‡K †Q‡ow`‡Zn‡e ¯’v‡b|)
06. A man can see farther through after than a telescope.
(GK Rb †jvKGKwU †Uwjv¯‹v‡cic‡iAviI †`L‡Z cv‡ib|)
07. The happiness of a man in this life does not consist in the absence but in mastery of his passions.
(myLe¨wZZ GK Rb gvby‡liRxebMwVZ nq bv, ZvicQ‡›`icÖf‚Z¡ Qvov|)
 08. More things are wrought out by prayers. (Morte D’ Arthur)(AwaKwRwbmcÖvÖ _©bvØvivewnZ nq|)
09. It is better to have loved at all. Than never to have loved at all. (In Memoriam)
qhvIqvmevicÖwZmemgqfvjevmvi †P‡qfvj|)
(fvjevmvGesnvwi‡qhvIqvmevicÖ
10.To
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. (Ulysses)

Memorising:
Ulysses (Poem) Lord Alfred Tennyson
Ulysses (Nobel) James Joyce [40th BCS]
Queen Marry (Comedy) Lord Alfred Tennyson
Queen Mab (Poem) P.B. Shelley
The Lady of Shalott (Poem) Lord Alfred Tennyson
The Lady of The Lack (Poem) Sir Walter Scott
Morte D’ Arthur (Poem) Lord Alfred Tennyson
Morte D’ Arthur (Prose) Sir Thomas Malory

Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

(1812
Pvj©mwW‡Kbm, wf‡±vwiqvbwcwiq‡WimePvB‡ZcÖZcÖwZfvevbGesRbwcÖqJcb¨vwmK| ZviiPbv¸‡jv
ZviiPbv¸
e¨vcKRbwcÖqZvcvq|TheThe greatest novelist in the Victorian Period
( ivbxwf‡±vwiqvihy‡M †kÖôJcb¨vwmK ) cÖ_gMÖš’ : Sketches By Boz

Famous novels:
01.David Copperfield (Avb¥Rxebxg~ qDVvGesmreveiwbg©gwbh©vZ
Avb¥Rxebxg~jKDcb¨vm; GwZgwkï †WwfWKcviwd‡ìieon‡qDVvGesmreveiwbg© Z‡biKvwnbx
02. Oliver Twist ( GKwUevj‡Ki
Ki `ywe©lnRxebKvwnbx)
03. Great Expectations ( ‡K›`ªxqPwiÎ Ñ Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham; wccbv‡g GK Bs‡iRevj‡Kieon Kieon‡qIVviMí)
04. A Tale of Two Cities (`yBkni:jÛb
jÛb I c¨vwim; divwmwecø‡ei †cÖwÿ‡Z †jLv; wKš‘ A Tale of a Tub wj‡L‡QbJonathon
Jonathon Swift )
05. A Christmas Carol
06. The Bleak House
07. The Pickwick Papers
08. Hard Times ( ZrKvjwbBsj¨v‡ÛimvgvwRK
ÛimvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK Aw¯’iZviweeiY )
09. The Battle of Life ( Z‡eThe
The Battle of the Books wj‡L‡Qb †Rvbv_bmyBdU )
Famous quote:
Charity begins at home and justice begins next door. (e`vb¨Zv
( Ni †_‡K ïiænq )
Oliver Twist:
G Av‡Q GK AÁvZKzjkxj `yf©vMvevj‡KiK_v|KiK_v| Abv_ AvkÖ‡giAgvbyweKAZ¨vPvimn¨ Ki‡Zbv †c‡i, †Q‡jwUcvjvjjÛ
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bi `vwi`ª I Abv_ we`¨v we`¨vj‡qwkÿvibv‡gjvÃbv I
AZ¨vPv‡iiwPÎDcb¨vmwU‡ZDcw¯’Z|
David’ Copperfield
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 Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
01.Thomas Hardy wQ‡jbVictorian hy‡MiAb¨ZgGKRb ‡kÖô/weL¨vZDcb¨vwmK, Kwe I †QvUMíKvi|
02.wZwb Bsj¨v‡ÛicjøxA‡jevmKi‡b|
03.Zuv‡K ejv nq Pessimistic Novelist (nZvkvev`xDcb¨vwmK)|
04.Zwb G hy‡MNovelGesModern Period G poems and short stories wj‡L‡Qb|
05.wZwb Swinburn, Browning I Darwin G‡`i †jLvØvivcÖfvweZn‡qwQ‡jb|
06.GQvovI wZwbDarwin’s Theory of Evolution (weeZ©bev`) ØvivcÖfvweZn‡qwQ‡jb|
07.Zvi †jLvDcb¨v‡mig‡a¨ Tess of the D’UrbervillesAb¨Zg|
08.GQvovI ZviweL¨vZGKwU †QvUKweZvn‡jv- “In time of the Breaking of Nations”.
09.Thomas hardy was an English novelist and poet.

His major works:

1. The Poor Man and the lady. [1867]
2. Desperate Remedies (1872)
3. Under the Greenwood Tree [1872]
4. Far From the Madding Crowd [1874][dvi d«g `¨v †gwWs µvDW]
5. The Return of the Native (1878]
6. The Mayor of Caster bridge (1886)
7. Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)[‡Um Ae `¨v wWÕAvievievBjm]Dcb¨v‡micÖavbPwiθ‡jvn‡jv- Tess, Alec, Sorrow]

Edward Fitzgerald
He Translated Rubaiyat of omarKhayam into English (dvwm© fvlviKweIgi ˆLqv‡gi †ivevBqvZ)

William Makepeace Thekary

Famous Novels:
01.Vanity Fair( Theme; Man`s sinful attachements to wordly things)
02. The Virginians ( A tale of the last Centuary)
03. Catherine (A story- First Novel)
04. The Newcomes
05. The Rose and the Ring (1855)
06.The Virginians

Leo Tolstoy
Famous Novels:
01.War and Peace
02.Anna Karenia
03.Childhood
04.Resurrection
05. The kingdom of God is within you