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Acids or Bases WS

Year 10

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21 views2 pages

Acids or Bases WS

Year 10

Uploaded by

jb133290
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LASSIFYING COMPOUNDS ACIDS OR BASE Acids * react with many substances, including metals, bases and other materials * are corrosive (ie. they will ‘eat away’ other substances, including living tissues) * taste sour * contain hydrogen (H is usually the first element in an acid’s formula) * examples: hydrochloric acid (HCI), sulfuric acid (H,SO,), nitric acid (HNO,), acetic acid (CH,COOH) Bases * react with acids to form salts (these reactions are called neutralisation reactions as acids and bases neutralise each other, forming chemically neutral salts) = react with oils and grease to form soap (they ‘feel’ soapy because of soap formed by reaction with oils on the skin) = like acids, they will ‘burn’ living tissue (but are described as ‘caustic’ rather than corrosive) = taste bitter * examples include: - metal hydroxides or alkalis (an important group of bases because they are soluble) e.g. sodium hydroxide, NaOH - metal oxides , e.g. calcium oxide or lime, CaO - metal carbonates, e.g. sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO, - ammonia, NH, The pH scale * goes from 0- 14 * is used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is * neutral substances are pH 7 (e.g. water) * acidic substances have a pH less than 7 (the stronger the acid, the lower the pH) * basic substances have a pH greater than 7 (the stronger the base, the higher the pH) Indicators = are chemicals that can be used to indicate pH, as they are different colours in acidic and basic solutions * litmus is red in acidic and blue in alkaline solutions; in neutral solutions red litmus stays red and blue litmus stays blue * universal indicator can be used over the entire pH scale: it will be deep red in strong acid, orange in weak acid, yellow/green in neutral solution, blue in weak base, deep violet in strong base * phenoiphthalein is colourless in acidic solutions but tums deep pink in alkaline solutions * plants sometimes contain indicators (e.g. an indicator in hydrangea flowers makes them blue in acidic and pink in alkaline soil — changing the soil’s pH will change the colour of the flowers ) Stage $ Sol 59 CLASSIFYING COMPOUND ACIDS OR BASES? - continued Exercises 1) Use words from the wordlist to make a series of true statements below. Wordlist: salts, alkalis, reactive, colour, corrosive, bases, acidic, caustic, bitter, red, acids, 7, burn, sour, basic, neutralise, pH, blue Both acids and bases are highly compounds that will your skin. Acids are described as bases are described as Acids taste bases taste usually have hydrogen as the first element in their formula Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates are all Soluble bases are called When acids and bases react together, they each other and form The scale is used to measure a solution's acidity or basicity. A low pH indicates an solution; a high pH indicates a solution; a neutral solution has a pH of Indicators show whether substances are acids or bases by changing Litmus is an indicator that is in acids and in bases 2) Identify whether the following compounds are acids or bases: a ——-H,SO, g. KOH b. NaOH h. HNO, c HCl i HF 4d Cao i CaCO, e NaHCO, ij H,CO, f NH, I NH,OH 3) Complete the table: —_ reer San ay aU Colour in litmus Cream act} I Ter ol or base?) } oA Deep red 8 Orange c Yellow / green D Blue E Violet 60 Stage 5 Science

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