A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics Grade 10

Subject: Pre-Calculus Date Submitted: April 1, 2024

Teacher: Vennice Mae R. Orlino Learning Area: Mathematics
Time and Date: April 2, 2024 Quarter: 4th Quarter
( 7:30 – 9:30 AM )

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:
i. derived formulas of double, half angle identities from the sum and
difference identity formula such as sine, cosine, and tangent; and
ii. applied double, half angle identities to solve trigonometric equations.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a. Topic: Double, Half – Angle Identities
b. References:
 Cueno, A. Acob, M. A , Cortez, M. J (2020).Pre-n Calculus for Senior High
School. K to 12 Curriculum Book.
 The Organic Chemistry tutor (2018).Double, Half- Angle Identities.
Patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
 Learn With Mayora (2022). Double Angle Identities.
https://youtu.be/9YIHi5N8TPE?si=MKOcZ-BHdEpKbJQB
c. Materials needed: Laptop, Chalk/Marker, and Board
d. Strategies: Inquiry Based Learning and Cooperative Learning
e. Values Integration: Cooperation

III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary Activities
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Good Morning Class! Good morning, ma’am Vennice!

May I request everyone to please stand.

And for those who are Catholics you may
sign of the cross.

In the name of the father, the son and the

holy spirit. Dear Lord, Thank you for this (Students are standing)
day. Thank you for the gift of life and the
blessings that you have showered upon us.
May you give us knowledge and wisdom.
Guide us for today’s lesson and may our
discussions foster a spirit of learning. Amen.
Amen

Before you take your seat kindly arrange

your chairs and pick some pieces of
papers under your chair.

Please be seated.

Class monitor, may I know who is not yet There are still 5 of them ma’am.
here and how many are them?

Okay, thank you class monitor.

So once again, I am Vennice Mae R.

 Orlino and let me share to you a little
background of myself and our classroom
rules and policies.

Alright, Did everyone understand?

Yes, ma’am

B. Motivation
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Before we begin with our discussion, let
us have a game. Let us do the “SOH-
CAH-TOA Beat.” This is how it goes,
when I say SOH-CAH you say TOA. “
SOH-CAH” “TOA” and when I say CHO-
SHA you say “CAO”. “CHO-SHA”
“CAO”.
Yes ma’am!
Do you get it?

Alright. So let me group you into 2. So

the right side would be Group 1. And the
left side would be Group 2. And the group
that cannot respond quickly will have to Yes ma’am!
answer my questions. Understood?

Okay let us now begin. When I say “SOH- Group 1: TOA!

CAH you say?

“CHO-SHA?” Group 2: CAO!

“SOH-CAH?” Group 1: TOA!

When I say CAO? You say? Group 2: CAO!

Alright! The group 2 got wrong. And now

pick one representative to answer my Group 2 have picked one of their
question. classmate.

opposite
SOH stands for sin =
hypotenuse
What does SOH-CAH- TOA stands for? adjacent
CAH stands for cos =
hypotenuse
opposite
TOA stands for tan=
adjacent
Alright! That is correct.

How about CHO-SHA-CAO? hypotenuse

Anyone from the class? Yes you Ms. CHO stands for cos = opposite
Daniela hypotenuse
SHA stands for sin =
adjacent
adjacent
Yes, that’s right. CAO stands for tan =
opposite
Thank you everyone for your cooperation
and now I want you to remember this.
Because later on we will use this in order
to solve the given problem. Do you Yes, ma’am!
 understand?

C. Unlocking Difficulties
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Last meeting, you discussed the sum and Yes, ma’am.
difference, right?

Who can recall the formulas of sine, Someone is raising his hand.
cosine and tangent in the sum and
difference identities? Kindly right it on
the board.
Prince his answer on the board.
Yes, Prince. sin ( θ ± β ) = sin θ cos β ± cos θ sin β
cos ( θ ± β ) = cos θ cos β ± sin θ sin β
tan θ ± tan β
tan (θ ± β ) =
1± tanθ . tan β
Yes, ma’am.
Is the answer of Prince, correct?

Do you still remember how to solve given Still confused ma’am.

problems using the sum and difference
identity formula?

Okay let us have an example for you to

remember. Find the value of cos 105 ° .
How do we find the value of cos 105° ?

So first, you have to find an angle whose

sum or difference is equal to 105.And take
note, when finding an angle of the
identities it should only be found in the
unit circle so that it would be easier for
you to get the corresponding value of that
angle.

Now, who can give me the angles that 60 and 45 ma’am.

when we add or subtract the angles it
should be equal to 105° ?

Yes, that’s correct.

Next is to use the formula of the cosine.

Since we are looking for cos 105° .
cos (θ ± β ) = cos θ cos β ± sin θ sin β ,
What is formula of cosine in sum and ma’am
difference identity?

Very good!

Then, we will substitute the numbers with

the formula.

cos (θ ± β ) = cos θ cos β ± sin θ sin β

= cos 60°cos 45° - sin 60° sin
45°

After this, we will find the value of the cos 60° = 1 / 2

cos 60°, cos 45°, sin 60°, sin 45° which cos 45° = √2 / 2
 can be easily found in the unit circle. sin 60° = √3 / 2
sin 45° = √2 / 2
So, what are their values?

Okay very good. Then, we will now

calculate them.

= cos 60°cos 45° - sin 60° sin 45°

= 1 / 2 ( √2 / 2 ) - ( √3 / 2) ( √2 / 2)
=
√2−√ 6
4
Yes, ma’am
So, cos 105° =
√2−√ 6
4
Did you understand? Did everyone
follow?

In connection with that, let me introduce

to you our new lesson this morning.

So today our new lesson is The Double,

Half- Angle Identities. In which at the end
of the lesson the students must have;

1. derived formulas of double, half

angle identities from the sum and
difference identity formula for
trigonometric functions such as
sine, cosine, and tangent; and
2. applied double, half angle
identities to solve trigonometric
equations.
D. Lesson Development
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity

Double angle identities are trigonometric

formulas that express the trigonometric
functions of twice an angle in terms of the
functions of the original angle.

Now, we will derive the formula of double

angle identity using the sun and difference
identity formula.

Let us have the cosine function first, so the

formula of the cosine in sum and
difference is,

cos (θ + β ) = cos θ cos β - sin θ sin β

So how do we get the formula?

First, we will let β = θ

cos (θ + β ) = cos θ cos β - sin θ sin β

cos (θ + θ ) = cos θ cos θ - sin θ sin θ

As you can see, they are now the same

variable we can now get the formula of
cosine by combining like terms. So, we
multiply the same terms it would result Yes, ma’am
into squared right?

Just like x . x=x 2. So,

cos θ . cos θ=cos2 θ
sin θ . sin θ=sin2 θ

This is now the formula of double angle

identities in cosine.
cos (2 θ) = cos 2 θ - sin2 θ

Next, is the sine function. So again, what is

the formula of the sine in the sum and
difference identity, it is,
sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

Again, we need to make them same

variable in order for us to derive the
formula. So, we let A and B = θ

sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

sin (θ + θ ) = sin θ cos θ + cos θ sin θ

what about this one, sine and cosine are not

the same but they’re variable are the same.

In this case, we will let it remain, but we

have addition sign there. Can we add
them? Maybe ma’am

For example, let us say that sin A is x and

cos A is y.

= sin A cos B + cos A sin B

=x.y+y.x
Since we are in multiplication, we can
interchange yx into xy.

It could be xy + xy = 2xy . So, in short..

sin (θ + θ ) = sin θ cos θ + cos θ sin θ

sin (2 θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ

This is now the formula of double angle

identities in sine.

sin (2 θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ

Lastly, is the tangent. So again, we will let

A and B = θ

¿( tan A+ tan B)
tan ( A + B )
(1−tan A . tan B)

¿( tan θ+ tan θ)
tan (θ + θ )
(1−tan θ . tan θ)

As what we did earlier. We will then add

like terms to have the formula of tangent.
So, the formula now for the tangent is,

2 tanθ
tan (2 θ) = 2 Yes, ma’am.
(1−tan θ)

Did everyone understand how we came up

with the formula?

And now that we have all the formulas that

we’ve been looking for.

Let us apply for the Double Angle Identity.

Example 1:
Use a double angle identity to find the
exact value of sin θ=30° , cosθ 30 ° ,∧¿
π
tanθ=30 ° ; 0<θ< .
2
Know that we are in double angle identities
from the word double. We will multiply
our angle by 2.
θ=30
2 ( θ=30 ° ) 2
2 θ=60 °

Find sin 2 θ , cos 2θ∧tan 2θ

sin 2 θ
sin ( 60 ° )=2 sin θ cos θ
sin ( 60 ° )=2 sin(30 ° )cos(30 ° ¿)¿
sin ( 60 ° )=2 sin(30 ° )cos(30 ° ¿)¿
sin ( 60 ° )=2 ( )( )
1 √3
2 2
sin ( 60 ° )= √
3
2

cos 2 θ
2 2
cos (60 ° ) =cos (30 ° )−sin (30 ° )

( ) ()
2
cos (60 ° ) =
√ 3
−
1 2
2 2
3 1
cos (60 ° ) = −
4 4
2 1
cos (60 ° ) = ∨
4 2

tan2 θ
2 tan θ
tan (60 ° ) = 2
1−tan θ
2 tan(30 ° )
tan (60 ° ) =
1−tan2 (30 ° )

tan (60 ° ) =
2
(
sin(30 °)
cos(30 ° ) )
( )
2
sin(30° )
1−
cos (30 °)
 ()
1
2
2
√3
2
tan (60 ° ) =

()
2
1
2 Yes, ma’am.
1−
√3
2

tan (60 ° ) =
2( 3 )
√3

1−( √ )
2
3
3 opposite
SOH stands for sin =
hypotenuse
2( √ )
3 adjacent
3 CAH stands for cos =
tan (60 ° ) = hypotenuse
1−( √ )
2
3 opposite
TOA stands for tan=
3 adjacent
2 √3
3
tan (60 ° ) =
2
3
tan (60 ° ) = √
2 3
2
tan (60 ° ) =√ 3

Did everyone follow?

Pythagorean Theorem ma’am.
How about if the problem does not have an
angle? So, this is how you solve the
problem.

3 π
Example 2. sin A = ,0<θ<
5 2

So again, what does our SOH-CAH-TOA

stands for?

3
In our example, we have sin A = where
5
3 is our opposite, and 5 is our hypotenuse.
If we are to draw this, then this is what it
looks like,

Yes, that’s correct!

Pythagorean Theorem Formula is

2 2 2
c =a + b
Where c is the longest side or our
hypotenuse.
Let us now substitute,
2 2 2
c =a + b
2 2 2
5 =3 + b
2
25−9=b
2
√ 16=√ b
b=4
So now our;
3 3
Sin A = Tan A =
5 4

4
Cos A =
5
By having the trigonometric ratios, we can
now solve our double angle identity.

1. Sin 2θ =
Formula: sin (2 θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ
3 4
= 2( )( )
5 5
24
sin (2 θ) =
25
2. Cos 2θ
Formula: cos (2 θ) = cos 2 θ - sin2 θ
=¿ Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am. I remember na po.
16 9
= −
25 25
7
cos (2 θ) =
25
3. Tan 2 θ =
2 tanθ
Formula: tan (2 θ) = 2
(1−tan θ)

=
2
3
4 ()
²

()
2
3
1−
4 Still confused ma’am!

=
( 4)
3
2 ²

1−( )
2
3
4

6 3
4 2
= −
9 4
1+ 16−
16 16

3
2
= then reciprocate,
7
16

3 16 24
x =
2 7 7
What have you notice? It’s lengthy right?
But there is a shortcut, did you know that
sin
tangent is equal to ?
cos
The students are solving in their
Now you remember, therefore we can say notebook.
sin 2θ
that tan 2 θ = −119
cos 2 θ It’s cos 2θ =
169
24 Yes, ma’am.
25 24 25 24
So , tan 2 θ = = × = sin 2θ
7 25 7 7 tan 2 θ =
25 cos 2 θ
−120
24 169
tan 2 θ= =
7 −119
Did everyone understand? 169

5 3π 120
Example 2: cos θ = , <θ<2 π tan 2 θ =
13 2 119
Yes, ma’am!
2 2 2
c =a + b
2 2 2
13 =5 + b
2
169−25=b
2
√ 144=√ b
b=12 since its condition is in Q4 therefore
it becomes negative (-12)

−12
SOH =
13
5
CAH =
13
−12
TOA =
13
We can now solve the double angle
identity.

Sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

=2 ( )( )
−12 5
13 13

−120
Sin 2θ =
169
And for cos 2θ and tan 2 θ. Solve it in your
notebook.
After 5 minutes
What is the value of our cos 2θ ?
Did everyone get the same answer with
lance?

How about our tan 2 θ?

Who can solve it on the board?
Yes, Ivan. Kindly write your answer on the
board.
Did everyone understand the double angle
identity?

Alright, since I have noticed that your

faces are a little bit tired. Let us have a Yes, ma’am.
water break for 5 minutes.
Prince is raising his hand.

Its 30 ° ma’am.
Now let’s move on to the last identity.

The last identity is the Half- Angle Identity.

Half-angle identities express trigonometric

functions of half of an angle in terms of the
original angle.

Just like what we did in order to find the

formula of double angle identity, we need
to use the formula of double angle identity.
Yes, ma’am.
From the double angle identities we
derived the following Half- Angle identity:

θ
sin( ¿ )=±
2 2√
1−cos θ
¿
Yes, ma’am.
θ
cos ( ¿ )=±
2 √
1+ cos θ
2
¿

θ
tan( ¿ )=±
2 √
1−cos θ or
1+cos θ
¿

tan ( θ2 )= 1−cos
sin θ
θ
√3
2
ma’am.
tan ( )=
θ sin θ
or
2 1+cos θ

To give you an idea on how we apply the

formula, let us have an example.

Solve the following using half-angle

identity.

1. cos (15 ° )

To solve for this, you need to find an angle

that when we divide it by two it would
equal into 15. And again, when finding an
angle it has to be found in the unit circle.
Do you understand?

Anyone who can give me the angle that

will result into 15?

Yes, Prince. What is the angle?

Yes, that’s right.
Yes, ma’am. More examples please.
But there is again a shortcut. To easily find
the angle. Is that you just do reciprocal.

In the formula, we can see to it that,

θ
cos ( ¿ )=±
2 √
1+ cos θ
2
¿

So, the given angle there is 15, right?

Now, this is the technique.
θ
Let 15= , then we multiply the 2 to 15.
2
So 15 ×2=θ
30=θ
That’s the fastest way upon finding an
angle. Did everyone follow?

Now let us solve by using the half-angle

identity formula.

cos (15 °¿)=±

√ 1+cos 30 °
2
¿

Next, what is the value of cos 30 ° ?

So, let us substitute the value.

cos (15 °¿)=±

√
1+cos 30 °
2
¿

√
√3
1+
2
cos (15 °¿)=± ¿
2

This part we will multiply both up and

down by 2. So, it will then be… Yes, ma’am.

cos (15 °¿)=±

√
2+√ 3
4
¿
Next, since 4 can be lowest term by
dividing it by 2, then…

cos (15 °¿)=±

√
2+√ 3 , then since
2
¿
cos 15 ° is located at Q1. Therefore, we
will use the positive sign. So, our final
answer is
cos (15 °¿)=+
√
2+ √ 3
2
¿

Did everyone follow? How about another

example?

Let have another example:

Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿ =
 θ
Let 22.5= , then we multiply the 2 to
2
22.5.
So,22.5 ×2=θ
45=θ

Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿=±

√ 1−cos 45 °
2

Next is to find the value of cos 45 °.

So, we have
√2 .
2
Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿=±
√
1−cos 45 °
2

√ 1−
√2
Sin ( 2
22.5 ° ¿=±
2

Then, we will multiply both up and

down by 2. So, it will then be…

It will then be…

√
Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿=± 2−√ 2 or in lowest term.
4

√
Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿=± 2−√ 2 , since cos 45 °
2
found in Q1 then we will use positive sign.
So, the final answer would be,

√
Sin ( 22.5 ° ¿=+ 2−√ 2
2

Did everyone understand our lesson?

Okay, I guess every one of you has

understood our lessons well.
E. Application
Teacher’s Activity Learners Activity
Now kindly get ½ crosswise. By pair. Do
this for 20 minutes

Answer the following problem. If you still

have confusions, then you can discuss with
your pair.

1. Using double angle identity find

sin 150 ° ,cos 150° ∧tan 150 ° . (15
points)

Solution:

θ=150
2 ( θ=15 ° ) 2
2 θ=300 °

sin 2 θ Yes, ma’am

sin ( 300 ° )=2 sin θ cos θ
sin ( 300 ° )=2 sin(150 °)cos (150 ° ¿)¿
sin ( 300 ° )=2 sin(150 °)cos (150 ° ¿)¿
 sin ( 300 ° )=2 ( 12 )( −2√3 )
−√ 3
sin ( 300 ° )=
2
cos 2 θ
2 2
cos (30 0 ° )=cos (150 °)−sin (15 0 °)

( ) ()
2
−√ 3 1 2
( )
cos 30 0 ° = −
2 2

3 1
cos (30 0 ° )= −
4 4
2 1
C os ( 30 0 ° )= ∨
4 2

sin 2θ
tan (2 θ) =
cos 2 θ
− √3
2
=
1
2
tan (2 θ) ¿−√ 3

2. Using half angle identity find the exact

value of tan1 50 ° (5 points)

Solution:
tan ( θ2 )= 1−cos
sin θ
θ

θ
1 50=
2

150×2=θ
300¿ θ

1−cos θ
tan(1 50¿)= ¿
sin θ

1−cos 300
¿
sin300

1
1−
2
=
− √3
2

=
( ) 1−
1
2
2

( −2√ 3 ) 2
2−1 √ 3
= .
−√ 3 √ 3
 −√ 6−√ 3
¿
3
tan (150 ) ¿ √
− 3
3

Alright, time is up! Kindly pass your papers

in front. In 5…..4….3…..2….1.

Are all papers in?

Kindly settle down everyone.

F. Generalization
Teacher’s Activity Learners Activity
In trigonometry, double and half-angle
identities provide useful relationships
between trigonometric functions of angles
and their multiples or halves. These
identities enable simplification and
transformation of trigonometric
expressions, aiding in solving equations,
evaluating integrals, and understanding
periodic phenomena across various fields
including mathematics, physics,
engineering, and more.

Always remember, in order to get the

formula for double angle identities, you
use the sum and difference identity
formula.

And for the half angle identity is, also you

use the formula of double angle identities
to get the formula for half angle identities.

Did you understand? Yes, ma’am!

I guess that would be all for today’s Goodbye and thank you ma’am Vennice!
lesson. Goodbye class!
G. Evaluation

Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Write it in 1 whole sheet of paper with
solution. ( 20 points)

1. Use Double Angle Identity. Find the value of sin 2 θ , cos 2θ when your θ=120.

Answer:
θ=120
2 ( θ=120 ) 2
2 θ=240

sin 2 θ
sin ( 240 ° )=2 sin θ cos θ
sin ( 240 ° )=2 sin(1 2 0 °)cos (12 0 °¿)¿
sin ( 240 ° )=2 sin(1 2 0 °)cos (12 0 °¿)¿

sin ( 240 ° )=2 ( √23 )( −12 )

−√ 6 −√ 3
sin ( 240 ° )= ∨
4 2
2. Use Half Angle Identity. Find the value of sin 2 θ , cos 2θ when your θ=120
Answer:
θ
1 20=
2
120
¿θ
2
60 ¿ θ

θ
sin( ¿ )=±
2 √
1−cos θ
2
¿

sin(120¿)=±
√ 1−cos 60
2
¿

=
±
√ 1− ( √23 )(2)
2(2)

¿±
√ 2− √ 3
4
−√ 3
since 120 is located at Quadrant 2∧the signis negative therefore .
2
¿ becomes positive because two negative sign would result into postive .

Sin ( 120 ) ¿
√3
2

Prepared by: Checked by:

VENNICE MAE R. ORLINO PSYCHE DONNA P.

SIMACON
Student Teacher Cooperating Teacher