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Transformations

The document discusses the four types of transformations in math: rotation, reflection, translation, and enlargement. It provides examples and explanations of how to perform each type of transformation on shapes given in coordinate grids, as well as how to describe each transformation fully.

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randhirsaha2000
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23 views19 pages

Transformations

The document discusses the four types of transformations in math: rotation, reflection, translation, and enlargement. It provides examples and explanations of how to perform each type of transformation on shapes given in coordinate grids, as well as how to describe each transformation fully.

Uploaded by

randhirsaha2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformations

What are transformations in maths?


● There are 4 transformations in GCSE Maths – rotation,
reflection, translation and enlargement
● All 4 change a shape in some way, useful in things like
computer graphics.
● There is some language and notation often used in this
topic – the original shape is called the object and the
transformed shape is called the image
● Vertices are labelled to show corresponding points
○ Vertices on the object are labelled A, B, C, etc.
○ Vertices on the image are labelled A’, B’, C’ etc.
○ If there is a second transformation then they will
become A”, B”, C” etc.
Translation
● A translation is the movement of a shape
● The size, shape and orientation (which way up it is) of the shape stays the
same

How do I translate a shape?


● The movement of a translation is described by a vector
● You need to know how to write a translation using a vector (rather than
words)
● Vectors are written as column vectors in the form where:
○ is the distance moved horizontally
■ Negative means move to the left
■ Positive means move to the right
○ is the distance moved vertically
■ Negative means move down
■ Positive means move up
Q: On the grid below translate shape P using
the vector . Label your translate shape
P'.
Q: Describe fully the single transformation that creates
shape B from shape A.
Reflection
❏ A reflection is a mirror image of the shape.
❏ The line of reflection is called the mirror line.
❏ The reflected image is the same shape and size as the original object but
it has been "flipped" across the mirror line to a new position and
orientation
❏ These distances between two corresponding points are always measured
perpendicular to the mirror line.
Q: On the grid below, reflect shape Y in the line y = 2x + 3. State the coordinates of all of the vertices of your reflected shape.
Q: Describe fully the single transformation that creates shape B from
shape A.
Rotation
What is a rotation?
● A rotation is the movement of an object around a point
● The rotated image is the same size and shape as the original image, but it will have a new position and
orientation.
How do I rotate a shape?
● You need to be able to perform a rotation (on a coordinate grid)
● The easiest way to draw a rotation is to use tracing paper, this should be available to you in an exam but you
may have to ask an invigilator for it
● STEP 1:
Place the tracing paper over page and draw over the original object
● STEP 2:
Place the point of your pencil on the centre of rotation
● STEP 3:
Rotate the tracing paper the angle that has been asked for in the question, it will usually be an "easy" angle
such as 90°, 180° or 270°
● STEP 4:
Your tracing paper is in the position showing you where to draw the rotated image, carefully draw the image
onto the coordinate grid
How do I describe a rotation?
● You will need to be able to identify and describe a rotation when presented with one
● You must fully describe a transformation to get full marks
● For a rotation you must:
○ State that the transformation is a rotation
○ State the centre of rotation (the point about which the object is rotated)
○ State the angle of rotation (how many degrees around the point that the object has been rotated)
○ State the direction of rotation (clockwise or anticlockwise, unless the angle is 180°, then a direction is
not required)
Q: On the grid below rotate shape A by 90°
anticlockwise about the point (0, 2).
Label your answer A'.
Q: Describe fully the single transformation
that creates shape B from shape A.
Enlargements

What is an enlargement?
● An enlargement is a transformation that changes the size of the shape
○ The scale factor tells you how many times bigger each edge of the enlarged image will be compared to
the corresponding edge on the original object
○ If the scale factor is greater than 1, the enlarged image will be bigger than the original object
○ If the scale factor is less than 1, the enlarged image will be smaller than the original object
● The position of a shape will also change with enlargement
● The orientation of the shape will be the same for a positive enlargement
How do I enlarge a shape?
● You need to be able to perform an enlargement (on a coordinate grid)
● STEP 1:Starting from the centre of enlargement, count the horizontal and vertical distances to
one vertex on the original object

● STEP 2:Multiply the distances by the given scale factor

● STEP 3:Starting again from the centre of enlargement, measure the new distances and mark the position on the
grid of the corresponding vertex on the enlarged image
○ The distances from the centre of enlargement to the enlarged image will be in the same direction for a
positive scale factor and the opposite direction for a negative scale factor

● STEP 4:Repeat STEPs 1 to 3 for the remaining vertices

● STEP 5:Connect the vertices on the enlarged image and label it


How do I describe an enlargement?
● You need to be able to identify and describe an enlargement when presented with one
● You must fully describe a transformation to get full marks
● For an enlargement, you must:
○ State that the transformation is an enlargement
○ State the scale factor
○ Give the coordinates of the centre of enlargement
Q: On the grid below enlarge shape C using
scale factor 2 and centre of enlargement (2,
1).

Label your translated shape C'.


Without working out any areas explain why
the area of C' is four times as large as the
area of C.
Q: Describe fully the single transformation that creates shape B
from shape A.

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