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Geography
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142 views23 pagesIGCSE Geography Case Studies Example Ans
Geography
Uploaded by
zaki544203Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 23
Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named area that is overpopulated, explain why it is overpopulated and the effects of
being overpopulation, discuss any solutions to the overpopulation.
Bangladesh
Located in tne south central Asia, Bangladesh is_g" most populated
9, _nising_popliation of Ga mition paapie. LA is
tise la
a in on de inst 2
ol eptive usage. Ne are nor
Educated dlbout family planning ‘and trie country lacks proper
medical vaccination centers. Furthermore, Bangladesh has no
m1 ilies. 4 to Nave more children
40 core for and Support tem when in old age.
‘The extreme over! ion Ainemplowment_leadin,
to low GDP for the country ond overcuttivation near the Ganges
~pollutiong Nearly 4 million people in parts of bangladesh have. no.
access 40/ jack OF Food.
To _pyercome this rising problem, Bangladesh has provided
Sea a ee eS
re ling. Final ay uy M
YV_ and ical i i Yeduct
c ects OF Overcuttivation aswell.
(7
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named area that is underpopulated, explain why it is underpopulated and the effects
of being under population, discuss any solutions to the under population.
—Austratiq_
lo inthe continent Oceania, Tis
i untry i world but is the 7" most
under ponte Ountry with @ population of 25.64 million.
extremely under po! with ulation
dens ity, oof 3.4 people per o The Yeasons for the under-
Poputt al us! vein in Natural resor
Australia has large reserves cs jatural gas ,oil, gold and even
uranium. However, ot many peoplelivein Australia due to
extre lot deserts, Ut |. of Bustralid is a desi
and i, i Se_deser: ind_is Severt ra
And thin.
The Underpopulation in Australia has led to_a shortage of
wor! a Co a Arised in Major cities a
Nn workers. lia is
exploit all iron
“Qed coal mes, inOreds. Such Os Peel # Pilbara, In addin tows,
ia Mas ke le payin Leto tear fenee
437 Of | uill_be due in jovern
might not have enrougn funds 1 provide for: retirement
lo ion. | i ser
- natalist Polici i she fertili ds relaxi
immigration laws {> pomere growth in foreian workers.
[7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named densely populated area or country you have studied, explain the factors
which have influenced its areas of high population density and the issues caused by this.
apan
Japan is A Country located in the region of north east
opulation of 126 mill . Ter mos:
densely populated Gea _in +e Japan without a doubt is Tokyo,
with a population density of 34% people per km?. Japan has
\imnit@a land for living as “only 118" of Japan's \and is Parming
~ Suitable. The land is tO _Mountainous to tive [build in. Most people
live in ne main islands of Hokkcaido,tonshu, Shikoku and kyyshu. People
fend o_etwHer Custer wintve tand is good for farming. 8 lio people in
Japan tive on limited Flat land near the ocean.
Due +o he high population density, Japan faces issues with
ighly congested. tion Methods, Privete car and
Paring Proplems becouse increased cor Ownership in. Japan has
__Promo major trafic jams an ki ObleyS-
Garage dnd its disposal_is a huge problem for! Japan, A garbage
dump island Opened in 1472 managed to fo fill up in just years. Not
_t¥ansport and pollution lout high population. density nas also
affected the way in Which homes ard resedential Greas are built:
Buildings are_\peing, Loui upwards im mnserve space put this is
not easy 10 be done_\nan earihndguare Zone. Another popular way
_of making land use was tp build underground. Cities like Shinjuku
have touilr underground Shoppinia centers. tp Conserve space.
[7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named sparsely populated area or country you have studied, explain the factors
which have influenced its areas of sparse population density and the issues caused by this.
Canada. !
Canada is in: 0 in n rt OF Nor:
—fmerica_and is seirrouinded buy te North Atlantic Ocean. Canoda has
is the hag Nation
of on 38.25 million people, PI acing, the population density, at
a vi Me mn canada is
-SO_sparsely_populated is due to Hie Yougin weather conditions, __
eve is permafrost inthe hiaher nortt MS suchas Nunavat which
Ice als reation AiPei jally in less develo)
areas like the Inner Provinces of canada. Most of the land is also ___
Unihiabitable by forest land ('21.0F land is forest andit’s the largest _
ai ae ee ore eT
wes: Anat 0 ymade. ok Artic
of these | inuge. €:
VAC caused © Sparsely populated areqs dre
Aese No} Ochi eople in high
ulation Areas have ATUALL aw job unav
Tris no ‘ible +o exploi urces IN tne Country and ae will
e le paving taxes. Moreover, facilities such as
hospitals_and Dia Aroicpots aye. snetnude afeadrenins
_enough people to Support and use them.
[7]
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Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named area or country with high natural population growth you have studied,
explain the factors which have influenced the growth of population and the effects of the
high natural population growth.
Ching
China is a country located in Sourneast Asia, Tris the 3° largest
County wid Tt \ + bili rankina i
i Ind. Chin a
OF 152. people per km
ina‘s ion idly during | and 146
resour in chit ve e S e
_topia gro wth. In 1949, The chinese government introduces the Ontg~
One-child Policy designed to limit population Growth. Couples in Ching
“fanfic my Le oge of 2. en 20
Tape i fel al fines.
Women who a more {han One -Child were forced to have. bonne
Qnd So ce Fully Sterilized.
The. potic Varinus Social and economic impacts Such Gs Men,
_in_chinc i which led to mi it ili
nck Q par: re \ ing population will
Financial UtUre i ical Care and
_pension.
a i na_ha:
avo: in uy t wurces. Ovi in
uth-east asia China has reduced re\ier ressure ON Servi
en & and,
[7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named country with low natural population growth you have studied, explain the
factors which have influenced the decline of population and the effects of the low natural
population growth,
‘pan, eae
Japan is _@ country located in the region called northeast asia.
fapan n wil le and. rr
rate of alo bi uch Glow birth vate is caused
due to_Wor Working, tn cus On ont.
P mother. Chil are also iNcreasing)y
expensi iid.car
-Japan’s_declining population will result ind Shortage of plorkers
in the Puture and lee educed economic grows and the closure
e and lead to conor
oF 9 exvi e e e
-lunich means Rwer ound penple 4 Support the elder, There_twill be _
increased straii hy ue fo el i s
w dex aif \do , ShikoK are
Seeing ition decli
To prevent the decline of Population, jOpan needs tm incentivize having
ani will i i ture. In 2017, the
wernneent Anne a {ion i \o ex)
ool Aows-it ilies.
rin Tol cov v1 ~Naried uses
attack jourist fo!
every Yeo,
7
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named country with a high dependent population you have studied, discuss the factors
that have caused the high dependent population and the effects of the high dependent
population.
—Japan,
Japan is an in wx a i Opuiqtion OF
126 million people it is the 10" targest in the world. The average.
fe ex! of in Japan is s old. Thexhigh lil
expeckancs Ne live longer due fo im: ea!
ements i hn \ifestule And Qo0a Sanitization.
Another rego Reason fpr _the high dependant population is tat
NUH, rot 41.25), *nis is due to later and fewer
Marriages, hiaher education and high costof Childrens has
ais Courar " fomilies. Japan also a ck of child core
WH eS ive. nd iS PAI
by government is also lou).
‘apans agein ulation Nas caused the govern: # increase
etirelment age O_o 6 re is a ae ae
Stat to ook_after_eldeniy enstons are
_been a é Ment ia equire,
[7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For an international migration you have studied, name the country and countries of origin of
its migrants and assess the extent to which the impacts of the immigration were positive.
Mexico +0 USA.
Mexico is a Co’ i ni ied. rth, there.
is @ 00 er Sepe exi A
losest jor center interms of distan m border.
The _push factors thot couse Mexicans to Migrate are that Mexico
or _medical facilities Low paid jobs, Poor education- adult _
Wweracy tates Ore 557, and the life expectancy is Only 42 years.
Neor\ -_of ail mexicans are loyed. ull factors
i Q i 4p are _well_medi cis,
g ec N
are. is fo Spend Millioy lars on bord
_there has been an Increase in Crime rates, Howewer, America willl
have improved curture and spanish will pe taught:
[7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named urban area you have studied, describe and explain the factors which have
influenced the sites and growth of settlements, describe the characteristics of the CBD of
that urban area.
New York, USA
ew VU! Iris the |
most influent” city in. athe USA. NYC. has <4 Population oF se
ane i a of 2600 per. eople
“decided fo de sale at NYCS Inaated becauie ft wacenokrally_
Sheltered ar ich ided ay rdge “and
extensive waterfront. NYC'S CBD is located in Midtouln and
Downtown Manhattan
Tne CB) wnsists of three subdisiricts: Midtown, Midtown
_South, and Downtown. The (BD is well connected to other Parts
of the cit adninstrative units. hirport Connections are made,
availdbie directly io and from tne New! york CBD» The CBD also
Provides 551. BF all the Jobs in N¥c.
The _vrban problems in the area are igsues such as Poverty
ond Unemployment, almost ‘million citizens recieve unempoyment
uw Ort aNd Poor education caused decline in
Clothing and arbour NdUsiyieS in the 1930s. Given HYCS
Population density itis No Suprise itis home Ae.
Amounts of Air Pollution from car exhausts and traffic
Conoestions due to multiple botHenecke Linking New york islands.
To over come these problems NYC has made reductions
in air pollution Fitting CatatyHC Converters 4 exhausts
of ci fouses and developi O bio di lant to distyil
the biodiese\ to more refuel gations in the country. NYC has
so made ePPorts tote ener WM phi Simply
Using efficient street lights, renewabl en€l gy sources to
Power Ona lic LIGiNgs-Lastly NYC has also Geviced
A waste management plan te dis pose: 401. of city's wastes
by using Haine” Gnd barges. 7
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named urban area you have studied, describe the traffic congestion problems and the
possible solutions made by the area.
London,
_ London is located in south-east England at the head of
river Thames. London isthe Capital city of nd_and
\ bout 8.8 milton people. London na:
Wereased Car OwnershiP, limited usage of public tvansport
and foods in London have been gesignelFor_ people and not
vile 4 ‘on within the ci
The traffic Congestion has had humerous eee fnvitonmental
and e ic Caucead incre es in Todd rage aS.
ee vehicles an. the Youd inoreased a\\ forms of pollution
ution from the car € xhaus+ has caused
ig ans and green se_Cfects within the city.
Further more, Building new voads is expensive but no ead
them causes workers fe arrivelate to work ip congestion ai
i a usage sf oi! el Coys this i inte resource,
To oe ne congestion problem tendon has Announced
i estion ch where ever
time. a yenicle drives through ret eee especially,
AUrING peaktimeshours, tredrivers will We Charged £41.50.
Ano: ion taken iw’ Whi £ borris bikes
_and_reintmauction of trams thar hove been extencied
Ander ground: London has. Aico thcreased Cor tor anc
(price SQ Cars. Finally, some
areas in London jike Hackney ANd Islington have introduced
Ultra_low @miss{ons vehicles ANd these areq: Vimittthe usage
of petrol cays.
7
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For an earthquake that you have studied, describe its effects on people and the
environment.
Mt-Merepi kobe, Japan
74 on the ricnter scale vitthe counmy an rr saul 1945.
we of +e ear ke WAS Alihost directly below
The plate boundaries that Caused the cortnqwake was the Nj me
Nojima fout where the phillipines plate Supducts under Eurasion _
uy iif Un WaSiON
in estucive plate Margi
- 7 ce injured on impact and
nshity ite their earth.
“despa § Some buldigs dete iy, ives then gas tin were
fractured. 316 000 people were \e&t Womeless. At tne sime it wos __
Winter Season where temperatures Aropped to -2%c and there was __
90 im ar
. s
Searching, fer “Survivors. obe's Cais ct Ne was. re tered by, qld
little _« i . To reduce impacts o
future eartnquares, Japan is stricker ewith their earthquake ___
Yesistance Constvuctions and more seismic arn collection Systems
dyiie been set Up. eH pinta oe Sy pst ed
(7)
"
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named volcano that you have studied, explain the advantages that it brings to
people who live near it.
Mount Merapi, Tndonesig_
tov Mt. Mergpi_is located inthe _major city Yogyakarta in central
a, Me. Mergpi_is_o. composite vo\cano_On java that’s very
i Th ed 1a u
NN whi contiy Ol. Also helped
Gyperge these Plates troetner. The tt Merapi erupted ON 25 october,
20140 with an_ingensit y of 4 on tne Volcano explosivity, ‘index. Several
‘more eruptions Occured until 20 november.
evap‘ losion killed 24% le and hot ash, Gas and.
woclagic fto1 we _jnjured 5tt people. Sulpher dioxide was
blown Across the island And villages were covered in Ash that Was
30 cm deep. villa. ere. by ash.
248 000 people needed tr fiee their nomes Gnd Most evacuation.
Centers were over Crowdina twnich Caused Poor sanitizAtion. Ash
Ain tne volcane will eventuatty tend to more. ferilelflls but vegetable
—frices incimst “peause of damaged crops ata 1300 vestaces
miand donesia su jomic loss
08 $600 milion £0 ing and turism Inthe area.
Eventnough Ee nasoces Ore _ferifying inthe Area people livernere
yeqardless. This is because Volcanic Os from regular eruptions —
\ eather S down tp wt hutrient ich soll: Indonesia hasa large.
0} but rt Supply. ME Merapi worshipped
Man Nea a we _lived the it
lo Not wish f leave thelr \
(7)
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named river that you have studied, explain the opportunities, hazards and management
needed for the river
—River_Ganges Bangladesh.
The river flows through India and bangladesh and it's mouthis
a e bay o: Ngal. Ri jas_ man ces, Some bei
r Trisul_and a Ver orioyn i
Qiacier in _uttarakhand-
The river poses many, oppurtunities Such as_tertile landsAnat_promate
the _ogricultwe of rice and jute mating Bangladesh the 2nd largest
Producer of Jute. Waters also provide Supply for lathihg Cleaning, cooking,
Gnd Crops. irrigation. The Fiver has Fish Supply enough for trade and
Por trad.
food -all provides jobs for people therefore reducing ynempoyment —
And boosting, the economy.
Not only, ver Also ha: i
“evr Myson, ue dea i erie
—And_human Waste in tre river is 100 times_more than India's:
Stat Sih
AIn \ a 40
to_Bangie
being a flood main. Baugiade: 2 Haare nas in climate ieee
ins in Ws ein ei" Capaci
O\ i ver, Rana ladest ing an LEDC, arena:
lack of moiey fo put flood defences in place -
When the flood ocurred, The capifal city Dhaka Was 2m
under wi and "2/3 of the la overedin water. 30
illion “Ee jo0ds and 1040 people died. Ho
g of diseases, Foor eS and
took a huge \ni 01 mn i i id wm
ana di. ution O} usar systems
were in re built. 7]
leeves along ine river tO ina chai
yestrict jor ion Shelters were alsy built and
mer Qey edi e Give Dar
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named area or areas of coastline you have studied, describe the hazards
experienced along the coast and the ways in which they are managed.
Jurassic coastiine, Lyme Regis.
ve roall_ town in. ors Iti
alone, he Jurdssic _Coactline which isa wot a heritage site
ana Hers popular Coast SS ee
has ogee a § tine COAST fine.
The Coast Alona Lume Regis is Prone to This is because
6 is Is A Mixture 0: 12, which is
jon but al \ ic is“ exosion.
AS made oF limes Clay) they, Ore
v landslides. 19d went re
isk AW > He nd slides. >manage. tess vises, the tocal
oie Se ae etait
an i I i M7 it
Scheme- S—5 ports | phases :____
(1940-1945)phase 1- Sea wall # Promenade created, #1:% billion used.
(0005 -207)phase 2— Beach replenished and rock armour is extended 3 repaired —
Phase S- Risks ourweioned benefits So+nis Plan was cay
Coois-2019 Phase _4= Sea wll repaired ¢ Extended t0 east lyme Regis and cost $20mi\ion
Cobedone Phase 5— Repair Warkway And Strengthen wall at tne Cobbs (Harbour)
“The plan has had its _sucesses_ana complications Sudn as the _
renewed beaches Continui ing attract turism. Tourisra i As important
jo the fowns economy, So Protectines Coastline is im portant in
ject 1S ANA eS. ee ee ee Coastal del
deter io rated “and needs enn Sooner than expected. This means
the Ohme has costed extra wt io
expected.
{7]
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, . i .
For a named area of tropical rainforest describe the characteristics of its ecosystem and
explain why it is undergoing deforestation, assess the impacts of the clearance on the
natural ecosystem.
Amazon Rainforest, Brazil.
ee es an
The Amazon Yainfbrest is located : in South America, Nearly,
1s 0: is in Brazil re in columpi
_Rolivia. Ttis the largest rainforest in He world: Tt was also
d_Heflungs of He earth* because it Supplies upto 201.
ox, i th The Amazon Roinforest
shone tp_lon0 gpuita.ct bivds Gnd 60000 species of plants.
Due {0 detovesigion, The Amazon yainfores} (77. 9f (ts forest.”
Te forest ig Subsistence. 4nd Commercial Purmina —shelanc —
here i$ Plot and eary4d farm , Hace.is high .emperakires
swell Ac anorrer “Corrmon Cause of deforestation is Logging,
-wleic lies custirydoum trees for sale _Qé simber of pulp.
Is Ir opulafion qvow Hy within
ieaan fresh and glon Awitin Fran sotlements. —M'
Settlement ¥ Po
The._deferepeation imPacs Breet by, Boal’ tose “ok Gouna excity,
Te defy (so. Cau yurnit +
“rteaes gemuie aes Hee tn. TAS dene COME ©
i i £ ia i) a dm warming
ma atural resources teat exploited Jo!
\\ He Ge facestatson causes oil @rosion, Tle Amazon forest eile are
nok ile and when Krestis Ueared. The
cover Soil _i He ral
[x]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named area of hot desert, describe the characteristics of its ecosystem and
explain how animals and plants adapt to the difficulties of living in their
environment.
Sahara Desert, Africa
The Sahara desert is the second largest desert, world's
hottest desert inthewerd. Lt is lo ated in North Africa.
‘The temperatures can be over 30°c_and during, summers, The
res reac}
Plants ive adapied to have Thick Fle; hy, leas fo_store water,
Mi im Out some have
_ Most plants
ie es educe eval orton Nn Wes Ui
Jefiective colours * reflect excessive ight. Some plants that _
av mt with, eature: the African peyote
Couus , PA\m t¥ees, the Oliver tree andmore.
“fnimals are adapted tehave good nignt vision, qhicke Sein
ver" are alte to dig well’ tp live below
PRectivell \ ie eS shen iS availddle.
iS CO! 1 in gnimals Such Os _Ostriche, camels
ec
le live in. wa _deser ve iN laces Wiki
wan ‘mel. nara {to transport
ood over it, and AOUCISM. Howse an face issues such
08. C&treme weather, Sand winds, NO shelter, Ack of food and water,
OS No transport.
Desertification affects the desert by Causing, increased dryness and
igner 4em The Sahel is a trOnsifi ein tH
ma people li edu fle Soils Gnd ipitation.
e_Sesert expan | wou! Ky ic. Sanel's
People have cut and _vumed miller Starks after harvest purthisieaves Srit
exposed and winds blow away {Psoil and lead to decertiication. [7]
‘Scanned with CamScanner Geography Case Studies Practice
For a named example of a transnational corporation (TNC) that you have studied, describe
its global links and impacts on a global scale.
Coca-Colg_
-cola_j i fronshational Corporation:
i ‘t