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Art-And-Culture (2024) - 2

The document discusses Stupas and sculptures from ancient India. It describes the architectural features of Stupa-1 at Sanchi and the sculptures found depicting Buddha and other religious figures. It also compares the sculptural styles that emerged in Gandhara, Mathura and Vengi regions.

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25 views1 page

Art-And-Culture (2024) - 2

The document discusses Stupas and sculptures from ancient India. It describes the architectural features of Stupa-1 at Sanchi and the sculptures found depicting Buddha and other religious figures. It also compares the sculptural styles that emerged in Gandhara, Mathura and Vengi regions.

Uploaded by

Mega No01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Student Notes:

5.2. Stupas
The original brick Stupa built during Ashoka’s time was at first enclosed by wooden fence and
later replaced by the massive stone balustrade. All the four gateways were now carved with
beautiful sculptures. Stupa – 1 at Sanchi has upper as well as lower pradakshinapatha or
circumbulatory path. It has four beautifully decorated toranas depicting various events from the
life of the Buddha and the jatakas. Figure compositions are in high relief, filling up the entire
space. Depiction of picture gets naturalistic and there is no stiffness in the body. Carving
technique appeared more advanced. Symbols continued to be used representing the Buddha

CO
and the Manushi Buddhas2. According to tradition, there are 24 Buddhas but only 1st one
dipankar and last six are pictorially represented at Sanchi -1.

5.3. Sculpture
The apex of the sculpture making is said to be found in this period. The first century CE

S.
onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh
emerged as important centres of art production. Buddha in the symbolic form got a human
form in Mathura and Gandhara. The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of

TE
Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara Tradition. The Gandhara region had long been a
crossroads of cultuaral influences. During the reign of Emperor Ashoka, the region became the
scene of intensive Buddhist missionary activity. And in the 1st century CE, rulers of Kushan
empire which included Gandhara, maintained contacts with Rome. In its interpretation of
Buddhist legends, the Gandhara school incorporated many motifs and techniques from classical
O
Roman Art. On the other hand, the local sculptural tradition at Mathura became so strong that
the tradition spread to other parts of northern India.
FN
D
.P
W

Gandhara Mathura Amravati


Images of Vaishnava (mainly Vishnu and his various forms) and Shaiva (mainly the lingas and
mukhalingas) faith are also found at Mathura but Buddhist images are found in large numbers.
W

Basis Gandhara Mathura Vengi (Amravati)


Influence Greek or Hellenistic No outside influence; Indigenous
influence also called Indigenous
Indo-Greek
W

Types of Grey/Bluish grey Spotted red sandstone White marbles


Sandstone sandstone

2
Manushi Buddha or Past Buddhas – Human Buddha with nirvana kaya, a body of transformation, lived
among men, once performed his tasks, enters nirvana and is then beyond the power of men

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI


11 www.visionias.in # 8468022022 ©Vision IAS

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