Scribd
Upload
35 views3 pages

OSPF Fundamentals

Uploaded by

mariamalhaikii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views3 pages

OSPF Fundamentals

Uploaded by

mariamalhaikii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

OSPF Fundamentals:

OSPF Overview:

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol designed to efficiently manage routing information within an
Autonomous System (AS). It operates based on the Link State Database (LSDB), where routers
share information about their connected links. OSPF routers use the SPF algorithm to calculate the
shortest path to reach each destination, with the metric being the "Cost" based on link bandwidth.

Hierarchical Structure:

OSPF organizes networks into a hierarchical structure, dividing them into areas. This hierarchical
design enhances scalability and reduces the complexity of routing information exchanges. Routers
within an area have detailed knowledge of the area's topology, while a summary of that information
is sent to routers in other areas.

OSPF Configuration:

Enabling OSPF:

1. Router Configuration:

• Use the router ospf [process-id] command in global configuration mode.

• OSPF process ID is a locally significant identifier used to distinguish between


different OSPF instances on the same router.

Assigning OSPF Router ID:

1. Unique Identification:

• Router IDs uniquely identify OSPF routers.

• The Router ID can be manually assigned using the router-id [router-id] command or
can be automatically assigned based on the highest IP address of any of the router's
active interfaces.

Configuring OSPF Interfaces:

1. Interface Configuration:

• Access the interface configuration mode using interface [interface-type]


[interface-number].

• Enable OSPF on the interface with the ip ospf [process-id] area [area-id]
command.

Establishing OSPF Neighbors:

1. Neighbor Discovery:

• Routers become OSPF neighbors when they can communicate directly.


• OSPF routers exchange Hello packets to establish and maintain neighbor
relationships.

The Designated Router and Backup Designated Router:

DR Election Process:

1. Broadcast Network Requirements:

• In OSPF, on broadcast networks like Ethernet, the DR and BDR are elected.

• Election is based on the router's priority, with the highest priority becoming the DR.
If priorities are tied, the router with the highest Router ID is chosen.

Benefits:

1. Reducing Adjacencies:

• By designating a single router as the DR, the number of adjacencies formed is


reduced.

• This minimizes the amount of OSPF routing information exchanged on the network.

OSPF Path Selection:

Metric Calculation:

1. Cost Calculation:

• OSPF routers calculate the cost of a route based on the bandwidth of the links.

• The SPF algorithm then determines the shortest path based on the accumulated
cost.

Types of Routes:

1. Intra-Area, Inter-Area, and External Routes:

• Intra-Area Routes are within the same OSPF area.

• Inter-Area Routes are between different OSPF areas.

• External Routes come from external sources and are redistributed into OSPF.

Summarization of Routes:

Benefits:

1. Reducing Routing Overhead:

• Route summarization decreases the number of entries in the routing table.

• This is particularly beneficial in large networks, as it minimizes the amount of


routing information that routers need to process and store.
Configuration:

1. Area Boundary Summarization:

• Summarization is typically done at the boundaries between OSPF areas.

• The area [area-id] range [address] [mask] command is used to configure


summarization.

Some OSPF troubleshooting commands

#sh ip ospf databse

#sh ip ospf interface

#sh ip ospf interface <int no.>

#sh ip ospf neighbor

#sh ip ospf neighbor detail

#sh ip ospf virtual-link

#sh ip ospf rib

#sh run | section router ospf

#sh ip protocols

#sh ip route ospf

#sh ip route | include <ip add.>

#sh ip route | begin gateway

#sh ip route | include <LSA_Type>

#sh ip ospf interface <int no.> | include Type

#sh ip ospf database | sec ID

#sh ip ospf | sec It

#sh ip ospf | sec B

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy