TOLES FOUNDATION LEVEL EXAM – PAPER ONE

Welcome to your TOLES Practice Foundation Exam.

Name: __________________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• This exam has ten sections.

• Each section has between five and ten questions.

• There are 90 questions to complete in total.

• This exam is marked out of 100 points.

• All multiple-choice questions are worth one point.

• Free text questions are worth two points.

• You have 90 minutes to complete this exam.

Please circle your choices, e.g.

1. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. battery

b. slander

c. trespass

d. Statute

Good luck from the Global Legal English team!

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 SECTION ONE
Instructions

You will see a list of four words.

You must identify the word which does not belong in the group.

1. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. grounds

b. claim

c. litigation

d. company

2. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. finance

b. case

c. precedent

d. binding

3. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. accounts

b. allegation

c. creditor

d. debtor

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 4. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. loan

b. landlord

c. borrower

d. rate

5. Which word does not belong in the group?

a. conveyance

b. mortgage

c. real estate

d. tribunal

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 SECTION TWO
Instructions

You will see a sentence which includes an error.

You must identify the word in the sentence which is not correct.

1. There is an error in this sentence:

When you receive the money, you must put them into your
bank account immediately.

Select the word which is incorrect.

a. When
b. you
c. receive
d. the
e. money,
f. you
g. must
h. put
i. them
j. into
k. your
l. bank
m. account
n. immediately.

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 2. There is an error in this sentence:

Where is the document which I gave it to you on Monday?

Select the word which is incorrect.

a. Where
b. is
c. the
d. document
e. which
f. I
g. gave
h. it
i. to
j. you
k. on
l. Monday?

3. There is an error in this sentence:

When a client choose a law firm, he or she usually looks at the

firm’s website for information.

Select the word which is incorrect.

a. When
b. a
c. client
d. choose
e. a
f. law
g. firm,

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 h. he
i. or
j. she
k. usually
l. looks
m. at
n. the
o. firm’s
p. website
q. for
r. information

4. There is an error in this sentence:

My client agrees not to speak any confidential information to

any third party.

Select the word which is incorrect.

a. My
b. client
c. agrees
d. not
e. to
f. speak
g. any
h. confidential
i. information
j. to
k. any
l. third
m. party.

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 5. There is an error in this sentence:

Your newspaper story made a lot of damage to my client’s

reputation.

Select the word which is incorrect.

a. Your
b. newspaper
c. story
d. made
e. a
f. lot
g. of
h. damage
i. to
j. my
k. client’s
l. reputation.

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 SECTION THREE
Instructions

You will see two sentences which are almost identical.

The only difference will be a preposition.

You must identify the sentence which uses prepositions correctly.

1. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. The law of tort imposes a duty of care to people and organisations.

b. The law of tort imposes a duty of care upon people and organisations.

2. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. You entered in this contract on 3 January.

b. You entered into this contract on 3 January.

3. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. My client has 200 shares in the company.

b. My client has 200 shares to the company.

4. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. The price depends of the quantity you want to buy.

b. The price depends on the quantity you want to buy.

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 5. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. I am not permitted to give you advice, as that is a conflict of interest.

b. I am not permitted to give you advice, as that is a conflict in interest.

6. Look at the two sentences, and decide which one of them uses
prepositions correctly.

a. The parties to the contract are my client and RGT Electronics Limited.

b. The parties of the contract are my client and RGT Electronics Limited.

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 SECTION FOUR
Instructions

You will read a short text and then answer five true or false questions.

Read the text and then answer five TRUE or FALSE questions.

In January 2010, the Court of Appeal in London upheld the ruling of a 2008 case.
The case was from Oxford County Court. The claim began in 2003. In that year,
a man tragically died after attending a wedding. His name was Mr Bhamra. His
death was both tragic and unusual, because it was due to a severe allergy.

Mr Bhamra, who was of the Sikh religion, was severely allergic to eggs. He knew
about his allergy, but he believed the food at the wedding was safe to eat,
because the Sikh religion forbids its followers to eat eggs. After eating food
containing eggs at the wedding, Mr Bhamra immediately went into a coma
and died in hospital three days later. Mr Bhamra’s widow argued that the
caterer was negligent, and the Oxford court agreed and awarded damages.
The caterer, Mr Prem Dubb, trading as Lucky Caterers, appealed.

Mr Dubb, himself a Sikh, told a court in Oxford that he prepared all the food for
the occasion himself, and it did not contain eggs. However, the court heard
from another witness that Mr Dubb didn’t have enough food prepared and
bought food at the last moment from another establishment. The judge rejected
the defendant’s evidence and accepted that Mr Dubb provided food
containing eggs.

The judge ordered Mr Dubb to pay £415,000 on the grounds that he was liable
for negligence. Lord Justice Moore-Blick said in the High Court that caterers
were not under a general obligation to provide information about the
ingredients in food. However, in this situation, he said, wedding guests did not
expect the food to contain eggs and therefore felt it was safe to eat. All three
appeal judges ordered that Mr Dubb pay the awarded damages, plus interest
of £36,000.

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 1. Mr Bhamra was not aware of the fact that he was allergic to eggs.

a. True

b. False

2. Mr Bhamra died less than a week after attending the wedding.

a. True

b. False

3. Mrs Bhamra argued that the caterer was in breach of his duty of care.

a. True

b. False

4. The judge in Oxford doubted Mr Dubb’s evidence.

a. True

b. False

5. The appeal judges ordered Mr Dubb to pay a total of £36,000 in

damages.

a. True

b. False

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 SECTION FIVE
Instructions

You will read a short text and then answer ten multiple-choice questions.

The text contains ten missing words or phrases.

You must choose the correct option to complete each gap.

Read the text and then answer ten multiple-choice questions.

While speaking on the phone with a client, you write down some notes about
their problem for a colleague in your law firm. Choose the correct options to
complete your notes.

The client, Ms Morgan, is involved in a contractual dispute because she refuses

to pay an invoice for the sum of £5,000. Ms Morgan is (1) ….. a single-member
company called Cosplay Shows Limited. The other (2) ….. dispute is a marketing
agency called KKJ Marketing Limited who claim that Ms Morgan owes this
amount under (3) ….. 5 June.

Ms Morgan’s company organises themed events for fans of popular TV shows

and films. The people who attend the client’s events purchase a one-day ticket
at a price of between £100-£150 (4) ….. cost of the location she hires.

The client organised an Outlander themed event at Aberdeen Castle and

Gardens which took place on 12 December last year. She (5) ….. £10,000 in
hiring some rooms in the castle for the day, and in purchasing liability insurance
in case of visitors to the event (6) ….. her for personal injury or any other type of
negligence.

In June of last year, Ms Morgan entered (7) ….. KKJ Marketing Limited. The
agreement was that the marketing company would do a certain amount of
online promotion for the December event at Aberdeen castle, at a cost of
£5,000.

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Our client refused to pay on the grounds that KKJ Marketing Limited
(8) ….. any of their obligations. She claims that KKJ Marketing’s service was so
bad that she terminated the agreement on 10 October and did the online
marketing herself.
Yesterday, she received a ‘Letter before Action’ email from Jonathan Moore at
KKJ Marketing stating that they will (9) ….. against her unless they receive
payment within seven days of the date of his email. They are also claiming
(10) ….. late payment.

1. Choose the correct option to complete (1) ….. in the notes.

a. a director from

b. the director of

c. the director in

d. a director to

2. Choose the correct option to complete (2) ….. in the notes.

a. party of the

b. party of a

c. party to the

d. party to a

3. Choose the correct option to complete (3) ….. in the notes.

a. an agreement with date

b. agreement dated on

c. an agreement dated

d. agreement dated with

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 4. Choose the correct option to complete (4) ….. in the notes.

a. depending on the

b. depending of the

c. depends on the

d. depends of the

5. Choose the correct option to complete (5) ….. in the notes.

a. incurred costs of

b. incurred prices of

c. incurred outgoings of

d. incurred amount of

6. Choose the correct option to complete (6) ….. in the notes.

a. doing claims against

b. making claims at

c. making claims against

d. doing claims at

7. Choose the correct option to complete (7) ….. in the notes.

a. in a contract with

b. into a contract with

c. into a contract between

d. in a contract between

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 8. Choose the correct option to complete (8) ….. in the notes.

a. did not fulfil

b. did not fulfilled

c. was not fulfil

d. was not fulfilled

9. Choose the correct option to complete (9) ….. in the notes.

a. issue the proceedings

b. issue a proceeding

c. issue some proceedings

d. issue proceedings

10. Choose the correct option to complete (10) ….. in the notes.

e. interests on

f. interests on the

g. interest on the

h. interest on

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 SECTION SIX
Instructions

You will see a phrase.

You must identify the area of law the phrase belongs to.

1. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to pay rent to a landlord’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

2. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to have joint and several liability’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

3. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to evict a tenant’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

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 4. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to contribute capital’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

5. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to work in conveyancing’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

6. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to make a legally binding offer’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

7. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to be a mortgagee’

a. The law of real property

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 b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

8. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to intend to form a legal relationship’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

9. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to make clear acceptance’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

10. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to make drawings’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

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 11. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to dissolve the business’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

12. Match the phrase given in italics with the area of law it belongs to.

‘to exchange consideration’

a. The law of real property

b. The elements of a contract

c. Working as a partnership

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 SECTION SEVEN
Instructions

You will see a sentence with a missing word.

You must choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

The company made a good profit last year, and the directors agreed to
(1) ….. a dividend.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

2. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

If you want to (2) ..... a claim against a debtor in the U.K., it is possible to
do so online if the claim is for £5000 or less.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare

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 e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

3. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

A liquidator must (3) ..... the assets of a company, which means to sell
those assets in order to pay the company’s debts.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

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 4. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

Are you going to (4) ..... an exam at the end of your legal education
course?

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

5. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

My son will (5) ..... for a job with a commercial law firm next year.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire

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 m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

6. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

In the U.K., it is not necessary to have a law degree to (6) ..... as a lawyer.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

7. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

The Seller agrees to (7) ….. the Buyer against any claim made by any third
party in connection with this Agreement.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise

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 g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

8. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

The Seller agrees to (8) ..... all transport and insurance costs.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

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 9. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

At what age do employees usually (9) ….. in your country?

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

10. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

My name is Robert Preston, and I (10) ….. for the defendant in this matter.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 11. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

When you sign an NDA, you promise that you will not (11) ….. any
confidential information to any third party.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

12. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

According to the law of tort, businesses (12) …. a duty of care to all visitors to
their premises.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

13. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

Your client did not (13) …. consideration in return for the laptop computer
my client gave to her; therefore, there is no contract between them.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

14. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

Global Legal Education Limited hereby (14) ….. Sullivan and King Law Firm
LLP the right to make 100 copies of the Published Work.

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe

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 f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

15. Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence:

Why did your client decide to (15) ….. the hospital instead of accepting
their offer to settle out of court?

a. bear
b. qualify
c. disclose
d. declare
e. owe
f. realise
g. provide
h. sue
i. act
j. apply
k. grant
l. retire
m. start
n. take
o. indemnify

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 SECTION EIGHT
Instructions

You will read a contract clause then answer twelve multiple-choice questions.

The text contains twelve underlined words or phrases.

You must choose the correct definition for each of the underlined words or
phrases.

Read the clause from an international sales contract below then choose the
correct definition for each of the twelve underlined words or phrases.

10. TERMINATION

Either party (1) hereto may terminate the Agreement immediately by written
notice in the event that the other party commits a (2) breach of the Agreement
which the party serving the notice reasonably considers is not capable of (3)
remedy or the other party has continued in any breach of the Agreement for
more than 21 days after being given notice in writing of such breach. The
Company may terminate the Agreement (4) forthwith by written notice to the
Customer (5) in the event that:

(a) The Customer is a (6) company, and the company passes a (7) resolution or
the court makes an order that it should be (8) wound up or that an administrator
be appointed, or if the Customer makes an arrangement with its (9) creditors, or
if a receiver or administrator on behalf of a creditor is appointed, or if
circumstances arise which (10) entitle the court or a creditor to appoint a
receiver, or administrator; or

(b) The Customer being an individual, at any time becomes (11) bankrupt, or
has a receiving order made against him or her, or makes any arrangement with
or for the benefit of his or her creditors, or purports to do so; or

(c) The Customer is a (12) partnership and any partner thereof at any time
becomes bankrupt, or has a receiving order made against them.

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 1. Choose the definition of (1) hereto.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

2. Choose the definition of (2) breach.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out obligations

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 3. Choose the definition of (3) remedy.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

4. Choose the definition of (4) forthwith.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

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 5. Choose the definition of (5) in the event that.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

6. Choose the definition of (6) company.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

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 7. Choose the definition of (7) resolution.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

8. Choose the definition of (8) wound up.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

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 9. Choose the definition of (9) creditors.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

10. Choose the definition of (10) entitle.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 11. Choose the definition of (11) bankrupt.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

12. Choose the definition of (12) partnership.

a. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

b. if
c. immediately
d. gives the right to
e. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
f. a failure to carry out obligations
g. brought to an end; permanently stopped
h. to this contract
i. a formal decision made at a meeting
j. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a
court
k. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
l. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out
obligations

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 SECTION NINE
Instructions

You will read a text which includes ten missing words.

You must read the text and then write the correct words to fill in the blanks.

You will be given the first letter of the missing word to help you, but you must
write the complete word.

There are no points awarded for incorrectly spelled or incomplete words. Use of
capitals is not important here.

Read the text below and write the correct words to fill in the ten blanks. Don't
forget to write the complete word.

WORKING AS A SOLE TRADER

‘Sole trader’ or ‘sole proprietor’ is the name of the type of business that one
person (1) ..... and controls. This person makes all of the decisions for the business
and keeps any (2) ..... that the business makes. There are no partners or
shareholders to share with, which can mean that a sole trader becomes rich
quite quickly. However, he or she is also personally liable for any losses.

There are some advantages to being a sole trader. Firstly, it is easy to (3) ..... up
this kind of business. In the U.K. you only need to register with the tax authorities,
(H.M.R.C.), and declare that you are self-employed. You must do this within
three months of starting the business. There is no cost to this, as there is no
registration (4) ..... . Another advantage is that a sole trader does not need to
complete the complicated forms that a limited company is obliged to fill in. Nor
does a sole trader have to provide the detailed accounting information that
limited companies must produce. However, a sole trader must prepare
accounts for his or her (5) ..... self-assessment tax return, which is the document
that declares yearly profits and tax liability. Another advantage is that all the
financial information of a sole trader is private, unlike U.K. limited companies,
which need to (6) ..... accounts each year at Companies House. The accounts
of limited companies are accessible to the public.

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The main disadvantage of being a sole trader is that the owner of the
business is solely liable for any consequences of business failure. This
means that in a situation where the business cannot pay its (7) ..... because it
doesn’t have enough money, the sole trader may lose his or her personal (8) .....,
such as his or her home, as a consequence. A sole trader may also be liable for
other things, such as injuring a customer due to a (9) ..... of the duty of care. For
this reason, a sole trader must buy public liability (10) ..... in order to be sure that
he or she can meet the cost of any claim.

1. Which word is missing from (1) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter O)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

2. Which word is missing from (2) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter P)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

3. Which word is missing from (3) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter S)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

4. Which word is missing from (4) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter F)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

5. Which word is missing from (5) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter A)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 6. Which word is missing from (6) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter F)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

7. Which word is missing from (7) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter D)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

8. Which word is missing from (8) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter A)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

9. Which word is missing from (9) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter B)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

10. Which word is missing from (10) ….. ? (Answer begins with the letter I)

Write your answer here: ______________________________________________

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 SECTION TEN
Instructions

You will read a short text and then answer ten multiple-choice questions.

Read the text and then choose the correct answer to ten comprehension
questions.

THE STORY OF A FORESEEABLE RISK AT SEA

In 2005, a small ship was involved in an accident at sea near the Shetland
Islands. The Shetland Islands are located off the northeast coast of Scotland. The
name of the ship was the Anglian Sovereign, and she belonged to a company
named Klyne Marine Services. The British Marine and Coastguard Agency (the
MCA) contracted with Klyne Marine Services to use their ships in this area. The
job of the MCA is to implement the U.K. government’s maritime safety policy.
The motto of the MCA is, ‘safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas.’

The job of the Anglian Sovereign was to prevent commercial ships from polluting
the sea in this beautiful, remote part of Scotland. On 3 September 2005, the ship
was patrolling near the uninhabited island of Oxna. The ship hit rocks near the
island, with horrific consequences for the local environment. The collision with
the rocks fractured the fuel tank of the ship. As a result, 84 tonnes of fuel leaked
from the fuel tank into the sea. This incident was very embarrassing for the MCA,
whose function was to prevent pollution. This embarrassment became worse
when the police reported that the captain of the Anglian Sovereign, Peter
Leask, was three times over the legal limit for alcohol when he was in charge of
the ship that day. Mr Leask later appeared in the criminal court and went to
prison for eight months in March 2006.

A local business, Hjaltland Sea Farms, then started a civil action against Klyne
Marine Services. The claimant company farmed and sold salmon, a very
expensive fish. Hjaltland Sea Farms had to stop work at three of their fish farms in
the area for a period of three days due to the pollution in the water. The claim
was for loss of profit, extra management time to deal with the crisis and the cost
of buying cleaning equipment.

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

In July 2010, a judge at Lerwick Sheriff Court awarded the claimant a total
of £25,120.71. £24,020.71 of this sum was for loss of profit. The judge in the
case, Sheriff Graeme Napier, also ruled that the defendant must pay 8% interest
on the total amount over the five-year period. Klyne Marine Services decided to
appeal but later withdrew this action.

The managing director of Hjaltland Sea Farms, Mr Michael Stark, said that he
was pleased with the result of the case. He said that the case set a precedent.
This precedent makes it clear to anyone who may pollute the sea with oil that it
is entirely foreseeable that the fish farm industry will suffer a loss as a
consequence. And, where there is a foreseeable loss, the injured party is entitled
to receive damages.

Lawyers saw a huge number of similar claims arising from the B.P. oil spill in the
Gulf of Mexico in 2010.

1. What was the name of the ship that was involved in the accident?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 2. Who were the owners of the ship that was involved in the accident?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

3. Which organisation contracted with the owners of the ship to use it in this
area?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

4. Which part of the ship was damaged in the accident?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

5. Why was the captain of the ship sent to prison?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

6. What did the claimant company in the civil case produce?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

7. The claim was made up of several parts. What were they?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

8. What sum of money was the defendant ordered to pay interest on?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 9. What precedent does the managing director of the claimant
company say this case sets?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon
h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

10. What event led to a huge number of similar claims in 2010?

Choose the correct answer.

a. the fuel tank

b. Klyne Marine Services
c. loss of profit, extra management time and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
d. the Anglian Sovereign
e. £25,120.71
f. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish
farming will suffer as a result
g. salmon

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

 h. the B.P. oil spill
i. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
j. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England

ANSWER KEY- Foundation Practice Paper 1
SECTION 1
1. D. company
2. A. finance
3. B. allegation
4. B. landlord
5. D. tribunal

SECTION 2
1. I. them
2. H. it
3. D. choose
4. F. speak
5. D. made

SECTION 3
1. B. The law of tort imposes a duty of care upon people and organisations.
2. B. You entered into this contract on 3 January.
3. A. My client has 200 shares in the company.
4. B. The price depends on the quantity you want to buy.
5. A. I am not permitted to give you advice as that is a conflict of interest.
6. A. The parties to the contract are my client and RGT Electronics Limited.

SECTION 4
1. B. FALSE
2. A. TRUE
3. A. TRUE
4. A. TRUE
5. B. FALSE

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SECTION 5
1. the director of
2. party to the
3. an agreement dated
4. depending on the
5. incurred costs of
6. making claims against
7. into a contract with
8. did not fulfil
9. issue proceedings
10. interest on the

SECTION 6
1. A. The law of real property
2. C. Working as a partnership
3. A. The law of real property
4. C. Working as a partnership
5. A. The law of real property
6. B. The elements of a contract
7. A. The law of real property
8. B. The elements of a contract
9. B. The elements of a contract
10. C. Working as a partnership
11. C. Working as a partnership
12. B. The elements of a contract

SECTION 7
1. D. declare
2. M. start
3. F. realise
4. N. take
5. J. apply

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6. B. qualify
7. O. indemnify
8. A bear
9. L. retire
10. I. act
11. C. disclose
12. E. owe
13. G. provide
14. K. grant
15. H. sue

SECTION 8
1. to this contract
2. a failure to carry out obligations
3. a legal solution which compensates for a failure to carry out obligations
4. immediately
5. if
6. an incorporated business which directors run, and shareholders own
7. a formal decision made at a meeting
8. brought to an end; permanently stopped
9. people or organisations who are waiting for payment
10. gives the right to
11. not having enough money to pay his or her debts, as declared by a court
12. a business relationship in which people have joint and several liability

SECTION 9
1. owns
2. profit/s
3. set
4. fee
5. annual
6. file

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7. debts
8. assets
9. breach
10. insurance

SECTION 10
1. the Anglican Sovereign
2. Klyne Marine Services
3. the British Marine and Coastguard Agency
4. the fuel tank
5. for being three times over the legal limit for alcohol
6. salmon
7. loss of profit, extra management time, and the cost of buying cleaning
equipment
8. £25,120.71
9. that it is foreseeable to anyone who pollutes the sea with oil that fish farming
will suffer as a result
10. the B.P. oil spill

© Global Legal English/Cambridge Law Studio, England