Hot Standby Router Protocol

Hot Standby Router Protocol

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway, and has been described in detail in RFC 2281. The protocol establishes a framework between network routers in order to achieve default gateway failover if the primary gateway should become inaccessible,[1] in close association with a rapid-converging routing protocol like EIGRP or OSPF. By multicasting packets, HSRP sends its hello messages to the multicast address 224.0.0.2 (all routers) for version 1, or 224.0.0.102 for version 2[2] , using UDP port 1985, to other HSRP-enabled routers, defining priority between the routers. The primary router with the highest configured priority will act as a virtual router with a pre-defined gateway IP address and will respond to the ARP request from machines connected to the LAN with the MAC address 0000.0c07.acXX where XX is the group ID in hex. If the primary router should fail, the router with the next-highest priority would take over the gateway IP address and answer ARP requests with the same mac address, thus achieving transparent default gateway fail-over. A HSRP Basics Simulation [3] visualizes Active/Standby election and link failover with Hello, Coup, ARP Reply packets and timers. HSRP is not a routing protocol as it does not advertise IP routes or affect the routing table in any way. HSRP has the ability to trigger a failover if one or more interfaces on the router go down. This can be useful for dual branch routers each with a single serial link back to the head end. If the serial link of the primary router goes down, the backup router would take over the primary functionality and thus retain connectivity to the head end.

Examples
Load Sharing
Router 1:
track 1 interface Serial0/0/0.1 ip routing interface FastEthernet0/0 description interface to LAN ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! Make sure this IP is in the same subnet as your Virtual Gateway1 IP ! Make sure this IP is in the same subnet as your Virtual Gateway2 IP ! Points at the interface that needs to be Prioritized

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Secondary standby 1 ip 10.10.10.25 standby 1 priority 105 standby 1 preempt standby 1 track 1 standby 2 ip 192.168.1.25 standby 2 priority 100 standby 2 preempt standby 2 track 1 ! Router bgp <ASN> network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

! Virtual IP 1 (10.10.10.0 Network Takes Priority) ! The Higher the # The Higher the Priority ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE ! Virtual IP 2 ! Lower Priority = Backup Route ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE

! Broadcasts Gateway1 out the WAN through BGP ! Broadcasts Gateway2 out the WAN through BGP

Router 2:
track 1 interface Serial0/0/0.1 ip routing interface FastEthernet0/0 description interface to LAN ! Points at the interface that needs to be Prioritized

Hot Standby Router Protocol

ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! Make sure this IP is in the same subnet as your Virtual Gateway2 IP ! Make sure this IP is in the same subnet as your Virtual Gateway1 IP

ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0 Secondary standby 1 ip 10.10.10.25 standby 1 priority 100 standby 1 preempt standby 1 track 1 standby 2 ip 192.168.1.25 standby 2 priority 105 standby 2 preempt standby 2 track 1 ! Router bgp <ASN> network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0

! Virtual IP 1 ! Lower Priority = Backup Router ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE ! Virtual IP 2 (192.168.1.0 Network Takes Priority) ! The Higher the # The Higher the Priority ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE

! Broadcasts Gateway1 out the WAN through BGP ! Broadcasts Gateway2 out the WAN through BGP

Primary and Backup

Router 1:
track 1 interface Serial0/0/0.1 ip routing interface FastEthernet0/0 description interface to LAN ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 standby 1 ip <Gateway> standby 1 priority 105 standby 1 preempt standby 1 track 1 ! Router bgp <ASN> network <Gateway> mask 255.255.255.0 ! Broadcasts Gateway out the WAN through BGP ! Virtual IP ! Higher Priority = Primary Router ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE ! Points at the interface that needs to be Prioritized

Router 2:
track 1 interface Serial0/0/0.1 ip routing interface FastEthernet0/0 description interface to LAN ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 standby 1 ip <Gateway> standby 1 priority 100 standby 1 preempt standby 1 track 1 ! Router bgp <ASN> network <Gateway> mask 255.255.255.0 ! Broadcasts Gateway out the WAN through BGP ! Virtual IP ! Lower Priority = Backup Router ! Enables the router with the highest priority to immediately become the active router ! WAN SUBINTERFACE ! Points at the interface that needs to be Prioritized

This is what you should see in a Primary/Backup situation (notice how Router 1 is active): Router1# show standby Ethernet0 - Group 1 Local state is Active, priority 105, may preempt Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec

Hot Standby Router Protocol Next hello sent in 1.458 Virtual IP address is 171.16.6.100 configured Active router is local Standby router is 171.16.6.6 expires in 8.428 Virtual mac address is 0000.0c07.ac01 2 state changes, last state change 02:09:49 IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0-1" (default) Priority tracking 1 interface, 1 up: Interface Decrement State Serial0 10 Up Router2# show standby Ethernet0 - Group 1 Local state is Standby, priority 100, may preempt Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec Next hello sent in 1.814 Virtual IP address is 171.16.6.100 Active router is 171.16.6.5, priority 105 expires in 9.896 Standby router is local 3 state changes, last state change 00:10:21 IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0-1" (default) Priority tracking 1 interface, 1 up: Interface Decrement State Serial1 10 Up This is what it will look like during a successful fail-over (notice how the Router 2 is active and HSRP Priority was lowered on Router 1 to 95): R1# show standby Ethernet0 - Group 1 Local state is Standby, priority 95 (confgd 105), may preempt Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec Next hello sent in 2.670 Virtual IP address is 171.16.6.100 configured Active router is 171.16.6.6, priority 100 expires in 8.596 Standby router is local 4 state changes, last state change 00:01:45 IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0-1" (default) Priority tracking 1 interface, 0 up: Interface Decrement State Serial0 10 Down R2# show standby Ethernet0 - Group 1 Local state is Active, priority 100, may preempt Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.810 Virtual IP address is 171.16.6.100

Hot Standby Router Protocol Active router is local Standby router is 171.16.6.5 expires in 9.028 Virtual mac address is 0000.0c07.ac01 4 state changes, last state change 00:01:38 IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et0-1" (default) Priority tracking 1 interface, 1 up: Interface Decrement State Serial1 10 Up Load Sharing will be similar except both routers will have an active and a standby. Just make sure the correct group is active.

References
[1] Avoiding HSRP Configuration Errors (http:/ / www. netcordia. com/ resources/ tech-tips/ avoiding-hsrp-configuration-errors. asp) [2] HSRP Version 2 Feature Design (http:/ / www. cisco. com/ en/ US/ docs/ ios/ 12_3t/ 12_3t4/ feature/ guide/ gthsrpv2. html#wp1027184) [3] http:/ / pre. visualland. net/ view. php?cid=846& protocol=HSRP& title=1. %20HSRP%20basic

External links
Cisco: HSRP Features (http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk362/ technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a91.shtml) Netcraftsmen: HSRP by Peter J. Welcher (http://www.netcraftsmen.net/welcher/papers/hsrp.htm) HSRP Protocol Configuration by Szukala K. (http://www.szukalak.ovh.org:) RFC2281 State Table Simulation. (http://pre.visualland.net/view.php?cid=847&protocol=HSRP&title=2. RFC2281 state table) HSRP Link Fail-over Lab Animation. (http://pre.visualland.net/view.php?cid=882&protocol=HSRP&title=4. Link down lab)

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Hot Standby Router Protocol Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=459082444 Contributors: Biot, Cheque some, Cwolfsheep, DavidDouthitt, Draftpass, Echoray, Fb12, Fudoreaper, F, Gz33, Hessi, JLD, JTN, Jeffreyahaines, Johnuniq, Klykken, Lentoyip, MessiFCB, Mgrif, Mincebert, Missy Prissy, Mr Tanner, Nitefood, Nityanandparab, Pap3rinik, Pgr94, Philippe.amiot, RainbowOfLight, Rich Farmbrough, Romanc19s, Sfisher, Sietse Snel, Smecherel, Stefan Kgl, Tinucherian, Wk muriithi, 59 anonymous edits

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