Numerical Methods (3-1-3) Evaluation: Theory Practical Total Tntemal 30 20 50 Final 50 = 50 Total 80 20 100 Course Objectives: To introduce numerical methods for interpolation, regressions, and root finding to the 1. RYN solution of problems. To solve elementary matrix arithmetic problems analytically and numerically. To find the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. To provide knowledge of relevant high level programming language for computing, implementing, solving, and testing of algorithms. Course Contents: Th Solution of Nonlinear Equations 1.1 Review of calculus and Taylor’s theorem 1.2. Errors in numerical calculations (10 hrs) 1.3. Bracketing methods for locating a root, initial approximation and convergence criteria 1.4. False position method, secant method and their convergence, Newton’s method and fixed point iteration and their convergence. Interpolation and Approximation 2.1 Lagrangian’s polynomials 2.2 Newton’s interpolation using difference and divided differences 2.3. Cubic spline interpolation 2.4 Curve fitting: least squares lines for linear and nonlinear data Numerical Differentiation and Integration 3.1 Newton’s differentiation formulas 3.2. Newton-Cote’s, Quadrature formulas 3.3. Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rules 3.4. Gaussian integration algorithm 3.5 Romberg integration formulas. Solution of Linear Algebraic Equations 4.1 Matrices and their properties 4.2 Elimination methods, Gauss Jordan method, pivoting 4.3 Method of factorization: Dolittle, Crout’s and Cholesky’s methods 4.4 The inverse of a matrix 4.5. Ill-Conditioned systems 4.6 Iterative methods: Gauss Jacobi, Gauss Seidel, Relaxation methods 4.7 Power method. (Thrs) (Shrs) (10 hrs)5. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (hrs) 5.1. Overview of initial and boundary value problems 5.2. The Taylor’s series method 5.3. The Euler Method and its modifications 5.4 Huen’smethod 5.5 Runge-Kuttamethods 5.6 Solution of higher order equations 5.7 Boundary Value problems: Shooting method. Solution of Partial Differential Equations (5 hrs) 6.1 Review of partial differential equations 6.2 Elliptical equations, parabolic equations, hyperbolic equations and their relevantexamples. Laboratory: Use of Matlab/Math-CAD/C/C++or any other relevant high level programming language for applied numerical analysis. The laboratory experiments will consist of program development and 1 2: 4, 4. a 6. Text Books: 1. 2) 3. 4. of: Solution of nonlinear equations Interpolation, extrapolation, and regression Differentiation and integration Linear systems of equations Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) Partial differential equations (PDEs) Gerald, C. F. & Wheatly, P.O. Applied Numerical Analysis (7" edition).New York: ‘Addison Wesley Publidhing Company Guha, S. & Srivastava, R. Numerical Methods: For Engineers and Scientists, Oxford University Press. Grewal, B. S. & Grewal, J. S. Numerical Methods in Engineering & Science (8"edition). New Delhi: Khanna publishers. 2010. Balagurusamy, E. Numerical Methods. New Delhi: TataMeGraw Hill. 2010. References: Le 2. 3) Moin, Parviz. Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 2001 Lindfield, G. R. & Penny, J. E. T. Numerical Methods: Using MATLAB. Academic Press. 2012. Schilling, J. & Harris, S.L. Applied Numerical Methods for Engineers using MATLAB and C. Thomson publishers, 2004, Sastry, S. S. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis (3 edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. 2002. Rao, S. B. & Shantha, C. K. Numerical Methods with Programs in Basic, Fortran and Pascal. Hyderabad: Universities Press. 2000. Pratap, Rudra. Getting Started with MATLAB. Oxford University Press. 2010. Vedamurthy, V.N. & Lyengar, N. Numerical Methods. Noida: Vikash Publication House. 2009. 4 nr) YYProbability and Statistics (3-2-0) Evaluation: Theory Practical Total Sessional 50 - 50 Final 50 = 50 Total 100 - 100 Course Objective: This course is designed to familiarize the students with basic knowledge about probability and statistics. After successful completion of this course students would be able to understand and apply the concept ofpresentation and summarization of data, probability and probability distributions, sampling and estimation, hypothesis testing, simple regression and correlation, Course Contents: 1, Introduction of Statisties and Presentation of Data (shes) 1.1 Introduction of statistics 1.2 Application of statistics in engineering 1.3 Variables, types of variable: numerical and categorical variable 1.4 Sources of data: primary and secondary source 1.5 Presentation and classification ofdata: stem- and-leaf displays 1.6 Frequencydistribution 1.7 Diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data: Pareto diagram 1.8 Pie-diagram, histogram, frequency curve and frequency polygon 1.9 Cumulativefrequeney curve or ogive curve 2. Summarizing and Describing the Numerical Data (4hrs) 2.1. Measure of central tendency (mean ,median, mode), partition values 2.2 Measure of variation: range, inter-quartile range, standard deviation 2.3 Coefficient of variation 2.4 Box and whisker plot 3. Probability hrs) 3.1 Random experiment, sample space, event and types of events, counting rule 3.2 Various approaches to probability 3.3 Laws of probability-additive, multiplicative 3.4. Conditional-probability and independence 3.5. Baye’s theorem 4. Random Variable and Probability Distribution (12 hes) 4.1 Random variable: discrete and continuous random variable 4.2. Probability mass function 4.3. Expectation, laws of expectation (addition and product law) 4.4 Discrete probability distribution: Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution,Hyper Geometric distribution and Negative binomial distribution ey mee5. Bi. Si 52) 53 Probability density function,cumulative distribution functions, expected values ofcontinuous random variables Continuous probability distribution: rectangular distribution, exponentialdistribution, Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, Normal distribution, Log-Normal distribution ariate Random Variables and Joint Probability Distribution Ghrs) Joint probability mass function joint probability density functionjoint probability distribution function Marginal probability mass function, marginal probability density function,conditional probability mass function Sums and average of random variables 6. Sampling and Estimation (hrs) 6.1 6.2 63 6.4 65 6.6 67 Population and samples Sampling distribution of mean ‘Types of sampling: probability and non-probability sampling Determination of sample size Central limit theorem and its application Estimation: concept of point and interval estimation, criteria of good estimator, interval estimation, maximum likelihood estimation Confidence interval for population mean and population proportion 7. Testing of Hypothesis (Thrs) 7 72 73 Null and alternative hypothesis, level of significance, type I and type II error, critical value, P-value, one and two tailed test, steps involved in hypothesis testing One Sample test for mean and proportion ‘Two sample test for mean (independent and dependent) and proportion 8. Simple Linear Regression and Correlation G hrs) 8.1 8.2 83 Text Bi Referer te 2 3 Simple correlation and its properties Concept of simple regression analysis, estimation of regression coefficient by using least square estimati Standard error, coeticient of determination, ook: Johnson, Richard A. Probebility and Statistics for Engineers (8" edition). New Delhi: PHI learning private limited. 2011. nce Books: Devore, Jay L. Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (8° edition). New Delhi: Cengage learning, Sheldom, M. Ross. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientist (4th edition). ‘New Delhi: Cengage Learning. Shrestha, Hridya B, Statistics and Probability (2™ edition), Kathmandu; Ekata Books Distributer Pvt. Ltd.Structural Analysis I (3-2-1) Evaluation: Theory Practical Total Sessional 30 20 30 Final 50 - 50 Total 80 20 100 Course Objectives: ‘The main objective of this course is to make students familiar with structural analysis, After completing this course students will be able to analyze statically determinate rigid frames, beams, and arches. Students will also get basic knowledge of space trusses and cables of suspension bridges. Course Contents: 1. Introduction (hrs) 1.1 Types of structural system 1.2. Linearity and non-linearity in structural analysis 1.3 Statically determinate and indeterminate structures 1.4 Degree of static indeterminacy 2. Strain Energy Method (hrs) 2.1 Strain energy and complementary strain energy, work and complementary work 2.2 Strain energy due to gradually and suddenly applied direct load: dynamic multipliers 2.3 Strain energy due to axial force, shear force, bending and torsion 24 Displacement of beams and trusses by strain energy method a Virtual Work Method (6 hrs) eal itations of real work method 3.2. Principle of virtual work 3.3 Unit load method 3.4 Displacement of beams, frames and truss by unit load method 3.5 _ Effect of fabrication error (misfits) and temperature change in trusses 4. Displacement Theorems hrs) 4.1 Betti’s law 4.2 Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem 4.3 Castigliano’s theorems and application for beams and plane frames, 5. Slope and Deflection of Beams Ghrs) 5.1 Application of integration method for beams 5.2 Theorems on moment area method and its application for beams 5.3 Conjugate-beam method and its application for beamsInfluence Line Diagrams for Simple Structures (hrs) 6.1 Moving loads and influence lines, 6.2 Influence lines for statically determinate beams (support reactions, shear forces and bending moments) 6.3 Influence lines for statically determinate trusses (support reactions and member forces) 6.4 Influence line diagrams for the case of indirect load applications or panel loading (shear forces and bending moments) 6.5 Reactions and internal forces (shear forces and bending moments) from influence line diagrams due to different loadings: point load, uniformly distributed load, standard load trains 6.6 Maximum internal forces at a beam section and absolute maximum internal force on a beam span (shear forces and bending moments) Statically Determinate Arches (Shrs) 7.1 Types of arches 7.2 Three-hinged arches with support at same and different level 7.3 Determination of support reactions, shearing forces, normal forces and bending moments (circular and parabolic arches) 7.4 Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams in three hinged parabolic arch 7.5 Influence line diagrams for reactions, bending moments, shearing forces and normal forces in three-hinged parabolic arches and determination of intemal forces 7.6 Maximum intemal forces (axial force, shear force and bending moment) in three hinged parabolic arch Space Trusses Ghrs) 8.1 Introduction to simple space truss 8.2 Types of supports 8.3 Analysis of space truss by tension coefficient methods Cable Structures (6 hrs) 9.1 Introduction to cable 9.2 Catenary and parabolic cables 9.3 Elements of a simple suspension bridges 9.4 Analysis of parabolic cables 9.5 Analysis of three-hinged stiffening girder 9.6 Influence line diagrams and determination of shear forces and bending moments for three-hinged stiffening girder 9.7 Tower structures, wind cables and ties (introduction only)Laboratories: Deflection of beam Influence lines for beams Analysis of plane frame experimentally or by computer simulation Influence lines for frames Analysis of three-hinged arches under different loading arrangements Analysis of suspension bridge under different loading arrangements Analysis of space truss by computer simulation Nay eeNe Tutorials: At least five assignments accommodating all chapters. Note: Assignments shall be focused on analysis of problems requiring elongated time that are not possible to be included in final examination. Text Books: 1. Norris, C. H., & Wilbur, J. B. (1960). Elementary Structural Analysis. McGraw-Hill. 2. Bhavikatti, S. S. (2011). Structural Analysis 1. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. References: 1. Darkov, A. & Kuznetsov, V. Structural Mechanics. Moscow: Mir Publishers. 2. Reddy, C.S. (1999). Basie Structural Analysis. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 3. Jain, AK. Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis. Roorkee: Nem Chand & Bros. i i 4Surveying I (3- Evaluation: Theory Practical Total ] Sessional | 30 20 30 Final 350 - 30 zi Total 80 20 100 Course Objectives: ‘The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge to civil engineering students on various techniques and instruments for measurements of distances, angles end elevations; topographic surveys, preparation of topographic maps, tacheometry and contouring. Course Contents: 1, Introduction to Surveying (4 hrs) 1.1 Definition of Surveying 1.2 Plane and Geodetic Surveying 1.3 Classification of Surveying 1.4 Principles of Surveying 1.3 Scales, Maps and Plans 1.6. Units of Measurement (Length, Area and Volume) and Conversions 1.7 Accuracy and Error 2. Compass Survey G hrs) 2.1 Introduction, Uses and Importance 2.2 Meridians, Bearings and Angles 2.3 Designation of Bearings - Whole Circle and Quadrantal System and Conversions 2.4 Fore Bearing and Back Bearing 2.5. Types of Compass 2.6 Magnetic Declination 2.7, Local Attraction 2.8 Closing Error and Adjustments (Graphical and Analytical) 2.9 Instruction on Field Works 3. Levelling 3.1 Levelling - Basie Definitions and Importance 3.2. Types of Levelling — Spirit, Trigonometrical and Barometric 3.3 Spirit Levelling - Basic Definitions and Types 3.4 Methods of Reducing Levels - HI and Rise & Fall Method, Arithmetic Checks Effect of Curvature and Refraction Reciprocal Levelling Permissible Error in Levelling Sources of Ervor in Levelling Trigonometrical Levelling — Problems of Height and Distances (0 Practical Cases in Levelling 1 Instruction on Field Works (10 hrs)4. Introduction to EDM, Theodolite and Total Station hrs) 4.1 Principle of Electronic Distance Measurement and Use of EDM. 4.2 Types of Theodolite and its components 4.3 Principle of Theod 4.4 Uses of Theodolite - Measurement of Horizontal & Vertical Angles and Bearings 4.5 Components of Total Station 4.6 Electronic Data Recording 4.7 Uses of Total Station 5. Theodolite Traversing (10 hrs) 5.1 Traverse ~ Definition, Types and Uses 5.2 Checks in Closed and Open Traverse 5.3 Consecutive and Independent Co-ordinates; and its Computation 5.4 Closing Error in Ciosed Traverse, its computation and Balancing 5.5 Degree of Accuracy in Traversing 5.6 Plotting of Theodolite Traverse 5.7 Omitted Measurements 5.8 Instruction on Field Works 6. Tacheometry G hrs) 6.1 Introduction, Uses and Importance 6.2 Principles of Optical Distance Measurement 6.3. Systems of Tacheometry - Stadia System and Tangential System 64 Distance Measurement using Vertical Staff 6.5 Instruction on Field Works 7. Contouring 7.1 Basic definitions in Contouring 7.2 Contour Interval 7.3 Characteristics of Contours 7.4 Methods of Contouring 7.5 Interpolation of Contours 7.6 Uses of Contour Maps 7-7 Instruction on Field Works (4 hrs) 8. Trilateration and Triangulation Ghrs) 8.1 Principle of Trilateration 8.2 Principles and Classification of Triangulation Systems 8.3. Strength of Figure 8.4 Satellite Stations and Inter-visibility of Triangulation Stations 8.5 Instruction on Field WorksPractical: ty Preparation of a detailed survey map by "using tapes and compass”, with concepts of ranging, offsets, booking methods, measurement on sloping ground and use of abney level or clinometer. 2. Transfer of RL from BM to a point by Fly Levelling. 3. Preparation of L-section and X-sections of a road alignment. 4. Demonstration of Theodolite and Total Station and traverse survey using theodolite or Total Station. 5. Preparation of a detailed topographic map by traversing using theodolite or Total Station, with distances and elevations computed by tacheometry and contours drawn after arithmetic interpolation, 6. Determination of elevation of accessible and inaccessible points by ‘Trigonometrical Leveling. 7. Measurement of a plot of land by trilateration and computation of area in various systems (Ropani, Bigha, Hectare etc.) and demonstration of EDM. Text Books: 1. Punmia, B. C., Jain Ashok K. & Jain, Arun K. Surveying Vol. 1, IJ, I. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications. 2005. 2. Clark, D. Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers Vol. 1, Il. Michigan: Constable Limited. 1923. 3. Bannister, A., Raymod, S. & Baker, Raymond. Surveying (7" edition). New Delhi: Pearson education. 4. Kanetkar, T.P. Surveying. 5. Basak, N.N. Surveying and Levelling. New Delhi: Tata MeGraw Hill. 2010.Basic Electronics Engineering (2-1-2) Evaluation: Theory Practical Total Sessional, 30 20 50 Final 30. = 50 Total 30 20 100) Course Objectives: This course aims to provide knowledge on principles of electronic devices and circuits, electronic components, equipment and their use. Moreover, it provides fundamental skills on applications of electronic devices, communication system,digital systems and their applications. Course contents: 1. Semiconductor Diode (hrs) 1.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor P and N type semiconductors ‘Theory of P-N Junction, depletion region and barrier potential Forward biasing and reverse biasing of diode \V-I characteristics curves of PN diode and temperature effects Ideal and piecewise linear model of diode Junetion breakdown:zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown DC regulated power supply , half wave and full wave rectifier (center tap and bridge) and filtering(shunt capacitor, LC filter and Pai filter) 1.9 Zener regulator, LED and Photo diode RURDEDD 2. Bipolar Junction Transistor (hrs) 2.1. Introduction of Bipolar Junction Transistor 2.2. Current flow mechanism in NPN and PNP transistors 2.3 Input and output characteristics of CB and CE transistor amplifiers 2.4 Transistor as a switch and as an amplifier 2.5 Need of biasing and various biasing circuits (fixed bias, collector to base bias and self bias circuit) and operating point 2.6 Comparison between BIT and FET 3. Operational Amplifier and Oscillators (Shrs) 3.1 General characteristics (or advantages/disadvantages) of negative feedback amplifiers 3.2. Gain calculation for negative feedback amplifiers 3.3 Virtual ground concept, output offset voltage and CMRR of op -amp 3.4 Inverting and non-inverting amplifier 3.5 Application of an amplifier as an adder, subtractor, integrator anddifferentiator 3.6 Positive feedback and Barkhausen criteria for oscillations