DU MA Applied Psychology

Topic:‐ AP MA

1) A family in which calm prevails due to the fact that all power rests with one parent is considered as a _________ family.
[Question ID = 2872]
1. Schismatic [Option ID = 11485]
2. Neurotic [Option ID = 11486]
3. Skewed [Option ID = 11487]
4. Enmeshed [Option ID = 11488]

2) Freud believed that aggression was the result of ______________________.[Question ID = 2873]

1. The life instinct deflecting the death instinct outward rather than inward [Option ID = 11489]
2. People’s instinctual enjoyment of inflicting pain on others [Option ID = 11490]
3. The processes of sexual selection [Option ID = 11491]
4. Imitating the behaviors of one’s opposite‐sex parent [Option ID = 11492]

3) According to classical psychoanalytic theory, a mechanism of defence in which various forbidden thoughts and impulses
are attributed to another person rather than the self, thus reducing some anxiety, is called __________.[Question ID =
2874]
1. Projection [Option ID = 11493]
2. Introjection [Option ID = 11494]
3. Reaction Formation [Option ID = 11495]
4. Regression [Option ID = 11496]

4) A person with _______ may have a grandiose sense of self‐importance, a sense of entitlement, take advantage of others
or lack empathy.[Question ID = 2875]
1. Narcissistic personality disorder [Option ID = 11497]
2. Histrionic personality disorder [Option ID = 11498]
3. Avoidant personality disorder [Option ID = 11499]
4. Anti‐social personality disorder [Option ID = 11500]

5) Under the pressure of excessive anxiety, the ego is sometimes forced to take extreme measures to relieve it. This is
generally called _________.[Question ID = 2876]
1. Selective categorization [Option ID = 11501]
2. Defense mechanism [Option ID = 11502]
3. Symptom substitution [Option ID = 11503]
4. Selective abstraction [Option ID = 11504]

6) Which of the following is a major criterion of diagnosis of ADHD?[Question ID = 2877]

1. Inattention [Option ID = 11505]
2. Deficit in Social Communication [Option ID = 11506]
3. Repetitive pattern of behavior [Option ID = 11507]
4. All of the above [Option ID = 11508]

7) Response cost is a behavioural technique, which involves ______________.[Question ID = 2878]

1. Contingent withdrawal of earned reinforcer following undesirable behaviour [Option ID = 11509]
2. Time out from reinforcement following undesirable behaviour [Option ID = 11510]
3. Providing reinforcer following desirable behaviour [Option ID = 11511]
4. Changing the criterion of reinforcement [Option ID = 11512]

8) Children with _____ mental retardation have very limited vocabularies, speak in two‐to‐three‐word sentences, and
have IQ scores between 20 and 35.[Question ID = 2879]
1. Mild Retardation [Option ID = 11513]
2. Severe Retardation [Option ID = 11514]
3. Profound Retardation [Option ID = 11515]
4. Moderate Retardation [Option ID = 11516]

9) Which one of the following is not a symptom of arousal in post‐traumatic stress disorder?[Question ID = 2880]
1. Irritability [Option ID = 11517]
2. Reckless behaviour [Option ID = 11518]
3. Irrational fear [Option ID = 11519]
4. Hyperventilation [Option ID = 11520]

10) Which among the following was stated as “centre of consciousness” by Jung?[Question ID = 2881]
1. Ego [Option ID = 11521]
2. Anima [Option ID = 11522]
3. Superego [Option ID = 11523]
4. Schema [Option ID = 11524]
11) An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does is called[Question ID =
2882]
1. Organizational commitment [Option ID = 11525]
2. Employee engagement [Option ID = 11526]
3. Job satisfaction [Option ID = 11527]
4. Perceived organizational support [Option ID = 11528]

12) The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic is called[Question
ID = 2883]
1. Halo effect [Option ID = 11529]
2. Contrast effect [Option ID = 11530]
3. Primacy effect [Option ID = 11531]
4. Stereotyping [Option ID = 11532]

13) The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self‐direction is
called[Question ID = 2884]
1. Theory X [Option ID = 11533]
2. Theory Y [Option ID = 11534]
3. Theory Z [Option ID = 11535]
4. Human Relations theory [Option ID = 11536]

14) Fiedler created the ____________ questionnaire to identify whether a person is task‐ or relationship‐oriented.
[Question ID = 2885]
1. Assumed similarity between opposites [Option ID = 11537]
2. Most preferred coworker [Option ID = 11538]
3. Least preferred coworker [Option ID = 11539]
4. Task‐oriented leader [Option ID = 11540]

15) Private employment agency specializing in middle‐and top‐management placements are known as[Question ID = 2886]
1. Assessment centers [Option ID = 11541]
2. Consulting organizations [Option ID = 11542]
3. Talent hunt firms [Option ID = 11543]
4. Executive search firms [Option ID = 11544]

16) _____________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.[Question ID = 2887]
1. Role overload [Option ID = 11545]
2. Role ambiguity [Option ID = 11546]
3. Role erosion [Option ID = 11547]
4. Role conflict [Option ID = 11548]

17) A selection device that allows job candidates to learn negative as well as positive information about the job and
organization is called[Question ID = 2888]
1. Realistic job preview [Option ID = 11549]
2. Placement [Option ID = 11550]
3. Background investigation [Option ID = 11551]
4. Conditional job offer [Option ID = 11552]

18) Which of the following is a hands‐on simulation of part or all of the work that applicants for routine jobs must perform?
[Question ID = 2889]
1. Job knowledge test [Option ID = 11553]
2. Performance test [Option ID = 11554]
3. Work sample test [Option ID = 11555]
4. Structured interviews [Option ID = 11556]

19) ______________ is a performance appraisal technique in which the appraiser describes what the employee did that
was especially effective or ineffective in a situation, citing only specific behaviors.[Question ID = 2890]
1. Graphic rating scales [Option ID = 11557]
2. Written essays [Option ID = 11558]
3. Behaviorally anchored rating scales [Option ID = 11559]
4. Critical incidents technique [Option ID = 11560]

20) According to Lewin's three‐step model of organizational change, in order to facilitate change, _____________ which
direct behavior away from the status quo, can be increased. The _________________, which hinder movement away from
equilibrium, can be decreased.[Question ID = 2891]
1. Driving forces, restraining forces [Option ID = 11561]
2. Restraining forces, driving forces [Option ID = 11562]
3. Positive forces, negative forces [Option ID = 11563]
4. Negative forces, positive forces [Option ID = 11564]

21) Which of the following therapies involves structural analysis that consists of diagnosing and separating the feeling‐
thinking and behavioural pattern of ego states?[Question ID = 2892]
1. Psychoanalysis [Option ID = 11565]
2. Psychoanalytically‐oriented psychotherapy [Option ID = 11566]
3. Behaviour analysis [Option ID = 11567]
4. Transactional analysis [Option ID = 11568]

22) In behavior therapy, the patient is taught the methods of progressive relaxation which is based on the work of[Question
ID = 2893]
1. J. Wolpe [Option ID = 11569]
2. Edmund Jacobson [Option ID = 11570]
3. Arnold Lazarus [Option ID = 11571]
4. J. B. Watson [Option ID = 11572]

23) In which of the following therapies, the client is directed to pay attention to his/her moment‐to moment experience?
[Question ID = 2894]
1. Gestalt therapy [Option ID = 11573]
2. Behaviour therapy [Option ID = 11574]
3. Client‐centred therapy [Option ID = 11575]
4. Existential therapy [Option ID = 11576]

24) When a client reacts to a therapist in ways that resemble how he or she would react to other authority figures, the
process is called[Question ID = 2895]
1. Counter transference [Option ID = 11577]
2. Catharsis [Option ID = 11578]
3. Free association [Option ID = 11579]
4. Transference [Option ID = 11580]

25) 'Auxiliary chair' is a technique which is used in __________ therapy to include someone who is either absent or dead.
[Question ID = 2896]
1. Adlerian psychotherapy [Option ID = 11581]
2. Psychodrama [Option ID = 11582]
3. Transactional analysis [Option ID = 11583]
4. Existential therapy [Option ID = 11584]

26) Victor Frankl is known for[Question ID = 2897]

1. Client‐centered therapy [Option ID = 11585]
2. Logotherapy [Option ID = 11586]
3. Directive therapy [Option ID = 11587]
4. Bibiliotherapy [Option ID = 11588]

27) In which of the following therapies unconditional positive regard is an essential requirement?[Question ID = 2898]
1. Cognitive‐behaviour therapy [Option ID = 11589]
2. Gestalt therapy [Option ID = 11590]
3. Transactional analysis [Option ID = 11591]
4. Person‐centred therapy [Option ID = 11592]

28) Mitu thinks that, ‘‘I am a failure in life, if not selected in Civil Services.’’ which understandably made her feel
depressed, is an example of[Question ID = 2899]
1. All or none thinking [Option ID = 11593]
2. Circular thinking [Option ID = 11594]
3. Socratic thinking [Option ID = 11595]
4. Autistic thinking [Option ID = 11596]

29) ________ is a positive reinforcement technique used to establish a gradual approximation to a response not in a
person's behavioural repertoire.[Question ID = 2900]
1. Chaining [Option ID = 11597]
2. Systematic desensitization [Option ID = 11598]
3. Stimulus shaping [Option ID = 11599]
4. Response shaping [Option ID = 11600]

30) ______________ is often experienced when people do not keep themselves busy with routine work, because there is
no preordained design for living, people are faced with the task of creating their own meaning.[Question ID = 2901]
1. Existential vacuum [Option ID = 11601]
2. Existential neurosis [Option ID = 11602]
3. Existential nihilism [Option ID = 11603]
4. Existential crisis [Option ID = 11604]

31) According to which of the following principles ego considers external consequences of behaviour while expressing the
impulses from the id?[Question ID = 2902]
1. Pleasure principle [Option ID = 11605]
2. Moral principle [Option ID = 11606]
3. Reality principle [Option ID = 11607]
4. Freudian slips [Option ID = 11608]

32) Riya is friendly, always willing to help others and compassionate. We would expect her to score highly on[Question ID =
2903]
1. Extraversion [Option ID = 11609]
2. Agreeableness [Option ID = 11610]
3. Neuroticism [Option ID = 11611]
4. Openness to experience [Option ID = 11612]

33) In which of the following stages pleasure is centered in the genital region?[Question ID = 2904]
1. Oral stage [Option ID = 11613]
2. Anal stage [Option ID = 11614]
3. Phallic stage [Option ID = 11615]
4. Genital stage [Option ID = 11616]

34) Trait theories of personality are least concerned with[Question ID = 2905]

1. Changing personality [Option ID = 11617]
2. Describing personality [Option ID = 11618]
3. Predicting personality [Option ID = 11619]
4. Personality development [Option ID = 11620]

35) The theory of personality which emphasizes taking personal responsibility and the human tendencies toward personal
growth is called ________.[Question ID = 2906]
1. Individualistic theory [Option ID = 11621]
2. Humanistic theory [Option ID = 11622]
3. Cognitive theory [Option ID = 11623]
4. Cognitive‐behavioural theory [Option ID = 11624]

36) Karen Horney’s study of personality is focused on[Question ID = 2907]

1. Anxiety during childhood [Option ID = 11625]
2. Biological changes during adolescence [Option ID = 11626]
3. Trait‐based characteristics that were present in infancy [Option ID = 11627]
4. Environmental influences through adulthood [Option ID = 11628]

37) According to Jung, the archetype representing the masculine side of females is called[Question ID = 2908]
1. Animus [Option ID = 11629]
2. Anima [Option ID = 11630]
3. Introverts [Option ID = 11631]
4. Extroverts [Option ID = 11632]

38) According to Allport, a single trait that dominates an individual’s entire personality is called[Question ID = 2909]
1. Secondary traits [Option ID = 11633]
2. Central traits [Option ID = 11634]
3. Cardinal traits [Option ID = 11635]
4. Source traits [Option ID = 11636]

39) According to Maslow, the intense emotional experiences during which individuals feel at one with the universe is
called[Question ID = 2910]
1. Fully functioning person [Option ID = 11637]
2. Self‐esteem [Option ID = 11638]
3. Unconditional positive regard [Option ID = 11639]
4. Peak Experiences [Option ID = 11640]

40) Who among the following proposed, personality as a cognitive‐affective processing system (CAPS)?[Question ID = 2911]
1. Mischel and Shoda [Option ID = 11641]
2. G. A. Kelly [Option ID = 11642]
3. Albert Bandura [Option ID = 11643]
4. Costa and McCrea [Option ID = 11644]

41) A set of _________ scores does not result in a unique set of grouped scores.[Question ID = 2912]
1. Raw [Option ID = 11645]
2. Polled [Option ID = 11646]
3. Frequency [Option ID = 11647]
4. Percentage [Option ID = 11648]

42) Which of the following research designs can be affected by Order effects?[Question ID = 2913]
1. Independent samples design [Option ID = 11649]
2. Repeated measures design [Option ID = 11650]
3. Matched group design [Option ID = 11651]
4. Single case design [Option ID = 11652]

43) With open‐ended distribution ____________ may be the only measure that is reasonable to compute.[Question ID =
2914]
1. Average deviation [Option ID = 11653]
2. Standard deviation [Option ID = 11654]
3. Semi‐interquartile range [Option ID = 11655]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11656]

44) ___________ should be used when data are treated at an ordinal level.[Question ID = 2915]
1. Mean [Option ID = 11657]
2. Median [Option ID = 11658]
3. Mode [Option ID = 11659]
4. Standard Deviation [Option ID = 11660]

45) If the scores in a series are 0, 7, 8, 11, 15, 16 and 20. What is the median?[Question ID = 2916]
1. 7 [Option ID = 11661]
2. 8 [Option ID = 11662]
3. 11 [Option ID = 11663]
4. 15 [Option ID = 11664]

46) If a researcher is testing a _________ hypothesis he/she must use a two‐tailed test.[Question ID = 2917]
1. Uni‐directional [Option ID = 11665]
2. Correlational [Option ID = 11666]
3. Non‐directional [Option ID = 11667]
4. Null [Option ID = 11668]

47) A normal probability curve is[Question ID = 2918]

1. Negatively skewed in nature [Option ID = 11669]
2. Positively skewed in nature [Option ID = 11670]
3. Symmetrical in nature [Option ID = 11671]
4. Asymmetrical in nature [Option ID = 11672]

48) ______________ is a non‐parametric measure of correlation, which works with ordinal level data.[Question ID = 2919]
1. Pearson's r [Option ID = 11673]
2. Point‐biserial correlation [Option ID = 11674]
3. Spearman's rho [Option ID = 11675]
4. Kappa coefficient [Option ID = 11676]

49) Which one of the following is easiest to obtain, but it is not stable across samples?[Question ID = 2920]
1. Mean [Option ID = 11677]
2. Median [Option ID = 11678]
3. Mode [Option ID = 11679]
4. Standard Deviation [Option ID = 11680]

50) If the null hypothesis is not true, ________ is the probability that a Type II error will be made.[Question ID = 2921]
1. Alpha [Option ID = 11681]
2. Beta [Option ID = 11682]
3. 1‐ beta [Option ID = 11683]
4. Effect size [Option ID = 11684]

51) In _________ play, the child engages in similar, if not identical activities with other children.[Question ID = 2922]
1. Cooperative [Option ID = 11685]
2. Associative [Option ID = 11686]
3. Parallel [Option ID = 11687]
4. Competitive [Option ID = 11688]

52) Erickson divided the life span in eight stages. Which one of the following stages matches correctly?[Question ID = 2923]
1. Infancy ‐‐‐ Autonomy Vs. Shame [Option ID = 11689]
2. Adolescence ‐‐‐ Trust Vs. Mistrust [Option ID = 11690]
3. Early Childhood ‐‐‐ Identity Vs. Identity Confusion [Option ID = 11691]
4. Middle adulthood ‐‐‐ Generativity Vs. Stagnation [Option ID = 11692]

53) The kind of fear that emerges first during infancy is the fear of __________.[Question ID = 2924]
1. Snakes and spiders [Option ID = 11693]
2. Strangers [Option ID = 11694]
3. Imaginary creatures [Option ID = 11695]
4. Darkness [Option ID = 11696]

54) f MRI, primarily measures

[Question ID = 2925]
1. Action potential circuits

[Option ID = 11697]
2. Oxygen concentration in blood

[Option ID = 11698]
3. Neuronal activity

[Option ID = 11699]
4. Equipotentiality
 [Option ID = 11700]

55) According to Piagetian theory of cognitive development conservation skills develop at[Question ID = 2926]
1. Sensori‐motor stage [Option ID = 11701]
2. Pre‐operational stage [Option ID = 11702]
3. Formal operation [Option ID = 11703]
4. Concrete operational stage [Option ID = 11704]

56) In which of the following stages of moral development, children obey rules automatically, without using reason or
judgment, and regard adults in authority as omnipotent?[Question ID = 2927]
1. Morality by Constraint [Option ID = 11705]
2. Conventional Morality [Option ID = 11706]
3. Formal Operations [Option ID = 11707]
4. Post Conventional Morality [Option ID = 11708]

57) Development of the internal organs occurs during the period of the ________.[Question ID = 2928]
1. Embryo [Option ID = 11709]
2. Fetus [Option ID = 11710]
3. Zygote [Option ID = 11711]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11712]

58) The ‘cognitive developmental’ approach to the study of moral reasoning was pioneered by:[Question ID = 2929]
1. L. Kohlberg [Option ID = 11713]
2. J. Piaget [Option ID = 11714]
3. C. Gilligan [Option ID = 11715]
4. A. Bandura [Option ID = 11716]

59) In ______, adolescents alternate between binge eating and purging through self‐induced vomiting or with laxatives.
[Question ID = 2930]
1. Anorexia nervosa [Option ID = 11717]
2. Obesity [Option ID = 11718]
3. Bulimia [Option ID = 11719]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11720]

60) In Piaget’s theory, the Formal Operational stage of cognitive development occurs during[Question ID = 2931]
1. Childhood [Option ID = 11721]
2. Early childhood [Option ID = 11722]
3. Adolescence [Option ID = 11723]
4. Adulthood [Option ID = 11724]

61) Köhler formulated an overarching organizing law of ______________ the tendency of experiences to assume the
simplest shapes possible.[Question ID = 2932]
1. Similarity [Option ID = 11725]
2. Congruence [Option ID = 11726]
3. Pragnanz [Option ID = 11727]
4. Organization [Option ID = 11728]

62) At which of the following stages of psychosexual development the children/adolescents feel pleasure by self‐stimulation
of the genitals?[Question ID = 2933]
1. Latency stage [Option ID = 11729]
2. Genital stage [Option ID = 11730]
3. Oedipal stage [Option ID = 11731]
4. Phallic stage [Option ID = 11732]

63) Thorndike's assertion stating "The more an act or response is used in a given situation, the more strongly the act
becomes associated with that situation." is called[Question ID = 2934]
1. Law of Effect [Option ID = 11733]
2. Law of Exercise [Option ID = 11734]
3. Law of Acquisition [Option ID = 11735]
4. Law of Primary reinforcement [Option ID = 11736]

64) One of the concepts, which Karen Horney introduced to the field of psychology, was[Question ID = 2935]
1. Existential anxiety [Option ID = 11737]
2. Castration anxiety [Option ID = 11738]
3. Basic anxiety [Option ID = 11739]
4. Neurotic anxiety [Option ID = 11740]

65) A learning situation that involves behavior emitted by an organism rather than elicited by a detectable stimulus is
called[Question ID = 2936]
1. Operationalism [Option ID = 11741]
2. Reinforcement [Option ID = 11742]
3. Operant conditioning [Option ID = 11743]
4. Law of parsimony [Option ID = 11744]
66) Titchener's name was closely associated with ___________.[Question ID = 2937]
1. Structuralism [Option ID = 11745]
2. Functionalism [Option ID = 11746]
3. Behaviouism [Option ID = 11747]
4. Cognitivism [Option ID = 11748]

67) According to Freud, _______ provides the energy by which the ego, at the behest of the moralizing superego,
represses sexual wishes.[Question ID = 2938]
1. Eros [Option ID = 11749]
2. Libido [Option ID = 11750]
3. Id [Option ID = 11751]
4. Thanatos [Option ID = 11752]

68) A human being is "an assembled organic machine ready to run". Who made this statement?[Question ID = 2939]
1. C. G. Sherrington [Option ID = 11753]
2. J. B. Watson [Option ID = 11754]
3. P. P. Pavlov [Option ID = 11755]
4. William James [Option ID = 11756]

69) Which of the following authors held the view that all so‐called instincts are learned behaviours and even reflexes are
learned reactions acquired in the uterus?[Question ID = 2940]
1. J. B. Watson [Option ID = 11757]
2. Z. Y. Kuo [Option ID = 11758]
3. C. G. Jung [Option ID = 11759]
4. Calvin Hall [Option ID = 11760]

70) Jung’s theory of personality is called[Question ID = 2941]

1. Functional Psychology [Option ID = 11761]
2. Structural Psychology [Option ID = 11762]
3. Analytical Psychology [Option ID = 11763]
4. Individual Psychology [Option ID = 11764]

71) Transfer of humoral immunity in the form of ready‐made antibodies from one individual to another is called[Question ID
= 2942]
1. Active immunity [Option ID = 11765]
2. Passive immunity [Option ID = 11766]
3. Innate immunity [Option ID = 11767]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11768]

72) Jean Charcot demonstrated that hysterical phenomena such as loss of feeling in limbs or fainting could be produced by
________________.[Question ID = 2943]
1. Hypnosis [Option ID = 11769]
2. Suggestion [Option ID = 11770]
3. Both (1) and (2) [Option ID = 11771]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11772]

73) Health maintenance is influenced by ___________.[Question ID = 2944]

1. Personality [Option ID = 11773]
2. Coping tactics [Option ID = 11774]
3. Health related habits [Option ID = 11775]
4. All of the above [Option ID = 11776]

74) The stress, which is related to combat experiences, childhood sexual assault is called[Question ID = 2945]
1. Chronic Stress [Option ID = 11777]
2. Distant Stress [Option ID = 11778]
3. Naturalistic Stress [Option ID = 11779]
4. Acute time‐limited Stress [Option ID = 11780]

75) Rene Descartes believed that the soul was located within the ________.[Question ID = 2946]
1. Adrenal gland [Option ID = 11781]
2. Pineal gland [Option ID = 11782]
3. Pituitary gland [Option ID = 11783]
4. Gonads [Option ID = 11784]

76) Partial or complete blockage of the arteries due to accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries is
called[Question ID = 2947]
1. Nerosclerosis [Option ID = 11785]
2. Atherosclerosis [Option ID = 11786]
3. Systemic sclerosis [Option ID = 11787]
4. None of the above [Option ID = 11788]

77) The chemical form in which most fat exists in the body is called[Question ID = 2948]
1. Triglycerides [Option ID = 11789]
2. Alveolus [Option ID = 11790]
3. Caecum [Option ID = 11791]
4. Pyloric sphincter [Option ID = 11792]

78) A group of blood disorders typified by very slow or absent blood clotting is called[Question ID = 2949]
1. Foetal alcohol syndrome [Option ID = 11793]
2. Haemophilia [Option ID = 11794]
3. Polygenic gene disorders [Option ID = 11795]
4. Down syndrome [Option ID = 11796]

79) A form of ‘heart attack’ caused by blockages to the coronary circulation is called[Question ID = 2950]
1. Heart burn [Option ID = 11797]
2. Coronary spasm [Option ID = 11798]
3. Silent Heart attack [Option ID = 11799]
4. Myocardial infarction [Option ID = 11800]

80) A large collection of nuclei that modify bodily movements on a minute‐to‐minute basis is called[Question ID = 2951]
1. Central sulcus [Option ID = 11801]
2. Lateral sulcus [Option ID = 11802]
3. Amygdala [Option ID = 11803]
4. Basal ganglia [Option ID = 11804]

81) As parallel railway tracks stretch out towards the horizon, they appear closer together. This depth cue is
called[Question ID = 2952]
1. Interposition [Option ID = 11805]
2. Linear perspective [Option ID = 11806]
3. Retinal disparity [Option ID = 11807]
4. Convergence [Option ID = 11808]

82) “Psychology should focus not on consciousness or experience but on behaviour‐actions that can be observed and
measured”, which of the following psychologists made this statement?[Question ID = 2953]
1. Willhelm Wundt [Option ID = 11809]
2. E. B. Titchner [Option ID = 11810]
3. J. B. Watson [Option ID = 11811]
4. B. F. Skinner [Option ID = 11812]

83) Which of the following concepts of classical conditioning explains the return of phobia even months after its successful
behavioural treatment?[Question ID = 2954]
1. Symptom Substitution [Option ID = 11813]
2. Spontaneous Remission [Option ID = 11814]
3. Spontaneous Recovery [Option ID = 11815]
4. Extinction [Option ID = 11816]

84) Figure and ground relationship helps to clarify the distinction between __________ and _____________.[Question ID
= 2955]
1. Perception and Memory [Option ID = 11817]
2. Sensation and Perception [Option ID = 11818]
3. Perception and Reasoning [Option ID = 11819]
4. Short‐term and Long‐term Memory [Option ID = 11820]

85) Decade by decade, generation by generation, people’s raw scores on IQ tests have gradually increased, this
phenomenon is called[Question ID = 2956]
1. Rosenthal effect [Option ID = 11821]
2. Von Restoff effect [Option ID = 11822]
3. Zeigarnik effect [Option ID = 11823]
4. Flynn effect [Option ID = 11824]

86) Despite shifts in the pattern of sensations, the tendency to perceive the object as the same, is called[Question ID =
2957]
1. Law of grouping [Option ID = 11825]
2. Perceptual constancy [Option ID = 11826]
3. Relative size [Option ID = 11827]
4. Figure ground perception [Option ID = 11828]

87) Which of the following is a characteristic of people with narcolepsy?[Question ID = 2958]

1. Periods of a minute when they fail to breathe [Option ID = 11829]
2. Repetitive leg movements during sleep [Option ID = 11830]
3. A sleep pattern resembling that of an aged person [Option ID = 11831]
4. Sudden intrusions of REM sleep into the waking period [Option ID = 11832]

88) Stimulus events or consequences that strengthen responses that precede it is called[Question ID = 2959]
1. Positive reinforcers [Option ID = 11833]
2. Positive punishers [Option ID = 11834]
3. Negative punishers [Option ID = 11835]
4. Discrimination [Option ID = 11836]

89) “If something looks like a duck, waddles like a duck, and quacks like a duck, chances are it’s a duck.” This saying is an
example of[Question ID = 2960]
1. Representativeness heuristic [Option ID = 11837]
2. Anchoring and adjustment heuristic [Option ID = 11838]
3. Categorization [Option ID = 11839]
4. Hind‐sight [Option ID = 11840]

90) Consistent occurrence of a behaviour in the presence of a discriminative stimulus is called[Question ID = 2961]
1. Stimulus control [Option ID = 11841]
2. Response control [Option ID = 11842]
3. Stimulus generalization [Option ID = 11843]
4. Response generalization [Option ID = 11844]

91) In ____________, one or more members of the group do not fully contribute to their maximum capacity, to the group
activity.[Question ID = 2962]
1. Social facilitation [Option ID = 11845]
2. Social conformity [Option ID = 11846]
3. Social loafing [Option ID = 11847]
4. Social inhibition [Option ID = 11848]

92) __________ is a form of direct social influence in which one person orders others to do something, and they do so.
[Question ID = 2963]
1. Obedience [Option ID = 11849]
2. Compliance [Option ID = 11850]
3. Loafing [Option ID = 11851]
4. Conformity [Option ID = 11852]

93) In ______type of task, the ultimate product or output results from the combination of the contributions by each and
every member of the group.[Question ID = 2964]
1. Additive [Option ID = 11853]
2. Compensatory [Option ID = 11854]
3. Conjuctive [Option ID = 11855]
4. Disjunctive [Option ID = 11856]

94) The idea that arousal produced by one stimulus can increase a person’s emotional reaction to another stimulus is
called[Question ID = 2965]
1. Excitation transfer [Option ID = 11857]
2. Incompatible responses [Option ID = 11858]
3. Emotional aggression [Option ID = 11859]
4. Displacement [Option ID = 11860]

95) In _________technique, the person will first gain compliance for smaller requests and then puts forth his/her larger
request.[Question ID = 2966]
1. Ingratiation [Option ID = 11861]
2. Door in the face [Option ID = 11862]
3. Foot in the door [Option ID = 11863]
4. That's not all [Option ID = 11864]

96) A final barrier that prevents women, as a group, from reaching top positions in the workplace is known as
_____________.[Question ID = 2967]
1. Glass cliff effect [Option ID = 11865]
2. Stereotyping [Option ID = 11866]
3. Glass ceiling effect [Option ID = 11867]
4. Gender role norms [Option ID = 11868]

97) _______ includes viewing in‐group and out‐group members primarily as members of large , mutually inclusive group,
thereby diminishing the importance of intergroup differences.[Question ID = 2968]
1. Re‐summerization [Option ID = 11869]
2. Re‐categorization [Option ID = 11870]
3. Reunion [Option ID = 11871]
4. Reunification [Option ID = 11872]

98) A cognitive bias by which we tend to assume that an individual with one positive characteristic also possesses other
(even unrelated) positive characteristics is called_______.[Question ID = 2969]
1. Halo effect [Option ID = 11873]
2. Primacy effect [Option ID = 11874]
3. Reciprocal liking [Option ID = 11875]
4. Heuristic [Option ID = 11876]
99) Message that dealt with planning strategy or technique was labelled as __________.[Question ID = 2970]
1. Orientation message [Option ID = 11877]
2. Stimulation message [Option ID = 11878]
3. Evaluation message [Option ID = 11879]
4. Task irrelevant message [Option ID = 11880]

100) Reciprocal helping and kin selection are two main kinds of helping, according to[Question ID = 2971]
1. Arousal: Cost‐Reward Model [Option ID = 11881]
2. Empathy‐Altruism Hypothesis [Option ID = 11882]
3. Negative State Relief Model [Option ID = 11883]
4. Evolutionary Perspective [Option ID = 11884]