Permutations & Combinations

1. In how many ways can l 2gentlemen sit around a 9. The total number of 4-digit numbers in which
round table so that three specified gentlemen are the digits are in descending order, is [2015)
always together? [2018) (a) wc4 x4! (b) ioc4
(a) 9! (b) 10! (c) 3! 10! (d) 3! 9! 10!
2. The number of ways in which first, second and (c) (d) None ofthese
4!
third prizes can be given to 5competitors is 10. The number ofall three elements subsets ofthe
(2018) set { a 1, ¾, a3 ... �} which contain a3 is[2014]
(a) 10 (b) (j) (c) 15 (d) 125 (a) "C3 (b) n - IC3
(c) n - C2 1 (d) None of these
3. How many different nine digit numbers can be
formed from the number 2 2 3 355888 by 11. In how many ways can a committee of 5 made
rearranging its digits so that the odd digits out 6 men and 4women containing atleast one
occupy even positions ? [2017) woman? (2014)
(a) 16 (b) 36 (c) (J) (d) 180 (a) 246 (b) 222
4. The number of times the digit 5will be written (c) 186 (d) None of these
when listing the integers from l to 1000, is 12. In how many ways can 5 boys and 5 girls be
seated at a round table so that no two girls may
[2017)
be together ? (2013)
(a) 271 (b) 272 (a) 4! (b) 5! (c) 4!+5! (d) 4! x5!
(c) 300 (d) None of these 13. A box contains two white balls , three black balls
n and four red balls. In how many ways can three
If'°' (-l)r _
"c r 3 balls be drawn from the box ifat least one black
5. r 3_ _ = -- , then a- n is equal to
fd + Cr a +3 ball is to be included in the draw? [2013)
(2017) (a) 64 (b) 129
(a) 0 (b) l (c) 84 (d) None of these
(c) 2 (d) None of these 14. In how many ways can 5 prizes be distributed
6. The number ofvalues ofr satisfying the equation an1ong 4 boys when every boy can take one or
39 C r 39 39 39 more prizes ? [2012)
3 -l - Cr2 = Cr 2 - I - C3r is [2016) (a) 1024 (b) 625 (c) 120 (d) (J)O
(a) l (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 15. The number of positive integral solution of
7. The total number of 5digit number ofdifferent abc = 30is [2012)
digits in which digit in the middle is the highest (a) 30 (b) 27
is [2016) (c) 8 (d) None of these
(a) 30X 3 ! (b) 33x3 ! 16. Jf20 cr = 20cr lO then 18c r is equal to (2011)
-

(c)
I:9 n C4 X 4! (d) None of the above
(a) 4896
(c) 1632
(b) 816
(d) None of these
n=4 17. In a polygon no three diagonals are concun-ent.
8. All the words that can be formed using alphabets If the total number of points of intersection of
A, H, L, U and R are written as in a dictionary (no diagonals interior to the polygon be 7 0then the
alphabet is repeated). Rank ofthe word RAHUL number of diagonals ofthe polygon is [2010)
is [2016) (a) 20 (b) 28
(a) 7 1 (b) 72 (c) 73 (d) 74 (c) 8 (d) None ofthese
18. With 17 consonants and 5 vowels the number of 22. Ifthe total number of m elements subsets ofthe
words of four letters that can be formed having set A= {a1, a2 , a3, ...., an} is A times the number
two different vowels in the middle and one of 3 elements subsets containing a4 , then n is
consonant, repeated or different at each end is (2007)
[2010) (a) (m -l)A (b)mA (c) (m+ l)A (d) 0
(a) 5780 (b) 2890 (c) 5440 (d) 2720 23 The number ofarrangements ofthe letters ofthe
19. The letters ofthe word TOUGH are w1itten in all word BANANA is which the two 'N's do not
possible orders and these words are written out
appear adjacently is [2007]
as in a dictionary, then the rank of the word
TOUGH is (2009) (a) 40 (b) til (c) &l (d) 100
24. If"Cr- t = 36, "Cr = 84 and "Cr + 1 = 126, then find
(a) 120 (b) 88 (c) 89 (d) �
20. If2n+ l pn-l: 2 0- 1 P0 = 3: 5 then the value ofn r: (2006]
is equal to [2008) (a) 2 (b) I (c) 3 (d) 5
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 25. A bag contains 3 one rupee coins, 4 fifty paisa
21. 3 integers are chosen at random from the set of coins and 5 ten paisa coins. How many selection
first 20 natural numbers. The chance that their of money can be formed by taking atleast one
product is a multiple of3, is - [2008) coin from the bag. [2005)
(a) 194/285 (b) 1/57 (c) 13/19 (d) 3/4 (a) � (b) 140 (c) 119 (d) 125

Hints & Solutions

1. (d) It is obvious by fundamental property of
"er 1 " er
circular permutations. 5. ( a) - 31.
2. (b) First prize can be given in 5 ways. Then r+3c r - (r+3)(r+2). (r+l)
second prize can be given in 4 ways and the n +IC r +l
third prize in 3 way s (Since a competitior 1
=3 ! .
cannot get two prizes) (r+3)(r+2) (n+1)
and hence the no. of ways. = 5 x 4x3 = 60 n+2 c r +2
ways =3!----
3. (c) X-X-X-X-X. The four digits 3, 3, 5,5 can (r+3)(n+l) n+2
4! 3!
be arranged at ( -) places in = 6 ways
= n+
2!2! . 3cr+J
The five digits 2, 2, 8, 8, 8 can be arranged (n+l)(n+2)(n+3)
n
5! ncr
at (X) places in ways = 1 0 ways :. °"'
L., (-1)'-
2 ,3, r+3cr
L
r=O n
Total no. ofarrangements = 6x1 0 = 60 ways = 6 (-l)r n+ 3cr+
4. (c) Any number between 1 to 999 is ofthe abc (n + l)(n + 2)(n + 3) r~O 3
when 0:5,a,b,c:5,9. Let us first count the 6
[n+3co _ n+3c l + n+3C2J
number in which 5 occurs exactly once. (n + l)(n +2)(n + 3)
Since, 5 c an occur at one place in = 6 - - (n+3)(n+2)
1 x 3c1 x 9x 9 = 243 ways, next 5 can occur (i n 3+ )
(n+ l)(n+2)(n+3) 2
in exactly two olaces in 3C2x 9 = 27, Lastly,
5 can occur in all three digits in only one 3 3
way. ------( n 2 +3n+2)=--
Hence, the number oftimes 5 occurs (n+l)(n+2)(n+3) n+3
= 1 x243+27x 2+1 x 3 3 3
= 243+ 54+3 = 300
Given, --=--⇒n = a⇒a-n = 0
n+3 a+3
 39c 3 3 3 made in I Oc5 = 252 ways.
6. (b) 3r-l - 9c r2 = 9cr2_1 - 9c 3r Ifno woman is to be included, thennumber
⇒ 39c 3r-l + 39c3r = 39cr2 _1 + 39cr2 of ways = 5C5 = 6
.- . the required number = 252-6 = 246
⇒ 40c3r = 40cr 2 ⇒r2 = 3r or r2 = 40-3r 12. (d) Leaving one seat vacant between two boys,
5 boys may be seated in 4! ways. Then at
⇒ r = 0, 3 or - 8, 5 remaining 5 seats, 5 girls any sit in 5! ways.
3 and 5 are the values as the given equation Hence the required nurnber = 4!x5!
is not defined by r = 0 and r =-8. Hence, the 13. (a) Atleast one black ball can be drawn in the
number of values ofr is 2. following ways
7. (d) The largest digit in the middle ofthe five (i) one black and two other colour balls
= 3c x 6C = 3 x 15 = 45
digit number can be 4 (when number are 1 2
formed with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,) 5 (when 0, (ii) two black and one other colour balls
= 3c x 6 c = 3 x 6= 18
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are used) .... , 9 (when 0, 1, 2, ...., 9 2
(iii)All the three are black = 3 c 3 x 6Co = 1
l
are used).
.-. Req.no.ofways = 45+18+1 = 64
Number offive digit numbers with largest
14. (a) First prize may be given to any one ofthe 4
digit 4 in the middle boys, hence first prize can be distributed in
= (4C4 x 4!-3C3 x 3!) 4 ways.
Number of five digit number with largest similarly every one of second, third, fourth
digit 5 in he middle and fifth prizes can also be given in 4 ways.
= (5C4 x 4!-4C3 x 3!) and so on. the number ofways oftheir distribution
Hence, required number ofnumbers = = 4x4x 4x 4x4 = 4 5 = 1024

(4C4 x4!- 3C3 x 3!)+( 5C x4!-4C3 x 3!) 15. (b) We have : 30 = 2 x 3 x 5. So, 2 can be
+(6C4x4!-5 �x3!)+ ....+�C4x4!-8�x3!) assigned to either a or b or c i.e. 2 can be
assigned in 3 ways. Similarly, each of3 and
9 8 5 can be assigned in 3 ways. Thus, the
= 4!I: nc4 -3!I: nc3 -4! 1°C5 -3! 9 C4
number ofsolutions is 3 x 3 x 3 = 27.
n=4 n=3 2 Cr = 2 Cr- ⇒ r+ (r- 1O) = 20 ⇒ r = 15
16. (b) 0 0 lO
= 3! [4x tOc5 -9CJ = 3!x882
No. of words sta1ting with A are 4 ! = 24 18Cr = 18C = 18C = 18.17.16 = 816
8. (d) 15 3 1.2. 3
No. of words starting with H are 4 ! = 24 17. (a) A combination offour vertices is equivalent
No. of words starting with Lare 4 ! = 24 to one interior poin of intersection of
These account for 72 words diagonals.
Next word is RAHLU and the 74 th word
RAHUL
9. (b) Total number ofarrangements of10 digits
0, 1, 2, .... , 9 by taking 4 at a time = 1 0C4x4!
We observe that in every anangement of4
selected digits there is just one arrangement
in which the digits are in descending order. .-. No. ofinterior points ofintersection
.. Req. number of 4-digit numbers. = °C4 = 70
IOC4x4! ⇒ n (n -1) (n-2) (n-3) = 5. 6. 7.8
= 10 C4 . -. n = 8
4! So, number of diagonals = 8C2 -8 = 20
(c) The number of three elements subsets 18. (a) The two letters, the first and the last of the
containing a 3 is equal to the number of four lettered word can be chosen in ( 17) 2
ways of selecting 2 elements out of n - l ways, as repetition is allowed for conso­
elements. So, the required number of nants.The two vowels in the middle are dis­
subsets is O - 1c2. tinct so that the number of ways of filling
11. (a) A committee of 5 out of 6 +4 = 10 can be up the two places is 5P = 20.
TI1e no. ofdifferent words = ( 17)2 . 20 = 5780.
19. (c) Rank = (4!x3)+(3!x2)+(2!x2)+1 According to question, "C,,, = A. n-1c,,,_1
=72+12+4+1=89 ⇒ !!.__n- lCm-l =A."-1 Cm-l ⇒ A=!!._or n=m A..
2n+1p - i
_ ⇒ (2n+1)! x (n -1) = 3
n l-
m m
20. (a) -l 5!
2n p (n +2)! (2n-1)! 5
5 · . - �- =40
23. (a) Required number-
⇒3n2 -l l n-4 = 0⇒(3n+ l ) (n-4) = 0 2!3! 3!

:. n = 4 (n * -½) 24. (c)

"C
r
"Cr-I
84
=-
36 ⇒
n-r+ I 7
r 3
21. (a) Total number of ways of selecting 3 inte­
gers from 20 natural numbers = 20c3 = 1140 ⇒3n-3r+3 = 7r ⇒10r-3n = 3 ...(i)
their product is a multiple of 3 means, at n-(r+l)+l
"C 126
least one number is divisible by 3. and _w_ = -
The numbers which are divisible by 3 are 3, "C (r+1) 84
r
6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and the number of ways of
selecting atleast one of them is n-r 3
⇒ -- =- ⇒ 2n-2r = 3r+3
r+l 2
6 c 1 x t4c2 + 6c2 x t4c1 + 6c3 = 776
⇒ 5r-2n =-3 ⇒ 10 r-4n =-6 ...(ii)
776 194 Substracting (ii) from (i) n = 9
Probability = = 10r-27 = 3 ⇒ 10 r = 30 ⇒ r = 3
1140 285
22. (b) Total number of m-elements subsets 25. (c) Here are 3 things of first kind, 4 things of
ofA = "C,,, ...(i) second kind and 4 things of third kind so
and number ofm-elements subsets ofA each the total number of selections
containing the element a4 = n- 1c,,,_1 = (3+1 )( 4+1)( 5+1)-1 = 119
 Probability

1. The probability ofgetting 10 in a single throw of

three fair dice is: (2018] 6. The probability of simultaneous occmTence of

I 1 atleast one of two events A and Bis p. If the

(a) -
(b) -
6 8 probability that exactly one of A, B occurs is q,
I then P(A ') + P(B') is equal to (2012)
(c) -
(d) 5
9
(a) 2-2p+q (b) 2+ 2p-q
2. If the papers of 4 students can be checked by
anyone of the 7 teachers then the probability (c) 3-3p+q (d) 2-p+q
that all the 4 papers are checked by exactly 2
teachers, is equal to (2017] 7. If A and B are mutually exclusive events and if
I 13
12 6 P (B )= , P(AuB) = , thenP (A) is equal to
(a) -
49 (b) 49 3 21
(2011)
9 15
(c) (d) - (a) 1n (b) 4n
49 49
3. If three vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen
(c) 2/7 (d) 5n
at random, then the chance that they form an
equilateral triangle is: (2016]
8. A die is loaded such that the probability of
1
(a) - (b) 5 throwing the number i is proportional to its
3
I 1 reciprocal. The probability that 3 appears in a
(c) - (d) -
IO 2 single throw is- 12011 l
4. Fow· numbers are multiplied together. Then,
the probability that the product will be divisible (a) 3/22 (b) 3/11
by 5 or IO is (2016]
369 399 (c) 9122 (d) None of these
(a) (b)
625 625
9. A black die and a white die are rolled. Find the
123 133
(c) - (d) probability that the number shown by the black
625 625
5. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 white socks. A die will be more than twice that shown by the
man pulls out 2 socks. Find the probability that
they are of the same colour. (2014] white die. (2010)

4 2 (a) 1/8 (b) 1/6

(a) - (b ) -
9 9
5 7 (c ) 1/3 (d) 1/4
(c) - (d) -
9 9
 Five dice are tossed. What is the probability that 3 integers are chosen at random from the set of
the five numbers shown will be different? [2008) first 20 natural numbers. The chance that their
10. 12.

product is a multiple of3, is.

5 5 5 5
[2005)
(a) (b) (c) (d) 19 4
54 27 81
(a) {b)
18
Find the probability ofdrawing a jack or an ace 285 57
from a pack ofplaying cards. l3 3
11.

(c) (d)
[2007]
(a) 1/8 {b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) 2/13 19 4
-

Hints & Solutions

(b) Exhaustive no. ofcases = 6 10 can appear A 1 A3A5 and AiA4A6
on three dice either as distinct number as
3
1.

following (1, 3, 6) ; (1, 4, 5); (2, 3, 5) and 2 2 1

each can occur in 3 ! ways. Or 10 can appear 20
= = =

on three dice as repeated digits as

p 6 c3 10

following (2, 2, 6), (2, 4, 4), (3, 3, 4) and each (a) The divisibility ofthe product of four
3! numbers depends upon the value of the
4.

can occur in , ways. last digit ofeach number. The last digit of
2
No. of favourable cases a number can be any one ofthe ten digits
0, 1, .... 9. So, the total number of ways of
3! selecting last digit of four numbers is
= 3 X 3 ! + 3 X- = 27
2! lOx !Ox !Ox 10=104
Total way in which papers can be checked Ifthe product ofthe 4 number is not
is equal to 74. Now, two teachers who have divisible by 5 or I 0, then the number of
2. (b)

to check all the papers can be selected in choice for the last digit ofeach number is
7 C ways and papers can be checked by 8 (excluding O or 5).
them is (24 -2 ) favourable ways. So, favourable number ofways= 84
Thus , reqw·ied probability The probability that the product is not
2

7
C2 (2 - 2 )
4

4
49

Three vertices can be selected in 6 c 3

6
divisible by 5 or 10 is
r
Hence, required probability
c�
l-c�r
3.
ways.
(c)

5. (a) Let A= event oftwo socks being brown.

= =!�:
i ........... ........
B = event oftwo socks being white.
: ...............:-.c:.. ..
i __., ..... .......
A3 5
! C2 5.4 5 P
ThenP (A) = -=-=- (B)
2 9.8 18'
i .............. ....................-. 9c

A1 A2
! ......:":...... r
I ......
... ........ I

The only equilateral triangles possible are

 Now, since A and B are mutually exclusive There are 6 favourable cases in which the
events, so required probability number on black die is more than twice the
number on the white die.
5 3 4 :. m =6
=P(A)+P(B)= -+- = -
18 18 9 n = Total number ofcases = 6 x 6
6. (a) Since,P(exactly one ofA,Boccurs) =q. ( :. with each die there are six possibilities)
P(AuB)-P(A nB)=q m 6 I
:. Probability p = � =
⇒ p-P (AnB)=q⇒P (AnB)= p-q 6x6 = 6
10. (a) Total number of cases =65
⇒ 1-P(A'uB')=p-q⇒P(A'uB')=l-p+q
Number offavourable cases =6 ! =720
⇒ P(A')+P(B')-P(A'nB')=l-p+q
⇒ P(A�+P(B')=(l-p+q)+[I-P(AuB)] Required probability= 7 =545
720
=(1-p+q)+(l -p)=2-2p+q
11. (d) As there are four jacks and four aces, the
7. (c) For mutually exclusive events number of favourable cases =8
2
2 :. The required probability= p = : =
P(A u B) =P(A) + P (B) ⇒ P(A) = 7 5 13
12. (a) Total number ofways ofselecting 3 integers
6 . 61 2
8.
k
(d) P(i) =---;-- ⇒ I = I;P(i) =kL-:-
49
=k- from 20 natural numbers = 0c3 =1140
l i= I i =I I 20
Their product is a multiple of 3 means, at
20 20 least one number is divisible by 3.
⇒k = .P(3) =
49 14 7 The numbers which are divisible by 3 are 3,
9. (b) The number of favourable cases are shown 6,9 ,1 2 ,15 , 18 and the number ofways of
below:
selecting atleast one of them is
Number on white die Number on black die
1 3 6 C1 X
14C2 + 6C2 X 14C + 6C3 =776
1
4
5 776 194
6 Required Probability =
1140 = 285
2 5
2 6