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Cardinality in DBMS

Cardinality in DBMS describes the number of times an entity participates in a relationship. There are one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many cardinalities. Cardinality is important for creating links between entities and impacts query execution. It is represented using symbols like lines and circles in Crow's Foot notation.

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234 views4 pages

Cardinality in DBMS

Cardinality in DBMS describes the number of times an entity participates in a relationship. There are one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many cardinalities. Cardinality is important for creating links between entities and impacts query execution. It is represented using symbols like lines and circles in Crow's Foot notation.

Uploaded by

Nere lyn Dumayag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CARDINALITY IN DBMS

Cardinality in DBMS is a vital piece of information about a relation between


two entities. Cardinality of a relationship can be defined as the number of
times an entity of an entity set participates in a relationship set.
Cardinality shows how the entities are connected to each other.

Types of cardinalities between tables are:


• One-to-One
• One-to-Many
• Many-to-One
• Many-to-Many

What is Cardinality?
Cardinality helps us identify the uniqueness of the data in
database columns. Here Low cardinality denotes that there are a lot of
redundancies (repeated values) in columns. High cardinality denotes that
there are a lot of unique values in columns.

Why is Cardinality Important in Databases?


In databases, Cardinality is very important because it helps us to
create links between entities. Cardinality has a significant impact on query
execution. Query execution is a sequence of steps that users take to search
and access the data stored in a database. Cardinality is applied to databases
for a variety of reasons, however many businesses use the cardinality model
to analyze the data in the database.
For example, consider an online grocery store where one table
consists of all of its customer details. Consider another table that contains the
shopping history of every customer. We know that every customer might have
purchased multiple items, so the database administrator likely uses the One-
to-Many cardinality relationship which would link each customer in the first
table to all the purchases they made in the second table.
Types of Cardinality Ratios
There exists a few cardinality ratios which determine the cardinality in DBMS.

One-to-One Cardinality (1:1)


In One-to-One cardinality, an entity in a set A relates to exactly one
occurrence of another entity in set B. In other words, one entity is related to
only one another entity.

One-to-Many Cardinality (1)


In One-to-Many cardinality, an entity in set A relates to many
occurrences of another entity in set B. In other words, an entity in set A can be
linked with any number of entities in set B while an entity in set B can be
linked with only one entity in set A.

Many-to-One Cardinality (m:1)


In Many-to-One Cardinality, multiple occurrences of an entity in set
A can relate to one occurrence of another entity in set B. In other words, an
entity in set B can be linked with at most one entity in set A while an entity
in set A can be linked with any number of entities in set B.

Many-to-Many Cardinality(m:m)
In Many-to-Many cardinality, multiple occurrences in an entity set can relate
to multiple occurrences of another entity set. In other words, an entity in set
A can link to any number of entities in set B while an entity in set B can link to
any number of entities in set A.
Symbols in Crow’s Foot Notation and Their Meaning

• One of the most important terms to know when using crow's foot
notation is cardinality.
• Cardinality acts as a parameter for the relationship between entities.
For one entity, there is a minimum and maximum number that helps
define its relationship with another entity.

Here are the symbols associated with the crow's foot notation:

The symbol/diagram denotes zero in crow's foot notation. We know this


because the of the zero/circle indicator at the right side of the horizontal line.

The diagram shows a horizontal line with short vertical lines crossing it. The
vertical line acts as the indicator – it denotes one.

The diagram above denotes many. You can easily remember this symbol
because it looks like a crow's foot.

COMBINATION
Assumptions

• A supplier can exist without providing components.


• A component does not have to be associated with a supplier.
• A component does not have to be associated with a product. Not all
components are used in products.
• A product cannot exist without components.

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