Section 2

Morgan Schaffer products and services

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18
Agenda

1. Objectives
2. Power transformers
3. Dissolved gases in oil
4. Dissolve gas analysis (DGA)
5. Morgan Schaffer presentation
6. Morgan Schaffer products and services
7. Morgan Schaffer value proposition
8. Summary
9. Questions

1. Objectives

• Define key concepts of fault gases and Dissolved Gas Analysis

• Present Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

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 2. Power Transformers

• Power transformers are used either to step-up or step-down

voltages, or as insulation transformers. They are used in
production, transmission and distribution networks. The type and
capacity of power transformers depend on the network design.

2. Power Transformers

Transformer Oil: The « Blood » of a Transformer

Transformers are filled with oil that

cools and insulates its windings.

The insulating oil is in contact with the internal

components, so as normal and abnormal events
occur within the transformer, “fault gases” are
produced and become dissolved in the oil.

Analyzing these gases provides a snapshot of the overall

health of the transformer, much as a blood test provides
a snapshot of the overall health of a human body.

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 3. Dissolved Gases in Oil

Causes of dissolved gases in oil

Generic Oil Molecule CH3 CH2 CH3

n

H2
• Thermal & electrical stresses
• Exposure to air CH4
• Cellulosic insulation starts degrading
• Contaminant induced chemical reactions C2H6

C2H4
C2H2
Chain breaks Gases
+ CO2
Molecular rearrangements
CO

3. Dissolved Gases in Oil

Causes of dissolved gases in oil

1. Gases
2. Present in very small quantities (ppm)
3. No bubbles, i.e. dissolved in oil

7 FAULT GASES
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Hydrogen (H2)
Carbon monoxide (CO) Methane (CH4)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Indicates a leak in
a sealed tank Ethane (C2H6)
Indicates insulation
overheating Acetylene (C2H2)
Indicate developing faults

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 3. Dissolved Gases in Oil

Reference: Technical Paper

FIST 3.30 (Page 41)
Transformer Maintenance
Facilities Instructions,
Standards and Techniques
United States Department of
Interior,
Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver, CO
Hydroelectric Research and
Technical Services Group
D-8450 October 2000

3. Dissolved Gases in Oil

Relative quantities of dissolved fault gases generated by incipient faults

Partial Cellulose Oil Thermal Faults in Thermal Faults in Thermal Faults in Thermal Faults
Fault Gas Arcing Leaks
Discharge Aging Degradation Oil at 150-300 oC Oil at 300-700 oC Oil at over 700 oC in Cellulose

Hydrogen ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Moisture ■ ■

Oxygen ■ ■

Carbon Monoxide ■ ■

Carbon Dioxide ■ ■ ■

Methane ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Acetylene ■ trace ■ trace ■

Ethylene ■ ■ trace ■ ■

Ethane ■ ■ ■

Nitrogen

■
SF6

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 4. Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)

 The most sensitive and reliable technique used for evaluating the health of
Power Transformer is by dissolved gas analysis (DGA).

 DGA provides: Concentration of gases dissolved in transformers oil.

Gas measurement
1 Drawing an oil sample 3

Extraction of the gases from Diagnosis: interpretation of the analysis

2 4
the oil according to according to specific formulas
ASTM3612

4. Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)

Gas Separation and Measurement

Morgan Schaffer generally uses with equipment:

 Gas Chromatography for gas separation

 Thermal Conductivity for gas measurement

Thermal Conductivity

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 4. Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)

Gas Separation and Measurement

 The extracted gas sample is vaporized and injected into the head of the column.
 The sample is transported through the column by the flow of the carrier gas.
 The heated column separates the gases depending on the weight.
 The output of the column consists of gases that have been separated and could be identified
thanks to the retention time of each gas (See next slide).
 What is chromatography – short video

4. Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)

Gas Chromatography

 Retention Time: The time from the point of injection to the moment a specific gas reaches the
detector.

 The Peak Area represents the amount of a specific gas in that peak, i.e. the concentration of
that specific gas

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 4. Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)

Gas Chromatography

GC - Advantages GC - Disadvantages

High Resolution Sample must be volatile

(Vaporized sample)
High Speed (Quick Analysis) Dirty sample require clean up

High Sensitivity Mass spectrometer to confirm identity

High Accuracy

Quantifiable

5. Morgan Schaffer Presentation

We did it first. We still do it best.

More than 50 years of dissolved gas and dielectric oil analysis expertise

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5. Morgan Schaffer Presentation

 1965: Incorporated

 1969: Determined that gas-tight

glass syringes in light-tight
cardboard boxes were ideal DGA
sampling vessels

 1970: Contributed DGA methods

to help create ASTM D3612

 2002: True North DGA oil

standards

 2009: Morgan Schaffer Oil LIMS

 2017: Acquired by Esco

Technologies

6. Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

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6. Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

Online Monitoring Equipment Online Monitors:

Technology milestones
 1994: Online H2 monitor
using thermal conductivity
cell

 2001: Calisto H2

 2008: Calisto H2 and CO

 2010: Online multi-gas

monitors (C500/C900)

 2017: Online multi-gas

monitors (C501/C901)

6. Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

Online Monitoring Equipment

Calisto Calisto 2 Calisto 5 Calisto 9

Models: C55, C65, Models: C85, C85A Models: C500 Models: C900
C75, C76, and C250 and C501 and C901
C76A and C150

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6. Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

Offline Monitoring Equipment

Portable DGA
Technology milestones
 1976: Portable H2 DGA analyzer using
Teflon® tubing in transformer

 1981: Portable H2 DGA analyzer using

N2 carrier gas and ShakeTest™ syringe

 1995: 7-gas DGA analyzer (2 channel

micro GC)

 2010: Myrkos 9-gas field-optimized

DGA analyzer

6. Morgan Schaffer Products and Services

Offline Monitoring Equipment

Myrkos Field Package

 On-screen oil sampling and gas
extraction instructions

 Accurate results in just 2 minutes

 Integrates easily into any laboratory

quality management system and
standard operating procedures

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6. Morgan Schaffer Products and services:

Offline Monitoring Equipment

Myrkos Laboratory Package

 Designed indoor use

6. Morgan Schaffer Products and services

Laboratory DGA
Technology milestones
 1965: Incorporated

 1969: Determined that gas-tight glass

syringes in light-tight cardboard
boxes were ideal DGA sampling
vessels

 1970: Contributed DGA methods to

help create ASTM D3612

 2002: True North DGA oil standards

 2009: Morgan Schaffer Oil LIMS

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6. Morgan Schaffer Products and services

Laboratory: Oil Tests

General Diagnostic Evaluation Breaker Oil Diagnostic Evaluation
Dissolved Gas Analysis, Moisture Content, Dissolved Gas Analysis, Moisture Content,
Interfacial Tension, Acid Number, Color/Visual Interfacial Tension, Acid Number, Color/Visual
Inspection, Dielectric D-877 Inspection, Dielectric D-877, Particle Count,
Options: D-1816 1 mm; D-1816 2 mm Metals
Options: D-1816 1 mm; D-1816 2 mm

Full Transformer Diagnostic Evaluation

Dissolved Gas Analysis, Moisture Content, Interfacial Load Tap Changer Diagnostic
Tension, Acid Number, Color/Visual Inspection, Evaluation
Dielectric D-877, Particle Count, Oxidation Inhibitor, Dissolved Gas Analysis, Moisture Content, Interfacial
Tension, Color/Visual Inspection, Dielectric D-877, Metals
Furanic Compounds Analysis, Power Factor @25°C Option: D-1816 2 mm
Options: D-1816 1 mm; D-1816 2 mm

Gas-in-Oil and Moisture-in-Oil Standards:

 True North
 Atlantis

6. Morgan Schaffer Products and services

Diagnostic Software
Technology Milestones

2013: Inside View

 DGA data centralization

 Smart notification

 Includes all standard

condition assessment tools
for informed decisions

 Customizable “Health
Index” for proactive risk
management

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6. Morgan Schaffer Products and services

Inside View
Inside View is an insulating oil diagnostic software that analyzes data per tank,
over time. Its Analysis is Fast and Accurate

Fleet status at a glance 5‐level health index Filtering by any

(Dashboard) parameter

Creation of customized Comprehensive DGA Many other

indexes: personalized analytics and Statistical Customizable reports functional
calculation methods analysis and Follow‐up flag improvements

7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

 Precision is also called « Repeatability ».

 Accuracy and precision are ensured by a

system having constant physical
characteristics.

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7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Elevation Operating Range

Up to 4,000 m
Example: Calisto 2 currently operating in Peru at 4,200 m

7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Detection Monitors: Calisto 1 and Calisto 2

 Best-in-market accuracy H2, CO, H2O

Best-in-market reliability

 DC voltage supply, no additional modifications

 No consumables (C1/C2)

 No maintenance (annual inspection)

 Versatile communication ports and protocols

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7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Repeatability Resolution

Repeatability allows quantitative Resolution allows observation

diagnosis of fault type and severity of small changes

H2: ±3% H2: 1 ppm

CO: ±10% CO: 5 ppm

7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Lower Detection Limits Higher Top of Range

Market-leading detection limits Market-leading detection and

allow early detection and quantification of faults in aged
quantification of faults, transformers and LTCs
especially in new transformers

H2: 2 ppm H2: 50,000 ppm

CO: 25 ppm CO: 100,000 ppm

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 7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Diagnostic Monitors: Calisto 5 and Calisto 9

 Best-in-market accuracy
 Best-in-market detection ranges
 Built on proven Morgan Schaffer
technology platform
 Gas chromatography as per ASTM-
D3612 Method C

 Long-term accuracy guaranteed by certified calibration gas

 Minimal maintenance: 4-year service interval
 CE mark: strictest substation standards for EMC and Safety
 Versatile communication ports and protocols
 Engineered for best-in-market reliability
 Interchangeability
 Outstanding customer support and MS brand

7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Repeatability Resolution

Resolution allows observation of small changes

Repeatability allows quantitative diagnosis
of fault type and severity
H2: 0.5 ppm
H2: ±3%
CO: 2 ppm
CO: ±3%
CH4: 0.2 ppm
CH4: ±3%
C2H2: 0.2 ppm
C2H2: ±3%
C2H4: 0.2 ppm
C2H4: ±3%
C2H6: 0.2 ppm
C2H6: ±4%
CO2: 5 ppm
CO2: ±4%
O2: 200 ppm
O2: ±10%
N2: 1,000 ppm
N2: ±10%
SF6: 2 ppm
SF6: ±10%

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7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition

Lower Detection Limits Higher Top of Range

Market-leading detection limits allow early Market-leading detection and quantification of
detection and quantification of faults, faults in aged transformers and LTCs
especially in new transformers
H2: 20,000 ppm
H2: 0.5 ppm CO: 30,000 ppm
CO: 10 ppm CH4: 100,000 ppm
CH4: 0.2 ppm C2H2: 100,000 ppm
C2H2: 0.2 ppm C2H4: 200,000 ppm

C2H4: 0.2 ppm C2H6: 200,000 ppm

C2H6: 0.2 ppm CO2: 100,000 ppm

O2: 100,000 ppm
CO2: 15 ppm
N2: 150,000 ppm
O2: 500 ppm
SF6: 2,500 ppm
N2: 2,000 ppm
SF6: 2 ppm

7. Morgan Schaffer Value Proposition:

Interchangeability

Market-leading detection limits allow early

detection and quantification of faults,
especially in new transformers

Inter

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8. Summary

 Dissolved gases are present in small quantities.

 Gases monitored generally in the oil are: H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO, CO2,
O2 and N2.

 Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) consists of: oil sampling, gas extraction and gas
measurement.

 Morgan Schaffer equipment only provides DGA readings but interpretation of

these readings has to be done independently either by consulting an expert or
with Inside View or other software.

 Morgan Schaffer product line: on-line instruments, off-line instruments, software

and laboratory services.

 On-line equipment: Calisto, Calisto 2, Calisto 5 and Calisto 9.

 Off-line instruments: Myrkos Laboratory and Myrkos Field kits.

9. Questions

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