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Kinetic Flooring RRL

The second study provides more detailed analysis of kinetic tile design and parameters considered, finding that a rotational electromagnetic generator achieves higher energy density than linear generators. Dynamic models were used to predict that prototypes can generate 216-886 mJ of electrical energy per footstep, sufficient for low-power electronic devices.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
168 views8 pages

Kinetic Flooring RRL

The second study provides more detailed analysis of kinetic tile design and parameters considered, finding that a rotational electromagnetic generator achieves higher energy density than linear generators. Dynamic models were used to predict that prototypes can generate 216-886 mJ of electrical energy per footstep, sufficient for low-power electronic devices.

Uploaded by

nilay.baroqc
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Kinetic Flooring RRL

https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.psu.edu/dist/3/59664/files/2017/05/Kinetic-Energy-
Converting-Floor-Tiles-12j9fxx.pdf

Phanomchoeng, G. (2022b). Design of Kinetic-Energy harvesting floors.


Pandey, V., Saini, B., Gour, S., et al. (Aug 2020). Development of Kinetic Tiles.

SUMMARY OF STUDIES

These studies and articles present the concept of how kinetic flooring or Vibration Energy
Harvesting works and how they are designed. It also states their advantages along with how
and where it can be applied.
The first study focuses on collecting energy from human locomotions to meet increasing
energy demands due to the rapidly increasing population. Piezo tiles, a natural energy storage
method, are ethical, politically sustainable, legal, technologically advanced, and economically
beneficial. Human movement generates kinetic energy, which is transferred to piezo sensing
materials, resulting in low voltage DC current. This DC current is stored in a battery and
converted into AC by an inverter. This approach ensures sufficient energy for future
generations and contributes to advancements in technology.

Stated from one of these studies, the core of this harvesting technique which is the
piezoelectric-based-energy. Piezo in Greek terms means “to press”. Piezo Materials convert
mechanical stress into voltage, producing high voltage output but low currents. Piezoelectric
materials experience imbalance between surfaces, polarizing ends, allowing generators to
produce high voltage output. Based on this paper, the piezoelectric material is arranged
between 12mm wood plates, connected in series and parallel, with rubber support for stability.
The tile is 1x1 meter in size, with connections to a voltaic battery, inverter, and capacitor
under the fiber sheet.

The simple principle behind this is that the foot-step mechanical energy is transferred to piezo
material, converted into electrical energy (10-12 volts). DC-dc booster is used to step up
voltage, and inverter supplies required loads.

Since the study revolves around the development of kinetic tiles, it presents detailed electrical
and mechanical computations and analysis which covers distinct and comprehensive
parameters and factors for the tile design. It states that Testing is necessary to examine system
output, voltage, current, and series parallel combination effects. It's crucial to compare system
behavior at different weights and voltages, converting vibrational energy into electrical
energy. It also examines the factor of weight to be incorporated into the design. The test
examines the output power of tiles with different weights, revealing different results. The
results show different power of piezoelectric tiles with different weights, avoiding full
pressure to avoid potential harm or complete device damage.

The output of piezoelectric materials increases when combined in series or parallel.


Combining 15 and 14 PZT in series and parallel results in better output voltage and current. A
capacitor is connected between the tile and load to create a continuous output of 12V DC
pulse. This combination results in 0.0925W output power, overcoming issues with poor
voltage and current.

The second study focuses on the development of sustainable and affordable VEH or Vibration
Harvesting System which is called “Genpath”. It converts kinetic energy from thousands of
footsteps into electrical energy. This system can be installed in areas with a crowded
population for energy harvesting. Energy harvesting from human motions is an interesting and
applicable issue due to the ultra-low power consumption of electronic devices. Pavegen and
Energy Floors have developed commercial systems that generate power from footsteps, while
Dutch Railways built a phone charger using a swing set called Play for Power. Both
techniques of kinetic-to-electrical energy conversion are suitable for low-power electronic
instruments, but piezoelectric generators provide maximum energy at natural frequencies,
while electromagnetic generators are more suitable for harvesting energy from human
movements.

The paper aims to design an efficient VEH floor with a rotational electromagnetic generator.
Dynamic models were developed using MATLAB®/Simulink to predict energy performances
and fine-tune design parameters. The system consists of an EM generator and a Power
Management and Storage circuit. A direct-current DC generator is used, and a low-energy
consumption PMS circuit is designed for simultaneous conversion and storage.

The Genpath VEH floor uses a rotational EM generator to convert kinetic energy from
people's footsteps into electrical energy. This system, independent of resonant frequency,
achieves higher energy density than linear EM generators. The generated power is processed
using a PMS circuit, stored in rechargeable batteries, and supplied to smart IoT devices with
low energy consumption. The Genpath generator system consists of a floor-tile block with a
translation-to-rotation conversion mechanism connected to the DC generator and PMS circuit
board. Dynamic models were used to predict energy performances, and the study found that
the Genpath prototypes generate an averaged 216-886 mJ of electrical energy per footstep,
sufficient for low-power electronic devices like sensors and communication instruments. The
design of the floor-tile generator uses gear train and bevel gears to transmit rotation from
movement converters to the rotor.

APPLICATIONS
Kinetic electric tile can generate power for agriculture, domestic applications, traffic-lighting,
and supplying electricity to DC and AC devices. It can be used in crowded places, faulty
conditions, stairs, railway stations, sports facilities, or any spaces that has huge foot traffic for
maximum use. It can also be used to compensate for the grid supply.
FINDINGS

The Second study provides a more detailed analysis and technical terms when it comes to the
tile design and how much supply of energy their design and recommendation can generate.
Below are some of the parameters that are considered and discussed from the second study,
which also shows the parameter of the best fit design.

The Genpath VEH floor uses a rotational EM generator to harvest kinetic energy from people's
footsteps and convert it into electrical energy. This system, which is independent of resonant
frequency, achieves higher energy density than linear EM generators. The generated power is
processed using a PMS circuit, stored in rechargeable batteries, and supplied to smart IoT
devices with low energy consumption.

The system consists of a floor-tile block with a translation-to-rotation conversion mechanism


connected to the DC generator and PMS circuit board. The block has dimensions of 40 x 40 x
10 cm3 and can accommodate a maximum displacement of 15-20 mm. Two mechanisms, rack
pinion and lead screw, convert translation from footsteps to generator rotation. The DC
generator induces voltage, and springs help restore the top floor-tile to equilibrium position. A
small 12/24-V-DC motor was chosen for the DC generator.
It compares the induced voltages and currents of two EM-generator designs, revealing that
they generate an averaged 216-886 mJ of electrical energy per footstep, sufficient for low-
power electronic devices like sensors and communication instruments, confirming the
possibility of Genpath's prototypes.

The spring and transmitted gears are crucial for energy harvesting. A softer spring is preferred
for higher voltage and current levels in the forward stage, resulting in greater power. The
softer spring reduces restoring forces and increases the generator's rotational speed. Optimized
springs with a wire diameter of 2.2 mm or 40 kN/m are selected for optimal performance.

The design of a floor-tile generator uses gear train and bevel gears to transmit rotation from
movement converters to the rotor.

The study used analytical models to find the best-fit design for a generator. Simulation results
showed that both rack-pinion and lead-screw models yield the same maximum power.
However, the lead-screw design with a finer pitch provides the highest energy per step. The
softer spring was selected for higher power in the forward stage, while the 12-V-DC generator
performed better due to lower resistance during transients.
ADVANTAGES
- Power is generated by applying force on it, which counts in example like walking on it.
- Mechanical force is converted into electrical energy. Fuel input in such a system is zero.
- Uses inexhaustible sources of energy from nature hence it is a non-conventional system.
- It has non-movable elements; hence the system has long service life.
- Power generated in a piezo electric tile is self-generating. Therefore, no external power.
- This system occupies very less space and hence is very compact.
- Sensors do have very high sensitivity.
- System requires less maintenance hence it is very reliable.
- No need to provide any type of external fuel and power supply hence it is very economical.
- The system releases neither any residue nor pollutant hence it is eco-friendly.
- Generated power is stored in batteries i.e., easily portable.

Synopsis

Kinetic Flooring harnesses human foot traffic to generate clean and renewable energy. As
visitors walk across the floor, their footsteps cause mechanical movement, which is converted
into electrical energy. By incorporating Kinetic Flooring into the project, It will not only
reduce environmental footprint but also showcase commitment to innovative and sustainable
practices.

By reviewing the studies, the project will consider incorporating Pavegen V3 Tiles which
already is in use by multiple industries and commercial establishments across the world and
has almost the same parameters as the given study’s “lead screw parameter” given design and
the Genpath system.

It will be placed along the entry points and the buffer zones of the project which, in
assumption, will have the most foot traffic. The generated energy from these tiles will be used
for charging stations walkway lighting.

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