Class XI Session 2023-24

Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 1

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Which pairs do not have equal dimensions? [1]

a) Force and impulse b) Elastic modulus and pressure

c) Energy and torque d) Angular momentum and Planck's constant

2. The equation of a progressive wave can be given by y = 15 sin(660πt − 0.02πx) cm. The frequency of the [1]
wave is

a) 365 Hz b) 342 Hz

c) 330 Hz d) 660 Hz
3. The reduced mass of two particles having masses m and 2m is [1]

a) 2m b) 3m

c) m

2
d) 2m

4. Which of the following diagrams (Fig.) does not represent a streamline flow? [1]

a) b)

Page 1 of 18
 c) d)

5. The orbital velocity of a satellite orbiting near the surface of the earth is given by [1]
−−− GMe
−
−−
a) v = √gR , where g =
e 2
b) v = √ gh
where g =
GMe

2
Re Re
Re

−−− GMe −− GMe

c) v = √gR , where g =
e 2
d) v = √gh where g = 2
Re Re

6. The ratio of the velocity of sound in hydrogen and oxygen at STP is: [1]

a) 8 : 1 b) 4 : 1

c) 16 : 1 d) 2 : 1
7. A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at 63 m/s. What is its acceleration in m/s if it stops in 2.0 s?
2
[1]

a) -35 b) 34

c) -31.5 d) -33
8. A speeding motorcyclist sees traffic jam ahead of him. He slows down to 36 km/hour. He finds that traffic has [1]
eased and a car moving ahead of him at 18 km/hour is honking at a frequency of 1392 Hz. If the speed of sound
is 343 m/s, the frequency of the honk as heard by him will be

a) 1372 Hz b) 1412 Hz

c) 1454 Hz d) 1332 Hz
9. Water rises to a height of 16.3 cm in a capillary of height 18 cm above the water level. If the tube is suddenly cut [1]
at a height of 12 cm.

a) the height of the water in the capillary will b) water will stay at a height of 12 cm in the
be 10.3 cm capillary tube

c) water will come as a fountain from the d) water will flow down the sides of the
capillary tube capillary tube
10. If the mass of earth is 80 times of that of moon and its diameter is double that of moon and g on earth is 98 [1]
m/sec2, then the value of g on moon is:

a) 9.8 m/s2 b) 0.98 m/s2

c) 4.9 m/s2 d) 0.49 m/s2

11. Two wheels having radii in the ratio 1 : 3 are connected by a common belt. If the smaller wheel is accelerated [1]

from rest at a rate 1.5 rads-2 for 10 s, find the velocity of bigger wheel.

a) 15 rads-1 b) none of these

c) 45 rads-1 d) 5 rads-1
o

12. Temperatures of two stars are in ratio 3 : 2. If wavelength of maximum intensity of first body is 4000 A, what is [1]

corresponding wavelength of second body?

Page 2 of 18
 o o
a) 2000 A b) 8000 A
o o
c) 6000 A d) 9000 A

13. Assertion: Work done by static friction may be positive. [1]

Reason: Static friction may acts along the direction of motion of an object.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion: It is not possible for a system, unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at lower [1]
temperature to another body at a higher temperature.
Reason: According to Clausius statement “No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a
cooled object to a hotter object.”

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): The value of acceleration due to gravity does not depend upon the mass of the body. [1]
Reason (R): Acceleration due to gravity is a constant quantity.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

→ → → → → →
16. Assertion (A): If A × B = A × C , then C need not be equal to B . [1]

Reason (R): The cross product of two vectors depend upon the angle between them.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B

17. One end of a long string of linear mass density 8.0 × 10-3 kg m-1 is connected to an electrically driven tunning [2]

folk of frequency 256 Hz. The other end passes over a pulley and is tied to a pan containing a mass of 90 kg. The
pulley end absorbs all the incoming energy so that reflected waves at this end have negligible amplitude. At t =
0, the left end of the string x = 0 has zero transverse displacement (y = 0) and is mowing along positive y-
direction. The amplitude of the wave is 5.0 cm. Write down the transverse displacement y as a function of x and
t that describes the Wave on the string.
18. Consider a simple pendulum, having a bob attached to a string, that oscillates under the action of the force of [2]
gravity. Suppose that the period of oscillation of the simple pendulum depends on its length (l), mass of the bob
(m) and acceleration due to gravity (g). Derive the expression for its time period using method of dimensions.

Page 3 of 18
19. Let us consider an equation 1
mv2 = mgh where m is the mass of the body, v its velocity, g is the acceleration [2]
2

due to gravity, and h is the height. Check whether this equation is dimensionally correct.
20. A circular racetrack of radius 300 m is banked at an angle of 15°. If the coefficient of friction between the [2]
wheels of a race-car and the road is 0.2, what is the
a. optimum speed of the racecar to avoid wear and tear on its tyres, and
b. maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping?
→ →
21. Show that for a two-particle system F = F21 . [2]
12

OR
Calculate the escape speed of a body from the solar system from the following data:

i. Mass of the sun = 2 × 1030 kg.

ii. Separation of the earth from the sun = 1.5 × 1011 m.

Section C
22. A freshwater reservoir is 10 m deep. A horizontal pipe 2 cm in diameter passes through the reservoir 8.0 m [3]
below the water surface. A plug secures the pipe opening. At a certain time the plug is removed. What volume of
water flows out of the pipe in 1 h? Assume cross-section area of the reservoir to be too large.
23. A certain substance has a mass of 50 g/mole. When 300 J of heat is added to 25g of sample of this material, its [3]

temperature rises from 25oC to 45oC. Calculate

i. the thermal capacity,
ii. specific heat capacity, and
iii. molar heat capacity of the sample.

24. A three-wheeler starts from rest, accelerates uniformly with 1 ms-2 on a straight road for 10 sec, and then moves [3]
with uniform velocity. Plot a graph between the distance covered by the vehicle during the nth second (n = 1,2,
3,...) versus n. What do you expect the plot to be during accelerated motion, a straight line or a parabola?
25. Explain: [3]
i. Why are ball bearings used in machinery?
ii. Why does a horse have to apply more force to start a cart than to keep it moving?
iii. What is the need for banking the tracks?
26. A gas can have any value of specific heat depending upon how heating is carried out. Explain? [3]
27. A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1 kg horizontally from a cliff of height 500 m. It falls on the ground at a distance of [3]

400 m from the bottom of the cliff. Find the recoil velocity of the gun. (acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2).
28. The manual of a car instructs the owner to inflate the tyres to a pressure of 200 kPa. [3]
i. What is the recommended gauge pressure?
ii. What is the recommended absolute pressure?
iii. If after the required inflation of the tyres, the car is driven to a mountain peak where the atmospheric
pressure is 10% below that at sea level, what will the tyre gauge read?
OR
Briefly explain Magnus effect.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]

Page 4 of 18
Certain collisions are referred to as elastic collisions. Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum
and kinetic energy are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system
kinetic energy after the collision. If total kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an
inelastic collision.
The coefficient of restitution, denoted by (e), is the measure of degree elasticity of collision. It is defined as the
ratio of the final to inital relative speed between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1
where 1 would be a perfectly elastic collision. A perfectly inelastic collision has a coefficient of 0. In real life
most of the collisions are neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly inealstic and 0 < e < 1.
(i) The following are the data of a collision between a truck and a car.
Mass of the car = 1000 kg
Mass of the truck = 3000 kg
Mass of the truck Before collision:
Speed of the car = 20 m/s
Momentum of the car = 20000 kg m/s
Speed of the truck = 20 m/s
Momentum of the truck = 60000 kg m/s
After collision:
Speed of the car = 40 m/s in the opposite direction
Momentum of the car = 40000 kg m/s in the opposite direction
Speed of the truck = 0
Momentum of the truck = 0
The collision is

a) Both elastic since kinetic energy and b) Elastic since momentum is conserved
momentum is conserved

c) Inelastic since kinetic energy is d) Elastic since kinetic energy is

conserved conserved
(ii) The coefficient of restitution is the measure of

a) Malleability of a substance b) Conductivity of a substance

c) degree of elasticity of collision d) Elasticity of a substance

(iii) Coefficient of restitution is defined as
Relative velocity before collision
a) b) Relative velocity after collision ×
Relative velocity after collision

relative velocity before collision

Relative velocity after collision
c) None of these d) Relative velocity before collision

OR
In real life most of the collisions are

a) Range of coefficient of restitution is 0 b) both neither perfectly nor perfectly

<e<1 inelastic and range of coefficient of
restitution is 0 < e < 1.

c) neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly d) perfectly inelastic

inelastic

Page 5 of 18
 (iv) For perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic collision, the value of coefficient of restitution are respectively

a) +1, -1 b) 0, 1

c) 0, -1 d) 1, 0
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly
colliding and changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic
energy.

(i) If the temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 600 K then the average kinetic energy becomes:

a) same b) becomes double

c) becomes half d) none of these

(ii) What is the average velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas?

a) Infinite b) Same

c) None of these d) Zero

(iii) Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with uniform speed. The temperature of the gas
molecules inside will ________.

a) decrease b) none of these

c) increase d) remains same

(iv) Find the ratio of average kinetic energy per molecule of Oxygen and Hydrogen:

a) 1:1 b) 4:1

c) 1:2 d) 1:4
OR
The velocities of the three molecules are 3v, 4v, and 5v. calculate their root mean square velocity?

a) 4.0 v b) 4.02 v

c) 4.08 v d) 4.04 v
Section E
31. A person normally weighing 50 kg stands on a mass less platform which oscillates up and down harmonically at [5]

a frequency of 2.0 s–1 and an amplitude 5.0 cm. A weighing machine on the platform gives the persons weight
against time.
i. Will there be any change in weight of the body, during the oscillation? Figure In extensible string.

Page 6 of 18
 ii. If answer to part (a) is yes, what will be the maximum and minimum reading in the machine and at which
position?
OR
An air chamber of volume V has a neck area of cross section a into which a ball of mass m just fits and can move up
and down without any friction (Figure). Show that when the ball is pressed down a little and released, it executes
SHM. Obtain an expression for the time period of oscillations assuming pressure-volume variations of air to be
isothermal.

32. State the parallelogram law of vector addition and find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two [5]
vectors P ⃗ and Q⃗ inclined at an angle θ with each other. What happens, when θ = 0° and θ = 90°?
OR
Establish the following inequalities geometrically or otherwise

i. |A⃗ + B⃗ | ≤ ⃗ ⃗
|A| + |B|

ii. |A⃗ + B⃗ | ≥ ⃗ ⃗
||A| − |B||

iii. |A⃗ − B⃗ | ≤ ⃗ ⃗
|A| + |B|

iv. |A⃗ − B⃗ | ≥ ⃗ ⃗
||A| − |B||

When does equality sign above apply?

33. Define centre of mass. Derive an expression for the centre of mass of a two-particle system. Show that the centre [5]
of mass of two-particle system of equal masses lies at the centre of the line joining them.
OR
Calculate the moment of inertia of uniform circular disc of mass 500 g, radius 10 cm about
i. diameter of the disc
ii. the axis tangent to the disc and parallel to its diameter and
iii. the axis through the centre of the disc and perpendicular to its plane.

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A
1. (a) Force and impulse
Explanation: [Force] = [MLT-2], [Impulse] = [MLT-1]
2.
(c) 330 Hz
Explanation: 330 Hz
3.
(d) 2m

Explanation: Reduced mass

m×2m 2m
= =
m+2m 3

4.

(c)

Explanation:
The following diagram does not represent a streamline flow.

A streamline can be straight or curved and tangent at which gives the direction of the flow.
As two streamlines cannot cross each other, the given diagram does not represent a streamline.

−−− GMe
5. (a) v = √gR , where g =
e 2
Re
−−−−−
GMe
Explanation: Orbital velocity of satellite, v = √ ( Re +h)

If the satellite is close to the surface of the earth, h = 0

−−−−−−−−−
−−−−
GMe GMe
⇒ v=√ Re
⇒ v = √( 2
) Re
R
e

−−− GMe
= √gR [∵ g =
e 2
]
Re

6.
(b) 4 : 1
−
− −
−
γRT
Explanation: v = √ M

Y is same as both hydrogen and oxygen are diatomic.

−−
1
∴ v ∝ √
M
−−−
−−
vH MO
or vO
= √
MH
= √
16

1
=
4

Page 8 of 18
 7.
(c) -31.5
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 63 m/s
As it stops, so final velocity, v = 0 m/s
Time t = 2.0 s
We know that, v - u = at
v−u
|⇒ a = t
0−63
⇒ a=
2

2
⇒ a = −31.5 m/s

8.
(b) 1412 Hz
Explanation:

v−v0
′
v =
v−vs
× v =
343+10

343+5
× 1392 Hz
= 353

348
× 1392 Hz = 1412 Hz

9.
(d) water will flow down the sides of the capillary tube
Explanation: The height of a liquid in a capillary is given by
2S cos θ
h =
rρg

But if the capillary tube is of a length less than h the liquid does not overflow or came out if it is cut suddenly. The angle made
by the liquid surface with the tube changes in such a way that force due to the surface of tube on the surface of the liquid
F = 2π rS cos θ equals the weight of the liquid raised.

10.
(d) 0.49 m/s2
Explanation: For earth, g = GM

2
= 9.8 ms-2
R
M
G( )
GM
For moon, g ′
=
R
80

2
=
20
1

2
( ) R
2

= 1

20
× = 0.49 m/s2

11.
(d) 5 rads-1
Explanation:
For smaller wheel,
ω1 = ω0 + αt = 0 + 1.5× 10 = 15 rads-1

As both the wheels are connected by a belt, they have common linear velocity,
v1 = v2
r1 ω1 = r2 ω2
r1 1
ω2 = ⋅ ω1 = × 15
r2 3

= 5 rad s-1

12.
o

(c) 6000 A
′
λm
Explanation: λm
=
T

′
=
3

2
T

Page 9 of 18
 ′ 3 3
λm = λm = × 4000
2 2
o

= 6000 A.
13. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
14. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Second law of thermodynamics can be explained with the help of example of refrigerator, as we know that
refrigerator, the working substance extracts heat from colder body and rejects a large amount of heat to a hotter body with the
help of an external agency, i. e, the electric supply of the refrigerator. No refrigerator can ever work without external supply of
electric energy to it.
15.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Acceleration due to gravity is given by g = GM

2
R

Thus it does not depend on the mass of the body on which it is acting. Also, it is not a constant quantity change with a change
in the value of both M and R (distance between two bodies). Even for the earth, it is a constant only near the earth's surface.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. The wave is travelling along x-axis and its equation is given by
2π 2π 2π
y = a sin (vt − x) = a sin( vt − x)
λ λ λ

y = a sin(2πut − kx) = a sin(ωt − kx)

To determine a, ω and k:
a = 5.0 cm = 0.05m, υ = 256 Hz
w = 2π v = 2π × 256 = 1.61 × 103 s-1
m = 8.0 × 10-3 kg m-1, T = 90 × 9.8N
−− −−−−−−
T 90×9.8 −1
v = √ = √ = 332ms
m −3
8.0×10

v 332
∴ λ = = = 1.297m
υ 256

and k = 2π

λ
=
2π

1.297
= 4.84m
−1

substituting for a, ω and k in e.q. (i) we have

y = 0.05 sin (1.61 × 103 t - 4.84x)
Here, x, y are in metre and t is in second.
18. Let us assume that T ∝ m l g a b c

or, T = kmalbgc ...(i)

where, k is a dimensionless constant.
The dimensions of various quantities are
[T] = T, [m] = M,
[l] = L, and [g] = LT-2
Substitute these values in Eq.(i), we obtain
T = [M]a[L]b[LT-2]c
or, M0L0T1 = MaLb+cT-2c
Now equate the powers of M, L and T on both sides, we obtain
a = 0, b + c = 0, -2c = 1
On solving, a = 0, b = , c = − 1

2
1

2
−
−
0 1/2 −1/2 l
∴ T = km l g = k√
g

From experiments, k = 2π
−
−
l
Therefore, T = 2π√ , which is the required expression.
g

19. The dimensions of LHS are

[M] [L T–1]2 = [M] [L2 T–2]
= [M L2 T–2]

Page 10 of 18
 The dimensions of RHS are [M][L T–2] [L] = [M][L2 T–2]
= [M L2 T–2]
The dimensions of LHS and RHS are the same and hence the equation is dimensionally correct.
20. On a banked road, the horizontal component and the frictional force contribute to providing centripetal force to keep the car
moving on a circular turn without slipping. At the optimum speed, the normal reaction’s component is enough to provide the
needed centripetal force, and the frictional force is not needed. The optimum speed vo is given by Eq. v = (Rg tan θ) o
1/2

Here R = 300m, θ = 15 , g = 9.8 ms-2; We have v ∘

o = 28.1ms
−1

1/2

=38.1 ms-1
μs +tan θ
The maximum permissible speed v max is given by eq. v max = (Rg
1− μs tan θ
)

.....
→ 
Gm1 m2
21. F 12 =
2
r21 ......(1)
r

→ 
Gm1 m2
F21 =
2
r12 ........(2)
r

^
& (1) and (2) cam be written as (a
^ =
1a1
a
)

→ →
Gm1 m2
F12 = r21
3
r
→
Gm1 m2 →
F21 = r12
3
r
→ →
Since r 12 = r21
→ →
−Gm1 m2
→ F21 = r21
3
r
→ →
→ F21 = − F12

Hence proved.
OR
Suppose M be the mass of the sun and R be the distance of the earth from the sun, then escape velocity,
−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−

ms-1
2GM −11 30

ve =
√
R =√ 2×6.67× 10

11
×2× 10

1.5×10

−−−−−
= √ 4×6.67 ×
10 ms
4 −1
= 4.217 × 10 ms
4 −1

1.5

−1
ve = 42.17 kms

∴ The escape speed for the solar system is 42.17 kms −1

Section C
22. When the plug is removed
−−−
velocity of efflux v = √2gh
−−−−−−−−−
Here, h = 8.0m , ∴v = √2 × 9.8 × 8 = 12.52ms −1

2
πd
∴ Rate of volume flow of water = Av = 4
v

The rate of flow of water may be taken as to be uniform throughout as cross-section area of reservoir is too large,
∴ amount of water flown in time t = 1h = 3600s
2
2 3.140×(0.02) ×12.52×3600
πd
V = Avt = vt =
4 4

3
= 14.2m

23. i. Total heat supplied to sample ΔQ = 300 J and rise in temperature ΔT = T2 - T1 = 45 - 25 = 20°C

= 15 JoC-1
ΔQ 300
∴ Thermal capacity of substance is given as = ΔT
=
20

ii. mass, m = 25 g = 0.025 kg

= 600 Jkg-1 oC-1
ΔQ
∴ Specific heat capacity, c = 1

m
⋅
ΔT
= 1

0.025
× 15

iii. Number of moles in 25 g sample of 50 g/mol is

25
μ=
50
= 0.5 moles
= 30 Jmol-1 0C-1.
1 ΔQ 1
∴ Molar heat capacity C = μ ΔT
= 0.5
× 15

24. Given that, u = 0, a = 1 ms-2

The distance covered in nth second is,

Page 11 of 18
 Dn = u + a

2
(2n - 1)
Dn = 0 + 1

2
(2n - 1)
= 0.5(2n - 1)
Putting n = 1, 2, 3......., we can find the value of Dn.
The various values of n and corresponding values of Dn are shown below.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Dn 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5

On plotting a graph between Dn and n, we get a straight line AB as shown in the figure. Upto 10 sec, during accelerated uniform
motion, the graph remains straight line inclined with some angle w.r.t. time axis.
After 10 sec, the automobile moves with uniform velocity, hence the graph becomes a straight line BC parallel to the time axis.
25. i. By using ball bearings between the moving parts of a machinery, the sliding friction gets converted into rolling friction. The
rolling friction is much smaller than sliding friction. This reduces power dissipation.
ii. When the horse cart is stationary, the muscular force provided by the horse is used to overcome the static friction as well as to
provide acceleration to the cart.
As the cart begins to move, the friction becomes lesser since it is rolling friction and the muscular force of the horse is utilised
to only overcome this friction.
Hence, initially to set the cart in motion, the horse needs to do more work than, when the cart is in motion.
iii. When the circular track is banked, the horizontal component of the normal reaction of the road provides the necessary
centripetal force for the vehicle to move it along the curved path. This reduces wear and tear of the tyres.
26. Yes, specific heat of gas depends on thermodynamic processes as given below,
If m = Mass of gas
Q = heat supplied
ΔT = Change in temperature

f = Degree of freedom
1) For the Isobaric process ( ΔP = 0)
f
Cp = ( 2
+ 1)R
2) For isochoric process ( ΔV = 0)
fR
Cv = 2

3) For Isothermal process ( ΔT = 0 )

Q Q
C = = = inf inite
mΔT m×0

4) For Adiabatic process ( ΔQ = 0 )

ΔQ
C = = 0
mΔT

Hence, depending upon conditions of heating. The value of C will be different.

Page 12 of 18
27.

Let the horizontal speed of the ball is ums its vertical component will be zero.
−1

Consider the motion off ball vertically downward

Here, mass of ball, mb=1kg, Mass of gun, MG = 100 kg
ub = initial velocity of ball,
vb = final velocity of ball,
vg = final velocity of gun

u = 0, s = h = 500 m, g = 10 s m-2
1 2
s = ut + at
2
1 2 2 500
500 = a × t + × 10t ⇒ t = = 100
2 5
−−−
t = √100 = 10 sec

Horizontal distance covered by the ball is x = u × 10

400 = v × 10 ⇒ v = 40m/sec

By the law of conservation of momentum

mb uj + MG ug = mb vb + MG vG

⇒ mb × 0 + MG × 0 = 1 × 40 + 100vG

100 vG = - 40

= - 0.4 ms-1 i.e opposite to the speed of ball.

−40 −2
Recoil velocity of Gun= 100
ms
−1
=
5
ms
−1

28. i. Recommended gauge pressure = Pressure recommended in the manual Pg = 200kPa.

ii. Recommended absolute pressure P = Pa + Pg = 101 kPa + 200 kPa = 301 kPa.

[∴ Atmospheric pressure Pa = 1.01 × 105 Pa = 101 kPa]

iii. At the mountain peak the atmospheric pressure is 10% below that at sea level, hence new atmospheric pressure
90
P'a = 100
× 101 kPa = 91 kPa.
Presuming that the absolute pressure in the tyre has not changed during the drive, the new gauge pressure
P'g = P - P'a = 301 kPa - 91 kPa = 210 kPa.
OR
Magnus effect, generation of a sidewise force on a spinning cylindrical or spherical solid immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas) when
there is relative motion between the spinning body and the fluid. It is responsible for the “curve” of a served tennis ball or a driven
golf ball and affects the trajectory of a spinning artillery shell.
A spinning object moving through a fluid departs from its straight path because of pressure differences that develop in the fluid as
a result of velocity changes induced by the spinning body. The Magnus effect is a particular manifestation of Bernoulli's
theroem, fluid pressure decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases. In the case of a ball spinning through the air, the
turning ball drags some of the air around with it. Viewed from the position of the ball, the air is rushing by on all sides. The
drag of the side of the ball turning into the air (into the direction the ball is traveling) retards the airflow, whereas on the other side
the drag speeds up the airflow. Greater pressure on the side where the airflow is slowed down forces the ball in the direction of the
low-pressure region on the opposite side, where a relative increase in airflow occurs.

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Page 13 of 18
 Certain collisions are referred to as elastic collisions. Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy
are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system kinetic energy after the collision. If total
kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an inelastic collision.
The coefficient of restitution, denoted by (e), is the measure of degree elasticity of collision. It is defined as the ratio of the final to
inital relative speed between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a perfectly elastic
collision. A perfectly inelastic collision has a coefficient of 0. In real life most of the collisions are neither perfectly elastic nor
perfectly inealstic and 0 < e < 1.
(i) (b) Elastic since momentum is conserved
Explanation: From the given data kinetic energy is 800000 Joules, before and after collision and momentum is
40000 kg m/s before and after the collision. So the collision is elastic.
(ii) (c) degree of elasticity of collision
Explanation: degree of elasticity of collision
(iii) (d)
Relative velocity after collision

Relative velocity before collision

Relative velocity after collision

Explanation: Relative velocity before collision

OR
(b) both neither perfectly nor perfectly inelastic and range of coefficient of restitution is 0 < e < 1.
Explanation: both neither perfectly nor perfectly inelastic and range of coefficient of restitution is 0 < e < 1.
(iv) (d) 1, 0
Explanation: 1, 0
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly colliding and
changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic energy.

(i) (b) becomes double

Explanation: becomes double
(ii) (d) Zero
Explanation: Zero
(iii) (d) remains same
Explanation: remains same
(iv) (a) 1:1
Explanation: 1:1
OR
(c) 4.08 v
Explanation: 4.08 v
Section E
31. a. Weight in weight machine will be due to the normal reaction (N) by platform. Consider the top position of platform, two
forces acting on it are due to weight of person and oscillator. They both act downward.

Page 14 of 18
 (mg = weight of the person with the oscillator is acting downwards, ma = force due to oscillation is acting upwards, N =
normal reaction force acting upwards)
Now for the downward motion of the system with an acceleration a,
ma = mg - N .....(i)
When platform lifts form its lowest position to upward
ma = N - mg ......(ii)
a = ω A is value of acceleration of oscillator
2

∴ From equation (i) we get,

2
N = mg − mω A

Where A is amplitude, ω angular frequency and m mass of oscillator.

ω = 2πν

∴ ω = 2π × 2 = 4π rad/sec

Again using A = 5 cm = 5 × 10 −2
m we get
−2
N = 50 × 9.8 − 50 × 4π × 4π × 5 × 10

= 50 [9.8 − 16π
2
× 5 × 10
−2
] N
= 50 [9.8 − 80 × 3.14 × 3.14 × 10
−2
] N
⇒ N = 50[9.8 − 7.89] = 50 × 1.91 = 95.50N

So minimum weight is 95.50 N(for downward motion of the platform)

From equation (ii), N – mg = ma
For upward motion from the lowest to the highest point of oscillator,
N = mg + ma

2 2
= m [9.81 + ω A] ∵ a= ω A

2 −2
= 50 [9.81 + 16π × 5 × 10 ]

= 50[9.81 + 7.89] = 50 × 17.70 N = 885 N

Hence, there is a change in weight of the body during oscillation.
b. The maximum weight is 885 N, when platform moves from lowest to upward direction.
And the minimum weight is 95.5 N, when platform moves from the highest point to downward direction.
OR
Given
⇒ Volume of the air chamber = V

⇒ Area of cross-section of the neck = a

⇒ Mass of the ball = m
The pressure inside the chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Let the ball be depressed by x units. As a result of this depression, there would be a decrease in the volume and an increase in the
pressure inside the chamber.
Decrease in the volume of the air chamber, ΔV = ax
Change in volume
⇒ Volumetric strain = Original valume

ΔV ax
⇒ =
V V
−p
⇒ Bulk Modulus of air, B = Stress

Strain
= ax

In this case, stress is the increase in pressure. The negative sign indicates that pressure increases with a decrease in volume.
−Bax
⇒ p =
V

⇒ The restoring force acting on the ball, F = p × a

2
−Ba x
=
V

In simple harmonic motion, the equation for restoring force is:

⇒ F = -kx … (ii)

Where k is the spring constant

Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:

Page 15 of 18
 2
Ba
=
V
−−
⇒ Time period, T = 2π√
m

−−−
Vm
= 2π√
2
Ba

32. Let us begin with the parallelogram law of vector addition.

The law states that if two vector quantities are represented by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram then the resultant of these two
vectors will be the diagonal of the parallelogram.
Let us try and understand how this works:

Let the two vectors P ⃗ and Q⃗ acting from the same point O be represented both in magnitude and direction as two adjacent sides
OA and OD of a parallelogram OABD.
Let the angle between the two vectors be θ.
According to our definition of the parallelogram law of vector addition, the diagonal of the parallelogram OB represents the
resultant of P ⃗ and Q⃗ . Thus, let the resultant of the two vectors be represented by R⃗ that is at an angle ϕ with P ⃗.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
R = P + Q

The sides AB = OD = |Q| and OA = BD = |P | and diagonal OB = |R|

Consider the right angle triangle OBC. From the Pythagorean theorem.
OB2 = OC2 + BC2 = (OA + AC)2 + BC2
Consider the triangle ABC:
cos θ =
AC

AB
⇒ AC = AB cos θ = OD cos θ ⇒ AC = |Q| cos θ
Also sin θ = BC
⇒ BC = AB sin θ = OD sin θ ⇒ BC = |Q ∣ sin θ
AB

Substituting the AC and BC expressions in the OB2 Pythagorean theorem, we get:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
|R| = (|P | + |Q| cos θ) + (|Q| sin θ) = |P | + 2|P ∥Q| cos θ + |Q| (cos θ + sin θ) = |P | + 2|P ∥Q| cos θ + |Q|

Therefore, the magnitude of the resultant

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
|R| = √|P | + 2|P ||Q| cos θ + |Q|

Now let us find the direction of the resultant:

BC BC |Q| sin θ
From triangle ABC tan ϕ = OC
=
OA+AC
=
|P |+|Q| cos θ

Therefore, the direction of the resultant with respect to P ⃗ is given by

|Q| sin θ
−1
ϕ = tan ( )
|P |+|Q| cos θ

We have thus obtained the magnitude and direction of the resultant R⃗

Now, when θ = 0 : ∘

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
−−−−−−−− −
2
|R| = √|P | + 2|P ||Q| cos 0 + |Q| = √|P | + 2|P ||Q| + |Q| = √(|P | + |Q|) ⇒ |R| = |P | + |Q|

= tan-1(0) = 0
|Q| sin 0
−1
ϕ = tan ( )
|P |+|Q| cos 0

Thus, in this case, the magnitude of the resultant vector will be the sum of the magnitudes of the adjacent vectors and the resultant
lies in the direction of P ⃗
And finally, when θ = 90o:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2 2
|R| = √|P | + 2|P ||Q| cos 90 + |Q| = √|P | + |Q| = √(|P | + |Q| )

|Q| sin 90 Q
−1 −1
ϕ = tan ( ) = tan ( )
|P |+|Q| cos 90 P

(since sin 0o = 0, cos 0o = 1, sin90o = 1, cos 90o = 0, tan 0o = 0)

OR

Page 16 of 18
 −
−→ −
−→
Consider two vectors A⃗ and B⃗ be represented by the sides OP and OQ of a parallelogram OPSQ. According to parallelogram
−→
law of vector addition, (A⃗ + B⃗ ) will be represented by OS as shown in figure.
Thus, OP = |A|,⃗ OQ = PS = |B⃗ |
and OS = |A⃗ + B⃗ |
i. To prove |A⃗ + B⃗ | ⃗ ⃗
≤ |A| + |B|

We know that the length of one side of a triangle is always less than the sum of the lengths of the other two sides. Hence from
△QPS, we have

OS < OP + PS
⇒ OS < OP + OQ

or |A⃗ + B⃗ | < |A|⃗ + |B⃗ | ...(i)

If the two vectors A⃗ and B⃗ are acting along the same straight line and in the same direction.
or |A⃗ + B⃗ | = |A|⃗ + |B⃗ | ...(ii)

Combining the conditions mentioned in Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have |A⃗ + B⃗ | ⃗ ⃗
≤ |A| + |B|

ii. To prove |A⃗ + B⃗ | ≥ ||A|⃗ + |B⃗ ||

From △OPS, we have
OS + PS > OP or OS > |OP - PS|
or OS > |OP - OQ| ...(iii) [∵ PS = OQ]
The modulus of (OP - PS) has been taken because the LHS is always positive but the RHS may be negative if
OP < PS. Thus, from Eq. (iii) we have
⃗ ⃗
|A + B| > ||A|⃗ − |B⃗ || ...(iv)
If the two vectors A and B are acting along a straight line in opposite directions, then
⃗ ⃗
|A + B| = ||A|⃗ − |B⃗ || ...(v)
Combining the conditions mentioned in Eqs. (iv) and (v) we get |A⃗ + B⃗ | ⃗ ⃗
≥ ||A| − |B||

iii. To prove |A⃗ − B⃗ | ⃗ ⃗

≤ |A| + |B|
→ → →
In figure, A⃗ = (OP ), −B⃗ = OT = P R
and (A - B) = OR
From ΔORP , we note that OR < OP + PR.
→
or |A⃗ − B⃗ | < |A|⃗ + |−B|
or |A⃗ − B⃗ | < |A|⃗ + |B⃗ | ...(vi)
If the two vectors are acting along a straight line. But in the opposite direction, then
⃗ ⃗
|A − B|= |A|⃗ + |B⃗ | ...(vii)
Combined the conditions mentioned in Eqs. (vi) and (vii), we get
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
|A − B| ≤ |A| + |B|

iv. To prove |A⃗ − B⃗ | ≥ |A|⃗ + |B⃗ |

In figure from ΔOP R , we note that [∵OT = PR]
OR + PR > OP or OR > |OP - PR|
or OR > |OP - OT| ...(viii)
The modulus of (OP - OT) has been taken because LHS is positive and RHS may be negative if
OP < OT. From Eq. (viii), we have
⃗ ⃗
|A − B| > |A|⃗ − |B⃗ | ...(ix)

Page 17 of 18
 If the two vectors A⃗ and B⃗ are acting along the same straight line in the same direction, then
⃗ ⃗
|A − B| = |A|⃗ − |B⃗ | ...(x)
Combining the conditions mentioned in Eqs. (ix) and (x), we get |A⃗ − B⃗ | ⃗ ⃗
≥ |A| − |B|

→
33. Centre of mass of a two particle-system: Consider a system of two particles P1 and P2 of masses m1 and m2 Let r ⃗ and 1 r2 be their
position vectors with respect to the origin O, as shown in Fig.
The position vector R⃗ CM of the centre of mass C of the two-particle system is given by
→ →
m1 r1 + m2 r2
⃗
RCM =
m1 + m2

i. The above equation shows that the position vector of the centre of mass a system of particles is the weighted average of the
position vectors of the particles making the system, each particle making a contribution proportional to its mass.
ii. We can write the above equation as (m + m ) R⃗ = m r⃗ + m r⃗ 1 2 CM 1 1 2 2

Thus the product of the total mass of the sy­stem and the sum of the position vector of its centre of mass is equal to the
products of individual masses and their respective vectors.
iii. If m1 = m2 = m (say), then
→ →
r1 + r2
⃗
RCM =
2

Thus the centre of mass of two equal masses lies exactly at the centre of the line joining the two masses.
iv. If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the coordinates of the locations of the two particles, the coordinates of their centre of mass are given
m1 x1 + m2 x2 m1 y1 + m2 y2
by x CM =
m1 + m2
and y
CM =
m1 + m2

OR
i. M.I. of the disc about any diameter,
= 12500 g cm2
1 2 1 2
Id = MR = × 500 × (10)
4 4

ii. By theorem of parallel axes, M.I. of the disc about a tangent parallel to the diameter of the disc,
I = Id + MR2 = I = I 2 5 2 5 2
d + MR = MR = × 500 × (10)
4 4

= 62500 g cm2
iii. M.I. of the disc about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to its plane,
1 2 1 2
I = MR = × 500 × (10)
2 2

= 25000 g cm2

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 2

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The number of significant digits in 0.2370 is [1]

a) 4 b) 3

c) 5 d) 6
2. A point source emits sound equally in all directions in a non-absorbing medium. Two points P and Qare at [1]
distances of 2 m and 3 m respectively from the source. The ratio of the intensities of the waves at P and Q is:

a) 4 : 9 b) 2 : 3

c) 3 : 2 d) 9 : 4
3. A solid sphere is rotating freely about its symmetry axis in free space. The radius of the sphere is increased [1]
keeping its mass the same. Which of the following physical quantities would remain constant for the sphere?

a) Angular velocity b) Angular momentum

c) Rotational kinetic energy d) Moment of inertia

4. If a liquid does not wet glass, its angle of contact is [1]

a) zero b) right angle

c) obtuse d) acute
5. If V is the gravitational potential on the surface of the earth, then what is its value at the centre of the earth? [1]

a) 2

3
V b) 3 V

Page 1 of 18
 c) 3

2
V d) 2 V
6. Two waves represented by Y1 = a1 sin ωt and Y2 = a2 (sin ωt +Δ) and Δ = are superimposed at a point at a [1]
π

particular instant. The amplitude of the resultant wave is:

−−−−−−
a) a1 + a2 b) √a
2
1
− a
2
2

−−−−−−
c) √a 2
1
2
+ a
2
d) a1 − a2

7. What will be ratio of speed in first two seconds to the speed in next 4 seconds? [1]

–
a) √2 : 1 b) 3 : 1

c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 2
8. A stretched string is vibrating according to equation, y = where y and a are in cm and t in [1]
πx
5 sin( ) cos 4πt
2

secs. The distance between two consecutive nodes on the string is

a) 4 cm b) 8 cm

c) 16 cm d) 2 cm
9. The velocity of efflux of a liquid through an orifice in the bottom of the tank does not depend upon [1]

a) none of these b) acceleration due to gravity

c) height of liquid d) size of orifice

10. At what distance from the centre of the moon, the intensity of gravitational field will be zero? Take masses of [1]
earth and moon as 5.98 × 1024 kg and 7.35 × 1022 kg respectively and distance between moon and earth is 3.85

× 108m.

a) Zero b) 3.46 × 108m

c) 8 × 108m d) 3.85 × 107 m

11. If I1 and I2 be the moments of inertia of two bodies of identical geometrical shape, the first is made of [1]

aluminium and the second of iron, then

a) l1 > l2 b) l1 < l2

c) relation between l1 and l2 depends on the d) l1 = l2

central shapes of the bodies
12. For a black body at temperature of 727° C, its radiating power is 60 W and temperature of surroundings is [1]
227°C. If temperature of black body is changed to 1,227°C, then its radiating power will be

a) 304 W b) 240 W

c) 120 W d) 320 W
13. Assertion: If collision occurs between two elastic bodies their kinetic energy decreases during the time of [1]
impact.
Reason: During impact, intermolecular distance decreases and hence elastic potential energy increases.

Page 2 of 18
 a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion: The specific heat of a gas in an adiabatic process is zero but it is infinite in an isothermal process. [1]
Reason: Specific heat of a gas is directly proportional to heat exchanged with the system and inversely
proportional to change in temperature.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): Planet is a heavenly body revolving around the sun. [1]
Reason (R): Star is luminous body made of gaseous material.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): The cross product of a vector with itself is a null vector. [1]
Reason (R): The cross-product of two vectors results in a vector quantity.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. State few important uses of the phenomenon of beats. [2]
18. A large fluid star oscillates in shape under the influence of its own gravitational field. Using dimensional [2]
analysis, find the expression for period of oscillation (T) in terms of radius of star (R), mean density of fluid (ρ )
and universal gravitational constant (G).
19. The wavelength λ associated with a moving particle depends upon its mass m, its velocity v and Planck’s [2]
constant h. Show dimensional relation between them.

20. A constant retarding force of 50 N is applied to a body of mass 20 kg moving initially with a speed of 15 ms-1. [2]
How long does the body take to stop?
21. Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 1000 kg are at a distance 1 m apart. At which point on the line joining them [2]
will the gravitational field intensity be zero?
OR

The acceleration due to gravity at the moon's surface is 1.67 ms-2. If the radius of the moon is 1.74 x 106 m, then
calculate the mass of the moon.
Section C
22. State and prove the equation of continuity for steady flow of an ideal fluid. [3]
23. How does the coefficient of cubical expansion of a substance vary with temperature? Draw γ versus T curve for [3]

Page 3 of 18
 copper.
24. A particle length executes the motion described by x(t) = x0 (1 − e
−rt
) ; t ≥ 0, x0 > 0 [3]
a. where does the particle start and with what velocity?
b. find the maximum and minimum values of x(t), v(t), a(t). Show that x(t) and a(t) increases with time and v(t)
decreases with time.
Main concept used: By calculating v(t) and a(t) with the help of x(t), then determining the maximum and
minimum value of x(t),v(t) and a(t).
25. A railway car of mass 20 tonne moves with an initial speed of 54 kmh-1. On applying brakes, a constant negative [3]

acceleration of 0.3 ms-2 is produced.

a. What is the braking force acting on the railway car?
b. In what time will it stop?
c. What distance will be covered by railway car before it finally stops?
26. Find out whether these phenomena are reversible or not. [3]
i. Waterfall and
ii. Rusting of iron

27. a. Define impulse. State its S.I. unit. [3]

b. State and prove impulse-momentum theorem.
[3]
gf
28. Calculate the total energy possessed by one kg of water at a point where the pressure is 20 2
, velocity is 0.1
mm

ms-1 and the height is 50 cm above the ground level.

OR

A rectangular tank is 10 m long, 5 m broad and 3 m high. It is filled to the rim with water of density 103 kg m-3.
Calculate the thrust at the bottom and walls of the tank due to hydrostatic pressure. Take g = 9.8 ms-2.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In everyday life, the term work is used to refer to any form of activity that requires the exertion of mental or
muscular efforts. In physics, work is said to be done by a force or against the direction of the force, when the
point of application of the force moves towards or against the direction of the force. If no displacement takes
place, no work is said to be done.

(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N resistance. How much work is done by the
applied force?

a) 100 J b) 300 J

c) 400 J d) 200 J
(ii) What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?

a) 22.5 J b) zero

Page 4 of 18
 c) 225 J d) 150 J
(iii) Frictional forces are:

a) conservative forces b) non-conservative forces

c) buoyant force d) none of these

OR
Force of 4N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done in 3rd second is:

a) 6 J b) 8 J

c) 4 J d) 2 J
(iv) When the body moves in a circular motion, net 'work' done is:

a) none of these b) positive

c) negative d) zero
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual
gas molecules and the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at
a given temperature.

(i) Moon has no atmosphere because:

a) the escape velocity of the moon’s b) it is far away from the surface of the
surface is more than the r.m.s velocity earth
of all molecules

c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas d) its surface temperature is 10oC
molecules is more than the escape
velocity of the moon’s surface
CP
(ii) For an ideal gas, CV
is

a) ≤ 1 b) none of these

c) > 1 d) < 1
–
(iii) The root means square velocity of hydrogen is √5 times that of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas
then:

a) T(H2) = T(N2) b) T(H2) < T(N2)

c) none of these d) T(H2) > T(N2)

(iv) Suppose the temperature of the gas is tripled and N2 molecules dissociate into an atom. Then what will be

Page 5 of 18
 the rms speed of atom:
–
a) none of these b) v0 √6

–
c) v0 √3 d) v0

OR
The velocities of the molecules are v, 2v, 3v, 4v & 5v. The RMS speed will be:

a) 11 v b) v(12)11

c) v d) v(11)12

Section E
31. Fig. (a) shows a spring of force constant k clamped rigidly at one end and a mass m attached to its free end. A [5]
force F applied at the free end stretches the spring. Fig. (b) shows the same spring with both ends free and
attached to a mass m at either end. Each end of the spring in Fig. (b) is stretched by the same force F

i. What is the maximum extension of the spring in the two cases?

ii. If the mass in Fig. (a) and the two masses in Fig. (b) are released, then what is the period of oscillation in
each case?
OR
A particle executes simple harmonic motion of amplitude A.
i. At what distance from the mean position is its kinetic energy equal to its potential energy?
ii. At what points is its speed half the maximum speed?

32. On an open ground, a motorist follows a track that turns to his left by an angle of 60o after every 500 m. Starting [5]
from a given turn, specify the displacement of the motorist at the third, sixth and eighth turn. Compare the
magnitude of the displacement with the total path length covered by the motorist in each case.
OR
A particle falling vertically from a height hits a plane surface inclined to horizontal at an angle with speed v and
0

rebounds elastically as shown in the figure. Find the distance along the plane where it will hit the second time.

Hint:
i. After rebound, particle still has speed V0 to start.
ii. Work out angle particle speed has with horizontal after it rebounds.
iii. Rest is similar to if particle is projected up the incline.]

Page 6 of 18
33. Find the components along the x, y, z axes of the angular momentum l of a particle, whose position vector is r [5]
with components x, y, z and momentum is p with components px, py and pz. Show that if the particle moves only

in the x-y plane the angular momentum has only a z-component.

OR
A solid disc and a ring, both of radius 10 cm are placed on a horizontal table simultaneously, with initial angular

speed equal to 10π rad s-1. Which of the two will start to roll earlier? The co-efficient of kinetic friction is μ = 0.2.
k

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A

1. (a) 4
Explanation: There are three rules on determining how many significant figures are in a number:
Non-zero digits are always significant.
Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant.
So keeping these rules in mind, there are 4 significant digits.
2.
(d) 9 : 4
energy power
Explanation: Intensity = time × area
=
area

From a point source, energy spreads over the surface of a sphere of radius r.
∴ Intensity, I =
P P
=
2
A 4πr

or I ∝ 1

2
r
2 2
I1 r2 3 9
= ( ) = ( ) =
I2 r1 2 4

3.
(b) Angular momentum
2
Explanation: I = 5
MR
2

dL
τext =
dt
= 0 ⇒ L = constant
∴ Angular momentum remains constant.
4.
(c) obtuse
Explanation: The angle of contact is obtuse for a liquid that does not wet glass.
5.
3
(c) 2
V
GM
Explanation: V = − R

Vcentre = − 3

2
GM

3
(3R
2
− r )
2

R
3 GM
=− 2 3
(3R
2
− 0)
R

=− 3

2
GM

R
= −
3

2
V

6.
−−−−−−
(c) √a 2
1
+ a
2
2

Explanation: Resultant amplitude is given by

2 2 2
A = a + a + 2a1 a2 cos Δ
1 2

where Δ is phase difference between two waves.

here Δ = π

thus A2 = a 1 + a
2 2
2
−−−−−−
A = √a 2
1
+ a
2
2

7.
(c) 2 : 1
Explanation: Magnitude of slope of distance-time graph gives the speed of the particle.
BO
Slope of line AB, m1 = AO
=
x

Thus speed in first two seconds, v1 ​= ∣m1∣ = x

−BO −x
Slope of line BC, m2 = CO
=
4

Page 8 of 18
 Thus speed in first two seconds, v2 ​= ∣m2∣ = x

4
x

v1
Thus ratio of speed v2
= x
2
=
2

1
4

8.
(d) 2 cm
Explanation: y = 5 sin( πx

2
) cos 4πt

y = a sin kx cos ω t
2π π
∴ k = =
λ 2

⇒ λ = 4 cm
∴ Distance between two consecutive nodes

= = 2 cm
λ

9.
(d) size of orifice
−−−
Explanation: Velocity of efflux, v = √2gh
Clearly, it does not depend on the size of the orifice.
10.
(d) 3.85 × 107 m
Explanation: Let the gravitational intensity be zero at distance x from the centre of the moon.
GMm GMe
Then 2
=
2
x (r − x)

22 24
7.35 × 10 5.98 × 10
=
2 8 2
x (3.85 × 10 −x)

8 −−−−−−−
2
3.85 × 10 −x 5.98 × 10
= √
x 7.35
8 −−
3.85 × 10

x
− 1 ≃ √81 =9
x = 3.85 × 107 m
11.
(b) l1 < l2
Explanation: ρ Al
< ρFe

⇒ MAl < MFe

⇒ I1 < I2

12.
(d) 320 W
Explanation: According to Stefan's Boltzmann's law,
E = σ (T
4
− T
0
4
) ,E ′
= σ (T
′4
− T
0
4
)
4 4 4 4
′ T −T (1227+273) −(227+273)
E 0
∴ = =
E 4 4 4 4
T −T (727+273) −(227+273)
0

4 4
1500 − 500
E
′
=
4 4
× 60 [E = 60 W]
1000 − 500

= 320 W
13. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
14. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: A heavenly body revolving round the sun is called a planet and there are nine planets in our solar system. A
heavenly body made of gaseous material and luminous due to its own energy is called a star.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: According to statement of reason, A⃗ × B⃗ = AB sin θ.

Page 9 of 18
 As B⃗ = A⃗ , angle between A⃗ × A⃗ , θ = 0. Therefore,
⃗
A × A
⃗
= A sin 0o = 0⃗ i.e. the cross product of a vector with itself is zero.
Section B
17. Some important uses of beats phenomenon are as follows:
i. Principle of beats enables us to tune one musical instrument by sounding it against a standard frequency.
ii. We may determine the frequency of a tuning fork by studying beats formed with another tuning fork of known frequency.
iii. Principle of beats is made use of in heterodyne method of radio reception.
18. Let the period of oscillation T of a large fluid star depends on the radius of star, R, the mean density of fluid, ρ and universal
gravitational constant, G as:
T = k Ra ρ b Gc, where k is a dimensionless constant and a, b, c are their exponents.
Now, equating the dimensions on both the sides, we have,
[M0 L0 T1] = [L]a [M L-3]b [M-1 L3 T-2]c = Mb-c La-3b+3c T-2c
On comparing powers of M, L and T on both sides, we get,
b - c = 0 ...(i)
a - 3b + 3c = 0 ...(ii)
and - 2c = 1 ...(iii)
On simplifying these equations, we get c = − , b = − 1

2
1

2
and a = 0
1 1
− −
Thus, period of oscillation, T = kρ 2 G 2 = k

√ρG

This is the required expression.

19. Suppose wavelength λ associated with a moving particle depends upon (i) its mass (m), (ii) its velocity (v) and (iii) Planck’s
constant (h), then
λ = km v h ..(1)
a b c

where, k is a dimensionless constant.

Representing the above equation in terms of its dimensions, we get
[M0L1T0] = [M]a[LT-1]b[ML2T-1]c
⇒ [M0L1T0] = Ma+cLb+2cT-b-c ..(2)
Comparing power of M, L and T on both sides of equation (2), we get
a + c = 0, b + 2c = 1, - b - c = 0
we get a = -1, b = -1, c = + 1
putting the value of a,b, and c in equation (1), we get
−1 −1 1
λ = km v h
kh
λ =
mv
kh
Hence, the relation becomes λ = mv
and it gives the de broglie wavelength of a moving particle.
20. Retarding force, F = -50 N
Mass of the body, m = 20 kg
Initial velocity of the body, u = 15 m/s
Final velocity of the body, v = 0
Using Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration (a) produced in the body can be calculated as:
F = ma
-50 = 20 × a
−50 2
∴ a= = −2.5m/s
20

Using the first equation of motion, the time (t) taken by the body to come to rest can be calculated as:
v= u + at
−u −15
∴ t = =
a −2.5

=6s
21. Let the resultant gravitational intensity be zero at distance x from the mass of 10 kg on the line joining the centres of the two
bodies. At this point, the gravitational intensities due to the two bodies must be equal and opposite.
G×10 G × 1000
∴ =
2 2
x (1 − x)

or 100 x2 = (1 - x)2 or 10x = 1 - x

1
or 11x = 1 or x = 11
m

Page 10 of 18
 OR
2
gR
g= GM

2
or M = G
R

This relation is true not only to the earth but for any heavenly body which is assumed to be spherical.
Now, g = 1.67ms , R = 1.74 × 10 m
−2 6

−11 −2 −2
G = 6.67 × 10 Nm kg
2
6
1.67×(1.74× 10 )

∴ Mass of the moon, M = −11

kg
6.67×10

22
= 7.58 × 10 kg

Section C

22.

According to the equation of continuity, if there is no source or sink along the length of a pipe then for steady flow of an ideal
fluid the mass of the fluid crossing any section of the pipe per unit time is always constant. Mathematically,
A1 v1 p1 = A2 v2 ρ2 = a constant
Consider steady flow of an ideal fluid through a pipe (or tube) PRQ of varying cross-section. Let us consider flow of fluid across
any two transverse sections, say at P and Q, of the pipe having areas A1 and A2, where velocity of fluid flow is v1 and v2,
respectively.
∴ Volume of fluid crossing the area A1 per unit time at section P = A1v1

Similarly, volume of fluid crossing the area A2 per unit time at section Q = A2v2.
If ρ 1 and ρ 2 be the densities of the given fluid at two sections, the mass of the fluid entering per unit time at section P is m1 =
A1v1ρ 1 and mass of the fluid leaving per unit time at section Q is m2 = A2v2 ρ 2
If there is no source or sink of fluid within the pipe, i.e., the flow is steady one, then from the law of conservation of matter, it
follows that
m1 = m2
∴ A1 v1 ρ1 = A2 v2 ρ2 .......(1)
which is the general form of the equation of continuity.
For flow of an ideal incompressible liquid, the liquid density at both the cross-sections remains constant i.e., ρ 1 = ρ2 .
Thus, equation of continuity may be expressed as A v = A v .................(2)
1 1 2 2

From this equation, it is clear that at narrower portion of a pipe the velocity of flow increases and vice-versa.
23. Variation of γ with temperature. For a given substance, y varies with temperature. Figure shows the variation of the coefficient of
cubical expansion of copper with temperature. The value of y first increases with temperature and then becomes constant at a high
temperature (above 500 K).

Materials γ (K-1) Materials γ (K-1)

Aluminium 7 × 10-5 Hard rubber 2.4 × 10-4

Brass 6 × 10-5 Invar 2 × 10-6

Iron 3.55 × 10-5 Mercury 18.2 × 10-5

Paraffin 58.8 × 10-5 Water 20.7 × 10-5

Ordinary Glass 2.5 × 10-5 Ethyl alcohol 110 × 10-5

Pyrex Glass 1 × 10-5

Page 11 of 18
 Table gives the average values of y for some common substances in the temperature range 0 - 100 °C. It can be noted that solids
and liquids have small values of γ . The materials pyrex glass and invar (an alloy of iron and nickel) have still smaller values of γ .
Ethyl alcohol has a higher value of y than mercury and expands more than mercury for the same rise of temperature.

24. a. When t = 0; x(t) = x0(1 - e-0) = x0(1 - 1) = 0

−0
x(t = 0) = x0 γe = x0 γ(1) = γx0

b. x(t) is maximum when t = ∞[x(t)] = x max 0

x(t) is minimum when t = 0[x(t)]min = 0

v(t) is maximum when t = 0; v(0) = x γ 0

v(t) is minimum when t = ∞; v(∞) = 0

a(t) is maximum when t = ∞; a(∞) = 0
a(t) is minimum when t = 0; a(0) = −x γ 0
2

25. Here it is given that mass of the railway car, m = 20 tonne = 20000 kg, initial speed u = 54 km h-1 = 15 m s-1, acceleration a = -0.3
m s-2 and final velocity v = 0.
a. The braking force on railway car F = ma = 20000 × (-0.3) = - 6000 N
where the negative sign shows that the force is opposing the motion.
b. From relation v - u = at, we get
v−u 0−15
t = =
a
= 50 seconds
(−0.3)

c. Using the relation v2 - u2 = 2as, we get

(0)2 - (15)2 = 2 × (−0.3) × s
⇒ −225 = −0.6s
225
s= = 375m
0.6

Thus, total distance travelled before stopping is equal to 375 m.

26. i. Waterfall: The falling of water cannot be reversible process. During the water fall, its potential energy convert into kinetic
energy of the water. On striking the ground, some part of potential energy converts into heat and (sound not possible that heat
and the sound). In nature, it automatically convert the kinetic energy and potential energy so that the water will rise back so
waterfall is not a reversible process.
ii. Rusting of iron: In rusting of iron, the iron become oxidised with the oxygen of the air as it is a chemical reaction, it cannot
be reversed.
27. a. When a force acts on a body or on a system or on a particle for some time, then the product of the force and the time interval
is called impulse.
¯
¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
Impulse I = F × t

S.I. Unit - NS
¯
¯¯¯
Impulse is a vector quantity directed along the average force F av .
b. Impulse of a force is equal to the change in momentum of the body.
According to Newton’s second law
¯
dp̄
¯
¯¯¯
F =
dt
¯
¯¯¯
or dp̄ = F dt
¯
¯

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
Say, due to application of a force F , the momentum of a body changes from P to P in the time interval 0 to t. i.e. At t = 0
¯
¯¯¯
1 2

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
P = P 1 and at
¯
¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯
¯
t = t , P = P2
¯
¯¯¯
¯
P2 t
¯
¯¯¯
¯
¯¯
∫ dp = ∫ F dt
¯
¯¯¯
¯ 0
P1

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
P 2 − P 1 = Ft
¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯
P 2 − P 1 = I
¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯
[∵ F t = I ( Impulse )]

28. Here Pressure(P) = 20 gf mm-2 = (10-3)-2 kg f m-2 = 20 × 103 × 9.8 Nm-2 = 19.6 × 104 Nm-2
20
×
1000

Velocity (v) = 0.1 ms-1, h(Height from ground level) = 50 cm = 0.50 m, ρ = 103 kg m-3
4

Pressure energy per kg = P

ρ
=
19.6×10

3
= 196 J
10

Page 12 of 18
 Gravitational P.E. per kg = gh = 9.8 × 0.50 = 4.90 J
K.E. per kg = 1

2
v2 = 1

2
× (0.1)2 = 0.005 J
Total energy possessed by per kg of water
= P

ρ
+ gh + 1

2
v2 = 196 + 4.90 + 0.005 = 200.905 J.
OR
Given thath : A rectangular tank is 10 m long, 5 m broad and 3 m high.
So, Pressure on the bottom of the tank
= hρ g = 3 × 103 × 9.8 = 2.94 × 103 Nm-2
Area of bottom = Length × Breadth
= 10 × 5 = 50 m2
∴ Thrust on the bottom = Pressure × Area

= 2.94 × 103 × 50 = 1.47 × 106 N

The hydrostatic pressure on the walls of the tank increases uniformly from zero at the free surface of water to hρ g at the bottom of
the tank.
∴ Average hydrostatic pressure on the walls

3 × 103 × 9.8
0+hρg 1 1
= = hρg = ×
2 2 2

= 1.47 × 104 Nm-2

Now, area of broad walls is given by
= 2 × Length × Height
= 2 × 10 × 3 = 60 m2
Area of narrow walls = 2 × Breadth × Height
= 2 × 5 × 3 = 30 m2
Total area of walls = 90 m2
∴ Thrust on the walls = Average pressure × Area

= 1.47 × 106 + 1.323 × 106

= 2.793 × 106 N.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In everyday life, the term work is used to refer to any form of activity that requires the exertion of mental or muscular efforts. In
physics, work is said to be done by a force or against the direction of the force, when the point of application of the force moves
towards or against the direction of the force. If no displacement takes place, no work is said to be done.

(i) (c) 400 J

Explanation: 400 J
(ii) (b) zero
Explanation: zero
(iii) (b) non-conservative forces
Explanation: non-conservative forces
OR
(d) 2 J
Explanation: 2 J
(iv) (d) zero
Explanation: zero

Page 13 of 18
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual gas molecules and
the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at a given temperature.

(i) (c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface
Explanation: The r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface.
(ii) (c) > 1
Explanation: > 1
(iii) (b) T(H2) < T(N2)
Explanation: T(H2) < T(N2)
–
(iv) (b) v √6
0
–
Explanation: v 0 √6

OR

(d) v(11)12
Explanation: v(11)12
Section E
31. i. For Case (a), as we know that the restoring force is given by , F = -kx ⇒ |F| = kx

So, x = F

for the Case (b)

If x' is the extension in the spring, then drawing free body diagram of either mass (as the system under applied force is under
equilibrium).

kx' = F
′ F
∴ x =
k

F
In both the cases, extension is the same( k
.
)

ii. The period of oscillation in case(a)

As, restoring force(F) is given by = -kx
where, x = is the given extension
But from Newton's 2nd law of motion we know that, F = ma
∴ ma = −kx ⇒ a = − (
k

m
)x .......(i)
a ∝ −x

On comparing eq.(i) with a = -ω 2x, we get

−−
ω = √
k

m
(angular frequency or velocity of the motion)

Page 14 of 18
 −−
2π m
Period of oscillations is given by, T =
ω
= 2π√
k

Case (b)

The system is divided into two similar systems with spring divided in two equal halves, forming spring constant hence,
k' = 2k
Hence, force is , F = - k'x
Putting k' = 2k (on cutting a spring in two halves, its k doubles)
F = -2kx
But from Newton's law of motion, force is given by F = ma
∴ ma = -2kx

⇒ a= −(
2k

m
)x . . . . . (ii)

On comparing Eq.(ii) with a = -ω 2x, we get angular frequency or velocity is,

−−
2k
ω = √
m

Hence the required period of oscillation of the given question,

−−
2π m
T = = 2π√
ω 2k

OR
The potential energy and kinetic energy of a particle at a displacement y are given
1
Ep = 2
ky
2

and Ek = 1

2
k (A
2
− y )
2
...(i)
where A is the amplitude and k is the force constant.
i. As Ek = Ep

∴
1

2
k (A
2
− y )=
2 1

2
ky
2
or 2y2 = A2
or y = ± A
= ± 0.71 A
√2

= 0.71 times the amplitude on either side of the mean position.

ii. Here, v = v 1

2
max

In general, kinetic energy

2
= 1

2
mv
2
=
1

2
m(
1

2
vmax ) = 1

4
⋅
1

2
2
mvmax

= 1

4
× Maximum kinetic energy
or Ek = 1

4
× (Ek )
max
...(ii)
From equation (i),
Ek = k (A − y )
1

2
2 2

1
∴ (Ek)max = 2
kA
2
[Put y = 0]
Putting these values in equation (ii), we get
k (A − y ) =
1 2 2 1 1 2
× kA
2 4 2

or 4y2 = 3A2
√3
or y = ± 2
A= ± 0.86 A
= 0.86 times the amplitude on either side of the mean position.

32.

The path followed by the motorist is a regular hexagon with side 500 m, as shown in the given figure.
Let the motorist start from point P. The motorist takes the third turn at S.
Magnitude of displacement = PS = PV + VS = 500 + 500 = 1000 m (∵ P V = QR, V S = SR)

Page 15 of 18
Total path length, d1 = PQ + QR + RS = 500 + 500 + 500 = 1500 m
The motorist take the sixth turn at point P, which is the starting point
∴ Magnitude of displacement = 0

Total path length, d2 = PQ + QR + RS + ST + TU + UP

d2 = 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 = 3000 m
The motorist takes the eight turn at point R
∴ Magnitude of displacement = PR
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 ∘
P R = √P Q + QR + 2(P Q) ⋅ (QR) cos 60
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 ∘
P R = √500 + 500 + (2 × 500 × 500 × cos 60 )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1
P R = √250000 + 25000 + (500000 × )
2

PR = 866.03 m
∘
−1 500 sin 60 ∘
β = tan ( ∘
) = 30
500+500 cos 60

Therefore, the magnitude of displacement is 866.03 m at an angle of 30o with PR.

Total path length = Circumference of the hexagon + PQ + QR
Total path length= 6 × 500 + 500 + 500 = 4000 m
The magnitude of displacement and the total path length corresponding to the required turns is shown in the given table
Turn Magnitude of displacement (m) Total path length (m)

Third 1000 1500

Sixth 0 3000

Eighth 866.03; 30o 4000

OR
From the figure resolving the components of v0 and g, we get

vx = v0 sin θ and v = υ cos θ y 0

gx = gcosθ ,g = gsinθ acting vertically downwards

y

Consider the motion of particle from O to A in new YOY’ axis.

y = u t + ya t ​ 1

2
y
2

Where, z = 0, vy = v0 cos θ, ay = −g sin θ ​

∴ t = T ( time of flight ) , y = 0​​
1
⇒ 0 = v0 cos θT −
2
g sin θT
2
​
2v0 cos θ
⇒ T = ​
g cos θ

2v0
T =
g

Now consider the motion along OX axis.​​

2v0
x = L, ux = v0 sin θ, ax = g sin θ, t = T =
g
​
x = ux t +
1

2
ax t
2
​
2
2v5 2v0
L= [
g
] v0 sin θ +
1

2
g sin θ[
g
] ​
2 2
2υ 4v

​
0 1 0
L= sin θ + g sin θ ⋅
g 2 2
g
2 2
2v 4v

=
g
0
[sin θ + sin θ] =
g
0
sinθ ​

Page 16 of 18
 2
4v

.
0
⇒L = sin θ
g

2
4v

Hence the value of L is​​ g

0
sin θ ​.
33. lx = ypz - zpy
ly = zpx - xpz
lz = xpy - ypx
The linear momentum of the particle in cartesian coordinate, p ⃗ = p x
^ ^ ^
i + py j + pz k

Position vector of the particle in cartesian coordiantes , r ⃗ = x^i + y^ + zk

^

As we know the angular momentum of a moving particle about a point is given as, l ⃗ = r ⃗ × p ⃗ where p and r are linear momentum
and position vector respectively,
′
^ ^
^ + zk ^ ^ ^
= (x i + y ) × (px i + py j + pz k)

∣^ ^ ^ ∣
i j k
∣ ∣
= ∣x y z ∣
∣ ∣
∣ px py pz ∣

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
lx i + ly j + lz k = i (y pz − zpy ) − j (xpz − zpx ) + k (xpy − y px )

= = ^i (yp z
^ ^
− zpy ) + j (−xpz + zpx ) + k (xpy − y px )

Comparing the coefficients of ^i , ^j , ^

and k we get the components of angular momentum as :
lx = ypz - zpy
ly = xpz - zpx …..(i)
lz = xpy - ypx
b) If the particle moves in the x-y plane only. Hence, the z-component of the position vector and z component of linear momentum
vector become zero, i.e.,
z = pz = 0
Thus, equation (i) reduces to:
lx = 0
ly = 0
lz = xpy - ypx
Therefore, when the particle is confined to move in the x-y plane, the x and y components of linear momentum are zero and hence
the direction of angular momentum is along the z-direction.
OR
Radii of the ring and the disc, r = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Initial angular speed, ω =10 π rad s-1
z

Coefficient of kinetic friction, μ = 0.2 k

Initial velocity of both the objects, u = 0

Motion of the two objects is caused by frictional force. As per Newton's second law of motion, we have frictional force, f = ma
μ mg = ma
k

Where,
a = Acceleration produced in the objects
m = Mass
∴ a = μ g … (i)
k

As per the first equation of motion, the final velocity of the objects can be obtained as:
v = u + at
= 0 + μk gt

= μk gt … (ii)
The torque applied by the frictional force will act in a perpendicularly outward direction and cause a reduction in the initial
angular speed.
Torque, T= - Iα
α = Angular acceleration
uz mgr = -Iα
− μk mgr
∴ a=
I
…….(iii)

Page 17 of 18
Using the first equation of rotational motion to obtain the final angular speed:
ω = ωe + at
−μ mgr
= ωx +
k

I
t ……(iv)
Rolling starts when linear velocity, v = ru
μk gm rt
∴ v = r (ω0 −
I
) ……(v)
Equating equations (ii) and (v), we get:
μk gmrt
μk gt = r (ω0 − )
I

2
μi gm r t
= rω0 −
I
…….(vi)
For the ring I = mr 2

2
μ gm r t
k
∴ μk gt = rω0 −
mr2
2
uk gm r t
= rω0 = uk −
2
mr

2μ˙ gt = rω0
k
rω0
∴ tr =
2μk g

=
0.1×10×3.14

2×0.2×9.8
= 0.80s ……(vii)
For the ring I = 1

2
mr
2

2
μk gm r t
∴ μk g td = rω0 −
1
m r2
2

= rω0 − 2μk gt

3μk g td = rω0
rω0
∴ td =
3μ g
k
0.1×10×3.14
=
3×0.2×9.8
= 0.53s ……(viii)
Sincet d > tr , the disc will start rolling before the ring.

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 3

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Given that the displacement of an oscillating particle is given by y = A sin(Bx + Ct + D). The dimensional [1]
formula for (ABCD) is:

a) [M0L-1T-1] b) [M0L0T0]

c) [M0L-1T0] d) [M0L0T-1]

2. A string of mass 2.5 kg is under a tension of 200 N. The length of the stretched string is 20.0 m. If the transverse [1]
jerk is struck at one end of the string, the disturbance will reach the other end in

a) 0.5 second b) one second

c) data given is insufficient d) 2 seconds

3. The angular momentum of a system of particles is conserved [1]

a) when no external force acts upon the system b) when no external impulse acts upon the
system

c) when axis of rotation remains same d) when no external torque acts upon the
system
4. Three liquids of densities ρ1, ρ2 and ρ with ρ
3 1 > ρ2 > ρ3 , having the same value of surface tension T, rise to [1]
the same height in three identical capillaries. The angles of contact θ 1, θ2 and θ obey:
3

a) π

2
> θ1 > θ2 > θ3 ≥ 0 b) π

2
< θ1 < θ2 < θ3 < π

Page 1 of 18
 c) π > θ1 > θ2 > θ3 >
π

2
d) 0 ≤ θ1 < θ2 < θ3 <
π

5. If R is the radius of a planet, g is the acceleration due to gravity, then the mean density of the planet is given by: [1]
3gG 4πgR
a) b)
4πR 3G

3g
c) d)
4πGR

3g 4πGR

6. There are 26 tuning forks arranged in the decreasing order of their frequencies. Each tuning fork gives 3 beats [1]
with the next. The first one is octave of the last. What is the frequency of 18th tuning fork?

a) 103 Hz b) 96 Hz

c) 100 Hz d) 99 Hz

7. The displacement x of a particle varies with time t as x = ae-α t + beβt where a, b, α and β are positive constants. [1]
The velocity of the particle will:

a) go on increasing with time b) be independent of α and β

c) go on decreasing with time d) drop to zero when α = β

8. In a sinusoidal wave, the time required for a particular point to move from maximum displacement to zero [1]
displacements is 0.17 sec. The frequency of the wave is:

a) 2.94 Hz b) 1.47 Hz

c) 0.73 Hz d) 0.36 Hz
9. The units of pressure in SI system is: [1]

a) Newton b) Watt

c) Pascal d) Joule
10. A particle of mass m is at the surface of the earth of radius R. It is lifted to a height h above the surface of the [1]
earth. The gain in gravitational potential energy of the particle is
mgh mghR mgh
a) Both and b)
h (R+h) h
(1+ ) (1+ )
R R

mghR mgh
c) d)
(R+h) h
(1− )
R

11. The front wheel on an ancient bicycle has radius 0.5 m. It moves with angular velocity given by the function [1]

ω (t) = 2 + 4t2, where t is in seconds. About how far does the bicycle move between t = 2 and t = 3 seconds?

a) 27 m b) 14 m

c) 36 m d) 21 m
12. A cowboy fires a silver bullet with a mass of 2.00 g and with a muzzle speed of 200 m/s into the pine wall of a [1]
saloon. Assume that all the internal energy generated by the impact remains with the bullet. What is the
temperature change of the bullet? Specific heat of silver is 234J/KgoC?

a) 83.5oC b) 81.5oC

c) 85.5oC d) 78.5oC

13. Assertion: A body may gain kinetic energy and potential energy simultaneously. [1]
Reason: Principle of conservation of mechanical energy may not be valid every time.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct

Page 2 of 18
 statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion (A): In isothermal process for ideal gas, change in internal energy is zero. [1]
Reason (R): No heat is supplied to system or rejected by system, in an isothermal process.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): The ratio of inertial mass to gravitational mass is equal to one. [1]
Reason (R): The inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body are equivalent.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): The magnitude of resultant of two vectors cannot be less than the magnitude of either vector. [1]
Reason (R): The resultant of two vectors P ⃗ and Q⃗ is found out using parallelogram law.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Calculate the speed of sound in dry hydrogen at NTP, assuming its density at NTP conditions as 0.089 kg m-3 [2]

and γ = 1.41.
18. A body of mass m hung at one end of the spring executes SHM. The force constant of a spring is k while its [2]
period of vibration is T. Prove that the relation T = 2πm/k is incorrect. Also, derive the correct relation.
19. Check the correctness of the relation τ = Iα , where τ is the torque acting on a body, I is inertia and α is angular [2]
acceleration.
20. One often comes across the following type of statement concerning circular motion: 'A particle moving [2]
uniformly along a circle experiences a force directed towards the centre (centripetal force) and an equal and
opposite force directed away from the centre (centrifugal force). The two forces together keep the particle in
equilibrium'. Explain what is wrong with this statement.
21. Two masses, 800 kg and 600 leg, are at a distance 0.25 m apart. Compute the magnitude of the intensity of the [2]
gravitational field at a point distant 0.20 m from the 800 kg mass and 0.15 m from the 600 kg mass.
OR
The radius of a planet is double that of the earth but their average densities are the same. If the escape velocities at
the planet and at the earth are vp and vE respectively, then prove that vp = 2 vE.

Section C
22. Find the work done in breaking a water drop of radius 1 mm into 1000 drops. Given the surface tension of water [3]

is 72 × 10-3 N/m?
23. Briefly explain, what do you mean by the terms thermal strain and thermal stress? Write expressions for them. [3]
[3]

Page 3 of 18
24. A 100 m sprinter uniformly increases his speed from rest at the rate of 1 ms-2 up to 3

4
th of the total run and then
covers the last quarter( th) run with uniform speed. How much time does he take to complete the race?
1

25. Figure shows the position-time graph of a body of mass 0.04 kg. Suggest a suitable physical context for this [3]
motion. What is the time between two consecutive impulses received by the body? What is the magnitude of
each impulse?

26. A 0.20 Kg aluminum block at 800C is dropped in a copper calorimeter of mass 0.05 Kg containing 200 cm3 of [3]

ethyl alcohol at 200C. What is the final temperature of the mixture? Given Density of ethyl alcohol = 0.81 g |
cm3 ; specific heat of ethyl alcohol = 0.6 cal /g / 0C ; specific heat of copper = 0.094 cal /g / 0C, specific heat of
Al = 0.22 cal / g / 0C?
27. The driver of a three-wheeler moving with a speed of 36 km/h sees a child standing in the middle of the road and [3]
brings his vehicle to rest in 4.0 s just in time to save the child. What is the average retarding force on the
vehicle? The mass of the three-wheeler is 400 kg and the mass of the driver is 65 kg.
28. What do you understand by capillarity phenomenon? Give two examples to illustrate it. [3]
OR
A ball floats on the surface of water in a container exposed to the atmosphere. Will the ball remain immersed at its
initial depth or will it sink or rise somewhat if the container is shifted to the moon?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Certain collisions are referred to as elastic collisions. Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum
and kinetic energy are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system
kinetic energy after the collision. If total kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an
inelastic collision.
The coefficient of restitution, denoted by (e), is the measure of degree elasticity of collision. It is defined as the
ratio of the final to inital relative speed between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1
where 1 would be a perfectly elastic collision. A perfectly inelastic collision has a coefficient of 0. In real life
most of the collisions are neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly inealstic and 0 < e < 1.
(i) The following are the data of a collision between a truck and a car.
Mass of the car = 1000 kg
Mass of the truck = 3000 kg
Mass of the truck Before collision:
Speed of the car = 20 m/s
Momentum of the car = 20000 kg m/s
Speed of the truck = 20 m/s
Momentum of the truck = 60000 kg m/s
After collision:
Speed of the car = 40 m/s in the opposite direction
Momentum of the car = 40000 kg m/s in the opposite direction
Speed of the truck = 0

Page 4 of 18
 Momentum of the truck = 0
The collision is

a) Both elastic since kinetic energy and b) Elastic since momentum is conserved
momentum is conserved

c) Inelastic since kinetic energy is d) Elastic since kinetic energy is

conserved conserved
(ii) The coefficient of restitution is the measure of

a) Malleability of a substance b) Conductivity of a substance

c) degree of elasticity of collision d) Elasticity of a substance

(iii) Coefficient of restitution is defined as
Relative velocity before collision
a) b) Relative velocity after collision ×
Relative velocity after collision

relative velocity before collision

Relative velocity after collision
c) None of these d)
Relative velocity before collision

OR
For perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic collision, the value of coefficient of restitution are respectively

a) +1, -1 b) 0, 1

c) 0, -1 d) 1, 0
(iv) In real life most of the collisions are

a) Range of coefficient of restitution is 0 < b) both neither perfectly nor perfectly

e<1 inelastic and range of coefficient of
restitution is 0 < e < 1.

c) neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly d) perfectly inelastic

inelastic
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move, without violating any constraint
imposed on it, is called the number of degrees of freedom. According to the law of equipartition of energy, for
any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degree
of freedom.

Page 5 of 18
 (i) If gas has n degree of freedom, the ratio of specific heat is:

a) none of these b) 2n

c) 1 + 2/n d) 1 - 2/n
(ii) The kinetic energy, due to translational motion, of most of the molecules of an ideal gas at absolute
temperature T, is:

a) kT3 b) kT2

c) kT d) k/T
(iii) The mean free path is the:

a) length of the container that contains the b) mean of the square of the average
gas distance between two successive
collisions

c) the average distance covered by a d) none of these

molecule between two successive
collisions
(iv) The law of equipartition of energy is applicable to the system whose constituents are:

a) none of these b) in random motion

c) in orderly motion d) in rest

OR
Thermochemical calorie is equal to

a) 41.48 joule b) 4.148 joule

c) 4148 joule d) 414.8 joule

Section E
31. A person normally weighing 60 kg stands on a platform which oscillates up and down harmonically at a [5]

frequency of 2.0 s-1 and an amplitude 5.0 cm. If a machine on the platform gives the person's weight against
time, deduce the maximum and minimum readings it will show. Take g = 10 ms-2.
OR

Page 6 of 18
 Define the terms harmonic oscillator, displacement, amplitude, cycle, time period, frequency, angular frequency,
phase, and an epoch with reference to an oscillatory system.
32. A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 s with a velocity of 10.0^j m/s and moves in the x-y plane with a [5]
constant acceleration of (8.0^i + 2.0^j )ms −2
.
a. At what time is the x-coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the particle at that time?
b. What is the speed of the particle at the time?
OR

A projectile is fired horizontally with a velocity of 98 ms-1 from the hill 490 m high. Find
i. time taken to reach the ground
ii. the distance of the target from the hill and
iii. the velocity with which the projectile strikes the ground.
33. Find position of centre of mass of a semicircular disc of radius r. [5]
OR
Derive an expression for the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about an axis through its centre and
perpendicular to its length. Also determine the radius of gyration about the same axis.

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A
1.
(d) [M0L0T-1]
Explanation: [A] = [y] = L
[B] = [x-1] = L-1
[C] = [t-1] = T-1
[D] = 1
∴ [ABCD] = [M0L0T-1]
2. (a) 0.5 second
Explanation: M = mass string = 2.5 kg, l = 20m
2.5
M = mass per unit length = = = 0.125kg/m
M

l 20
−
− −−−−
T 200 −−−−
v = √ = √ = √1600 = 40m/s
μ 0.125

distance 20m 1
time = = = sec = 0.5sec
speed 40m/s 2

3.
(d) when no external torque acts upon the system
Explanation: Angular momentum of a system is conserved only when no external torque acts on it.
4.
(d) 0 ≤ θ 1 < θ2 < θ3 <
π

Explanation: h = 2σ cos θ

ρrg

But h, σ , r and g are same for the three liquids

∴ = constant
cos θ

cos θ1 cos θ2 cos θ3

⇒ = =
ρ1 ρ2 ρ3

Given: ρ 1 > ρ2 > ρ3

⇒ cos θ1 > cos θ2 > cos θ3

⇒ θ1 < θ2 < θ3

Also, θ is acute for liquid which rise in a capillary

π
∴ 0 ≤ θ1 < θ2 < θ3 <
2

5.
3g
(d) 4πGR

Explanation: g = GM

2
R

= G

2
×
4

3
πR ρ =
3 4

3
πGRρ
R
3g
∴ ρ =
4πGR

6.
(d) 99 Hz
Explanation: Let the frequency of last fork = ν
Then frequency of first fork = 2ν
⇒ ν = 2ν - 25 × 3 ⇒ ν = 75

Frequency of first fork = 2ν = 150 Hz

Frequency of 18th fork = 150 - 17 × 3 = 99 Hz
7. (a) go on increasing with time
Explanation: x = ae- t + beβt
α

Where a, b, α , b are Positive constant

V= dx

dt
= -aα e-αt + bβ eβt

Page 8 of 18
 ∴
dv

dt
= aα 2e-αt + bβ 2eβt is always > 0
V is increasing the function of t.
8.
(b) 1.47 Hz
Explanation: We know that time required for maximum displacement (t) = 0.17
sec. We know that time period of sinusoidal wave (T)
= 4t = 4 × 0.17 = 0.68 sec.
Therefore, frequency ν = = = 1.47 Hz 1

T
1

0.68

9.
(c) Pascal
Explanation: Pressure is defined as force per unit area. The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per
square meter (N/m2, or kg m-1 s−2). This name for the unit was added in 1971; before that, pressure in SI was expressed simply
in newtons per square meter.
mgh mghR
10. (a) Both h
and
(R+h)
(1+ )
R

mgh mghR
Explanation: Both h
and (R+h)
(1+ )
R

11.
(b) 14 m
Explanation: ωt = dθ

dt
= 2 + 4t
2

3 2
∫ dθ = ∫ (2 + 4t ) dt
2
3
4 3 32
θ = [2t + t ] = (6 + 36) − (4 + )
3 3
2
82
= rad
3
82
s = θr =
3
× 0.5 = 13.7 ≃ 14 m

12.
(c) 85.5oC
Explanation: Q = K
1 2
mcΔT = mv
2
2
v 200×200 ∘
ΔT = = = 85.5 C
2c 2×234

13. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
14.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Inertial mass and gravitational mass are equivalent. Both are scalar quantities and measured in the same unit.
They are quite different in the method of their measurement. Also, the gravitational mass of a body is affected by the presence
of other bodies near it whereas internal mass remains unaffected.
16.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: When P ⃗ and Q⃗ are equal, act at angle > 90o, their resultant
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
⃗ 2 2
R = √|P | + |Q| + 2|P ∥Q| cos θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2 –
= √|P | + |P | + 2|P | (− √3/2) = 0.52 P < P
Thus magnitude of resultant is smaller than two vector.
Section B
17. Here it is given that density of hydrogen under NTP conditions ρ = 0.089 kg m-3, γ = 1.41 and normal pressure P = 1.013 × 105
Pa
−
−−
γP
∴ Speed of sound, v = √ ρ

Page 9 of 18
 −−−−−−−−−−5

=√ 1.41×1.013×10

0.089

= 1267 ms-1
18. It is given that T = 2πm

LHS, T = [T]
[M]
RHS, 2πm

k
=
−2
= [T ]
2

[MT ]

As the dimensions of two sides are not equal , hence the equation is incorrect.
To derive the correct relation, suppose T = β makb, β is the proportionality constant, then
[T]1 = [M]a[MT-2]b = Ma+bT-2b
Equating dimension on both sides, we get
a + b = 0 .....(i)
-2b = 1 ......(ii)
On solving the equations. (i) and (ii), we get b = −1

2
,a=
1

∴ T = β m1/2k-1/2
−−
Hence, T =β√ m

This is the correct equation.

19. Given τ = I α
As torque, τ = Force × distance
∴ [τ ] = MLT
−2 2 −2
⋅ L = ML T

Moment of inertia
I = Mass × distance2
∴ [I] = ML2
Angular acceleration,
Angle
α = 2
(Time)

∴ [α] = 1

2
= T-2
T

= ML2T-2
[I α]

∴ Dimensions of LHS = Dimensions of RHS

Hence the given equation is dimensionally correct.

20. The statement is correct relative to a non-inertial frame rotating with the particle. For example, consider an observer moving with
the same acceleration (= v2/r) as that of the particle. For him, the particle remains at rest. The centripetal force equals the
centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is not a real force. It arises only because of the non-inertial nature of the observer himself.
The given statement is wrong relative to an inertial frame e.g., the laboratory frame. For an inertial observer (stationary observer),
the particle in circular motion is not in equilibrium, it has a centripetal acceleration. There is no force such as centrifugal force.
21. Let A and B be the positions of the two masses and P the point at which the intensity of the gravitational field is to be computed.

Gravitational intensity at P due to mass at A,

E =A
GM
= G
2
= 20,000 G, along PA
800

2
r (0.20)

Gravitational intensity at P due to mass at B,

80,000
EB = G
600

2
=
3
G , along PB
(0.15)

In ΔAPB,
PA2 + PB2 = AB2
∘
∴ ∠AP B = 90

Hence the magnitude of resultant gravitational intensity at P is

Page 10 of 18
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−− 2
80,000
E = √E 2
A
+ E
B
2
= G√(20, 000)
2
+ (
3
)

= 6.66 × 10-11 × = 2.22 × 10-6N

10,000

OR
If ρ is the average density of the earth, then mass of the earth,
4
ME = 3
πR
3
E
ρ

Escape velocity on the earth,

−−−−−
2GME
−−−−−−−−−−−
vE = √ RE
= √
2G

RE
×
4

3
πR
3

E
ρ

−−−−−
=R E√
8

3
Gπρ

Similarly, escape velocity on the planet,

−−−−−
vp = RP√ 8

3
Gπρ

vp Rp
∴ =
vE RE

But RP = 2 RE
∴ vP = 2vE
Section C
22. Initial Radius = R = (= 1 mm) 10-3 m
Final Radius = r
Since 1 drop breaks into 1000 small droplets, so
Initial volume = 1000 × Final Volume
4 3 4 3
πR = 1000 × πr
3 3

R3 = 103r3
3
3 R
r =
3
10

On, taking cube root on both sides, r = R

10
→ 1)
Initial Surface Area = 4πR 2

22 −3 2
= 4 × × (10 )
7

= 4 ×
22

7
× 10
−5
m
2
→ 2)
Final Surface Area = 1000 × (4πr 2
)

−3 2
22 10 R 4
= 1000 × 4 × × ( ) r = ) form eq 1)
7 10 10

1
22 −3
= 4× × 10 × 10 3
7

= 4 ×
22

7
× 10
−5
-3)
Increase in Surface Area = Final surface Area – Initial surface Area
= 4 × × 10
22

7
− 4 × × 10
−5
(→ 4) 22

7
−5

as definition of surface energy says it is the energy associated with the intermolecular forces at the interface between two media.
Now, work Done = Surface Tension × Increase in surface Area
= 72 × 10
−3
× (4 ×
22

7
× 10
−5
− 4 ×
22

7
× 10
−5
) (from eq4 4)
22 −3 −5 −6
= 72 × 4 × × 10 (10 − 10 )
7

22 −3 −5 −1
= 72 × 4 × × 10 × 10 (1 − 10 )
7

22 1
Work Done = 72 × 4 × 7
× 10
−5
(1 −
10
)

22 −3 9
= 72 × 4 × × 10 ×
7 10

Work Done = 8.14 × 10-6J

23. When a metal rod, whose ends are rigidly fixed so as to prevent the rod from expansion or contraction, undergoes a change in
temperature, thermal strains and thermal stresses are developed in the rod.
The thermal strain or deformation for an unrestricted thermal expansion can be defined as the ratio of change in length to the
original length.
Thermal Stress occurs when restricted expansion is converted to stress.
If a rod of length l is heated by a temperature ΔT, then increase in length of the rod is, Δl = l ⋅ α ⋅ ΔT
But due to being fixed at ends, the rod does not expand and a compressive thermal strain is developed in it which is given by,

Page 11 of 18
 Thermal (compressive) strain = Δl

l
= α. ΔT , here α = linear expansion coefficient of the material of rod.
Due to this strain, thermal stress is developed in the rod.
Thermal stress = Y × thermal strain = Y. α . ΔT
Thus, the force (tension) exerted by the rod on the supports will be,
F = Y α ⋅ ΔT ⋅ A

24. Given: Total distance covered, S = 100 m, u = 0

For first 3

4
th of the run, distance S1 = 3

4
S= 3

4
× 100 = 75 m, a = +1 ms-2 . Let the time for this part of the run be t1, then using the
second equation of motion,
S1 = ut1 + 1

2
at12
75 = 0 + 1

2
× 1× t or t = 75 × 2 = 150
2
1
2
1
−−−
⇒ t1 = √150 = 12.25 s

and final velocity v = u + at1 = 0 + 1× 12.25 = 12.25 m s-1.

For remaining 1

4
th run, distance S2 = S - S1 = 100 - 75 = 25 m, uniform velocity v = 12.25 m s-1
S2
∴ Time for this run t2 = v
= 25

12.25
= 2.04 s
Thus, t​​otal time taken by the sprinter to complete the race is, t = t1 + t2 = 12.25 s + 2.04 s = 14.29 s = 14.3 s.
25. A ball rebounding between two walls located between at x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm; after every 2 s, the ball receives an impulse of
magnitude 0.08 × 10 kgm/s from the walls.
−2

If we take any one of the triangular portion of the graph, we can see that the position of the ball is increasing uniformly in first 2s
and then decreasing at the same rate in the next 2s. i.e. The ball is coming back to the same position after every 4s. The given
graph shows that a body changes its direction of motion after every 2 s. Physically, this situation can be visualized as a ball
rebounding to and fro between two stationary walls situated between positions x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm. Since the slope of the x-t
graph reverses after every 2 s, the ball collides with a wall after every 2 s. Therefore, ball receives an impulse after every 2 s.
Mass of the ball is given by, m = 0.04 kg
The slope of the graph gives the velocity of the ball. Using the graph (in first 2s), we can calculate initial velocity (u) as:
−2
(2−0)×10
−2
u = = 10 m/s
(2−0)

Velocity of the ball before collision(taking any one of the triangle of the graph and time for the first 2s) is given by, u = 10-2 m/s
Velocity of the ball after collision(taking the same triangle and time for next 2s) is given by, v = -10-2 m/s
(Here, the negative sign arises as the ball reverses its direction of motion i.e. the decrease of position of the ball for next 2s.)
Now from the mathematical explanation of Newton's 2nd law of motion, Magnitude of impulse = Change in momentum , Hence
= |mv - mu|
= |0.04(v - u)|
= |0.04(-10-2 - 10-2)|
−2
= 0.08 × 10 kgm/s

26. Let final temperature of the mixture (aluminium block and ethyl alcohol) =θ0C
Mass of ethyl alcohol = volume × Density
m = 200 × 0.81 = 162 g
Heat lost by Aluminum block = m × c × △T
c- specific heat of aluminium
m - mass of piece of aluminium
△T - fall in temperature of aluminium block

△T = 80 − θ

heat lost by aluminium block = (0.20 × 10 3

) × 0.22 × (80 − θ)

−4 3
= 20 × 22 × 10 × 10 (80 − θ)

−1
= 440 × 10 (80 − θ)

= 44(80 - θ) ...(i)
Heat gained by the mixture (ethyl alcohol and calorimeter) = (Mass of ethyl alcohol × specific heat × gain in Temperature) + Mass
of copper calorimeter × specific heat X gain in Temperature
3
= [162 × 0.6 × (θ − 20)] + [0.05 × 10 × 0.094 × (θ − 20)]

= 101.9× (θ - 20) ...(ii)

Page 12 of 18
 According to principle of calorimetry, Heat gained = Heat Lost
Using, (i) & (ii)
44(80 − θ) = 101.9(θ − 20)

⇒ 3520 − 44θ = 101.9θ − 2038

3520 + 2038 = 101.9θ + 44θ

5558 = 145.9θ
5558
θ=
145.9

0
θ = 38.1 C

27. Initial speed of the three-wheeler, u = 36 km/h = (36×5)÷18 m/s = 10 m/s

Final speed of the three-wheeler, v = 0 m/s
Time, t = 4 s
Mass of the three-wheeler, m = 400 kg
Mass of the driver, m' = 65 kg
Total mass of the system, M = m + m' = (400 + 65) = 465 kg
Using Newton's first law of motion, the acceleration (a) of the three-wheeler can be calculated as:
v = u + at
v−u 0−10 2
∴ a= = = −2.5m/s
t 4

The negative sign indicates that the velocity of the three-wheeler is decreasing with time.
Using Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting by the three-wheeler can be calculated as:
F = Ma
= 465 × (−2.5) = −1162.5N

[The negative sign indicates that the force is acting against the direction of motion of the three-wheeler.]

28.

It is the phenomenon of rise or fall of a liquid in a capillary tube as compared to the surroundings. All those liquids which wet the
walls of container e.g., water, alcohol etc., show the phenomenon of rise in a capillary tube. On the other hand, for liquids which
do not wet the walls of container, the liquid level falls in a capillary tube as compared to the surroundings. Thus, mercury level
falls in a capillary tube. The phenomenon of capillarity is due to the property of surface tension of the liquid.
Following examples can illustrate it:
i. Process of perspiration takes place in human beings because fine pores are present in skin which behave as capillaries. Due to
capillary action water from under the skin rises in fine pores, comes out and then evaporates
ii. Sap rises from the roots of a plant due to capillarity phenomenon, as fine capillaries are present in stem, branches and every
leaf of the plant.
OR
The gravity on moon is about one-sixth of that on the earth. But gravity has equal effect both on weight of the body and the
upthrust. So equilibrium of the floating body is not affected. On the earth, weight of the floating body is balanced by upthrust due
to both water and air.
∴ W = mg = V ρ g + Va ρ g
w w a

or m = V w ρw + Va ρ ...(i) a

But the moon has no atmosphere. So

W = mg = V ρ g w
′
w

or m = V ρw
′
w

From (i) and (ii), we note that

Va ρ
a
′
Vw = Vw +
ρw

Clearly, V > V ′
w w

That is, the volume of ball immersed in water on the moon is greater than that on earth. Hence ball will sink slightly more in water
when taken to the moon.
Section D

Page 13 of 18
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Certain collisions are referred to as elastic collisions. Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy
are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system kinetic energy after the collision. If total
kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an inelastic collision.
The coefficient of restitution, denoted by (e), is the measure of degree elasticity of collision. It is defined as the ratio of the final to
inital relative speed between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a perfectly elastic
collision. A perfectly inelastic collision has a coefficient of 0. In real life most of the collisions are neither perfectly elastic nor
perfectly inealstic and 0 < e < 1.
(i) (b) Elastic since momentum is conserved
Explanation: From the given data kinetic energy is 800000 Joules, before and after collision and momentum is
40000 kg m/s before and after the collision. So the collision is elastic.
(ii) (c) degree of elasticity of collision
Explanation: degree of elasticity of collision
(iii) (d)
Relative velocity after collision

Relative velocity before collision

Relative velocity after collision

Explanation: Relative velocity before collision

OR
(d) 1, 0
Explanation: 1, 0
(iv) (b) both neither perfectly nor perfectly inelastic and range of coefficient of restitution is 0 < e < 1.
Explanation: both neither perfectly nor perfectly inelastic and range of coefficient of restitution is 0 < e < 1.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move, without violating any constraint imposed on it, is called
the number of degrees of freedom. According to the law of equipartition of energy, for any dynamic system in thermal
equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degree of freedom.

(i) (c) 1 + 2/n

Explanation: 1 + 2/n
(ii) (c) kT
Explanation: kT
(iii) (c) the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions
Explanation: the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions
(iv) (b) in random motion
Explanation: in random motion
OR

Page 14 of 18
 (b) 4.148 joule
Explanation: 4.148 joule
Section E
31. The platform vibrates between the positions A and B about the mean position O, as shown in figure.

Given A = 5.0 cm, m = 60 kg, v = 2 Hz

At A and B, the acceleration is maximum and is directed towards the mean position.
It is given by
2
amax = ω A

= 4π 2 2
v A

= 4 × 9.87 × (2)2 × 0.05 = 7.9 ms-2

At A, both the weight mg and the restoring force F are directed towards O. Therefore, the weight at A is maximum and is given by
W1 = (mg + F) = (mg + mamax) = m(g + amax)
= 60 (10 + 7.9) = 60 × 17.9 = 1074 N
= 1074

g
= = 107.4 kg f
1074

10

At B, mg and F are opposed to each other so that the weight is minimum. It is given by
W2 = (mg - F) = (mg - mamax) = m (g - amax)
= 60 (10 - 7.9) = (60 × 2.1) N = 126 N
= 126

10
= 12.6 kg f

OR
i. Harmonic oscillator: A particle executing simple harmonic motion is called harmonic oscillator.
ii. Displacement: The distance of the oscillating particle from its mean position at any instant is called its displacement. It is
denoted by x.
There can be other kind of displacement variables. These can be voltage variations in time across a capacitor in an a.c. circuit,
pressure variations in time in the propagation of a sound wave, the changing electric and magnetic fields in the propagation of
a light wave, etc.
iii. Amplitude: The maximum displacement of the oscillating particle on either side of its mean position is called its amplitude. It
is denoted by A. Thus x = ±A
max

iv. Oscillation or cycle: One complete back-and-forth motion of a particle starting and ending at the same point is called a cycle
or oscillation or vibration.
v. Time period: The time taken by a particle to complete one oscillation is called its time period. Or, it is the smallest time
interval after which the oscillatory motion repeats. It is denoted by T.
vi. Frequency: It is defined as the number of oscillations completed per unit time by a particle. It is denoted by ν (nu). Frequency
is equal to the reciprocal of the time period. That is,
1
v =
T

Clearly, the unit of frequency is (second)-1 or s-1. It is also expressed as cycles per second (cps) or hertz (Hz). SI unit of
frequency = s-1 = cps = Hz
vii. Angular frequency: It is the quantity obtained by multiplying frequency v by a factor of 2 π . It is denoted by ω .
Thus, ω = 2πv = 2π

SI unit of angular frequency = rad s-1.

Page 15 of 18
 viii. Phase: The phase of a vibrating particle at any instant gives the state of the particle as regards its position and the direction of
motion at that instant. It is equal to the argument of sine or cosine function occurring in the displacement equation of the
S.H.M. Suppose a simple harmonic equation is represented by
x = A cos(ωt + ϕ0 )

Then phase of the particle is: ϕ = ωt + ϕ 0

Clearly, the phase ϕ is a function of time t. It is usually expressed either as the fraction of the time period T or fraction of
angle 2 π that has elapsed since the vibrating particle last passed its mean position in the positive direction.
π 3π
ϕ = ωt + ϕ0 0 2
π
2
2π

x = A cos(ωt + ϕ0 ) +A 0 -A 0 +A
Thus the phase ϕ gives an idea about the position and the direction of motion of the oscillating particle.
ix. Initial phase or epoch: The phase of a vibrating particle corresponding to time t = 0 is called the initial phase or epoch.
At t = 0, ϕ = ϕ 0

The constant ϕ is called the initial phase or epoch. It tells about the initial state of motion of the vibrating particle.
0

32. Given: Velocity at time t = 0 is given as

^ ^
u⃗ = 0 i + 10 j m/s

⇒ ux = 0m/s, uy = 10m/s

Acceleration, a⃗ = 8.0^i + 2.0^j m/s 2

⇒ ax = 8.0m/s2, ay = 2.0m/s2

a. time taken by particle for x = 16 m

Using equation, S = ut + at along x axis1

2
2

x = ux t +
1

2
ax t
2
we get
1 2
16 = (0 × t) + (8)(t)
2

t = 2s
y-coordinate at this time will be:
1 2
y = uy t + ay t
2
1 2
y = (10 × 2) + (2)(2)
2

y = 24 m
b. Velocity along x and y-axis after time, t = 2s
vx = ux + ax t ⇒ vx = 0 + (8 × 2)

vx = 16m/s
vy = 10 + (2 × 2)

vy = 14m/s

Net speed of the particle is:

−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
v = √(vx ) + (vy )

−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
v = √(16) + (14)

v = 21.26m/s ​
OR
From the given figure, YO = 490 m. A body projected horizontally from O with velocity u = 98 ms-1 hits the ground at position A
following a parabolic path as shown in the figure.

i. Let T be the time of flight of the projectile.

Taking vertical downward motion of projectile from O to A, we have

Page 16 of 18
 y0 = 0, y = 490 m, uy = 0, ay = 9.8 m/s2, t = T

From equation of kinematics, y = y0 + uyt + 1

2
ayt2
1 2 2
⇒490 = 0 + 0 × T + × 9.8 × T = 4.9T
2
−−
−
or T = √
490

4.9
= 10s

ii. Taking horizontal motion(i.e, motion along OX axis) of projectile from O to A,we have
x0 = 0, x = R (say), ux = 98 m/s, t = T =10 s , ax = 0 (as there is no acceleration along horizontal)
As, x = x 0
+ ux t +
1

2
ax t
2

∴ R = 0 + 98 × 10 +
1

2
× 0 × 10
2
= 980 m
iii. Let vx, vy be the horizontal and vertical component velocity of the projectile at point A.
Using the relation, vx = ux + axt = 98 + 0× 10 = 98 m/s, which is represented by AB.
Similarly, vy = uy + ayt = 0 + 9.8 × 10 = 98 m/s as represented by AC
∴ The magnitude of the resultant velocity is given by
−− −−−− −−− −−−−− –
2 2 2 2
v = √vx + vy = √98 + 98 = 98√2 m/s
And the direction of the resultant velocity is given by
vy
= 1 or β = 45 with the horizontal.
98 ∘
tan β = =
vx 98

33. As semicircular disc is symmetrical about its one of diameter, we take axes as shown. So, now we only have to calculate YCM
(As, XCM is zero by symmetry and choice of origin).

∫ ydm
Now, Ycm =
∫ dm

From our text, M ⋅ Y CM = ∫ ydm

∫ ydm
YCM = M
1
∫ ydm =
∫ dm

Now, for a small element OAB, as element is small and it can be treated as a triangle so,
Area of sector OAB = × r × rdθ 1

Height of triangle = r
Base of triangle = AB = rdθ
So, its mass dm = 1

2
r2dθ ⋅ p [∵ P = mass

area
]
As centre of mass of a triangle is at a distance of 2

3
from its vertex (at centroid, intersection of medians).
So, y = 2

3
rsin θ (location of CM of small sector AOB).
π
∫ ydm

So, YCM =
0

π 1
2
∫ r ρdθ
0 2
π 2 1
2
∫ r sin θ× r dθ⋅ρ
0

= 3

π 1
2

2
∫ r ρdθ
0
2
1 2 3 π 2r π
× r ⋅ρ ∫ sin θdθ ∫ sin θdθ
0 0

= 2 3

1 π
= 3

π
2 ∫ dθ
r ρ⋅ ∫ dθ 0
0
2
2r π −2r
∘
[− cos θ ] (cos π−cos 0 )
0

= =
3 3

π
[θ]0 (π−θ)

4r
= 3π

Page 17 of 18
So, CM of disc is at a distance of 4r

3π
from its centre on its axis of symmetry.
OR
M.I. of a thin uniform rod about a perpendicular axis through its centre. Consider a thin uniform rod AB of length L and mass M,
free to rotate about an axis YY' through its centre O and perpendicular to its length
M
∴ Mass per unit length of rod = L

Consider a small mass element of length dx at a distance x from O.

M
Mass of the small element = L
dx

Moment of inertia of the small element about YY'

dI = Mass × (distance)2 = M

L
dx × x
2

The moment of inertia of the whole rod about the axis YY' can be obtained by integrating the above expression between the limits
x = - and x = + .
L

2
L

2
+L/2 M 2
∴ I = ∫ dI = ∫ x dx
−L/2 L

3 +L/2
M +L/2 2 M x
= ∫ x dx = [ ]
L −L/2 L 3
−L/2

3 3
M L L
= [( ) − (− ) ]
3L 2 2

3 3 3
M L L M L
= [ + ] = ×
3L 8 8 3L 4

2
ML
or I = 12

The radius of gyration. Let k be the radius of gyration of the rod about the axis YY'. Then
I = Mk2
2 2

∴ Mk
2
=
ML

12
or k 2
=
L

12
L
or k =
2√3

Thus, the radius of gyration of a uniform thin rod rotating about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its length
is L
.
2√3

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 4

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The equation (P +
a

2
) (V − b) = Constant. The units of a are [1]
V

a) dyne cm-2 b) dyne × cm5

c) dyne × cm4 d) dyne cm-3

2. The fundamental frequency in an open organ pipe is equal to the third harmonic of a closed organ pipe. If the [1]
length of the closed organ pipe is 20 cm, the length of the open organ pipe is:

a) 13.2 cm b) 8 cm

c) 12.5 cm d) 16 cm
3. The separation between C and O atoms in CO is 1.2 A. The distance of carbon atom from the centre of mass is [1]
∘ ∘
a) 0.7 A b) 0.5 A
∘ ∘
c) 0.3 A d) 0.9 A

4. An aeroplane gets its upward lift due to a phenomenon described by the [1]

a) Pascal law b) Buoyancy principle

c) Bernoulli's principle d) Archemedes' principle

5. Two spheres of same size, one of mass 2 kg and another of mass 4 kg are dropped simultaneously from the top [1]
of Qutab Minar (height = 72 km). When they are 1 m above the ground, the two spheres have the same:

Page 1 of 17
 a) potential energy b) momentum

c) kinetic energy d) acceleration

6. If the equation of transverse wave is y = 5 sin 2π (

t

0.04
−
x

40
) where distance is in cm and time in sec, then the [1]
wavelength of the wave will be

a) none of these b) 20 cm

c) 40 cm d) 60 cm
7. For motion in 3 dimensions we need [1]

a) frame of reference consisting of a clock and b) No frame of reference is required a single

a Cartesian system having three mutually ⊥ point will do.
axes, (X,Y, and Z)

c) No frame of reference is required ; a set of 3 d) frame of reference consisting of a clock and

points will do. a Cartesian system having two mutually ⊥
axes (X and Y)
8. A balloon is filled with hydrogen. For sound waves, this balloon behaves like [1]

a) a concave mirror b) a diverging lens

c) a converging lens d) none of these

9. Critical velocity of the liquid [1]

a) increases when density increases b) decreases when density increases

c) decreases when radius decreases d) increases when radius increases

10. A particle falls towards earth from infinity. Its velocity on reaching the earth would be: [1]

a) Infinity b) Zero
−
−− −−−
−
c) 2√gR d) √2gR

11. The dimensions of angular momentum are [1]

a) [ML2T] b) [ML2T-1]

c) [ML2T-2] d) [MLT-2]

12. We plot a graph, having temperature in °C on x-axis and in °F on y-axis. If the graph is straight line, then it [1]

a) intercepts the negative axis of both x- and y- b) passes through origin

axes

c) intercepts the positive y-axis d) intercepts the positive x-axis

13. Assertion: In elastic collision between two bodies, the relative speed of the bodies after collision is equal to the [1]
relative speed before the collision.
Reason: In an elastic collision, the linear momentum is conserved.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is

Page 2 of 17
 wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion (A): State variables are required to specify the equilibrium state of the system. [1]
Reason (R): Pressure is an intensive state variable.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion: The plane of the orbit of an artificial satellite must contain the centre of the earth. [1]
Reason: For the orbital motion of satellite, the necessary centripetal force is provided by gravitational pull of
earth on satellite.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): v = u + at formula is applied for projectile but cannot be applied for uniform circular motion. [1]
Reason (R): v = u + at is applicable when an acceleration (a) is uniform.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Find the ratio of the length of a closed pipe to that of an open pipe in order that the second overtone of the [2]
former is in unison with the fourth overtone of the latter.
18. Distinguish between the dimensions and unit of a physical quantity. [2]
19. The rotational kinetic energy of a body is given by E = 1

2
Iω
2
, where ω is the angular velocity of the body. Use [2]
the equation to obtain a dimensional formula for moment of inertia I. Also write its SI unit.

20. A rocket is set for vertical firing. If the exhaust speed is 1200 ms-1, how much gas must be ejected per second to [2]
supply the thrust needed
i. to overcome the weight of the rocket,
ii. to give to the rocket an initial vertical upward acceleration of 19.6 ms-2? Given mass of rocket = 6000 kg.
21. Why is the weight of a body at the poles more than the weight at the equator? Explain. [2]
OR

The radius of the earth's orbit around the sun is 1.5 × 1011 m. Calculate the angular and linear velocity of the earth.
Through how much angle does the earth revolve in 2 days?
Section C
22. In giving a patient a blood transfusion, the bottle is set up so that the level of blood is 1.3 m above needle, which [3]

has an internal diameter of 0.36 mm and is 3 cm in length. If 4.5 cm3 of blood passes through the needle in one

minute, calculate the viscosity of blood. The density of blood is 1020 kgm-3.
23. Explain the following [3]
i. Hot tea cools rapidly when poured into the saucer from the cup.

Page 3 of 17
 ii. Temperature of a hot liquid falls rapidly in the begining but slowly afterwards.
iii. A hot liquid cools faster if outer surface of the container is blackened.
24. Define v = u + at from velocity time graph. [3]
25. A stone of mass m tied to the end of a string revolves in a vertical circle of radius R. The net forces at the lowest [3]
and highest points of the circle directed vertically downwards are: [Choose the correct alternative]

Lowest Point Highest Point

(a) T - mg T + mg

(b) T + mg T - mg

(c) mg + T − (mv ) /R
2
1
2
mg − T + (mv ) /R
1

(d) mg − T − (mv ) /R
2
1
2
mg + T + (mv ) /R
1

26. An ideal gas is taken through a cyclic thermodynamic process through four steps. The amounts of heat involved [3]
in these steps are Q1 = 5960 J, Q2 = -5585 J Q3 = -2980 J and Q4 = 3645 J respectively. The corresponding

works involved are W1 = 2200 J, W2 = -825 J, W3 = -1100 J and W4 respectively. Find

i. W4 and

ii. efficiency of the cycle.

27. There are four forces acting at a point P produced by strings as shown in the figure, which is at rest. Find the [3]
forces F1 and F2.

28. The flow of blood in a large artery of an anesthetised dog is diverted through a Venturi meter. The wider part of [3]

the meter has a cross-sectional area equal to that of the artery. A = 8 mm2. The narrower part has an area a = 4
mm2. The pressure drop in the artery is 24 Pa. What is the speed of the blood in the artery?
OR
During blood transfusion the needle is inserted in a vein where the gauge pressure is 2000 Pa. At what height must
the blood container be placed so that blood may just enter the vein?
[Use the density of whole blood ρ 3
= 1.06 × 10 kgm
−3
]
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as a result of the
collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic collisions.

Page 4 of 17
 (i) In which motion, momentum changes but K.E does not?

a) none of these b) straight-line motion

c) circular motion d) parabolic motion

(ii) The coefficient of restitution for elastic collision is:

a) 1 b) -1

c) infinite d) 0
(iii) Two balls at the same temperature collide. What is conserved?

a) none of these b) kinetic energy

c) velocity d) momentum
OR
In elastic collision, the relative speed of approach and separation is:

a) unequal b) zero

c) equal d) infinite
(iv) The momentum of two objects moving with the same speed but in opposite directions upon collision is

a) none of these b) increased

c) decreased d) zero
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Gas molecules move in random motion inside the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the
continuous collision of the molecules against the walls of the container. Due to this continuous collision, the
walls experience a continuous force which is equal to the total momentum imparted to the walls per ​second.

(i) If the mass of each molecule is halved and speed is doubled, find the ratio of initial and final pressure:

Page 5 of 17
 a) 1:16 b) 1:4

c) 1:8 d) 1:2
(ii) The pressure exerted by the gases is:

a) inversely proportional to the density b) none of these

c) directly proportional to the density d) directly proportional to the square of

the density
(iii) If the force of attraction between the molecules suddenly disappears, then what will be the change in
pressure:

a) pressure increase b) pressure decrease

c) pressure remains constant d) none of these

(iv) If the pressure of a given gas is halved at a certain temperature. what will be its volume:

a) none of these b) becomes double

c) remains constant d) becomes half

OR
Dimension formula for R?

a) M1L2T2K-1 b) M1L1T-1

c) M-1L0T1 d) M1L2T-2K-1

Section E
31. A simple pendulum of time period 1s and length l is hung from fixed support at O, such that the bob is at a [5]
θ0
distance H vertically above A on the ground (Figure). The amplitude is θ . The string snaps at θ
o
2
. Find the
time taken by the bob to hit the ground. Also, find the distance from A where bob hits the ground. Assume θ to o

be small so that sin θ and cosθ 1.

o o

OR
With suitable examples, explain the meaning of a periodic function. Construct two infinite sets of periodic functions
with period T. Hence state the Fourier theorem.
32. A fighter plane is flying horizontally at an altitude of 1.5 km with a speed of 720 km/h. At what angle of sight [5]
(w.r.t horizontal) when the target is seen, should the pilot drop the bomb in order to attack the target?
Main concept used: u = 720 km/h = 720 × 5

18
m/s = 200m/s
OR
State parallelogram law of vector addition. Show that resultant of two vectors A⃗ and B⃗ inclined at an angle θ is R =
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
√A2 + B2 + 2AB cos θ

33. A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front and back axles is 1.8 m. Its centre of gravity is 1.05 m [5]

Page 6 of 17
behind the front axle. Determine the force exerted by the level ground on each front wheel and each back wheel.
OR
A man stands on a rotating platform, with his arms stretched horizontally holding a 5 kg weight in each hand. The
angular speed of the platform is 30 revolutions per minute. The man then brings his arms close to his body with the
distance of each weight from the axis changing from 90cm to 20cm. The moment of inertia of the man together with

the platform may be taken to be constant and equal to 7.6 kg m2.

a. What is his new angular speed? (Neglect friction.)
b. Is kinetic energy conserved in the process? If not, from where does the change come about?

Page 7 of 17
 Solution

Section A
1.
(c) dyne × cm4
Explanation: Unit of a = Unit of P × Unit of V2
= dyne cm-2 × (cm3)2
= dyne cm4
2. (a) 13.2 cm
Explanation: The fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe = Third harmonic of a closed pipe
v 3v
=
2l1 4l2

2l2
∴ l1 −
3
=
2×20

3
cm = 13.3 cm
∘

3. (a) 0.7 A
∘
12×0+16×1.2
Explanation: x CM =
12+16
≃ 0.7 A

4.
(c) Bernoulli's principle
Explanation: An aeroplane gets a dynamic upward lift in accordance with Bernoulli's principle.
5.
(d) acceleration
Explanation: Acceleration due to gravity is independent of the mass of the body.
6.
(c) 40 cm
Explanation: y = 5 sin 2π [ t

0.04
−
x

40
]

t x
y = A sin 2π [ − ]
T λ

∴ λ = 40 cm
7. (a) frame of reference consisting of a clock and a Cartesian system having three mutually ⊥ axes, (X,Y, and Z)
Explanation: Motion is a change in position of an object with time. In order to specify the position, we need to use a reference
point and a set of axes. It is convenient to choose a rectangular coordinate system consisting of three mutually perpendicular
axes, labelled X-, Y-, and Z- axes.
The point of intersection of these three axes is called origin (O) and serves as the reference point. The coordinates (x, y. z) of an
object describe the position of the object with respect to this coordinate system.
To measure time, we position a clock in this system. This coordinate system along with a clock constitutes a frame of reference.
8.
(b) a diverging lens
Explanation: The speed of sound in H2 is greater than that in air, so a balloon filled with H2 will behave like a diverging lens.

9.
(b) decreases when density increases
Re η
Explanation: v c =
ρD

Critical velocity decreases when density ρ increases or diameter D increases.

10.
−
−−−
(d) √2gR
Explanation: 1

2
mv
2
= Ui − Uf = 0 − (−
GMm

R
)

[GM = gR2]
1 gR m
2
mv =
2 R
−−−
−
v= √2gR

Page 8 of 17
11.
(b) [ML2T-1]
Explanation: [Angular momentum] = [ML2T-1]
12.
(c) intercepts the positive y-axis
Explanation:

C F−32
As 100
=
180
9
∴ F = C + 160
5

Thus the graph between C and F is a straight with positive intercept (=160) on Y-axis as shown in the figure.

13.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
14.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
15. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: v = u + at is applicable only when acceleration (a) is uniform.
So, this formula is applied for projectile since projectile motion is under uniform acceleration (g).
But in uniform circular motion acceleration is not uniform; hence this formula cannot be applied.
Hence both the assertion and reason are true but the reason does not explain the assertion.
Section B
17. Fundamental frequency of a closed organ pipe, ν = v

4L

Fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe, ν ′

=
2L
v

Second overtone of the closed pipe = 5v = 5v

4L

Fourth overtone of the open pipe = 5ν ′

=
5v

′
2L

As the two overtones are in unison, therefore

5v 5v L 2 1

4L
= ′
or ′
=
4
=
2
2L L

or L : L' = 1 : 2
18. Dimensions of a physical quantity are the powers to which the fundamental units must be raised to represent the unit of the given
physical quantity. The unit is compact mathematical expression involving fundamental units. The unit may also be given some
name, e.g., [F] = [MLT-2] and unit of force = kg ms-2 or newton.
1 [E]
19. It is given that the rotational kinetic energy, E = 2
Iω
2
⇒ I =
2
[ω ]

2 −2
[E] [ML T ] 2 −2

Therefore, I = =
2
[
ML T

−2
] = [ ML ]
2

[ω2 ] −1 T
[T ]

Its SI unit is Joule.

20. i. Here u = 1200 ms-1, m = 6000 kg,
Given: Thrust = Weight of rocket
dm
∴ u = mg
dt

= 49 kg s-1
mg
or dm

dt
=
u
=
6000×9.8

1200

Page 9 of 17
 ii. Here u = 1200 ms-1, m = m0 = 6000 kg, t = 0, a = 29.6 ms-2

As a = [ u

dm
]
dm

dt
− g
m0 −t
dt

1200 dm
∴ 29.6 = [ ] − 9.8
dm dt
6000−0×
dt

1200
or 29.6 + 9.8 = 6000
×
dm

dt

or dm

dt
=
39.4×6000

1200
= 197 kg s-1
21. As g = GM

2
and the value of R at the poles is less than that at the equator, so g at poles is greater that g at the equator.
R

Now, as gp > ge, hence mgp > mge

i.e., the weight of a body at the poles is more than the weight at the equator.
OR
Here r = 1.5 × 1011m,
Period of revolution of the earth,
T = 365 days = 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 s
∴ Angular velocity,
2π 2×3.14
ω = =
T 365×24×60×60

= 1.99 × 10-7 rad s-1

Linear velocity,
v = rω = 1.5 × 10 × 1.99 × 10 = 2.99 × 104 ms-1
11 −7

In 365 days, the earth revolves through an angle of 2π radians.

∴ The angle through which the earth revolves in 2 days
2π 2×3.14×2
=
365
× 2 =
365
= 0.0344 rad
Section C
22. Length of the needle, l = 3 cm
Radius of the needle, r = mm = 0.018 cm 0.36

Volume of blood flowing out per second,

= 0.075 cm3 s-1
Total Volume 4.5
Q= Time
=
60

Density of blood,
ρ = 1020 kg m-3 = 1020 × 10-3 g cm-3 = 1.02 g cm-3​(Given)
The bottle is set up so that the level of blood is 1.3 m above needle, pressure difference,
p = 1.3 m column of blood
= 1.3 × 100 × 1.02 × 980 dyne cm-2
4 4
πpr 3.142×1.3×100×1.02×980×(0.018)
η = =
8Ql 8×0.075×3

= 0.238 poise
23. i. The tea will cool faster in the saucer as surface area increases on pouring hot tea in saucer from the cup and the rate of loss of
heat is directly proportional to surface area of the radiating surface
ii. A hot liquid cools rapidly in the beginning but slowly afterward because the temperature of a hot liquid falls exponentially in
accordance with Newton’s law of cooling. In other words, the rate of cooling is directly proportional to the temperature
difference between hot liquid and the surroundings.
iii. When the outer surface of the container is blackened, the surface becomes good emitter of heat and so the hot liquid in it cools
faster.
24. Consider a velocity-time graph for a uniformly accelerated body starting from rest is represented as follows.
Slope of v − t graph
v−u
tan θ =
t

But tan θ = acceleration (a)

Page 10 of 17
 If acceleration is represented as a, then acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity
v−u
⇒ a=
t

v − u = at

v = u + at

25. The free body diagram of the stone at the lowest point is shown in the following figure. In this case tension, T in the string acts
upwards and weight of the body, mg acts downwards. The net force T - mg, supplies required centripetal force to rotate the stone
in the circular path.

According to Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting on the stone at this point is equal to the centripetal force, i.e.,
2
mv

Fnet = T − mg =
R
1
…(i)
Where, v1 = Velocity at the lowest point
The free body diagram of the stone at the highest point is shown in the following figure. In this case both the tension T in the
string and weight mg of the stone act downwards. The net force T + mg provides required centripetal force to rotate the stone in
the circular path.

Using Newton's second law of motion, we have:

2
mv

T + mg =
R
2
…(ii)
Where, v2 = Velocity at the highest point
It is clear from equations (i) and (ii) that the net force acting at the lowest and the highest points are respectively (T - mg) and (T +
mg).
26. i. By the first law of thermodynamics, dQ = dU + dW
But for a cyclic process, dU = 0
∴ dQ = dW
or Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4
or 5960 -5585 - 2980 + 3645 = 2200 - 825 - 1100 + W4
or W4 = (5960 + 3645 + 825 + 1100) - (5585 + 2980 +2200) = 11530 - 10765 = 765 J.
ii. Efficiency,
Total work done W1 + W2 + W3 + W4
η = =
Heat absorbed Q1 + Q4

2200 − 825 − 1100 + 765

= 5960 + 3645

= 1040

9605
= 0.1083 = 10.83 %
27. The given system is in mechanical equilibrium, hence sum of all the forces has to be equal to zero.
Net force along X and Y axes are also zero.

Page 11 of 17
 Resolving all forces along X-axis
Fx = 0
F1 + 1 sin 45° - 2 sin45° = 0
F1 = 1 sin 45°
1
F1 =
√2

F1 = 0.707N
Resolving all forces along Y-axis
Fy = 0
- F2 + 1 cos 45° + 2 cos 45° = 0
∘
− F2 = −3 cos 45

1 3√2 3×1.414
F2 = 3 ⋅ = =
√2 2 2

= 3 × 0.707 = 2.121 N.
28. We take the density of blood from table to be 1.06 × 103 g m-3. The ratio of the area is ( A

a
) = 2 .

FLuid ρ (kg m-3)

Water 1.00 × 103

Sea water 1.03 × 103

Mercury 13.6 × 103

Ethyl alcohol 0.806 × 103

Whole blood 1.06 × 103

Air 1.29

oxygen 1.43

Hydrogen 9.0 × 10-2

Interstellar space ≈ 10
−2

−−−−−−− −1/2
2
2ρm gh
Using eq. speed of fluid through wide neck is given by v 1
= √(
ρ
) ((
A

a
) − 1) we obtain
−−−−−−−−−−−−
2×24Pa −1
v1 = √ = 0.123ms
−3 2
1060kgm ×(2 −1)

OR
Gauge pressure is given by, P = 2000 Pa
The density of whole blood is given by, ρ = 1.06 × 10 3
kg m
−3

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 ms-2

Height of the blood container is ⇒ h
The pressure of the blood container is given by, P = hρg
p 2000
h = = = 0.1925m
ρg 3
1.06× 10 ×9.8

Thus, The blood may enter the vein if the blood container is kept at a height greater than 0.1925 m, i.e., about 0.2m.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as a result of the collision. Both
momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic collisions.

Page 12 of 17
 (i) (c) circular motion
Explanation: circular motion
(ii) (a) 1
Explanation: 1
(iii) (d) momentum
Explanation: momentum
OR
(c) equal
Explanation: equal
(iv) (d) zero
Explanation: zero
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Gas molecules move in random motion inside the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the continuous collision of
the molecules against the walls of the container. Due to this continuous collision, the walls experience a continuous force which is
equal to the total momentum imparted to the walls per ​second.

(i) (d) 1:2

Explanation: 1:2
(ii) (c) directly proportional to the density
Explanation: directly proportional to the density
(iii) (a) pressure increase
Explanation: pressure increase
(iv) (b) becomes double
Explanation: becomes double
OR

(d) M1L2T-2K-1
Explanation: M1L2T-2K-1
Section E

Page 13 of 17
31. Assume that t = 0 when θ = θ . Then, 0

θ = θ0 cos ωt

Given a seconds pendulum ω = 2π

θ0
At time t1, let θ = 2

1
∴ cos 2πt1 = 1/2 ⇒ t1 =
6

dθ
θ = − θ0 2π sin 2πt [θ = ]
dt

1
At t 1 =
6
2π –
θ = − θ0 2π sin = − √3πθ0
6

Thus the linear velocity is

–
u = − √3πθ l perpendicular to the string.
0

The vertical component is

–
uy = − √3πθ0 t sin θ0

and the horizontal component is

–
ux = − √3πθ0 l cos θ0

At the time it snaps, the vertical height is

θ0
′
H = H + l (1 − cos( ))
2

Let the time required for fall be t, then

′ 2
H = ug t + (1/2)g t

(notice g is also in the negative direction)

–
or, g t + √3πθ l sin θ t − H = 0
1

2
2
0 0
′

2 2 2 2 ′
− √3π θ0 l sin θ0 ± √3π θ e sin θ0 +2g H
0

∴ t =
g

2 2 4 2 ′
− √3πlθ ± √3π θ l +2g H
0 0

Neglecting terms of order θ and heigher. 2

0
−−−′
2H
√
g

−
−−
Now H' H + l(1 - 1) = H ∴ t√ 2H

The distance travelled in the x-direction is uxt to the left of where it snapped.
−−−
– 2H
X = √3πθ0 l cos θ0 √
g

To order of θ 0
−−− −−−
– 2H 6H
X = √3πθ0 l√ = √ θ0 l
g g

At the time of snapping, the bob was

l sin θ lθ distance from A.
0 0

Thus, the distance from A is

−
−−
6H −−−−−
lθo − √ lθo = lθo (1 − √6H/g )
g

OR
Periodic function: Any function that repeats itself at regular intervals of its argument is called a periodic function. Consider the
function f(θ) satisfying the property,
f (θ + T ) = f (θ)

This indicates that the value of the function f remains same when the argument is increased or decreased by an integral multiple of
T for all values of θ. A function f satisfying this property is said to be periodic having a period T. For example, trigonometric
functions like sin θ and cos θ are periodic with a period of 2π radians, because
(θ+2 π ) = sinθ
cos (θ + 2 π ) = cosθ
If the independent variable θ stands for some dimensional quantity such as time t, then we can construct periodic functions with
periold T as follows:
f (t) = sin
1
and g (t) = cos 2πt

T
1
2πt

We can check the periodicity by replacing t by t + T. Thus

2π 2πt
f1 (t + T ) = sin (t + T ) = sin( + 2π)
T T

2πt
= sin = f1 (t)
T

Page 14 of 17
 Similarly, g1 (t + T) = g1 (t)
It can be easily seen that functions with period T/n, where n = 1, 2, 3,....also repeat their values after a time T. Hence it is possible
to construct two infinite sets of periodic functions such as
2πnt
fn (t) = sin
T
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .....
gn (t) = cos
2πnt

T
n= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .....
In the set of cosine functions, we have included the constant function g0 (f) = 1.
The constant function 1 is periodic for any value of T and hence does not alter the periodicity of gn (t).
Fourier theorem: This theorem states that any arbitrary function F (t) with period T can be expressed as the unique combination
of sine and cosine functions fn (f) and gn (f) with suitable coefficients. Mathematically, it can be expressed as
F(t) = b + b cos
0 1 + b cos
2πt
+ b cos
T
2+ ...+ a sin
4πt

T
+ a sin 3
6πt
+ a sin
T
+ … 1
2πt

T
2
4πt

T
3
6πt

= b0 + b1 cosω t + b2cos2ω t + b3cos3ω t + …. + a1sinω t + a2sin2ω t + a3sin3ω t + ….

or F(t) = b 0 + ∑
n
bn cos nωt + ∑
n
an sin nωt

where ω = 2π

The coefficients b0, b1, b2, ....., a1, a2, a3, ....... are called Fourier coefficients. These coefficients can be determined uniquely by a
mathematical method called Fourier analysis. Suppose all the Fourier coefficients except a1 and b1 are zero, then
F(t) = a 1
sin
2πt

T
+ b1 cos
2πt

This equation is a special periodic motion called simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.).

32.

Let the pilot drops the bomb in t second before the point Q, vertically up the target T.
The horizontal velocity of the bomb will be equal to the velocity of the fighter plane, but the vertical component of it is zero.
So, in time t bomb must cover the vertical distance TQ as free fall with the initial velocity zero.
Given that : u = 0, H = 1.5 km = 1500m , g = + 10m/s 2

By Using the equation, H = ut + g t , we get 1

2
2

1 2
1500 = 0 + 10t
2
−
− −
−
1500 −−− –
t = √ = √300 = 10√3s
5

∴ Distance covered by plane or bomb in this time t, is given by PQ = ut

– –
P Q = 200 × 10√3 = 2000√3 m

TQ √3 15√3 √3
tan θ =
PQ
=
1500
⋅ =
20×3
=
4
​
2000√3 √3

tan θ =
1.732

4
= 0.433 = tan
−1
23
∘
42 ' ​
∘ ′
⇒ θ = 23 42

Thus the bomb should be thrown at an angle 23 ∘ ′

42

OR
⃗
Let the two A and B
⃗
inclined to each other at an angle θ be represented both in magnitude and direction by the adjacent sides
→ →
OP and OQ of the parallelogram OPSQ. Then according to the parallelogram law of vector addition, the resultant of A⃗ and B⃗ is
→
represented both in magnitude and direction by the diagonal OS of the parallelogram.

Page 15 of 17
 Magnitude of resultant R⃗ . Draw SN perpendicular to OP produced.
Then ∠SP N = ∠QOP = θ , OP = A, PS = OQ = B, OS = R
From right angled ΔSNP, we have
= sin θ or SN = PS sinθ = B sinθ
SN

PS

and PN

PS
= cos θ or PN = PQ cos θ = B cos θ
Using Pythagoras theorem in right angled ΔONQ,
We get
OQ2 = ON2 + QN2
= (OP + PN)2 + QN2
or R2 = (A + B cos θ)2 + (B sin θ)2
= A2 + B2 cos2 θ + 2 ABcos θ + B2 sin2 θ
= A2 + B2(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) + 2 ABcos θ
= A2 + B2 + 2 AB cos θ
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
or R = √A + B + 2AB cos θ
2 2

33. Weight of car = 1800 Kg

Distance of COG from front axle = 1.05 m
Distance of COG from back axle = 1.8 - 1.05 = 0.75 m
Vertical forces are balanced ,
So,At translational equilibrium:
R1 + R2 = mg
R1 + R2 = 1800 × 9.8 = 17640

R1 and R2 are the forces exerted by the level ground on the front and back wheels respectively.
Angular momentum about centre of gravity is zero.
So,
R1(1.05) = R2(1.8 - 1.05)
R1 × 1.05 = R2 × 0.75
R1 0.75 5
= =
R2 1.05 7

R1 7
=
R2 5

R1 = 1.4 R2 …..(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get:
1.4 R2 + R2 = 17640
17640
R2 = = 7350N
2.4

∴ R1 = 17640 - 7350 = 10290 N

R1 7350
Therefore, the force exerted on each front wheel = 2
=
2
= 3675N , and
R2
The force exerted on each back wheel = 2
=
10290

2
= 5145N

Page 16 of 17
 OR
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM STATES THAT: "When the net external torque acting on a
system about a given axis is. zero , the total angular momentum of the system about that axis remains constant." Mathematically,
If then I w= constant.
In this problem,as all the forces are conservative in nature and external torque on the system is zero so angular momentum of the
system will remain conserved although energy of the system may not remain constant if external forces are acting on the system.

a. Moment of inertia of the man-platform system I= 7.6 kg m2

Moment of inertia when the man stretches his hands to a distance of 90 cm:
2
2 × mr

2
= 2 × 5 × (0.9)

= 8.1 kg m2
Initial moment of inertia of the system,I = 7.6 + 8.1 = 15.7kgm
i
2

Angular speed, ω = 300 rev /min

1

Angular momentum, L = I ω = 15.7 × 30 ……(i)

i i i

Moment of inertia when the man folds his hands to a distance of 20 cm:
2
2 × m

2 2
= 2 × 5(0.2) = 0.4kgm

Final moment of inertia, I = 7.6 + 0.4 = 8kg m

f
2

Final angular speed = ω f

Final angular momentum, L = I ω = 0.79ω … (ii)

f f f f

From the conservation of angular momentum, we have:

Ii ωi = If ωf
15.7×30
∴ ωf = = 58.88rev/min
8

b. Kinetic energy is not conserved in the given process. In fact, with the decrease in the moment of inertia, kinetic energy
increases. The additional kinetic energy comes from the work done by the man to fold his hands toward himself.(muscular
work done by the man will be converted into kinetic energy)

Page 17 of 17
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 5

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Which of the following quantities can be written in SI units in kgm2A-2s-3? [1]

a) Inductance b) Capacitance

c) Resistance d) Magnetic flux

2. A sound wave is passing through air column in the form of compression and rarefaction. In consecutive [1]
compressions and rarefactions,

a) there is no transfer of heat b) bulk modulus of air oscillates

c) density remains constant d) Boyle’s law is obeyed

3. The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass mand radius R) rolling down an incline of angle θ without [1]
slipping and slipping down the incline without rolling is

a) 2 : 5 b) 5 : 7

c) 7 : 5 d) 2 : 3
4. A hydraulic lift is designed to lift cars of maximum mass of 3000 kg. The area of cross-section of the piston [1]
carrying the load is 4.25 × 10-2m2. What maximum pressure would the smaller piston have to bear?

a) 13.76 × 1011 N
b) 7.82 × 107 N

2 2
m m

c) 9.63 × 109 N
d) 6.92 × 105 N

2 2
m m

5. The gravitational potential at a distance r from the centre of the earth (r > R) is given by (consider, mass of the [1]

Page 1 of 16
 earth = Me, radius of the earth = R)

GMe −GMe
a) R
b) R

+GMe −GMe
c) r
d) r

6. The number of possible natural oscillations of air column in a pipe closed at one end of length 85 cm whose [1]

frequencies lie below 1250 Hz are (velocity of sound = 340 ms-1)

a) 4 b) 6

c) 7 d) 5
7. A body starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration. The ratio of the distance covered in the nth second [1]
to the distance covered in n second is:

a) 2

n
−
1

n
2
b) 2

n
+
1

n
2

c) 2

n
2
−
1

n
2
d) 1

n
2
−
1

8. Two waves have equations: x1 = a sin (ωt + ϕ 1) and x2 = a sin (ωt + ϕ 2). If in the resultant wave the frequency [1]
and amplitude remain equals to the amplitude of superimposing waves, the phase difference between them is:

a) π

4
b) π

c) 2π

3
d) π

9. The force required to separate two glass plates of area 10-2 m2 with a film of water 0.05 mm thick between them, [1]
is (surface tension of water is 70 × 103 N

m
)

a) 14 N b) 20 N

c) 25 N d) 28 N
10. Three particles each of mass m are kept at vertices of an equilateral triangle of side L. The gravitational potential [1]
energy possessed by this system is
2 2

a) − 2Gm

L
b) +3Gm

2 2

c) −3Gm
d) −Gm

L L

11. The instantaneous angular position of a point on a rotating wheel is given by the equation θ (t) = 2t3 - 6t2. The [1]
torque on the wheel becomes zero at

a) t = 0.25 s b) t = 0.5 s

c) t = 2 s d) t = 1 s
12. A black body emits radiation of maximum intensity of wavelength λ at 2,000 K. Its corresponding wavelength [1]
at 3,000 K will be

a) 2λ

3
b) 16λ

81

c) d)
81λ 4λ

16 3

13. Assertion (A): Power developed in circular motion is always zero. [1]
Reason (R): Work done in case of circular motion is zero.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

Page 2 of 16
 c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion: When a bottle of cold carbonated drink is opened, a slight fog forms around the opening. [1]
Reason: Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes lowering of temperature which start condensation of water
vapours.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): The time period of revolution of a satellite close to the surface of the earth is smaller than that [1]
revolving away from surface of earth.
Reason (R): The square of time period of revolution of a satellite is directly proportional to the cube of its
orbital radius.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Angle between two vectors ^j + k
^
and ^j is 45°. [1]
Reason (R): Vector ^j + k
^
is equally inclined to both Y and Z axes and angle between ^j and k
^
is 90°.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. State the principle of superposition of waves. [2]
18. The depth x to which a bullet penetrates a human body depends upon [2]
i. coefficient of elasticity η and
1/3
Ek
ii. kinetic energy Ek. By the method of dimensions, show that: x ∝ [
η
]

19. The velocity of a body that has fallen freely under gravity varies as gphq, where g is the acceleration due to [2]
gravity at the place and h is the height through which the body has fallen. Determine the values of p and q.
→ →
20. Two particles of masses m1 and m2 in projectile motion have velocities v 1 and v 2 respectively at time t = 0. [2]
→ →
They collide at time t0. Their velocities become v and v at time 2t0 while still moving in air. The value of
′
1
′
2

∣ → → ∣
→ →
′ ′
∣(m1 v 1 + m2 v 2 ) − (m1 v 1 + m2 v 2 )∣ .
∣ ∣

21. The mass of planet Jupiter is 1.9 × 1027 kg and that of the sun is 1.99 × 1030kg. The mean distance of Jupiter [2]

from the Sun is 7.8 × 1011m. Calculate gravitational force which sun exerts on Jupiter, and the speed of Jupiter.
OR
An apple of mass 0.25 kg falls from a tree. What is the acceleration of the apple towards the earth? Also, calculate
the acceleration of the earth towards the apple. Mass of the earth = 5.983 × 1024 kg, Radius of the earth = 6.378 ×

106 m and G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2 kg-2.

Section C

Page 3 of 16
22. Show that the Reynold's number represents the ratio of the inertial force per unit area to the viscous force per [3]
unit area.
23. What is meant by a triple point of water? What is the advantage of taking the triple point of water as the fixed [3]
point for a temperature scale?

24. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 9.8 ms-1 at a height of 39.2 m above the ground when a food packet is [3]
dropped from the balloon. After how much time and with what velocity does it reach the ground? Take g = 9.8

ms-2.
25. A body weighing 0.4 kg is whirled in a vertical circle making 2 revolutions per second. If the radius of the circle [3]
is 1.2 m, find the tension in the string, when body is
i. at the bottom of the circle,
ii. at the top of the circle.
26. One kilogram molecule of a gas at 400k expands isothermally until its volume is doubled. Find the amount of [3]
work done and heat produced.

27. A helicopter of mass 1000 kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15 ms-2. The crew and the passengers weigh [3]

300 kg. Give the magnitude and direction of the

i. force on the floor by the crew and passengers,
ii. action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air,
iii. force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.
28. If a 5 cm long capillary tube with 0.1 mm internal diameter opens at both ends and is slightly dipped in water [3]
having surface tension 75 dyne cm-1, state whether
i. water will rise halfway in the capillary
ii. water will rise up to the upper end of the capillary
iii. water will overflow out of the upper end of the capillary.
Explain your answer.
OR

The flow rate of water from a tap of diameter 1.25 cm is 0.48 . The coefficient of viscosity of water is 10-3 Pa s.
L

min

After some time the flow rate is increased to 3 L/min. Characterise the flow for both the flow rates.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Potential energy is the energy stored within an object, due to the object's position, arrangement or state. Potential
energy is one of the two main forms of energy, along with kinetic energy. Potential energy depends on the force
acting on the two objects.

(i) A body is falling freely under the action of gravity alone in a vacuum. Which of the following quantities

Page 4 of 16
 remain constant during the fall?

a) mechanical energy b) none of these

c) potential energy d) kinetic energy

(ii) Work done by a conservative force is positive, if

a) potential energy decreases b) kinetic energy increases

c) potential energy increases d) kinetic energy decreases

(iii) When does the potential energy of a spring increase?

a) only when spring is compressed b) none of these

c) both only when spring is stretched and d) only when spring is stretched
compressed
OR
A vehicle of mass 5000 kg climbs up a hill of 10 m. The potential energy gained by it

a) 5 × 104 b) 5 × 105 J

c) 500 J d) 5 J
(iv) Dimension of k/m is, here k is the force constant

a) T2 b) T-2

c) T-1 d) T1

30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly
colliding and changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic
energy.

(i) If the temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 600 K then the average kinetic energy becomes:

a) same b) becomes double

c) becomes half d) none of these

(ii) What is the average velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas?

a) Infinite b) Same

c) None of these d) Zero

(iii) Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with uniform speed. The temperature of the gas

Page 5 of 16
 molecules inside will ________.

a) decrease b) none of these

c) increase d) remains same

(iv) Find the ratio of average kinetic energy per molecule of Oxygen and Hydrogen:

a) 1:1 b) 4:1

c) 1:2 d) 1:4
OR
The velocities of the three molecules are 3v, 4v, and 5v. calculate their root mean square velocity?

a) 4.0 v b) 4.02 v

c) 4.08 v d) 4.04 v
Section E
31. One end of a U-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other end to atmosphere. A [5]
small pressure difference is maintained between the two columns. Show that, when the suction pump is
removed, the column of mercury in the U-tube executes simple harmonic motion.
OR
Which of the following functions of time represent
i. simple harmonic motion,
ii. periodic but not simple harmonic and
iii. non-periodic motion? Find the period of each periodic motion. Here m is a positive real constant.
a. sin ωt + cos ωt.
b. sin πt + 2 cos 2πt + 3 sin 3πt.
c. cos(2ωt + π

3
)

d. sin2
ωt

e. cos ωt + 2 sin2 ωt

32. At what angle should a body be projected with a velocity 24 ms-1 just to pass over the obstacle 16 m high at a [5]

horizontal distance of 32 m? Take g = 10 ms-2.

OR
A hill is 500 m high. Supplies are to be sent across the hill using a canon that can hurl packets at a speed of 125m/s
over the hill. The canon is located at a distance of 800 m from the foot of the hill and can be moved on the ground at
a speed of 2 m/s; so that its distance from the hill can be adjusted. What is the shortest time in which a packet can

reach on the ground across the hill? Take g = 10 m/s2.

33. Two discs of moments of inertia I1 and I2 about their respective axes (normal to the disc and passing through the [5]
centre), and rotating with angular speeds ω and ω are brought into contact face to face with their axes of
1 2

rotation coincident.
a. What is the angular speed of the two-disc system?
b. Show that the kinetic energy of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial kinetic energies of the
two discs. How do you account for this loss in energy? Take ω 1≠
ω2 .
OR
a. A cat is able to land on its feet after a fall. Why?

Page 6 of 16
b. If angular momentum moment of inertia is decreased, will its rotational K.E. be also conserved? Explain.

Page 7 of 16
 Solution

Section A

1.
(c) Resistance
Explanation: [Resistance] = [ML2T-3A-2]
∴ Unit of resistance = kg m2A-2s-3
2. (a) there is no transfer of heat
Explanation: There is no transfer of heat from compression to rarefaction as air is a bad conductor of heat. And time of
compression/rarefaction is too small.
3.
(b) 5 : 7
2

Explanation: For a solid sphere, k 2

=
2R

aslipping = g sin θ
g sin θ g sin θ 5
αrolling = = = g sin θ
k2 2 7
1+
1+
5
2
R
arolling
5
∴ =
aslipping 7

=5:7
4.
(d) 6.92 × 105 N

2
m
f
Explanation: p = a
=
F
=
3000×9.8

−2
A 4.25×10

105
N
= 6.92 × 2
m

5.
−GMe
(d) r

Explanation: The gravitational potential at a distance r from the centre of the earth.
−GMe
v(r) = r

6.
(b) 6
−1
v 340 ms
Explanation: Fundamental frequency is ν = 4l
=
4×0.85 m
= 100 Hz

Only odd harmonics are present in the pipe closed at one end. So the possible harmonics less than 12500 Hz are
100 Hz, 300 Hz, 500 Hz, 700 Hz, 900 Hz, 1100 Hz
These are six in number.
7.
2 1
(c) 2
−
2
n n

Explanation: Snth = 0 + a

2
(2n - 1)
Sn = 0 + 1

2
an
2

a
Se th 2 (2n − 1) 2 1
∴ = = −
Sn 1 2 n 2
an n
2

Page 8 of 16
 8.
(c) 2π

Explanation: After 2 seconds, the two pulses will nullify each other. As the string now becomes straight, there will be no
deformation in the string. In such a situation, the string will not have any potential energy.
9.
(d) 28 N
Explanation: Force required to separate the plates,
−3 −2

F= 2T A

x
=
2×70×10 × 10

−3
N = 28 N
0.05×10

10.
2
−3Gm
(c) L
2
−3Gm
Explanation: L

11.
(d) t = 1 s
Explanation: θ(t) = 2 t3 - 6t2
ω =
dθ

dt
= 6t2 - 12t
α =
dω

dt
= 12t - 12 = 0
⇒ t = 1s
2λ
12. (a) 3

Explanation: By Wien's law,

′ ′
λm T = λm T

′ λT
∴ λm =
′
T
λ×2000 2λ
= =
3000 3

13.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: In case of the uniform circular motion, the tangential force is zero, only force is the centripetal force. Since the
velocity of the body along the direction of the centripetal force is zero, so the power developed by the centripetal force is zero
or in term of work done which is zero in circular motion (because displacement is zero) thus the power which is work done per
unit time is also zero.
In the case of the non-uniform circular motion, the body has velocity in the direction of the tangential force. That is why, we
say that this force develops power. In uniform motion α = 0, τ = 0. No work is done.
14. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The time period of satellite, T ∝ r3/2 or, T ∝ (Re + h)3/2
For a satellite revolving close to surface of earth, h ≈ 0
3/2
∴ T∝R c . It is evident that the period of revolution of a satellite depends upon its height above the earth's surface.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. The principle of superposition of waves states that when a number of waves travel through a medium simultaneously, the resultant
displacement of any particle of the medium at any given time is equal to the algebraic sum of the displacements due to the
individual waves. Mathematically,
y1 = y1 + y2 + y3 + ... + yn
b
18. Let x = K η a
[Ek ] , then
L1 = [ML-1 T-2]a [ML2 T-2]b
= Ma + b L-a + 2b T-2a - 2b
∴ a + b = 0, - a + 2b = 1, -2a - 2b = 0

Page 9 of 16
 On solving, a = − , b = 1

3
1

3
1/3
1/3 Ek
Hence x = K η −1/3
E
k
= K[
η
]

19. Let v = K gp hq,

where K = a dimensionless constant. Putting the dimensions of various quantities, we get
LT-1 = [LT-2]p [L]q
or L1T-1 = Lp + q T-2p
Equating the powers of L and T on both sides, we get:
p + q = 1, -2p = -1
On solving, p = , q = 1

2
1

20. As there is no external force in the horizontal direction, the momentum is changed in the vertical direction only by the
gravitational force in time 0 to 2 t0.
Change in momentum = external force × time interval
∣ → → → → ∣
′ ′
∴ ∣(m1 v 1 + m2 v 2 ) − (m1 v1 + m2 v2 )∣
∣ ∣

= (m1 + m2)g × (2f0 - 0 ) = 2(m1 + m2)gt0.

21. The mass of planet Jupiter is(m2) = 1.9 × 1027 kg

The mass of sun is 1.99 × 1030kg.

The mean distance of Jupiter from the Sun is(r) = 7.8 × 1011m
GMm2
F =
2
r
−11 30 27
6.67× 10 ×1.99× 10 ×1.9× 10
=
11 2
(7.8× 10 )

23
F = 4.1 × 10 N
2
−
−− −−−−−−−−
mv Fr GMm r
∴ F = ⇒ v = √ = √ ×
r m 2 m
r

4 −1
v = 1.3 × 10 ms

OR
Here m = 0.25 kg, M = 5.983 × 1024 kg, R = 6.378 × 106 m
Force of gravitation between earth and apple,
F= GMm

2
R

Acceleration of the apple towards the earth,

a= =
F

m
GM

2
R

= 9.810 ms-2
−11 24

= 6.67 × 10 × 5.983 × 10

2
6
(6.378 × 10 )

Acceleration of the earth towards the apple,

−11
′ F Gm 6.67 × 10 × 0.25
a = = =
m 2 6 2
R (6.378 × 10 )

= 4.099 × 10-25 ms-2

Section C
22. The physical significance of Reynold's number. Consider a narrow tube having a cross-sectional area A Suppose a fluid flows
through it with a velocity v for a time interval Δt.
Length of the fluid = Velocity × time = v Δt
The volume of the fluid flowing through the tube in time Δt = Av Δt
Mass of the fluid,
Δm = Volume × density = Av Δt × ρ

The inertial force acting per unit area of the fluid

Rate of change of momentum
= F

A
=
A
AvΔtρ×v
= Δm×v

Δt×A
=
Δt×A
= ρv
2

Viscous force per unit area of the fluid

v
= η× velocity gradient = η D

Page 10 of 16
 2
Inertial force per unit area ρv ρvD

Viscous force per unit area

= =
η
= Re
ηv/D

Thus Reynold's number represents the ratio of the inertial force per unit area to the viscous force per unit area.
23. The triple point of water: The triple point of water is the state at which the three phases of water namely ice, liquid water, and
water vapor are equally stable and co-exist in equilibrium. It is unique because it occurs at a specific temperature of 273.16 K and
a specific pressure of 0.46 cm of Hg column. Thus for water.
Ptr = 0.46 cm of Hg
Ttr = 273.16 K or 0.01°C
In modern thermometry, the triple point of water is chosen to be one of the fixed points. As it is characterized by a unique
temperature and pressure, it is preferred over the conventional fixed points namely the melting point of ice and boiling point of
water. The melting point of ice and the boiling point of water both change with pressure. Moreover, the presence of impurities
changes their values. But the triple point of water is independent of external factors.
In the absolute Kelvin scale, the triple point of water is assigned the value 273.16 K. The absolute zero is taken as the other fixed
point on this scale.
24. Initially, the food packet shares the upward velocity of the balloon, so,
u = 9.8 ms-1, g = - 9.8 ms-2, s = -39.2 m
Here s is taken negatively because it is in the opposite direction of the initial velocity.
Using, s = ut + 1

2
gt2, we get
-39.2 = 9.8 t - 1

2
× 9.8 t2
or 4.9 t2 - 9.8 t - 39.2 = 0 or t2 - 2t - 8 = 0
or (t - 4) (t + 2) = 0 or t = 4 s or - 2 s
As time is never negative, so t = 4 s
The velocity with which the food packet reaches the ground is
v = u + gt = 9.8 - 9.8 × 4 = -29.4 ms-1
A negative sign shows that the velocity is directed vertically downwards.
25. Here m = 0.4 kg, r = 1.2 m, ν = 2 rps
Angular speed, ω = 2πv = 2π × 2 = 4π rad s-1
i. When body is at bottom of the circle. Let T1 be tension in the string. Then
T1 - mg = Centripetal force = mrω 2

or T1 = m(rω + g) = 0.4 [1.2 × (4π) + 9.8]

2 2

= 0.4 [1.2 × 16 × 9.87 + 9.8]

= 0.4 [189.5 + 9.8] = 79.32 N
ii. When the body is at the top of the circle. Let T2 be the tension in the string. Then
T2 + mg = Centripetal force = mrω 2

or T2 = m(rω - g) = 0.4 [ 1.2 × (4π) - 9.8]

2 2

= 0.4 [189.5 - 9.8] = 71.88 N

26. Initial volume of gas ,V1= V
Final volume of gas, V2 = 2 V
Initial temperature of gas T = Final temperature of gas = 400 K (∴ process is isothermal)
Universal gas constant, R = 8. 3 kJ /mole / K = 8.3x10-3 J/mole/ K
V2
Work done during isothermal process=w=2.3026 RT Log10( V1
)

−3 2V
W = 2.3026 × 8.3 × 10 × 400 × log10 ( )
V

−3
W = 2.3026 × 8.3 × 10 × 400 × log 10 (2)

W = 2.3016J
If H is the heat produced then,
W 2.3016
H = = = 0.548cal
J 4.2

27. Mass of the helicopter, mh = 1000 kg, total mass of the system = 1300 kg

Page 11 of 16
 i. The mass of crew plus passengers m1 = 300 kg. When the helicopter is rising up then apparent weight is
W = m1(g + a) = m1(g + 15) = 300 (10 + 15) = 7500 N
Since the helicopter is accelerating vertically upward, the reaction force will also be directed upward. Therefore, as per the
Newton's third law of motion the force acting on the floor of the helicopter is 7500 N acting downwards.
ii. The mass of the helicopter will also be included. Therefore m2 = 1300 kg. The force acting on the surrounding air by the rotor
= (1300)(10 + 15) = 32500 N acting downward.
iii. By Newton's Third Law of motion, the magnitude of the force acting on the helicopter due to the surrounding air is the same
as in case (ii) above i.e., 32500 N. But the direction of the force will be opposite i.e., in the upward direction.
28. Radius, r = 0.1

2
mm = 0.05 mm = 0.005 cm
Surface tension, σ = 75 dyne cm-1
density, ρ = 1 gcm-3; angle of contact, θ = 0o
Let h be the height to which water rises in the capillary tube. Then
∘
2×75×cos 0
h= 2σ cos θ

rρg
=
0.005×1×981
= 30.58 cm
Given the length of the capillary tube, h' = 5 cm
′

i. As h > h

2
, so the first possibility is ruled out.
ii. As the tube is of insufficient length, the water will rise upto the upper end of the tube.
iii. The water will not overflow out of the upper end of the capillary. It will rise only up to the upper end of the capillary. The
liquid meniscus will adjust its radius of curvature R' in such a way that
R h = Rh [∵ hR = = constant]
′ ′ 2σ

ρg

where R is the radius of curvature that the liquid meniscus would possess if the capillary tube were of sufficient length.
∴ R =
′
= =
Rh

′
= 0.0306 cm [∵ R =
rh

′
=
5
= r]
0.005×30.58 r

cos θ
r
∘
h h cos 0

OR
Let the speed of the flow be v.
Given, diameter of tap = d = 1.25 cm
Volume of water flowing out per second.
2 4Q
Q=v× πd

4
⇒ v= 2
d π
4ρQ
Estimate Reynold’s number, Re = πdη

10-3 = 8 × 10-6
3

Q = 0.48 min
L
=8× L

s
m

s
3 −6
4× 10 ×8× 10
Re =
−2 −3
3.14×1.25× 10 × 10

Re = 815 [i.e. below 1000, the flow is steady] After some time, when

= 5 × 105
3

Q=3 L

min
m

s
3 −5
4× 10 ×5× 10
Re = −2 −3
= 5095
314×1.25× 10 × 10

∴ The flow will be turbulent.

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Potential energy is the energy stored within an object, due to the object's position, arrangement or state. Potential energy is one of
the two main forms of energy, along with kinetic energy. Potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects.

(i) (a) mechanical energy

Explanation: mechanical energy

Page 12 of 16
 (ii) (a) potential energy decreases
Explanation: potential energy decreases
(iii) (c) both only when spring is stretched and compressed
Explanation: both only when spring is stretched and compressed
OR

(b) 5 × 105 J
Explanation: 5 × 105 J
(iv) (b) T-2
Explanation: T-2
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly colliding and
changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic energy.

(i) (b) becomes double

Explanation: becomes double
(ii) (d) Zero
Explanation: Zero
(iii) (d) remains same
Explanation: remains same
(iv) (a) 1:1
Explanation: 1:1
OR
(c) 4.08 v
Explanation: 4.08 v
Section E
31. For calculation of this problem we can proceed in following manner-
Area of cross-section of the U-tube = A
Density of the mercury column = ρ
Acceleration due to gravity = g
Restoring force, F = Weight of the mercury column of a certain height
F = –(Volume × Density × g)
F = −(A × 2h × ρ × g) = −2ρ gh = –k × Displacement in one of the arms (h)

Where, 2h is the height of the mercury column in the two arms k is a constant, given by k = − F

h
= 2Aρg
−− −−−−
Time period, T = 2π√
m

k
= 2π√
m

2Aρg

Where, m is the mass of the mercury column

Let l be the length of the total mercury in the U-tube.
Mass of mercury, m = Volume of mercury × Density of mercury
= Alρ

Page 13 of 16
 −− −
− − −
m l
∴ T = 2π√ = 2π√
2Aρg 2g

−−
l
Hence, the mercury column executes simple harmonic motion with time period 2π√ 2g
.
OR
–
a. sin ωt + cos ωt = √2 sin(ωt +
π

4
) ,T= 2π

b. Each term represents S.H.M.

Period of sinπ t, T = = 2s
2π

Period of 2 cos 2π t = 2π

2π
= 1s = T

Period of 2 cos 3π t = 2π

2π
= 2

3
s= T

The sum is not simple harmonic but periodic with

T = 2s.
c. cos(2ωt + ) represents S.H.M. with
π

T= 2π

2ω
=
π

d. sin 2
ωt =
1

2
− (
1

2
) cos 2ωt

The function does not represent S.H.M. but is periodic with T = 2π

2ω
= π

ω
.
e. cos ωt + 2 sin ωt = cos ωt + 1 − cos 2ωt
2

= 1 + cosω t − cos2ω t
cos ωt represents S.H.M. with T = 2π

cos 2ω t represents S.H.M. with period

= 2π

2ω
= = π

ω
T

The combined function does not represent S.H.M. but is periodic with T = 2π

ω
.
32. As shown in figure, if point of projection is taken as the origin of the coordinate system, the projected body must pass through a
point having coordinates (32 m, 16 m). If u be the initial velocity of the projectile and θ the angle of projection, then
Horizontal component of initial velocity, ux = u cosθ
Vertical component of initial velocity, uy = u sinθ

If the body passes through point P after time t, then horizontal distance covered,
x = (u cos θ)t
or 32 = (24 cos θ)t ..... (i)
Similarly, vertical distance covered,
1 2
y = (u sin θ)t − gt
2
1
or 16 = (24 sin θ)t − 2
× 10 × t
2

From equation (i), t = 32

24 cos θ

Putting this value of t in equation (ii), we get

2
32 1 32
16 = (24 sin θ) − ×10 × ( )
24 cos θ 2 24 cos θ

or 16 = 32 tan θ − 5 × 16

2
9 cos θ

or 1 = 2 tan θ − 5

9
sec
2
θ

or 9 = 18 tan θ - 5(1 + tan2θ)

or 5 tan2θ - 18 tan θ + 14 = 0
2
18± √(18) −4×5×14

∴ tan θ =
10

= 2.462 or 1.37
Hence θ = 67o54' or 48o40'
OR

Page 14 of 16
 Speed of packets, u = 125 m/s
Height of hill, h = 500 m
For a packet to cross the hill the vertical components of the speed of packet (125 ms-1) must be minimized so that it can attain a
height of 500 m and the distance between hill and cannon must be half the range of packet.
2 2
v = u + 2gh

2
0 = uy − 2gh
−−− −−−−−−−−− − −−−−−
uy = √2gh = √2 × 10 × 500 = √10000

uy = 100m/s

2 2 2
u = ux + uy

2 2 2 2 2 2
(125) = ux + 100 ⇒ ux = 125 − 100

2
ux = (125 − 100)(125 + 100) = 25 × 225

ux = 5 × 15 ⇒ [ux = 75m/s]

Vertical motion of packet

vy = uy + gt

0 = 100 - 10 t
Total time to reach the top of hill, t = 10 s
∴ Total time of flight = 2 × 10 = 20 s

So the canon must be at = u × 10 = 75 × 10m = 750m

x

Hence, the distance between hill and canon = 750 m

So the distance to which canon must move toward the hill = 800 - 750 = 50 m
distance 50
Time taken to move canon in 50 m = speed
=
2
= 25sec

Hence, the total time taken by packet from 800 m away from hill to reach other side,
Ttotal = 25s + 10s + 10s = 45 Seconds.
33. 1. Conservation of angular momentum is a physical property of a spinning system such that its spin remains constant unless it
is acted upon by an external torque; put another way, the speed of rotation is constant as long as net torque is zero.
Moment of inertia of disc I = I1
Angular speed of disc I = ω 1

Moment of inertia of disc II = I2

Angular speed of disc II = ω 2
Angular momentum of disc I , L = I ω 1 1 1

Angular momentum of disc I I , L = I ω 2 2 2

Total initial angular momentum, L = I ω + I ω i 1 1 2 2

When the two discs are joined together, their moments of inertia get added up.
Moment of inertia of the system of two discs, I = I1 + I2
Let ω be the angular speed of the system.
Total final angular momentum, L = (I + I ) ω f 1 2

Using the law of conservation of angular momentum, we have:

Li = Lf
I1 ω1 + I2 ω2 = (I1 + I2 ) ω
I1 ω1 + I2 ω2
∴ ω =
I1 + I2

2. Mechanical energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies in a system. The principle of the conservation of
mechanical energy states that the total mechanical energy in a system (i.e., the sum of the potential plus kinetic energies)
remains constant as long as the only forces acting are conservative forces.
Kinetic energy of disc I, E 1 =
1

2
I1 ω
2
1

Kinetic energy of disc II, E 2 =

1

2
I2 ω
2
2

Total initial kinetic energy, E i =

1

2
(I1 ω
2
1
+ I2 ω )
2
2

When the discs are joined, their moments of inertia get added up.

Page 15 of 16
 Moment of inertia of the system, I = I1 + I2
Angular speed of the system = ω
Final kinetic energy Ef:
1 2
= (I1 + I2 ) ω
2
2 2
I1 ω1 + I2 ω2 ( I1 ω1 + I2 ω2 )
1 1
= (I1 + I2 ) ( ) =
2 I1 + I2 2 I1 + I2

∴ Ei − Ej
2
1 ( I1 ω1 + I2 ω2 )
2 2
= (I1 ω + I2 ω ) −
2 1 2
2( I1 + I2 )
2 2 2 2
I ω I ω 2I1 I2 ω1 ω2
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
= I1 ω + I2 ω − − −
2 1 2 2 2 ( I1 + I2 ) 2 ( I1 + I2 ) 2 ( I1 + I2 )

1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
= [ I ω + I1 I2 ω + I1 I2 ω + I ω − I ω − I ω − I1 I2 ω1 ω2 ]
( I1 + I2 ) 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

I1 I2
2 2
= [ω + ω − 2ω1 ω2 ]
2( I1 + I2 ) 1 2

2
I1 I2 ( ω1 − ω2 )
=
2( I1 + I2 )

All the quantities on RHS are positive.

∴ Ei − Ef > 0

Thus, Ef < Ei
Hence, the kinetic energy of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial kinetic energies of the two discs.
The loss of KE can be attributed to the frictional force that comes into play when the two discs come in contact with each
other.
OR
a. When cat lands on the ground, it stretches its tail as a result its moment of inertia increases
As I ω = constant (In the absence of external torque,angular momentum of the system remains constant)
∴ Angular speed will be small due to increase in moment of inertia and the cat is able to land on its feet without any harm as it
provides enough time for cat to land on the ground.
b. Let moment of inertia of a system decrease from I to I’
Then angular speed increase from ω to ω ′

⇒ I ω = I ω (∵ I ω = constant because in the absence of external torque angular momentum of the system remains
′ ′

conserved)
′ Iω
ω = ′
I

Kinetic Energy of rotation of the system

1 ′ ′2
KE = I ω
2
2
1 ′ Iω
KE = I ( ′
)
2 I
2 2
1 I ω
K. E = ′
2 I

As I' < I
∴ Kinetic Energy of the system has increased which means it will not remain constant.

Page 16 of 16
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 6

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The unit of a in van der Waal's gas equation is: [1]

a) atm L2 per mol b) atm L-1 mol-2

c) atm L2 mol-2 d) atm L-2 mol2

2. Equation of plane wave is y = 4 sin

π
[2t +
x
] [1]
4 8

The phase difference at any given instant of two particles 16 cm apart is

a) 60° b) 30°

c) 90° d) 120°
3. If force acts on a body, whose line of action does not pass through its centre of gravity, then the body will [1]
experience

a) linear acceleration b) angular acceleration

c) both angular acceleration and linear d) none of these

acceleration
4. For different capillaries of radius r, the condition of liquid rise (h) above the liquid surface is [1]

a) h

r
= constant b) h - r = constant

c) h + r = constant d) rh = constant
5. Two heavy spheres each of mass 100 kg and radius 0.10 m are placed 1.0 m apart on a horizontal table. What is [1]

Page 1 of 18
 the gravitational force and potential at the midpoint of the line joining the centers of the spheres? Is an object
placed at that point in equilibrium? If so, is the equilibrium stable or unstable?

a) 0, 1.9 × 10−8 J/kg, unstable b) 0, 1.9 × 10−8 J/kg stable

c) 0, 2.7 × 10-8 J/kg, unstable d) 0, 2.7 × 10

−8
J/kg, stable

6. There are three sources of the sound of equal intensities with frequencies 400, 401, and 402 Hz. The number of [1]
beats per seconds is:

a) 2 b) 0

c) 1 d) 3
7. For the one-dimensional motion, described by x = t–sin t [1]

a) x (t) > 0 for all t > 0 b) v (t) lies between 0 and 2.

c) a (t) > 0 for all t > 0 d) v (t) > 0 for all t > 0
8. A standing wave is represented by: [1]
y = a sin (100t) cos (0.01x),
where y and a are in millimetre, t in second and x in metre. Velocity of wave is:

a) not derived b) 1 m/s

c) 104 m/s d) 10-4 m/s

9. In figure, pressure inside a spherical drop is more than pressure outside. (S = surface tension and r = radius of [1]
bubble)

The extra surface energy if radius of bubble is in creased by Δr is

a) 2πr Δr S b) 4πr Δr S

c) 10πr Δr S d) 8πr Δr S

10. A ball is dropped from a spacecraft revolving around the earth at a height of 120 km. What will happen to the [1]
ball?

a) it will continue to move with the same speed b) it will go very far in the space
along the original orbit of spacecraft

c) it will fall down to the earth gradually d) it will move with the same speed
tangentially to the spacecraft
11. If a gymnast sitting on a rotating stool with his arms outstretched, suddenly lowers his hands: [1]

a) The angular velocity decreases b) His moment of inertia decreases

c) The angular momentum increases d) The angular velocity stays constant

12. For an enclosure maintained at 1,000 K, the maximum radiation occurs at wavelength λ . If the temperature is
m [1]
raised to 2,000 K, the peak will shift to

Page 2 of 18
 λm 3λm
a) 2
b) 2

5λm 7λm
c) 2
d) 2

13. Assertion (A): A person working on in horizontal road with a load on his head does no work. [1]
Reason (R): No work is said to be done if directions of force and displacement of load are perpendicular to each
other.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion: The temperature of a gas rises during an adiabatic compression, although no heat is given from [1]
outside.
Reason: During adiabatic compression pressure of gas decreases.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion: Earth is continuously pulling moon towards its centre but moon does not fall to earth. [1]
Reason: Attraction of sun on moon is greater than that of earth on moon.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): Minimum number of vectors having unequal magnitude in a plane required to give zero resultant [1]
is three.
Reason (R): If vector addition of three vectors is zero, then they must lie in a plane.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Find the ratio of velocity of sound in hydrogen gas (γ = ) to that in helium gas (γ = ) at the same [2]
7 5

5 3

temperature. Given that molecular weights of hydrogen and helium are 2 and 4 respectively.
18. Find an expression for viscous force F acting on a tiny steel ball of radius r moving in a viscous liquid of [2]
viscosity η with a constant speed ν by the method of dimensional analysis.
19. The orbital velocity ν of a satellite may depend on its mass m, distance r from the centre of earth and [2]
acceleration due to gravity g. Obtain an expression for orbital velocity.
20. An elevator and its load weigh a total of 800 kg. Find the tension T in the supporting cable when the elevator, [2]

originally moving downwards at 20 ms-1 is brought to rest with constant retardation in a distance of 50 m.
21. Are we living at the bottom of a gravitational well? Give reason. [2]

Page 3 of 18
 OR
Explain why a tennis ball bounces higher on hills than in plane.
Section C

22. In Millikan's oil drop experiment, what is the terminal speed of an uncharged drop of radius 2.0 × 10-5m and [3]

density 1.2 × 103 kgm-3? Take the viscosity of air at the temperature of the experiment to be 1.8 × 10-5 Pa s.
How much is the viscous force on the drop at that speed? Neglect buoyancy of the drop due to air.
23. A thermacole icebox is a cheap and efficient method for storing small quantities of cooked food in summer in [3]
particular. A cubical icebox of side 30 cm has a thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg of ice is put in the box, estimate

the amount of ice remaining after 6 h. The outside temperature is 45oC, and co-efficient of thermal conductivity

of thermacole is 0.01 J s-1m-1K-1. [Heat of fusion of water = 335 × 103 J kg-1]

24. Figure gives the x-t plot of a particle executing one-dimensional simple harmonic motion. Give the signs of [3]
position, velocity and acceleration variables of the particle at t = 0.3 s, 1.2 s, -1.2 s.

25. A batsman deflects a ball by an angle of 45° without changing its initial speed which is equal to 54 km/h. What [3]
is the impulse imparted to the ball? (Mass of the ball is 0.15 kg.)
26. What is meant by a reversible heat engine? Explain why a reversible engine is most efficient. [3]

27. A hammer of mass 1 kg strikes on the head of a nail with a velocity of 10 ms-1. It drives the nail 1 cm into a [3]
wooden block. Calculate the force applied by the hammer and the time of impact.
28. A liquid is kept in a cylindrical vessel that is being rotated about its axis. The liquid rises at the sides. If the [3]
radius of the vessel is 0.05 m and the speed of rotation is 2 rps, find the difference in the heights of the liquid at
the centre of the vessel and at its sides.
OR
What is terminal velocity and derive an expression for it?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 by English mathematician Benjamin Robins.
A Ballistic Pendulum is a device for measuring a bullet's momentum and speed by employing perfectly inelastic
collision.

A large wooden block suspended by two cords serves as the pendulum bob. When a bullet is fired into the bob, it
gets embedded in the bob and its momentum is transferred to the bob.
The bullet's momentum and velocity can be determined from the amplitude of the pendulum swing. The velocity
of the bullet, in turn, can be derived from its calculated momentum.
After collision, if the pendulum reaches a height h, then from principle of conservation of mechanical energy

Page 4 of 18
 1

2
(m + M ) vp
2
= (m + M)gh
where, m= mass of bullet, M = mass of the bob vP = velocity of the bob-bullet combination
−−−
∴ vp = √2gh

Now, Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision

mvB = (m + M ) vp

where, v = velocity of bullet

B

m+M −−−
vB = √2gh
m

the ballistic pendulum used to be a common tool for the determination of the muzzle velocity of bullets as a
measure of the performance of firearms and ammunition (Nowadays, the ballistics pendulum has been replaced
by the ballistic chronograph, an electronic device).
(i) In ballistic pendulum the collision is

a) Perfectly inelastic b) Partly elastic, partly inelastic

c) Elastic d) Inelastic
(ii) Which two principles of Physics are applied to find the velocity of the bullet?

a) conservation of mass and conservation b) conservation of mechanical energy,

of momentum conservation of momentum and
conservation of mass

c) conservation of mechanical energy and d) conservation of mechanical energy and

conservation of momentum conservation of mass
(iii) The ballistic pendulum was invented by a

a) Chemist b) Warrior

c) Mathematician d) Physicist
OR
A ballistic pendulum of 1 kg is fired with a bullet of mass 1 g. If the pendulum rises 2 cm, find the velocity
of the bullet.

a) 6330 m/s b) 0.633 m/s

c) 12.65 m/s d) 633 m/s

(iv) Ballistic pendulum has been replaced by

a) Gyrograph b) Seismograph

c) Tachograph d) Chronograph
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual
gas molecules and the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at

Page 5 of 18
 a given temperature.

(i) Moon has no atmosphere because:

a) the escape velocity of the moon’s b) it is far away from the surface of the
surface is more than the r.m.s velocity earth
of all molecules

c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas d) its surface temperature is 10oC
molecules is more than the escape
velocity of the moon’s surface
CP
(ii) For an ideal gas, CV
is

a) ≤ 1 b) none of these

c) > 1 d) < 1
–
(iii) The root means square velocity of hydrogen is √5 times that of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas
then:

a) T(H2) = T(N2) b) T(H2) < T(N2)

c) none of these d) T(H2) > T(N2)

(iv) Suppose the temperature of the gas is tripled and N2 molecules dissociate into an atom. Then what will be
the rms speed of atom:
–
a) none of these b) v0 √6

–
c) v 0 √3 d) v0

OR
The velocities of the molecules are v, 2v, 3v, 4v & 5v. The RMS speed will be:

a) 11 v b) v(12)11

c) v d) v(11)12

Section E
31. The motion of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is described by the displacement function, x(t) = [5]
Acos(ωt + ϕ ) If the initial (t = 0) position of the particle is 1 cm and its initial velocity is ω cm /s, then what are
its amplitude and initial phase angle? The angular frequency of the particle is π s-1. If instead of the cosine
function, we choose the sine function to describe the SHM, x = Bsin(ωt + ϕ ), then what are the amplitude and
initial phase of the particle with the above initial conditions?
OR

Page 6 of 18
 Using the correspondence of S.H.M. and uniform circular motion, find displacement, velocity, amplitude, time period
and frequency of a particle executing S.H.M?
32. A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it have a location in space? Can it vary with time? Will two equal [5]
vectors a and b at different locations in space necessarily have identical physical effects? Give examples in
support of your answer.
OR
A quarterback, standing on his opponents 35-yard line, throws a football directly down field, releasing the ball at a
height of 2.00 m above the ground with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s, directed 30.0° above the horizontal.
i. How long does it take for the ball to cross the goal line, 32.0 m from the point of release?
ii. The ball is thrown too hard and so passes over the head of the intended receiver at the goal line. What is the ball's
height above the ground as it crosses the goal line?
33. A disc of radius R is removed from a disc of radius 2R as shown. [5]

Find centre of mass of above disc with hole.

OR
Two cylindrical hollow drums of radii R and 2R, and of a common height h, are rotating with angular velocities ω 1

(anti-clockwise) and ω (clockwise), respectively. Their axes, fixed are parallel and in a horizontal plane separated
2

by (3R + δ) . They are now brought in contact (δ → 0) .

i. Show the frictional forces just after contact.
ii. Identify forces and torques external to the system just after contact.
iii. What would be the ratio of final angular velocities when friction ceases?

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A

1. (a) atm L2 per mol

Explanation: Van der Wall's equation is
a
(P + ) (V − b) = RT
2
V

∴ [P] = [ a

2
] or [a] = [P][V2]
V

Unit of a = atm L2 per mole.

2.
(c) 90°

Explanation: y = 4 sin[ 2π

4
t +
π

32
x]

2π 2π
y = A sin[ t + x]
T λ

2π π π
Δϕ = Δx = × 16 =
λ 32 2

3.
(c) both angular acceleration and linear acceleration
Explanation: The body will experience both linear and angular accelerations.
4.
(d) rh = constant
Explanation: h = 2σ cos θ

rρg

For a given liquid-solid pair,

hr = = constant
2σ cos θ

ρg

5.
(c) 0, 2.7 × 10-8 J/kg, unstable
Explanation: Here, G = 6.67 × 10−11N m2 kg−2
M = 100 kg
R = 0.1 m
Distance between the two spheres d = 1.0 m
Suppose that the distance of either sphere from the midpoint of the line joining their centre is r. Then
r = = 0.5 m
d

The gravitational field at the midpoint due to two spheres will be equal and opposite.
Hence, the resultant gravitational field at the midpoint = 0
The gravitational potential at the midpoint.
−GM
= ( ) × 2
r

−11
6.67× 10 ×100×2
= −
0.5

= −2.7 × 10−8 Jkg-1

As the effective force on the body placed at the midpoint is zero, so the body is in equilibrium, if the body is displaced a little
towards either mass body from its equilibrium position, it will not return to its initial position of equilibrium. Hence, the body
is in unstable equilibrium.
6.
(c) 1
Explanation: Beat frequency formula for calculating the beat between two overlapping sound waves is f b = f1 - f2 (f1 & f2 are
two incident sound waves).
f1 = 402 - 401 = 1 Hz

Page 8 of 18
 f2 = 402 - 400 = 2 Hz
Fb = 2 - 1 = 1 Hz

7. (a) x (t) > 0 for all t > 0

Explanation: For x(t) > 0 for t > 0
x(t) = t - sint > 0
sint < t
Dividing by t on both sides, this wouldn’t affect the inequality, since we have assumed t > 0.
sin t

t
<1
This is always true for any t > 0
8.
(c) 104 m/s
Explanation: y = A sin (100t) cos (0.01x)
2π 2π
y = A sin( t) cos( x)
T λ

∴
2π

T
= 100 or T = π

50
2π

λ
= 0.01 or λ = 200π
λ 200π 4
v = = π
= 10 m/s
T
50

9.
(d) 8πr Δr S
Explanation: Suppose a spherical drop of radius r is in equilibrium. If its radius increases by Δr . The extra surface energy is
2 2
∣
∣4π(r + Δr) − 4πr ∣
∣ S = 8πrΔrS

10. (a) it will continue to move with the same speed along the original orbit of spacecraft
Explanation: In the absence of any external torque, the ball will continue to move with the same speed along the original orbit
of spacecraft.
11.
(b) His moment of inertia decreases
Explanation: When gymnast lowers his hand the distance of the mass from rotational axis decrease. Hence his moment of
inertia decreases and angular velocity increases to conserve angular momentum.
λm
12. (a) 2
′
λm T 1000 1
Explanation: λm
= ′
=
2000
=
2
T
λm
′
λm =
2

13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The work done, W = F ⃗ ⋅ s ⃗ = Fscosθ, when a person walks on a horizontal road with a load on his head than θ =
90o. Hence W = Fs cos 90o = 0
Thus no work is done by the person.
14.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
15.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Section B
−
− −
−
γRT
17. v = √ M
−−−−−−−−
vH γH MHe
At constant temperature, vHe
= √
γHe
⋅
MH

Page 9 of 18
 −−−−−−
−−
7/5 4 42
= √ ⋅ = √ = 1.68
5/3 2 25

18. It is given that viscous force F depends on (i) the radius r of steel ball, (ii) the Speed ν of the tiny steel ball, and (iii) the
coefficient of viscosity η of viscous liquid.
Wriring dimensional formula for given quantities, we have
F = [MLT-1], r = [L], ν =[LT-1] and
η= [M1L-1T-1],
According to given condition we can write
[M1L1T-2] = [L]a[M0L1T-1]b[ML-1T-1]c
= [McLa-b-cT-b-c]
Comparing powers of M, L and T on either side of equation, we get
c=1
a+b-c=1
- b - c = -2
On solving, these above equations, we get
a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1
Hence, the relation becomes
f = krην
Here, k is constant of proportionality.
19. Let the orbital velocity of satellite be given by the relation
a b c
v = km r g

where, k is a dimensionless constant and a, b, c are unknown powers.

Writing dimensions on two sides of equation, we have
[M0L1T-1] = [M]a[L]b[LT-2]c = [MaLb+cT-2c]
By equating the powers on both sides, we have
a = 0, b + c = 1, -2c = -1
On solving these equations, we get
a = 0, b = + and c = + 1

2
1

1/2 1/2
v = kr g

−−
⇒ v = k√rg , which is the required expression.
20. Here, m = 800 kg, T = ?
u = 20m/s, υ = 0, s = 50m
From υ2 - u2 = 2as
2 2

= -4m/s2
v −u 0−400
a= =
2s 2×50

As elevator is moving downwards

∴ T = m(g - a) = 800(9.8 + 4)N

= 1.104 × 104 N
21. Yes, we are living at the bottom of a gravitational well. Figure shows the variation of gravitational force F with distance r from the
centre of the earth. Clearly, the graph has a force minimum at the surface of the earth (r = R).

OR
Let u be the velocity of the tennis ball with which it bounces at a place , where acceleration due to gravity is g’ . The ball will go
up till its velocity becomes zero . If h is the height up to which the ball rises up at a place , then initial K.E. of the ball is equal to
final P.E. of the ball at highest point .
1 2 ′
( )mv = mg h
2

Page 10 of 18
 2
u
h =
′
2g

As acceleration due to gravity (g’)on hill is less than that on the surface of earth (due to altitude effect ), so the ball will bounce
higher on hills than on planes .
Section C
22. Terminal speed = 5.8 cm

s
; Viscous force = 3.9 × 10-10 N
Radius of the given uncharged drop, r = 2.0 × 10-5m
Density of the uncharged drop, ρ = 1.2 × 103 kgm-3
Viscosity of air, η = 1.8 × 10-5 Pa s
Density of air (P0) can be taken as zero in order to neglect buoyancy of air.
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m

2
s

Terminal velocity (v) is given by the relation:

2
2r ×(ρ− ρ )g
0
v =
9η
−5 3
2×(2.0× 10 )(1.2× 10 −0)9.8
v =
−5
9×1.8×10

= 5.807 × 10-2 ms-1

= 5.8 ms-1
Hence, the terminal speed of the drop is 5.8 cm s-1
The viscous force on the drop is given by:
F = 5πηrv
∴ F = 6 × 3.14 × 1.8 × 10-5 × 2.0 × 10-5 × 5.8 × 10-2
= 3.9 × 10-10 N
Hence, the viscous force on the drop is 3.9 × 10-10 N.
23. Side of the given cubical ice box is given by, s = 30 cm = 0.3 m
Thickness of the ice box is given by, l = 5.0 cm = 0.05 m
Mass of ice kept in the ice box is given by, m = 4 kg
Time gap, t = 6 h = 6 × 60 × 60s
Outside temperature is given by, T1= 45°C
Inside temperature, T2 = temperature of ice = 0℃

Coefficient of thermal conductivity of thermacole is given by, K = 0.01 J s-1m-1K-1

Latent heat of fusion of water is given by, L = 335 × 10 J kg 3 −1

Let m' be the total amount of ice that melts in 6 h.

Total amount of heat lost, θ in 6 hours by the food(mathematical form of the equation comes from the definition of the thermal
conductivity):
KA( T1 − T2 )t
θ=
l

Where,
A= Total surface area of the box = 6 × Surface area of each surface of the box= 6s 2 2
= 6 × (0.3)
2
= 0.54m

0.01×0.54×(45)×6×60×60
∴ θ= = 104976J
0.05

But θ = m L , from the definition of latent heat of melting of ice.

′

′ θ
∴ m =
L
104976
= = 0.313kg
3
335×10

Mass of ice left is given by = Mass of ice initially kept inside the box - Mass of ice melted in 6hrs = 4 - 0.313 = 3.687 kg
Hence, the amount of ice remaining after 6 h is 3.687 kg.
24. For simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a particle, acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
a = −ω x…..(i)2

where ω angular frequency and x = displacement

and velocity of the particle, v = .....(ii) dx

dt

where dx

dt
= slope of x-t plot
Now at t = 0.3 s
In this time interval, x is negative. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot will also be negative. From equation (ii) again, velocity is the

Page 11 of 18
 slope of x-t plot. Therefore, both position and velocity are negative. However, using equation (i), acceleration of the particle will
be positive.
Now at t = 1.2 s
In this time interval, x is positive. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot i.e. the velocity of the particle will also be positive from equation
(ii).
Therefore, both position and velocity are positive. However, using equation (i), acceleration of the particle comes to be negative.
And at t = -1.2 s
In this time interval, x is negative and t is also negative. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot i.e. the velocity of the particle will be
positive here from equation (ii). From equation (i), it can be inferred that the acceleration of the particle will be positive, as x is
negative.
25. The ball struck by the bat is deflected back such that the total angle is 45o.

Now, initial momentum of ball = mu cos θ

0.15×54×1000×cos 22.5
=
3600

= 0.15 × 15 × 0.9239 along ON

Final momentum of ball = mucos θ along ON
Impulse = change in momentum
= mucos θ - (-mucos θ)
= 2mucos θ
= 2 × 0.15 × 15 × 0.9239

i.e., Impulse = 4.16 kg ms-1

26. A reversible heat engine is an engine, which working in a cyclic process, continuously transforms heat into mechanical work such
that the processes taking place in the engine are completely reversible.
A reversible heat engine operating between a given pair of hot and cold heat reservoirs is most efficient as compared to other
engines because the engine is free from all imperfections of an actual (non-reversible) engine and there is no dissipation of energy
due to any cause, whatsoever. In fact, the efficiency of a reversible engine is a function of only the temperatures of two reservoirs
and does not depend even on the working substance.
27. It is given that the mass of hammer M = 1 kg and hammer strikes the nail with a velocity of 10 ms-1 . As mass of nail is extremely
small, hence nail also start moving with same velocity.
Thus, for nail u = 10 ms-1, v = 0 and distance covered, s = 1 cm = 0.01 m.
By using the relation v2 - u2 = 2as, we have
(0)2 - (10)2 = 2 × a × (0.01)
10×10
⇒ a= −
2×0.01
= −5 × 10 ms
3 −2
...............(1)
Now using the relation v = u + at, we obtain
0 = 10 - 5 × 103 . t [by using equation (1)]
s or 2 ms
10 −3
⇒ t = = 2 × 10
3
5×10
Δp Mu−0
Therefore, Force exerted by the hammer on the nail = Δt
=
Δt
=
1×10

−3
3
= 5 × 10 N
2×10

28. According to Bernoulli's theorem, we have p + 1

2
ρv
2
= constant
When the liquid rotates, the velocity at the sides is higher so the pressure is lower. Since the pressure on a given horizontal level
must be the same, the liquid rises at the sides to height h to compensate for this drop in pressure.

Page 12 of 18
 1 2
∴ ρv = hρg
2
2
2 (2πrv) 2 2 2

or h = v

2g
=
2g
=
2π

g
r v
[∵ v = ω r = 2π vr]
But r = 0.05 m, v = 2 rps
2 2
2×9.87×(0.05) × 2
∴ h= 9.8
= 0.02 m
OR
Terminal velocity is the maximum constant velocity acquired by the body which is falling freely in a viscous medium, due to the
balanced net downward force acting on the body with the upward resistive viscous force offered by the medium on the body.
When a small spherical body falls freely through a viscous medium then 3 forces act on it:-
i. Weight of body acting vertically downwards.
ii. Up thrust due to buoyancy = weight of fluid displaced by the body, acting upwards.
iii. Viscous drag (FV) or resistive viscous force acting in the direction opposite to the motion of body.
Let ρ = Density of the material of the spherical body
r = Radius of the spherical body
σ = Density of the viscous medium.
∴ True weight of the body = W = volume of the body × density of the body × g
4 3
∴ W = πr ρg
3

Up ward thrust by the fluid, FT = weight of medium displaced by the spherical body = volume of the body × density of the viscous
medium × g
4 3
= πr σg
3

Say, v = Terminal velocity of body

T

According to Stoke’s law, viscous drag or viscous force,

F = 6πη v
V (η being coefficient of viscosity of the medium)
T

When the body attains terminal velocity v , then T

FT + FV = W
4 3 4 3
⇒ πr σg + 6πηrvT = πr ρg
3 3
2
2r (ρ−σ)g
∴ vT =
9η

i. v directly depends on radius of body and difference of the pressure of material and medium.
T

ii. v inversely depends of co-efficient of viscosity of the medium.

T

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 by English mathematician Benjamin Robins.
A Ballistic Pendulum is a device for measuring a bullet's momentum and speed by employing perfectly inelastic collision.

Page 13 of 18
 A large wooden block suspended by two cords serves as the pendulum bob. When a bullet is fired into the bob, it gets embedded
in the bob and its momentum is transferred to the bob.
The bullet's momentum and velocity can be determined from the amplitude of the pendulum swing. The velocity of the bullet, in
turn, can be derived from its calculated momentum.
After collision, if the pendulum reaches a height h, then from principle of conservation of mechanical energy
(m + M )v = (m + M)gh
1 2
p
2

where, m= mass of bullet, M = mass of the bob vP = velocity of the bob-bullet combination
−−−
∴ vp = √2gh

Now, Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision

mvB = (m + M )vp

where, v = velocity of bullet

B

m+M −−−
vB = √2gh
m

the ballistic pendulum used to be a common tool for the determination of the muzzle velocity of bullets as a measure of the
performance of firearms and ammunition (Nowadays, the ballistics pendulum has been replaced by the ballistic chronograph, an
electronic device).
(i) (a) Perfectly inelastic
Explanation: A large wooden block suspended by two cords serves as the pendulum bob.
When a bullet is fired into the bob, it gets embedded in the bob and its momentum is transferred to the bob. Hence the
collision is perfectly inelastic.
(ii) (c) conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of momentum
Explanation: Principle of conservation of mechanical energy, an expression for the bob-bullet combination after
collision is derived. Then the principle of conservation of momentum is applied to find the velocity of the bullet
before collision.
(iii) (c) Mathematician
Explanation: The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 by English mathematician Benjamin Robins.
OR
(d) 633 m/s
m+M −−−
Explanation: v B =
m
√2gh

Putting, m = 1g = 0.001 kg
M = 1 kg
g = 10 m/s2
h = 2 cm = 0.02 m
0.001+1 −−−−−− −−−−−
vB =
0.001
√2 × 10 × 0.02 = 633 m/s
(iv) (d) Chronograph
Explanation: The ballistic pendulum. has now been replaced by the ballistic chronograph, an electronic device.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual gas molecules and
the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at a given temperature.

Page 14 of 18
 (i) (c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface
Explanation: The r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface.
(ii) (c) > 1
Explanation: > 1
(iii) (b) T(H2) < T(N2)
Explanation: T(H2) < T(N2)
–
(iv) (b) v √6 0

–
Explanation: v 0 √6

OR

(d) v(11)12
Explanation: v(11)12
Section E
31. Given, displacement equation x(t) = Acos(ωt + ϕ ) ...(i)
At t = 0; x(0) = 1 cm, velocity of the particle v = ω cm/s
Angular frequency ω = π s-1
⇒ 1 = A cos(ωt + ϕ)

For t = 0, 1 = A cosϕ..........(i)
dx(t)
Now, v(t) = dt
=
d

dt
A cos(ωt + ϕ)

= −Aω sin(ωt + ϕ)

Again at t = 0, v = ω cm/s
⇒ ω = −Aω sin ϕ

⇒ −1 = A sin ϕ ...........(ii)

Squaring and adding eqs.(i) and (ii),

2 2 2 2 2 2
A cos ϕ + A sin ϕ = (1) + (−1)

2
–
A = 2 ⇒ A = ± √2cm
–
Hence, the amplitude of the SHM = √2 cm
Dividing Eq. (ii) by (i), we get
A sin ϕ −1
= or tan ϕ = −1
A cos ϕ 1

π 7π
⇒ ϕ = − or
4 4

Now, if instead of cosine, we choose the sine function in the displacement equation, then
x(t) = B sin(ωt + α)
At t = 0, x = 1 cm, ⇒ 1 = B sin(0 + α)
or B sin α = 1 ............(iii)
dx(t)
Velocity v(t) = dt
=
d

dt
[B sin(ωt + α)]

= +Bω cos(ωt + α)

Again at t = 0, v(t) = ω cm/s

B cosα = + 1..............(iv)
Squaring and adding Eqs.(iii) and (iv),
2 2 2 2 2 2
B sin α + B cos α = (1) + (+1)

2 2 2 2
⇒ B sin α + B cos α = 2

Page 15 of 18
 2 2 2
B (sin α + cos α) = 2

2
–
B 1 = 2 ⇒ B = ± √2cm
–
Hence, amplitude of the simple harmonic motion in both types of trigonometric wave equation expression = √2 cm
Dividing Eq. (iii) by (iv), we get
B sin α 1
= or tan α = 1
B cos α 1

∴ α =
π

4
, only the phase angle differs for sine and cosine wave equation.
OR
If initially at t = 0 particle was at D
Then at time t Particle is at point P

i. Then draw a perpendicular From P on AB,

If the displacement OM = Y
Ratios of circle of reference = Amplitude = a
then In ΔOMP, ∠ ​POD = ∠ OPM = θ (∵ Alternate Angles)
OM
sinθ =
OP
y
⇒ sin θ =
a
, 'a' being radius of the above circle.
⇒ y = a sin θ

Again θ = ωt
So, y = a sin ωt
dy
ii. Velocity, v = dt
d
⇒ v = (a sin ωt)
dt

⇒ v = aω cos ωt
−−−−− −− −
2
again cos θ = √1 − sin θ
−−−−−−− −
So,v = aω× √1 − sin ωt
2

y
From equation of displacement : sin ωt = a
−−−−−
2
y
So, v = aω× √1 − 2
a

−−−−−
2 2
a −y
⇒ v = aw√
2
a

−− −−−−
2 2
v = ω √a − y

iii. Acceleration : f =
dv

dt

⇒ f = aω × ω(− sin ωt)

2 2
⇒ f = − ω a sin ωt ⇒ f = − ω y
2π
iv. Time Period, T =
ω
1 ω
v. f reuency = T
=
2π

32. A vector has magnitude and direction but in general, it does not have a fixed location of space because a vector can be translated
parallel to itself or we can say if a vector is moved parallel to itself keeping its direction and magnitude same then the vector is
same or there is no effect on vector as can be shown in figure.

Page 16 of 18
Now here there are three vectors at A, B, C all have the same length so have the same magnitude, have the same direction towards
positive x-axis and are thus parallel to each other so all the three vectors are same so there is no effect of location i.e. position is
not fixed but in case of position vector position of each point is different and position vector denotes the position in terms of co-
ordinates of x and y so position vector has a fixed location and are also directed from the origin so two position vectors cannot be
parallel if they are denoting different positions so, position vector has a definite position in space but in general, all vectors does
not have a specific position in space
Yes, the vector can certainly vary with time and many vector quantities are just rate of variation of other quantities or vectors can
be a function of time for e.g. Velocity of a particle in uniform motion is a function of time and as the time increases the velocity of
particle increases or decreases depending upon the acceleration of particle i.e. velocity changes with time likewise in a general
vector can vary with time
Now we have two equal vectors a and b at different locations in space they necessarily need not have same physical effects though
in specific cases they can have some physical effects this is not true always for e.g. two forces of the same magnitude and same
direction applied on a body-fixed lever can produce different turning effects as shown in figure

As can be seen, both a and b are directed vertically downwards i.e. the same direction and have the same magnitude so both are
equal but turning effect will be different due to them because their location is different in same so we conclude that equal vectors a
and b at different locations in space do not necessarily have identical physical effects
OR
To better visualise the solution described here, we first sketch the trajectory as shown in figure.

i. The problem here is to find t when x = 32.0 m. We can use (x = v x0 t ), if we first find v . From figure, we see that v
x0 x0 = v0

cos θ = (20.0 m/s) (cos 30.0o)

0

= 17.3 m/s
Using the relation and solve for t.
x=v t x0

t= x
=
vx 0
= 1.85 s
32.0 m

17.3 m/s

ii. We want to find y when x = 32.0 m, or since we have already found the time in part (a), we can state this, find y when t = 1.85
s. Using the relation,
y=v y
0
t - 1

2
gt2
where v y0 = v0 sin θ = (20.0 m/s) (sin 30.0o)
0

= 10.0 m/s
Thus, y = (10.0 m/s)(1.85 s) - 1

2
(9.80 m/s2)(1.85 s)2 = 1.73 m
Since, y = 0 is 2.00 m above the ground, this means the ball is 3.73 m above the ground as it crosses the goal line too much
high to be caught at that point.

Page 17 of 18
33. First consider the composite plate,

m1 x1 + m2 x2
x-coordinate of centre of mass of composite plate is given by XCM = m1 + m2

where,
m1 = mass of disc of radius 2R
x1 = position of centre of mass of disc with hole
m2 = mass of part removed of radius R
x2 = position of centre of mass of part removed.
Now, as centre of mass of composite plate is at origin,
so
m1 x1 + m2 x2
XCM = 0 = m1 + m2

or m1x1 + m2x 2 = 0
Now, we are finding x1.
m2 x2
So, x1 = - m1

m2 density × volume of portion 2

Now, m1
=
density × volume of portion 1

thickness × area of portion 2

= thickness × area of portion 1
2
m2 A2
⇒
m1
= = πR

2 2
= 1

3
A1 π(2R) −π R

Also, x2 = -R, (negative sign is w.r.t. coordinate axes)

m2
Hence, x1 = − m1
⋅ x2
=- 1

3
(-R) = 1

3
R
So, centre of mass located at (x = 1

3
R, y = 0) Point.
OR
i. ∵ v 1 = ωR

v2 = ω.2R = 2ωR

The direction of V and V at point of contact C are tangentially upward. Frictional force (f) acts due to difference in
1 2

velocities of disc 1 and, f on 1 due to 2 is f = upward and f = downward it will be equal and opposite by Newtons Third
12 21

Law f = −f12 21

ii. External forces acting on system are f 12 and f21 which are equal and opposite so net force acting on system f 12 = − f21 or
f12 + f21 = 0

|f12 | = |− f21 | = F

External torque = F × 3R (anti-clockwise)

∴

As velocity of drum 2 is double i.e., v = 2v as in part (a). 2 1

iii. Let ω (anti clockwise) and ω (clockwise) are angular velocities of drum 1 and 2 respectively. Finally when their velocities
1 2
ω1
becomes equal no force of friction will act due to no slipping at this stage v 1 = v2 or ω
1R = 2ω2 R or
ω2
=
2

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 7

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Dimensions of resistance in an electrical circuit, in terms of dimension of mass M, of length L, of time T and of [1]
current I, would be

a) [ML2T-1I-1] b) [ML2T-2]

c) [ML2T-3I-1] d) [ML2T-3I-2]

2. Wave has simple harmonic motion whose period is 4 seconds while another wave which also possesses simple [1]
harmonic motion has its period 3 sec. If both are combined, then the resultant wave will have a period equal to

a) 4 sec b) 3 sec

c) 5 sec d) 12 sec
3. The radius of gyration of a rod of mass 100 gm and length 100 cm about an axis passing through its edge and [1]
perpendicular to its length is given by:

a) b)
100 50

√3 2√3

c) 50

3√2
d) 100

3√3

4. A raindrop is released from a cloud 1000 m above ground. When the drop is about to hit the ground, its speed [1]
will be

a) Cannot be predicted b) Constant terminal speed

c) Decreasing due to retardation from air drag d) Increasing due to acceleration due to gravity

Page 1 of 17
 5. What is not conserved in the case of celestial bodies revolving around sun? [1]

a) linear momentum b) kinetic energy

c) angular momentum d) mass

6. A transverse wave is represented by y = sin (ωt - kx) For what value of the wavelength is the wave velocity [1]
equal to the maximum particle velocity?

a) b)
πA
πA
2

c) 2 πA d) A
7. A jet plane lands with a speed of 100 m/s and can accelerate at a maximum rate of -5.00 m/s as it comes to
2
[1]
rest. From the instant the plane touches the runway, what is the minimum time in seconds before it can come to
rest?

a) 20.0 b) 10.0

c) 25.0 d) 30.0
8. 50 tunning forks are arranged in increasing order of their frequencies such that each gives 4 beats/sec with its [1]
previous tuning fork. If the frequency of the last fork is the octave of the first, then the frequency of the first
tuning fork is

a) 196 Hz b) 200 Hz

c) 204 Hz d) none of these

9. The raindrops are in spherical shape due to [1]

a) thrust on drop b) viscosity

c) surface tension d) residual pressure

10. In what manner, does the escape velocity of a particle depend upon its mass? [1]

a) m b) m2

c) m-1 d) m0

11. Two discs of same moment of inertia are rotating about their regular axis passing through centre and [1]
perpendicular to the plane of disc with angular velocities ω and ω . They are brought into contact face to face
1 2

coinciding the axis of rotation. The expression for loss of energy during this process is

a) b)
1 2 1 2
( ω1 − ω2 ) I ( ω1 − ω2 )
8 4

c) 1

2
I ( ω1 + ω2 )
2
d) I ( ω1 − ω2 )
2

12. A piece of blue glass heated to a high temperature and a piece of red glass at room temperature, are taken inside [1]
a dimly lit room, then

a) blue shines like brighter red compared to the b) red looks brighter red and blue looks
red piece ordinary blue

c) the blue piece will look blue and red will d) both the pieces will look equally red
look as usual
13. Assertion (A): A quick collision between two bodies is more violent than a slow collision, even when the initial [1]
and the final velocities are identical.
Reason (R): The rate of change of momentum is greater in the first case.

Page 2 of 17
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion: In an isolated system, the entropy increases. [1]
Reason: The processes in an isolated system are adiabatic.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion: The time period of revolution of a satellite close to surface of earth is smaller than that revolving [1]
away from surface of earth.
Reason: The square of time period of revolution of a satellite is directly proportional to cube of its orbital
radius.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): The trajectory of projectile is quadratic in x and linear in y. [1]
Reason (R): y component of trajectory is independent of x-component.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. A stone is dropped into a well and its splash is heard at the mouth of the well after an interval of 1.45 s. Find the [2]
depth of the well. Given that velocity of sound in air at room temperature is equal to 332 ms-1.
18. State the limitations of the method of dimensional analysis. [2]
19. In the expression P = El m
2 −5 −2
G , E, l, m and G denote energy, angular momentum, mass and gravitational [2]
constant respectively. Show that P is a dimensionless quantity.

20. A batsman hits back a ball straight in the direction of the bowler without changing its initial speed of 12 ms-1. If [2]

the mass of the ball is 0.15 kg, determine the impulse imparted to the ball. (Assume linear motion of the ball)
21. The mass of moon is M

81
(where M is mass of earth). Find the distance of the point where the gravitational field [2]
due to earth and moon cancel each other. Given distance of moon from earth is 60 R, where R is radius of earth.
OR
If earth has a mass 9 times and radius twice that of a planet Mars, calculate the minimum velocity required by a

rocket to pull out of the gravitational force of Mars. Take the escape velocity on the surface of earth to be 11.2 kms-1.
Section C
22. In a given Figure (a) shows a thin liquid film supporting a small weight = 4.5 × 10
−2
N. What is the weight [3]

Page 3 of 17
 supported by a film of the same liquid at the same temperature in Fig. (b) and (c)? Explain your answer
physically.

23. Define the terms [3]

i. absorptive power,
ii. emissive power and
iii. emissivity.
Write their SI units, if any.
24. A parachutist bails out from an aeroplane and after dropping through a distance of 40 m, he opens the parachute [3]
and decelerates at 2 ms-2. If he reaches the ground with a speed of 2 ms-1, how long is he in the air? At what
height did he bailout from the plane?
25. A railway car of mass 20 tonnes moves with an initial speed of 54km/hr. On applying brakes, a constant negative [3]
acceleration of 0.3m/s2 is produced.
i. What is the breaking force acting on the car?
ii. In what time it will stop?
iii. What distance will be covered by the car before it finally stops?
26. An ideal refrigerator runs between -23°C and 27°C [3]
i. Find the heat rejected to atmosphere for every joule of work input.
ii. Also, find heat extracted from cold body.
iii. Find coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.
27. A small body tied to one end of the string is whirled in a vertical circle. Represent the forces on a diagram when [3]
the string makes an angle θ with initial position below the fixed point. Find an expression for the tension in the
string. Also, find the tension and velocity at the lowest and highest points respectively.
28. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the upper and lower surfaces of [3]

the wing are 70 ms-1 and 63 ms-1 respectively. What is the lift on the wing if its area is 2.5 m2? Take the density
of air to be 1.3 kg m-3.
OR
Calculate the radius of new bubble formed when two bubbles of radius r1 and r2 coalesce?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure.

Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the

Page 4 of 17
 elastic potential energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the
state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring.
(i) The potential energy of a spring increases in which of the following cases?

a) If work is done against conservative b) If work is done by non-conservative

force force

c) If work is done by conservative force d) If work is done against non-

conservative force
(ii) The potential energy, i.e. U(x) can be assumed zero when

a) gravitational force is constant b) x = 0

c) infinite distance from the gravitational d) All of these

source
(iii) The ratio of spring constants of two springs is 2 : 3. What is the ratio of their potential energy, if they are
stretched by the same force?

a) 3 : 2 b) 9 : 4

c) 2 : 3 d) 4 : 9
OR
The potential energy of a spring when stretched through a distance x is 10 J. What is the amount of work
done on the same spring to stretch it through an additional distance x?

a) 40 J b) 10 J

c) 30 J d) 20 J
(iv) The potential energy of a spring increases by 15 J when stretched by 3 cm. If it is stretched by 4 cm, the
increase in potential energy is

a) 36 J b) 30 J

c) 27 J d) 33 J
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly
colliding and changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic
energy.

(i) If the temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 600 K then the average kinetic energy becomes:

a) same b) becomes double

Page 5 of 17
 c) becomes half d) none of these
(ii) What is the average velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas?

a) Infinite b) Same

c) None of these d) Zero

(iii) Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with uniform speed. The temperature of the gas
molecules inside will ________.

a) decrease b) none of these

c) increase d) remains same

(iv) Find the ratio of average kinetic energy per molecule of Oxygen and Hydrogen:

a) 1:1 b) 4:1

c) 1:2 d) 1:4
OR
The velocities of the three molecules are 3v, 4v, and 5v. calculate their root mean square velocity?

a) 4.0 v b) 4.02 v

c) 4.08 v d) 4.04 v
Section E
31. Show that simple harmonic motion may be regarded as the projection of uniform circular motion along the [5]
diameter of the circle. Hence derive an expression for the displacement of a particle in S.H.M.
OR
Let us take the position of mass when the spring is unstretched as x = 0 and the direction from left to right as the
positive direction of x-axis. Given x as a function of time t for the oscillating mass, if at the moment we start the
stopwatch (t = 0), the mass is
i. at the mean position,
ii. at the maximum stretched position and
iii. at the maximum compressed position.
In what way do these functions for SHM differ from each other, in frequency, in amplitude or the initial phase?
→ → → →
[5]
32. a. What is the angle between A and B if A and B denote the adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn form
a point and the area of the parallelogram is 1

2
AB ?
b. State and prove triangular law of vector addition.
OR
Given a⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ + d ⃗ = 0, which of the following statements are correct:
i. a⃗ , b,⃗ c ,⃗ and d must
⃗
each be a null vector.
ii. The magnitude of (a⃗ + c )⃗ equals the magnitude of (b+
⃗
d ).
⃗

iii. The magnitude of 'a⃗ ' can never be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of b,⃗ c ,⃗ and d .⃗
iv. b ⃗ + c ⃗ must lie in the plane of a⃗ and d ⃗ if a⃗ and d ⃗ are not collinear, and in the line of a⃗ and d ,⃗ if they are
collinear?
33. A metre scale AB is held vertically with its one end A on the floor and is then allowed to fall. Find the speed of [5]
the other end B when it strikes the floor, assuming that the end on the floor does not slip.

Page 6 of 17
 OR
A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible liquid of mass M and closed at both the ends. The tube
is then rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform angular velocity ω. Determine the force
exerted by the liquid at the other end.

Page 7 of 17
 Solution

Section A
1.
(d) [ML2T-3I-2]
2 −2
[ML T ]

Explanation: [R] = V

I
=
W

qI
=
[IT][I]

= [ML2T-3I-2]
2.
(d) 12 sec
Explanation: On the superposition of the two waves, beats are produced.
Beat frequency = − = −
1

T2
=
1

T1
1

3
1

4
1

12

100
3. (a)
√3

Explanation: Moment of inertia of the rod about an axis passing through its centre of gravity and perpendicular to its length
2
Ml
I =
3

Moment of inertia of rod in terms of the radius of gyration

I = Mk2
M = 100 gm
l = 100 cm
Mk2 =
2
Ml

3
−
− −−−−−−
2
l 100×100
k = √ = √
3 3

100
k = cm
√3

4.
(b) Constant terminal speed
Explanation: The rain drops acquire terminal velocity after falling long distance due to balance of buoyant force and weight of
the drop due to gravity.
5.
(b) kinetic energy
Explanation: K.E. changes due to the change in the speed of celestial body around the sun.
6.
(c) 2 π A
Explanation: Maximum particle velocity = Wave velocity
ω
ωA =
k

or k = 2π

λ
=
1

∴ λ = 2 πA
7. (a) 20.0
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 100 m/s
As it stops so final velocity, v = 0
Acceleration a = - 5 m/s​2
We know, v - u = at
v−u
⇒ t =
a
0−100 −100
⇒ t = =
−5 −5

⇒ t = 20.0 s
8. (a) 196 Hz
Explanation: Let the frequency of the first fork = ν
Frequency of second fork = ν + 8

Page 8 of 17
 Frequency of third fork = ν + 2 × 8
Frequency of 16th fork = ν +15 × 8
But the frequency of the last is the octave of the first.
2ν = ν + 49 × 4
ν = 196 Hz

9.
(c) surface tension
Explanation: Rain drops are spherical due to surface tension.
10.
(d) m0
Explanation: Escape velocity (ve) = √2gR . Therefore it is independent of the mass of the particle or it will depend on m0.
−−−−
e

11.
(c) 1

2
I (ω1 + ω2 )
2

Explanation: By conservation of angular momentum,

I ω1 + I ω2 = 2I ω
ω1 + ω2
⇒ ω =
2

Loss of K.E. = Ki - Kf
2
1 1 ω1 + ω2
2 2
= I (ω + ω )− × 2I ( )
2 1 2 2 2

2 2
ω + ω +2ω1 ω2
1 2 2 1 1
= I [(ω + ω )− ]
2 1 2 2

2 2 2 2
2ω +2ω − ω − ω −2ω1 ω2
1 1 2 1 2
= I [ ]
2 2

1 2
= I (ω1 − ω2 )
4

12. (a) blue shines like brighter red compared to the red piece
Explanation: According to Stefan's law,
4
E ∝ T

As the temperature of blue glass is more than that of red glass, so it will appear brighter than red glass.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
14.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
15. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: The time period of satellite, T ∝ r
3/2

or T ∝ (Re + h)3/2
For a satellite revolving close to surface of the earth, h = 0.
3/2
∴ T ∝ (Re )

It is evident that the period of revolution of a satellite depends upon its height above the earth’s surface. Greater is the height of
a satellite above the earth’s surface greater is its period of revolution.
16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
g
Explanation: The equation of the trajectory of a projectile is y = x tan θ − 1 2
x . Thus y component depends on
2 u2 cos 2 θ

x component.
Section B
17. Let h be the depth of the well. Then time t1 taken by the stone to fall into well under gravity is given by
−−
h = 0 +
1

2
gt
2
1
or t1 = √ 2h

h
Time taken for the splash to travel height h is given by t 2 =
v

where v = velocity of sound

Page 9 of 17
 But t1 + t2 = 1.45 s
−−
2h h
∴ √ + = 1.45
g v

−
−−
or √ 2h

9.8
+
332
h
= 1.45

On solving, h = 9.9 m.
18. Method of dimensional analysis suffers from the following limitations :
i. It does not enable us to determine the value of the constant of proportionality which may be a pure number or a dimensionless
ratio.
ii. Since many physical quantities have the same dimensions (e.g., momentum and impulse, work and torque, etc.), the method of
dimensions is not a full-proof method to check the correctness of physical relation.
iii. The use of the method of dimensions requires a sound background of the subject, otherwise, the method may lead to incorrect
results.
iv. It does not test whether a physical quantity is a scalar or a vector.
v. It cannot derive relation or formula if a physical quantity depends upon more than three factors having dimensions.
vi. It cannot derive a formula containing trigonometric function, exponential function, and logarithmic function.
vii. It cannot derive a relation having more than one part in an equation.
19. The formulae or expressions that indicate how and which fundamental quantities are there in a physical quantity are called as the
Dimensional Formula of the Physical Quantity.
Dimension of E = [ML2T-2]
Dimension of l = [ML2T-1]
Dimension of G = [M-1L3T-2]
Hence, P = El 2m-5G-2 will have dimensions:
2 2 −2 2 −1 2
[E][ l ] [ML T ] [ML T ]
0 0 0
[P ] = = = [M L T ]
5 2 5 −1 3 −2 2
[ m ][ G ] [M] [M L T ]

Thus, P is a dimensionless quantity.

20. Impulse = change in linear momentum
initial momentum of ball = mu
= 0.15 × 12 = 1.8kg.m/secfinal momentum of ball = −mu
=−0.15 × 12 = −1.8kgm/sec
now,
change in momentum of ball = final − initial
= −1.8 − 1.8 = −3.6kgm/sec
so,
change in momentum of bat = −change in momentum of ball
change in momentum of bat = 3.6kgm/s
now,
impulse imparted to ball = change in momentum of bat = 3.6kgm/s = 3.6Ns

21.

Gravitational field at C due to earth

= Gravitational field at C due to moon
Gm/81
GM
=
2 2
(60R−x) x

81x2 = (60R - x)2

9x = 60R - x
X=6R
OR
Here, Me = 9Mm, and Re = 2Rm
ve (escape speed on surface of Earth) = 11.2 km/s
Let Vm be the speed required to pull out of the gravitational force of mars.

Page 10 of 17
 We know that
−−−− −−−−−
2GMe 2GMm
ve = √ Re
and vm = √
Rm
−−−−−−−−−−−
vm 2GMm Re
Dividing, we get ve
= √
Rm
×
2GMe

−−−−−−−− −−−−−
Mm Re √2
=√ Me
×
Rm
= √
1

9
× 2 =
3

√2
⇒ vm =
3
(11.2 km/s) = 5.3 km/s
Section C
22. In case "a"-
The length of the liquid film supported by the weight is given by, l = 40cm = 0.4cm
The weight supported by the film is given by, W = 4.5 × 10 N −2

A liquid film has two free surfaces thus

−2
W 4.5×10
Surface tension is given by S = 2l
=
2×0.4
−2
= 5.625 × 10 Nm
−1

In all the three figures, the liquid is the same. Temperature is also the same for each case.
Hence, the surface tension in figure (b) and figure (c) is the same as in figure (a) i.e. S = 5.625 × 10 N m
−2 −1

Since the length of the film in all the cases is 40 cm, hence the total weight supported in each case is given by 4.5 × 10 N .
−2

23. Absorptive power: The absorptive power of a body for a given wavelength λ is defined as the ratio of amount of heat energy
absorbed in a certain time to the total heat energy incident on it in the same time within a unit wavelength range around the
wavelength λ . It is denoted by a . A perfect black body absorbs all the heat radiations incident upon it. So its absorptive power is
λ

unity.
If the radiant energy dQ in wavelength range λ and λ + d λ is incident on a body of absorptive power a , then amount of radiant
λ

energy absorbed by the body =a dQ λ

The absorptive power is a dimensionless quantity.

Emissive power: The amount of heat energy radiated by a body per second depends upon
i. the area of its surface,
ii. the temperature of its surface and
iii. the nature of its surface. The strength of emission is measured by a quantity called emissive power. The emissive power of a
body at a given temperature and for a given wavelength λ is defined as the amount of radiant energy emitted per unit time per
unit surface area of the body
If heat radiation of wavelength range λ to λ + d λ is incident on the surface of a body of emissive power e , then the amount of
2

radiant energy emitted per second per unit area = e dλ λ

The SI unit of emissive power is Js−1 m−2 or Wm−2.

Emissivity: The emissivity of a body is defined as the ratio of the heat energy radiated per unit time per unit area by the given
body to the amount of heat energy radiated per unit time per unit area by a perfect black body of the same temperature i.e., it is the
ratio of the emissive power (e) of a body to the emissive power (E) of a black body at the same temperature. It is denoted by ε.
Thus ε = e

It is dimensionless quantity. Its value lies between 0 and 1. The emissivity of a perfect black body is 1. The emissivities of
polished copper, polished aluminium and lamp black are 0.018, 0.05 and 0.95 respectively.
24. When the parachutist falls freely :
u = 0, v = 9.8 ms-2, s = 40m, t = ?, u = ?
As s = ut + g t 1

2
2

1 2
∴ 40 = 0 + × 9.8 × t
2
−
−−
or t = √ 80

9.8
=
20

7
s = 2.86 s

Also, v = u + gt = 0 + 9.8 × 20

7
= 28 ms-1
When the parachutist decelerates uniformly:
u = 28 ms-1, a = -2 ms-2, 5 = 2 ms-1
v − u 2 − 28
Time taken, t = a
=
−2
= 13 s

2 × (13)2
1 1
Distance, s = ut + 2
2
at = 28 × 13 − 2
×

= 364 - 169 = 195 m

Total time of parachutist in air
= 2.86 + 13 = 15.86 s

Page 11 of 17
 Height at which parachutist bails out
= 40 + 195 = 235 m
25. Mass of the railway car,m = 20 tonnes = 20 × 1000 kg=20 × 10 kg , Initial speed ,u = 54 km/hr = 54 × 4 5

18
=15 m/s
Negative acceleration,a = -0.3 m/s2
a. Breaking force acting on the car ,F = -ma
4 −2
F = −(2 × 10 kg) × (−0.3ms )

F = 6000N

b. When the railway car stops, its final velocity is zero.

i.e. v = 0
Using the relation: v − u = at
⇒ 0 = 15 + (−0.3)t

⇒ t = 50s

c. Using the relation : v 2

− u
2
= 2as

2
⇒ 0 − (15) = 2(−0.3)s

⇒ s = 375m

26. Let heat rejected Q = x and W = 1J 1

Now, Q = Q − W = x − 1
2 1

Given, T = 273 + 27 = 300K , T = 273 − 23 = 250K

1 2

Q2 T2 x−1
i. For an ideal process, Q1
=
T1
⇒
x
=
250

300

Q1 = x = 6J

ii. Q = 5J
2

iii. Coefficient of performance

T2 250
β = = = 5
T1 − T2 300−250

27. Consider a small body of mass m attached to one end of a string (of length l) and whirled in a vertical circle of radius 'r'. Let body
starts motion from its initial position A, just below the fixed point O, with a speed vo.

The forces acting on the body, when the string makes an angle θ with the initial position are shown in the figure. Here, mg is the
2

weight of body and T the tension in the string. If v be the instantaneous velocity at this point, then a centripetal force F =
mv

l
is
required radially inward. From figure, it is clear that in equilibrium the centripetal force is provided by resultant of two forces i.e.,
2
mv
T − mg cos θ =
l
2

or T = mg cos θ +
mv

l
...(1)
If the body has covered a vertical distance h, then from law of conservation of mechanical energy, we have
1 2 1 2
mv = mv + mgh
2 0 2

⇒ v
2
= v
2
0
− 2gh ...(ii)
which is the required expression for the velocity of a particle at any point.
At the lowest point θ = 0° and h = 0, hence we have
vL = v = vo ....[from (i) putting h = 0]
Thus,
2
mv
∘ m 2 0
TL = mg cos 0 + v = mg +
l L l

and at the highest point θ = 180° and h = 2l . Hence,

= v = v − 4gl [from (i) putting h = 2l ]
2 2 2
v
H 0

Page 12 of 17
 −−−−−−−
or v H = √v
2
0
− 4gl

2 2
mv mv
m
and T ∘ H 2 0

H = mg cos 180 + = mg(−1) + (v − 4gl) = − 5mg

l l 0 l

which is the required expression for the Tension.

28. Speed of wind on the lower surface of the wing, V2 = 63 m

Area of the wing, A = 2.5 m2

Density of air, ρ = 1.3 kg m-3
According to Bernoulli's theorem, we have the relation:
1 2 1 2
P1 + ρV = P2 + ρV
2 1 2 2

P1 - P2 = 1

2
ρ (V
1
2
− V
2
2
)

Where,
P1 = Pressure on the upper surface of the wing
P2 = Pressure on the lower surface of the wing
The pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing provides lift to the aeroplane.
Lift on the wing = (P2 - P1)A
1
=
2
ρ (V
1
2
− V
2
2
) A
=
1

2
1.3 ((70)2 - (63)2) × 2.5
= 1512.87
= 1.51 × 103 N
Therefore, the lift on the wing of the aeroplane is 1.51 × 103N.
OR
3 3
4π r 4π r

Consider two soap bubbles of radii r and r and volumes as V and V . Thus V . Let S be the
1 2

1 2 1 2 1 = and V2 =
3 3
4S 4S
surface tension of the soap solution. If P1 and P2 are excess pressure inside the two soap bubbles then P 1 =
r1
; P2 =
r2
. Let r
be the radius of the new soap bubble formed when the two soap bubble coalesces under isothermal conditions. If V and P are
volume and excess of pressure inside the new soap bubble then V = πr P = . As the new bubble is formed under 4

3
3 4S

isothermal condition, so Boyle’s law holds good and hence

P1V1 + P2V2 = PV
4S 4 3 4S 4 3 4S 4 3
( × πr ) + ( × πr ) = × πr
r1 3 1 r2 3 2 r 3

2 2 2
(16 × S × π × r ) + (16 × S × π × r ) = 16Sπr
1 2
−−−−−−
2 2
r = √r + r
1 2

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure.

Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the elastic potential
energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of
an elastic spring.
(i) (a) If work is done against conservative force
Explanation: If work is done against conservative force
(ii) (d) All of these
Explanation: All of these
(iii) (a) 3 : 2
Explanation: 3 : 2
OR

Page 13 of 17
 (c) 30 J
Explanation: 30 J
(iv) (c) 27 J
Explanation: 27 J
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly colliding and
changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic energy.

(i) (b) becomes double

Explanation: becomes double
(ii) (d) Zero
Explanation: Zero
(iii) (d) remains same
Explanation: remains same
(iv) (a) 1:1
Explanation: 1:1
OR
(c) 4.08 v
Explanation: 4.08 v
Section E
31. Relation between S.H.M. and uniform circular motion. As shown in figure, consider a particle P moving along a circle of radius A
with uniform angular velocity ω . Let N be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P to the diameter XX'. Then N is
called the projection of P on the diameter XX'. As P moves along the circle from X to Y, Y to X', X' to Y' and Y' to X; N moves
from X to O, O to X', X' to O and O to X. Thus, as P revolves along the circumference of the circle, N moves to and fro about the
point O along the diameter XX'. The motion of N about O is said to be simple harmonic. Hence simple harmonic motion may be
defined as the projection of uniform circular motion upon a diameter of a circle. The particle P is called the reference particle or
generating particle and the circle along which the particle P revolves is called the circle of reference.

Displacement in simple harmonic motion. As shown in Figure, consider a particle moving in the anticlockwise direction with
uniform angular velocity ω along a circle of radius A and centre O. Suppose at time t = 0, the reference particle is at point A such
that ∠XOA = ϕ . At any time t, suppose the particle reaches the point P such that ∠AOP = ωt . Draw PN ⊥ XX'.
0

Page 14 of 17
Clearly, displacement of projection N from centre O at any instant t is x = O N.
In right-angled ΔON P ,
∠P ON = ωt + ϕ0
ON
∴ = cos(ωt + ϕ0 )
OP

or x

A
= cos(ωt + ϕ0 )

or x = A cos(ωt + ϕ 0)

This equation gives the displacement of a particle in S.H.M. at any instant t. The quantity ωt + ϕ is called the phase of the
0

particle and ϕ is called the initial phase or phase constant or epoch of the particle. The quantity A is called the amplitude of the
0

motion. It is a positive constant whose value depends on how the motion is initially started. Thus

As shown in Figure, if the reference particle starts motion from the point P such that ∠BOX = ϕ and ∠BOP
0 = ωt , then
∠P ON = ωt − ϕ0

∴ x = A cos(ωt − ϕ 0
)

Here −ϕ is the initial phase of the S.H.M.

0

OR
Assuming the standard equation
x(t) = Asin (ω t + ϕ)
i. When t = 0, x = 0 [mean position]
⇒ 0 = Asin (ω × 0 + ϕ )

Asin ϕ = 0 [as A ≠ 0]
or sinϕ = 0 ∴ ϕ = 0
∴ Required function is
x(t) = Asin(ω t + 0) or x(t) = Asin ω t
−− −
− −
−
k 1200
where, ω = √ m
= √
3.0
= 20 rad/s
∴ x(t) = Asin 20t or x(t) = 2sin 20t

ii. When t = 0, x = + A (maximum stretched position)

x(t) = Asin(ω t + ϕ) at t = 0 and x = +A
+A = A sin(ω x 0 + ϕ) or 1 = sin ϕ ⇒ ϕ = π

∴ x(t) = Asin(ωt + π

2
)

= A cos ω t = A cos 20t = 2 cos 20t

iii. When the spring is at maximum compressed position.
At t =0, x(t) = -A

Page 15 of 17
 ⇒ -A = Asin(ω × 0 + ϕ) or -1 = sinϕ or ϕ = 3π

So, the equations only differ in initial phase and in no other factors.
32. a. Area of a parallelogram = |A⃗ × B⃗ | = AB sin θ (∴ Applying cross product)
Given, area of parallelogram = AB 1

2
1
So, 2
AB = AB sin θ

1
= sin θ
2

−1 1
θ = sin ( )
2
∘
θ = 30

b. Triangular law of vector addition states that if two vectors can be represented both in magnitude and direction by the sides of a
triangle taken in order then their resultant is given by the third side of the triangle taken in opposite order.
Proof: in △ADC
2 2 2
(OC ) = (OD) + (DC )

2 2 2
(OC ) = (OA + AD) + (DC )

2 2 2 2
(OC ) = (OA) + (AD) + 2(OA)(AD) + (DC )

2 2 2
(OC ) = (P ) + (Q cos θ)2 + 2(P )(Q cos θ) + (Q sin θ)

2 2 2 2 2 CD AD
(OC ) = P + Q (sin θ + cos θ) + 2P Q cos θ (∵ = sin(θ) , = cos(θ))
AC AC

2 2 2 2
(R) = P + Q + 2P Q cos θ (∵ sin θ + cos Q)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
R = √P + Q + 2P Q cos θ

OR
i. Incorrect
In order to make a⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ + d ⃗ = 0, it is not necessary to have all the four given vectors to be null vectors. There are many
other combinations that can give the sum zero.
ii. Correct
a⃗ + b⃗ + c ⃗ + d ⃗ = 0
a⃗+ c ⃗ = -(b ⃗ + d )⃗
Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:
|a⃗ + c ⃗ | = |-(b ⃗ + d )|
⃗
= |b ⃗ + d |⃗
Hence, the magnitude of (a⃗ + c ⃗ ) is the same as the magnitude of (b ⃗ + d ).
⃗

iii. Correct
a⃗ + b⃗ + c ⃗ + d ⃗ = 0
a⃗= (b ⃗ + c ⃗ + d )⃗
Taking modulus both sides, we get:
|a⃗ | = |b ⃗ + c ⃗ + d |⃗
|a⃗ | ≤ |a⃗ | + |b ⃗| + |c ⃗ | ....(i)
Equation (i) shows that the magnitude of a is equal to or less than the sum of the magnitudes of b ⃗, c ⃗ , and d .⃗
Hence, the magnitude of a vector can never be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of b, c, and d.
iv. Correct
For a⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ + d ⃗ = 0
a⃗ + (b ⃗ + c ⃗ ) + d ⃗ = 0
The resultant sum of the three vectors a⃗ , (b ⃗ + c ⃗ ), and d can be zero only if (b ⃗ + c ⃗ ) lie in a plane containing a and d, assuming
that these three vectors are represented by the three sides of a triangle.
If a and d are collinear, then it implies that the vector (b ⃗ + c ⃗ ) is in the line of a and d. This implication holds only then the
vector sum of all the vectors will be zero.
33. Let M be the mass and Lbe the length of the metre scale. When the upper end of the rod strikes the floor, its centre of gravity falls
L
through height 2
.

Page 16 of 17
M.I. of the scale about the lower end A, I = M.I. of the scale about the parallel axis through CG + Md2
2 2 2
2 ML ML ML L
= I0 + M d = + = [∵ d = ]
12 4 3 2

Also, ω = v

r
=
v

Gain in rotational K.E.

2 2 2
1 2 1 ML v Mv
= Iω = ⋅ ⋅ =
2 2 3 2 6
L

Now, Gain in rotational K.E. = Loss in P.E.

2
Mv L 2
= Mg ⋅ or v = 3gl
6 2
−−− −−−−− −−−−
or v = √3gL = √3 × 9.8 × 1 = 5.4 ms
−1

OR
Consider a small element of the liquid of length dx at a distance x from one end.

Mass of the small element = M

L
dx

Centripetal force associated with the element

M 2 2
dF = ( dx) xω [∵ F = mrω ]
L

Force exerted by the liquid = Total centripetal force at the other end
2
L
L
F=∫ dF = ∫
0
M

L
2
ω xdx =
M

L
ω [
2 x

2
]
0
2
M 2 L 1 2
= ω = Mω L
L 2 2

Page 17 of 17
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 8

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The number of significant digits in 0.0006032 m is 2
[1]

a) 4 b) 6

c) 5 d) 3
2. Following two wave trains are approaching each other. [1]
y1 = a sin 2000 πt

y2- a sin 2008 πt

The number of beats heard per second is

a) 8 b) 1

c) zero d) 4
3. Two bodies of different masses of 2 kg and 4 kg moving with velocities 2 m/s and 10 m/s towards each other due [1]
to mutual gravitational attraction. What is the velocity of their centre of mass?

a) 6 m/s b) 8 m/s

c) 5 m/s d) zero
4. Motion of a liquid in a tube is best described by [1]

a) Bernoulli' theorem b) Archemedes' principle

c) Poiseuille's equation d) Stokes' law

Page 1 of 18
 5. The additional kinetic energy to be provided to a satellite of mass m revolving around a planet of mass M to [1]
transfer it from a circular orbit of radius R1 to another of radius R2(R2 > R1) is:

a) 2GmM ( 1
−
1
) b) GmM(
1
−
1
)
R1 R2 R1 R2

c) 1
GmM (
1
−
1
) d) 1 1
2 R1 R2 GmM( − )
2 2
R R
1 2

6. SONAR emits which of the following waves? [1]

a) radio b) ultrasound

c) none of these d) light

7. The coordinates of object with respect to a frame of reference at t = 0 are (-1, 0, 3). If t = 5 s, its coordinates are [1]
(-1, 0, 4), then the object is in

a) motion along x-axis b) motion along z-axis

c) rest position between t = 0 s and t = 5 s d) motion along y-axis

8. The fundamental frequency of a closed organ pipe of length 20 cm is equal to the second overtone of an organ [1]
pipe open at both ends. The length of the organ pipe open at both ends is:

a) 140 cm b) 80 cm

c) 100 cm d) 120 cm
9. The viscous force exerted by the liquid flowing between two plates in a streamlined flow depends upon [1]

a) all of these b) coefficient viscosity of the liquid

c) area of plates d) velocity gradient in the direction

perpendicular in the plates
10. Kepler's third law states that square of period of revolution (T) of a planet around the sun, is proportional to third [1]

power of average distance r between sun and planet i.e., T2 = Kr3, here K is constant. If the masses of sun and
planet are M and m respectively, then as per Newton' law of gravitation force of attraction between them is F =
GMm

r
2
, here G is r gravitational constant. The relation between G and K is described as:

a) GK = 4π 2
b) K = G

c) GMK = 4π 2
d) K = 1

11. If the earth is treated as a sphere of radius R and mass M having period of rotation T, then its angular momentum [1]
about its axis of rotation is
2 2

a) 2πMR
b) MR T

5T 4π

2 2

c) MR T
d) 4πMR

2π 5T

12. As 6.00 kg of a liquid substance at its freezing point completely freezes, it gives off enough heat to melt 3.00 kg [1]
of ice at 0°C. The heat of fusion of the substance [Take latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 × 102kJ/kg] is

a) 668 kJ/kg b) 2.05 kJ/kg

c) 167 kJ/kg d) 4.9 kJ/kgs

13. Assertion (A): In all collisions, even for the complex nature of force, In all collisions the total linear momentum [1]
is conserved.

Page 2 of 18
 Reason (R): Since the third law is true at every instant, the total impulse on the first object is equal and opposite
to that on the second.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion: Change in internal energy is zero if the temperature is constant, irrespective of the process being [1]
cyclic or non-cyclic.
Reason: For all process change in internal energy ΔU = nCvΔT is independent of path.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion: Even when orbit of a satellite is elliptical, its plane of rotation passes through the centre of earth. [1]
Reason: According to law of conservation of angular momentum plane of rotation of satellite always remain
same.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): If P ⃗ ⋅ Q⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
|P × Q| , then angle between P ⃗ and Q⃗ is π

2
. [1]
Reason (R): If angle between P ⃗ and Q⃗ is π

2
, then dot product is zero.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. A brass rod 1 metre long is firmly clamped in the middle and one end is stroked by a resined cloth. What is the [2]

pitch of the note you will hear? Young's modulus for brass = 1012 dyn cm-2 and density = 9 g cm-3.
18. Find the value of 60 J per min on a system that has 100 g, 100 cm and 1 min as the base units. [2]
19. Calculate the dimensions of force and impulse taking velocity, density and frequency as basic quantities. [2]
20. A uniform rope of length L, resting on a frictionless horizontal surface is pulled at one end by a force F. What is [2]
the tension in the rope at a distance l from the end where the force is applied?
21. A man can jump 1.5 m high on earth. Calculate the height he may be able to jump on a planet whose density is [2]
one fourth that of the earth and Whose radius is one-third of the earth.
OR
In an imaginary planetary system, the central star has the same mass as our sun, but is brighter so that only a planet
twice the distance between the earth and the sun can support life. Assuming biological evolution (including aging

Page 3 of 18
 process etc.) on that planet similar to ours, what would be the average life span of a human on that planet in terms of
its natural year? The average life span of a human on the earth may be taken to be 70 years.
Section C
22. A U-tube is made up of capillaries of bore 1 mm and 2 mm respectively. The tube is held vertically and partially [3]

filled with a liquid of surface tension 49 dyne cm-1 and zero contact angle. Calculate the density of the liquid, if
the difference in the levels of the meniscus is 1.25 cm. Take g = 980 cms-2.
23. A thermometer has the wrong calibration. It reads the melting point of ice -10 °C. It reads 60° C in place of 50°. [3]
Calculate the temperature of the boiling point of water on this scale.
24. In a car race, car A takes time t less than car B and passes the finishing point with a velocity v more than the [3]
velocity with which car B passes the point. Assuming that the cars start from rest and travel with constant
accelerations a1 and a2, show that v = t√−−−−
a a .1 2

25. A truck starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 2.0 ms-2. At t = 10 s, a stone is dropped by a person [3]
standing on the top of the truck (6 m high from the ground). What are the
i. velocity, and
ii. acceleration of the stone at t = 11s? (Neglect air resistance.)

26. A sample of gas (γ = 1.5) is compressed adiabatically from a volume of 1600 cm3 to 400 cm3. If the initial [3]

pressure is 150 kPa, what is the final pressure, and how much work is done on the gas in the process?
27. State three basic laws of motion. Show that the first law of motion gives the definition of force and the second [3]
law of motion gives the measure of force.
28. Two soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 2 : 3. Compare the excess of pressure inside these bubbles. Also [3]
compare the works done in blowing these bubbles.
OR
Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of length 1.5 m and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount of glycerine
collected per second at one end is 4.0 × 10 −3
kgs
−1
, what is the pressure difference between the two ends of the
tube? (Density of glycerine = 1.3 × 10 3
kgm
−3
and viscosity of glycerine = 0.83 Pa s). [You may also like to check
if the assumption of laminar flow in the tube is correct].
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy associated with the object which is under motion. It is defined as
“the energy required by a body to accelerate from rest to stated velocity.” It is a vector quantity and the
momentum of an object is the virtue of its mass. It is defined as the product of mass and velocity. It is a vector
2

quantity. The relation between them is given by E = P

2m
. In case of the elastic collision both of these quantities
remain constant.

(i) Two masses of 1 gm and 4gm are moving with equal linear momentum. The ratio of their kinetic energy
is:

Page 4 of 18
 a) 1:2 b) 4:1

c) 1:1 d) 4:2
(ii) If the linear momentum is increased by 50%, then K.E will be increased by:

a) 50% b) 200%

c) 125% d) 100%
(iii) A heavy object and a light object have the same momentum. Which has the greater speed?

a) both heavy and light object b) heavy object

c) none of these d) light object

OR
When a body moves with a constant speed along a circle then

a) no acceleration is produced b) no work is done on it

c) none of these d) no force acts on it

(iv) Kinetic energy with any reference must be ________.

a) none of these b) negative

c) zero d) positive
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move, without violating any constraint
imposed on it, is called the number of degrees of freedom. According to the law of equipartition of energy, for
any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degree
of freedom.

(i) If gas has n degree of freedom, the ratio of specific heat is:

a) none of these b) 2n

c) 1 + 2/n d) 1 - 2/n
(ii) The kinetic energy, due to translational motion, of most of the molecules of an ideal gas at absolute
temperature T, is:

a) kT3 b) kT2

Page 5 of 18
 c) kT d) k/T
(iii) The mean free path is the:

a) length of the container that contains the b) mean of the square of the average
gas distance between two successive
collisions

c) the average distance covered by a d) none of these

molecule between two successive
collisions
(iv) The law of equipartition of energy is applicable to the system whose constituents are:

a) none of these b) in random motion

c) in orderly motion d) in rest

OR
Thermochemical calorie is equal to

a) 41.48 joule b) 4.148 joule

c) 4148 joule d) 414.8 joule

Section E
31. One end of a V-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other end to atmosphere. The [5]
two arms of the tube are inclined to horizontal at an angle of 45° each. A small pressure difference is created
between two columns when the suction pump is removed. Will the column of mercury in V-tube execute simple
harmonic motion? Neglect capillary and viscous forces. Find the time period of oscillation.
OR
What is Simple pendulum? Find an expression for the time period and frequency of a simple pendulum?

32. i. What is projectile motion? [5]

ii. The maximum range of projectile is 2
times actual range. What is the angle of projection for the actual
√3

range?
iii. Two balls are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles α and (90 °- α) with the horizontal. What will
be the ratio of the maximum heights attained by them? When will this ratio be equal to 1?
OR
2
v
A gun can fire shells with maximum speed v and the maximum horizontal range that can be achieved is R = . If a
0

0
g

target farther away by distance Δx (beyond R) has to be hit with the same gun as shown in the figure here, show that
it could be achieved by raising the gun to a height at least h = Δx [1 + Δx

R
]

[Hint: This problem can be approached in two different ways:

Page 6 of 18
 i. Refer to the diagram: target T is at the horizontal distance x = R + Δx and below the point of projection y = - h.
ii. From point P in the diagram: Projection at speed v at an angle θ below horizontal with height h and horizontal
0

rangeΔx.]
33. Prove the result that the velocity v of translation of a rolling body (like a ring, disc, cylinder or sphere) at the [5]
2gh
bottom of an inclined plane of a height h is given by v 2
=
2 2
.
(1+k /R )

Using dynamical consideration (i.e. by consideration of forces and torques). Note k is the radius of gyration of
the body about its symmetry axis, and R is the radius of the body. The body starts from rest at the top of the
plane.
OR
Derive an expression for the moment uniform solid sphere about its any diameter, write the expression for its moment
of its tangent.

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A
1. (a) 4
Explanation: There are three rules on determining how many significant figures are in a number:
Non-zero digits are always significant.
Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant.
So keeping these rules in mind, there are 4 significant digits.
2.
(d) 4
ω2 − ω1
Explanation: Beat frequency = f2 - f1= 2π

2008π−2000π
= 2π
= 4 Hz

3.
(d) zero
Explanation: As there is no external force and the two bodies move due to mutual force of attraction, so vCM = 0.

4.
(c) Poiseuille's equation
Explanation: Poiseuille's formula gives the volume of a liquid flowing out per second through a horizontal capillary tube of
length l, radius r, under a pressure difference p applied across its ends.
4
πpr
Q= V

t
=
8ηl

5.
(c) 1

2
GmM (
R1
1
−
R2
1
)

Explanation: Required kinetic energy

= Final T.E. - Initial T.E.
GMm GMm
=− 2R2
− (
2R1
)

= 1

2
GmM (
R1
1
−
1

R2
)

6.
(b) ultrasound
Explanation: SONAR emtis ultrasound.
7.
(b) motion along z-axis
Explanation: Given, at t =0 s, position of an object is (-1, 0, 3) and at t = 5 s, its coordinate is (-1, 0, 4). So, there is no change
in x and y-coordinates, while z-coordinate changes from 3 to 4. So, the object is in motion along z-axis.
8.
(d) 120 cm
Explanation: The fundamental frequency of closed pipe = Second overtone of an open pipe
v v
⇒ = 3 ⋅
4L ′
2L

⇒ L' = 6 L = 6 × 20 cm = 120 cm
9. (a) all of these
Explanation: all of these
10.
(c) GMK = 4π 2

2
mv GMm
Explanation: r
=
2
r

2 GM
⇒ v =
r

Page 8 of 18
 2
2π GM
⇒ ( ) =
T r

2
2 4x 3 3
⇒ T = r = Kr
GM
2
4x
∴ K =
GM

= GMK = 4π 2

11.
2

(d) 4πMR

5T
2

Explanation: L = I ω = 2

5
MR
2
⋅
2π

T
=
4πMR

5T

12.
(c) 167 kJ/kg
Explanation: Heat given out by freezing liquid
= Heat used in melting of ice
6 × L = 3 × 3.34 × 102
L = 1 .67 × 102kJ/kg = 167 kJ/kg
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Mutual impulsive forces act at the time of the collision. So, it does not depend on the nature of the force.
In all collisions, total linear momentum is conserved since the force exerted on the first particle is equal and opposite to the
force exerted on the second particle (from Newton's third law of motion).
So, assertion and reason both are true and the reason explains the assertion.
14.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
15. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: As no torque is acting on the planet its angular momentum must stay constant in magnitude as well as direction.
Therefore, plane of rotation must pass through the centre of the earth.
16.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
If P ⃗ ⋅ Q⃗ = |P ⃗ × Q⃗ |
or PQ cos θ = PQ sin θ
or tan θ = 1 or θ = π

So, P ⃗ ⋅ Q⃗ = |P ⃗ × Q⃗ | , only when angle between P ⃗ and Q⃗ is 45°.

Also, P ⃗ ⋅ Q⃗ = P Q cos π

2
= 0

Section B
17. Here Y =1012 dyn cm-2, ρ = 9 g cm-3
Speed of sound in the brass rod
−
− −−−
12 6
Y 10 10 −1
v = √ = √ = cm s
ρ 9 3

Length of rod, L = 1 m = 200 cm

6

Fundamental note, ν = v

λ
=
v

2L
=
10

3×200
= 1666.67 Hz
60 joule 60 joule
18. We are given that, P = 1min
=
60 s
= 1 watt
which is the SI unit of power.
Also the dimensional formula of power = [ML2T-3]
SI New System

n1 = 1 n2 = ?

M1 = 1 kg = 1000 g M2 = 10 g

L1 = 1 m = 100 cm L2 = 100 cm

Page 9 of 18
 T1 = 1 s T2 = 1 min = 60 s
a b c
M1 L1 T1
Using the formula n2 = n1[ M2
] [
L2
] [
T2
] , we have
−1 −2 −3

n2 = 1[ 1000

100
] [
100

100
] [
1

60
]

= 2.16 × 106
Therefore, 60 J min-1 = 2.16 × 106
That is the value of 60 J per minute in new units of power.
19. v = LT-1, ρ = ML-3, v = T-1
Solving for M, L and T in terms of v, ρ and v , we get
T = v-1, L = vν −1
l, M = ρv 3
ν
−3

[Force] = MLT-2 = ρv 3
ν
−3
vν
−1
v2 = ρv 4
ν
−2

[Impulse] = Force × time = ρv ν v-1 = ρv ν 4 −2 4 −3

20. Let M be the mass of uniform rope of length L. Then

M
Mass per unit length of rope = L

Acceleration in the rope = F

Let T be the tension in the rope at a distance l from the end where the force F is applied.
Mass of length (L - l) of the rope is
′ M
M = (L − l)
L

As tension T is the only force on the length (L - l) of the rope, so

l
T=M ′
×
M
F
=
M

L
(L − l) ×
F

M
= (1 −
L
)F

21. Radius of earth = R

density of earth = p
acceleration due to gravity = g = GM

2
R
4 3
M = πR ρ
3
4
g = πGRρ
3

acceleration due to gravity on the planet

′ 4 ′ ′
g = πGR ρ
3

The gain in PE at the highest point will be same in both cases. Hence
mg h = mgh
′ ′

4
m× πGRρh
mgh 3
′
h = =
′ 4
mg ′ ′
m πG R ρ
3
′ ′
Rρh 3R ×4ρ ×1.5
= =
′ ′ ′
R ρ R×ρ

= 18 m
OR
According to Kepler's law of periods,
2 3
T1 R1
( ) = ( )
T2 R2

Here,
T1 = Average life span of a human on the earth = 70 years.
T2 = Average life span of a human on the planet = ?
R1 = Distance between the earth and the planet = 2 R2
R2 = Distance between the earth and the sun.
2 3
70 2R2
∴ ( ) = ( )
T2 R2

or 70 × 70

2
=8
T
2

Page 10 of 18
 or T 2
2
=
70 × 70

∴ T2 =
70
= 25 planet years
√8

Section C
22. Here h1 = 2σ cos θ

r1 ρg
and h2 = 2σ cos θ

r2 ρg

∴ h1 - h2 = 2σ cos θ

ρg
[
1

r1
−
1

r2
]

2σ cos θ 1 1
ρ = [ − ]
( h1 − h2 )g r1 r2

Now r1 = 1

2
mm = 0.05 cm,
r2 = 2

2
mm = 0.1 cm,

σ = 49 dyne cm-1,
h1 - h2 = 1.125cm, θ = 0o, g = 980 cm s-2
∘
2×49×cos 0 1 1
∴ ρ = [ − ]
1.25×980 0.05 0.1

10 = 0.8g cm-3
2×49×1
= ×
1.25×980

23. Let
θ = Lower fixed point on faulty thermometer
1

θ = Reading on faulty thermometer

2

n = number of divisions between upper and lower fixed points

Now
C θ2 − θ1

100
=
n
....(i)
In first case,
θ2 = − 10 C
∘
, c = 0°c
−10−θ1
∴ 0 =
n
or θ 1 = − 10 C
∘

In the second case,

θ2 = 60 C
∘
,C = 50oC
60−θ1 60−(−10)
∴
50

100
=
n
or 1

2
=
n
=
70

or n = 140
As boiling point of water on Celsius scale is 100° C so putting C = 100 in equation (i), we get
θ2 −(−10)
100

100
=
140
or θ 2 = 130 C
∘

∴ The boiling point of water on a faulty thermometer

= 130oC
24. Let s be the distance covered by each car.
Let the times taken by the two cars to complete the journey be t1 and t2, and their velocities at the finishing point be v1 and v2
respectively. According to the problem,
v1 - v2 = v and t2 - t1 = t
0 + v
When u = 0, s = 2
× t =
v

2
⋅ t

v1 t1 v2 t2
∴ s= =
2 2
1 1
Also, s = 2
a1 t
2
1
=
2
a2 t
2
2

v1 − v2 t1 t2 2s( t2 − t1 )
Hence v

t
=
t2 − t1
=
t2 − t1
= =
2s

t1 t2
t1 t2 ( t2 − t1 )
−−− −−−−−
2

=√ 4s

2 2
= √
2s

2
⋅
2s

2
−−−−
= √a1 a2
t t t t
1 2 1 2

or v = t√−−−
a a
−
1 2

25. Given, the truck starts from rest

therefore, the initial velocity of the truck, u= 0
Acceleration of the truck,‘a’ = 2 m/s2
Time, t = 10 s
Now from the first equation of motion,
the final velocity, ‘v’ is
v = u + at
⇒ v = 0 + 2 m/s2 × 10 s =20 m/s

Page 11 of 18
 at t =10s
The velocity is 20 m/s
i. At t = 11 s,
The horizontal component of the velocity remains the same, in the absence of air resistance,
Thus, vx = 20 m/s
According to the first equation of motion, The vertical component of velocity of the stone is given by,
vy = u + ay δt

where,
δt = 11s − 10s = 1s and
since the direction is vertical the acceleration acting on it is due to the gravity.
Thus ay= g =10 m/s2

⇒ vy = 0+ 10 m/s2 × 1 s = 10 m/s
The final resultant velocity of the stone is given as,
vres = (vx2 + vy2)1/2

vres = (202 + 102)1/2 =√500m/s

−−−
⇒

⇒ vres =22.36 m/s

Let us suppose that the angle made by the resultant velocity with the horizontal velocity, vx is θ,
Thus,
vy
tan θ = ( vx
)

−1 10
⇒ θ = tan ( )
20

⇒ θ = tan-1(0.5) = 26.57o mm
The velocity of the stone at t =11 s is 22.36 m/s and is at angle 26.57° with the horizontal.
ii. When the stone is dropped from the truck, the horizontal force provided by the truck acting on the stone becomes zero. The
only force and thus, the acceleration, that remains is that in the vertical direction i.e. acceleration due to gravity.
Therefore, the acceleration of the stone is 10 m/s2 and it is in the downward direction.
26. Here γ = 1.5, V1 = 1600 cm3, V2 = 400 cm3, P1 = 150 kPa, P2 = ?
For an adiabatic process,
γ γ
P2 V = P1 V
2 1
γ 1.5
V1
∴ P2 = P1 (
V2
) = 150(
1600

400
) = 1200 kPa
Work done in the adiabatic compression,
P1 V1 − P2 V2
Wadi = γ − 1

3 −6 3 −6
150 × 10 × 1600 × 10 − 1200 × 10 × 400 × 10
= 1.5 − 1
240 − 480
= 0.5
= -480 J
27. Newton’s First Law of Motion also known as Law of Inertia states that every object persists to stay in uniform motion in a
straight line or in the state of rest unless an external force acts upon it. In a simpler form, the first law of motion may also be stated
as "If the net external force on a body is zero, its acceleration is zero. Acceleration can be non-zero only if there is a net external
force on the body".
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass,
force equals mass times acceleration, i.e.
F = ma
Δp ⃗ Δp ⃗
Thus, F ⃗ ∝ Δt
⃗
or F = k
Δt
, where k is a constant of proportionality, Δp is the change in momentum and p = mv.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: It states that "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction".

According to the first law of motion, in the absence of an external force, a body will maintain its position of rest or state of
uniform motion along a straight line. Thus, to change the position of rest or uniform motion of a body, we shall have to apply an
external force. If the external force is large enough, it may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. However, if the
magnitude of the force is small then it may not be able to change that state. Hence, “force is that external cause (push or pull)
which changes or tries to change the state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line of a given body".

Page 12 of 18
 Also, we know that,
F = ma
where F is the vector sum of all forces acting on the body, m is the mass of body and equation can be regarded as a statement of
Newton's 2nd law of motion.
This relation can be used to have the measure of a force.
R1
28. If R1 and R2 are the radii of the two bubbles, then R2
=
2

Let σ be the surface tension of the soap solution.

Excess pressure inside the bubble of radius R1,
p1 = 4σ

R1

Excess pressure inside the bubble of radius R2,

4σ
p2 = R2

p1 4σ R2 R2 3
∴
p
=
R1
×
4σ
=
R1
=
2
=3:2
2

Work done in blowing up the two soap bubbles is

W1 = 2 ×4πR × σ 2
1

and W2 = 2 ×4πR 2
2
× σ

2 2
W1 R
2
∴
W2
=
1

2
= (
3
) =4:9
R
2

OR
Length of the horizontal tube is given by, l = 1.5 m
Radius of the tube is, r = 1 cm = 0.01 m
Diameter of the tube is given by, d = 2r = 0.02 m
Glycerine is flowing at a rate of 4.0 × 10 kgs . −3 −1

−3 −1
M = 4.0 × 10 kgs

Density of Glycerine is given by, ρ = 1.3 × 10 3

kgm
−3

Viscosity of Glycerine is given by, η = 0.83 Pa s

Volume of Glycerine flowing per sec is given by :
M
V =
ρ
−3
4.0×10
=
3
1.3×10

−6 3 −1
= 3.08 × 10 m s

According to Poiseville's formula, we have the relation for the rate of flow:
4
πpr
V =
8ηl

Where, p is the pressure difference between the two ends of the tube
V 8ηl
∴ p =
πr4
−8
3.09× 10 ×8×0.83×1.5
=
4
π×(0.01)

2
= 9.8 × 10 P a

Reynolds' number is given by the relation:

4ρV
R=
πdη

3 −5
4×1.3× 10 ×3.08× 10
= = 0.3
π×(0.02)×0.83

Reynolds' number is about 0.3. Hence, the flow is laminar.

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy associated with the object which is under motion. It is defined as “the energy
required by a body to accelerate from rest to stated velocity.” It is a vector quantity and the momentum of an object is the virtue of
2
P
its mass. It is defined as the product of mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity. The relation between them is given by E = 2m
. In

Page 13 of 18
 case of the elastic collision both of these quantities remain constant.

(i) (b) 4:1

Explanation: 4:1
(ii) (c) 125%
Explanation: 125%
(iii) (d) light object
Explanation: light object
OR
(b) no work is done on it
Explanation: no work is done on it
(iv) (d) positive
Explanation: positive
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move, without violating any constraint imposed on it, is called
the number of degrees of freedom. According to the law of equipartition of energy, for any dynamic system in thermal
equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degree of freedom.

(i) (c) 1 + 2/n

Explanation: 1 + 2/n
(ii) (c) kT
Explanation: kT
(iii) (c) the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions
Explanation: the average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collisions
(iv) (b) in random motion
Explanation: in random motion
OR
(b) 4.148 joule
Explanation: 4.148 joule

Page 14 of 18
 Section E
31. L et the liquid column in both arms of the V-tube were at h heights initially. Now due to pressure difference the liquid columns 0

in A arm is pressed by x and in arm B is liftted by x (so difference in vertical height between two levels = 2x ) Consider an
element of liquid of height dx inside the tube.

Then its dm = volume × density = A .dxρ (where, A =area of cross-section of tube, ρ = density of the liquid inside the tube)
Potential energy of the right arm with dm elementary mass column = (dm) gh
Potential energy of dm elementary mass in left arm column = Aρgxdx (putting the value of dm = A. dx. ρ and h = x)
2
h1
h1
∴ Total potential energy in left column = ∫ 0
Aρgxdx = Aρg [
x

2
]
0
2
h
1
= Aρg
2
h1
From above given figure sin 45 ∘
=
l
∴ h1 = h2 = l sin 45
∘
=
l

√2
2
2 2 l
∴ h = h =
1 2 2
2

∴ Potential energy in the left column = Aρg l

4
2

Similarly potential energy in right column= Aρg l

2 2 2
l l Aρgl
∴ Total potential energy = Aρg 4
+ Aρg
4
=
2

Due to pressure difference, left element moves towards right side by 'y' units and the same element rises in the right arm by 'y'
units.
Then the liquid column length in the left arm becomes by decreasing = ( l - y )
And the liquid column length in the right arm becomes by increasing = ( l + y )
Now decreased potential energy of liquid column in the left arm = Aρg(l − y) sin 2 2
45
∘

Similarly increased potential energy of liquid column in the right arm = Aρg(l + y) 2
sin
2
45
∘

∴ Total potential energy due to two liquid columns in the left and right arm respectively = Aρg ( 1
) [(l − y )
2 2
+ (l + y ) ]
√2

Final potential energy due to difference in liquid columns in the two arms,
Aρg
2 2 2 2
= [l + y − 2ly + l + y + 2ly]
2
Aρg
∴ Final potential energy = 2
(2l
2
+ 2y )
2

Now change in potential energy = Final potential energy due to liquid columns in the two arms– Initial potential energy due to
liquid columns in the two arms
2
Aρg Aρgl
2 2
= (2l + 2y ) −
2 2
Aρg
2 2 2
= [2l + 2y − l ]
2
Aρg
∴ Change in potential energy = 2
(l
2
+ 2y )
2

If change in velocity (v) of total liquid column be v then change in kinetic energy,
1 2
ΔK E = mv
2

Again m = volume × density = (A.2l ) ρ

1 2 2
∴ ΔK E = (A2lρ)v = Aρlv
2
Aρg
∴ Change in Total energy = change in potential energy + change in kinetic energy = 2
(l
2 2
+ 2y ) + Aρlv
2

Again, from the law of conservation of energy, total change in energy ΔP E + ΔK E = 0

Aρg
2 2 2
∴ [l + 2y ] + Aρlv = 0
2
Aρ
2 2 2
∴ [g (l + 2y ) + 2lv ] = 0
2
Aρ
∵ ≠ 0
2

2 2 2
∴ g (l + 2y ) + 2lv = 0

dy
Differentiating on both sides of the above equation with respect to time,t we get g [0 + 2 × 2y dt
] + 2l.2v ⋅
dv

dt
= 0

2 2
dy d y dv d y
∴ 4gy + 4vl = 0 [∵ a = = ]
dt 2 dt 2
dt dt
2 2
d y d y
⇒ 4gy ⋅ v + 4vl
2
= 0 ⇒ 4v [gy + l ⋅
2
] = 0 ​
dt dt

Page 15 of 18
 2
d y g
⇒
2
+
l
y = 0 ∵ 4v ≠ 0 ....(i)
dt

It is the equation of a simple harmonic motion and can be compared with the standard equation of a simple harmonic motion i.e.
2
d y

2
+ ω y = 0
2
.....(ii) [ω is the angular acceleration or angular frequency of the particle executing simple harmonic motion]
dt
g
Comparing the above two equations (i) and (ii) we get, ∴ ω 2
=
l
​
−
−
g
−
−
2π l 2π
∴
T
= √
l
⇒ T = 2π√
g
[∵ ω = T
, T being time period of the simple harmonic motion]
OR
A simple pendulum is the most common example of the body executing S.H.M, it consists of heavy point mass body suspended
by a weightless inextensible and perfectly flexible string from rigid support, which is free to oscillate. When a pendulum is
displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back
toward the equilibrium position. When released, the restoring force acting on the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the
equilibrium position, swinging back and forth. The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the
period.
Let m = mass of bob
l = length of a pendulum
Let O is the equilibrium position, OP = X
Let θ = small angle through which the bob is displaced.
The forces acting on the bob are:-
i. The weight = Mg acting vertically downwards.
ii. The tension = T in string acting along Ps.
Resolving Mg into 2 components as Mg Cos θ and Mg Sin θ,
Now, T = Mg Cos θ
Restoring force F = - Mg Sin θ
- ve sign shows force is directed towards mean position.
Arc(op)
Let θ = Small, so Sin θ ≈ θ = 1
=
x

Hence F = - mg θ
⇒ F = - mg
x
→ 3)
l

Now, In S.H.M, F = k x → 4)
where,k = Spring constant
Equating equation 3) & 4) for F
⇒- k x = - m g
x

l
mg
⇒ Spring factor = k = l

Inertia factor = Mass of bob = m

Now, Time period = T
−−−−−−−−−
Inertia factor
= 2π√
Spring factor
​
−
−
l
⇒T = 2π√
g

32. i. When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under constant acceleration that is
directed towards the centre of the earth (we assume that the particle remains close to the surface of the earth). The path of such
a particle is called a projectile and the motion is called projectile motion.
2 2

ii. R max =
2
R or u

g
=
2
×
u sin 2θ

g
√3 √3

√3
or sin 2θ = 2
= sin 60
∘
∴ θ = 30
∘

2 2
v sin α
iii. h 1 =
2g

2 ∘ 2 2
y sin 2( 90 −(x) y cos α
h2 = =
2g 2g
2 2
h1 2g
Therefore, h2
=
v sin

2g
α
×
2 2
v cos α
2
lan α
=
1

Ratio:h1:h2 = tan2 α :1

OR
2
V0
Maximum range of projectile, R = g
.........(i)
We know, maximum range is achieved at θ = 45°​​​​​​​

Page 16 of 18
 Let the gun is raised to a height h from the horizontal level of target T, so that the projectile can hit the target T.
Total range of projectile must be R = R + Δx total

Horizontal component of velocity at A = v cos(θ) 0

As A and P are on the same level, the magnitude of velocity will be the same at A and P.
​But the direction of velocity will be below horizontal,
So horizontal velocity at P, v = −v cos(θ) x 0

and vertical velocity at P, v = v sin(θ) y 0

Now h = ut + at 1

2
2

h = − v0 sin θ(t) +
1

2
gt
2
…....(ii)
Consider horizontal motion from A to T , distance (R + Δx) = v cos θ. t 0

R+Δx
t =
v0 cos θ

Substitute t in (ii) we get

2
R+Δx 1 (R+Δx)
h = − v0 sin θ [ ] + g
ν0 cos θ 2 2 2
v cos θ
0

2
1 g (R+Δx)
∘
h = − tan θ (R + Δx) + ( ) (∵ θ = 45 ⇒ tan(45) = 1)
2 2 1/2
v
0

1 g 1
2 2
h = −(R + Δx) + (R + Δx + 2RΔx) [∵ = ]
R 2 R
v
0

2 2
Δx Δx
h = −R − Δx + R + R
+ 2Δx = Δx +
R

Δx
h = Δx [1 + ]
R

Hence Proved.
33. A body rolling on an inclined plane of height h, is shown in the following figure:

m = Mass of the body

R = Radius of the body
K = Radius of gyration of the body
At highest point,
energy of body (Ei)= PE = mgh
At lowest point,
Energy of body(Ef) = linear kinetic energy + rotation kinetic energy
= 1

2
× mv² + 1

2
× Iω
2

But I = mk2 and ω = v

R
2
1 2 v 1 2
∴ Ef = (mk ) ( ) + mv
2 2 2
R
2
1 2 k 1 2
= mv + mv
2 2 2
R
2
1 2 k
= mv (1 + )
2 2
R

From the law of conservation of energy, we have:

Ei = Ef
2
1 2 k
mgh = mv (1 + )
2 2
R

2gh
∴ v =
2 2
(1+ k /R )

Hence, the given result is proved.

OR
Moment of inertia of a solid sphere about its diameter. Consider a uniform solid sphere of mass M and radius R. We wish to
determine its moment of inertia about diameter AB.
Volume of the sphere = πR 4

3
3

3M
Mass per unit volume, p = 3
4πR

We can imagine the sphere to be made up of a large number of thin slices placed perpendicular to the diameter AB. Consider one
such slice of thickness dx placed at distance x from the centre O.

Page 17 of 18
 −−−−−−−
Radius of the elementary slice = √R − x 2 2

Volume of the elementary slice = Area × thickness

−−− −−−− 2
= π(√R 2 2 2 2
− x ) × dx = π (R − x ) dx

Mass of the elementary slice

= Volume ×ρ = π (R − x ) dx × 2 2 3M

3
4πR
2 2
3M(R − x )dx

=
3
4R

Moment of inertia of the thin slice about the axis AB passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane,
1 2
dI = Mass ×( radius )
2
2 2
3M(R − x )dx
1 2 2
= , ⋅ (R − x )
2 3
4R
2 2
2
3M(R − x ) dx

=
3
8R

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 9

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Dimensional analysis can be used to [1]

a) check the validity of an equation. b) deducing relations among the physical

quantities.

c) to check integration of the equation. d) check the order of an equation.

2. Two waves of equal amplitude A and equal frequency travel in the same direction in a medium. The amplitude [1]
of the resultant wave is

a) 2A b) 0

c) Between 0 to 2A d) A
3. One circular ring and one circular disc both are having the same mass and radius. The ratio of their moments of [1]
inertia about the axis passing through their centres and perpendicular to their planes will be

a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1

c) 1 : 1 d) 4 : 1
4. At large flow velocities, the flow of fluid becomes: [1]

a) viscous b) turbulent

c) compressible d) laminar
5. An astronaut is standing on an asteroid when he accidentally drops a wrench. He observes that the gravitational [1]

Page 1 of 18
 acceleration on the asteroid is 2.4 m/s2. If he had thrown the wrench at an upward angle instead, he would have
found the gravitational acceleration on the asteroid to be:

a) less than 2.4 m/s2 b) downward at 2.4 m/s2

c) greater than 2.4 m/s2 d) toward him at 2.4 m/s2

6. A particle on the trough of a wave at any instant will come to the mean position after a time: (T = time period) [1]

a) T

4
b) T

c) T d) 2T
7. A car moving with a speed of 25 m/s takes a U-turn in 5 s, without changing its speed. The average acceleration [1]
during these 5 s is:

a) 7 m/s2 b) 2 m/s2

c) 10 m/s2 d) 5 m/s2

8. If the intensity level of a sound wave is increased by factor 20, the corresponding change in decibels level of the [1]
sound would be

a) 7 dB b) 19 dB

c) 27 dB d) 13 dB
9. A capillary tube of radius r is immersed in water and water rises in it to a height h. The mass of water in the [1]
capillary tube is 5 g. Another capillary tube of radius 2 r is immersed in water. The mass of water that will rise in
this tube is

a) 5.0 g b) 10 g

c) 20 g d) 2.5 g
10. Consider a spacecraft in an elliptical orbit around the earth. At the low point, or perigee, of its orbit, it is 400 km [1]
above the earth’s surface; at the high point, or apogee, it is 4000 km above the earth’s surface. It is necessary to
have the spacecraft escape from the earth completely. If the spacecraft’s rockets are fired at perigee, by how
much would the speed have to be increased to achieve this? If the spacecraft’s rockets are fired at apogee, by
how much would the speed have to be increased to achieve this?

a) 3410 m/sec(perigee), 6761 m/sec(apogee) b) 2410 m/sec(perigee),8761 m/sec(apogee)

c) 5410 m/sec(perigee), 8761 m/sec(apogee) d) 4410 m/sec(perigee), 7761 m/sec(apogee)

11. A circular platform is mounted on a frictionless vertical axle. Its radius R = 2 m and its moment of inertia about [1]
the axle is 200kgm2. It is initially at rest. A 50 kg man stands on the edge of the platform and begins to walk
along the edge at the speed of 1ms-1 relative to the ground. Time taken by the man to complete one revolution is

a) π s b) 3π

2
s

c) d) 2 πs
π
s
2

12. A brass boiler has a base area of 0.15 m2 and thickness 1.0 cm. It boils water at a rate of 6.0 kg/min when placed [1]
on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler. Thermal conductivity
of brass = 109 J s−1m−1K−1 ; Heat of vaporization of water = 2256 × 103Jkg−1.

a) 237 oC b) 238 oC

Page 2 of 18
 c) 240 oC d) 239 oC

13. Assertion (A): Fault lines in the earth's crust are like compressed springs. [1]
Reason (R): Compressed springs possess a large amount of kinetic energy.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion: First law of thermodynamics allows many processes which actually don’t happen. [1]
Reason: First law of thermodynamics must not be violated for any process to happen.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): Newton's universal law of gravitation is an inverse square law. [1]
Reason (R): The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Displacement vector is defined with respect to origin. [1]
Reason (R): Position vector is defined with respect to origin.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. The displacement y of a particle in a medium can be expressed as y = 10-6 sin (100t + 20x + π
). Where t is in [2]
2

second and x in metre. What is the speed of the wave?

18. The Vander Wall's equation for a gas is (P +
a
2
) (V - b) = RT [2]
V

Determine the dimensions of a and b. Hence write the SI units of a and b.

19. A small spherical ball of radius r falls with velocity v through a liquid having coefficient of viscosity η. Find the [2]
viscous drag F on the ball assuming it depends on η, r and v. Take K = 6π.
20. What is static friction? Is it self adjusting in nature? [2]
21. A body hanging from a spring stretches it by 1 cm at the earth's surface. How much will the same body stretch at [2]
a place 1600 klm above the earth's surface? Radius of earth 6400 km.
OR
If radius of earth is 6400km, what will be the weight of 1 quintal body if taken to the height of 1600 km above the
sea level?
Section C
22. A metallic sphere of radius 1.0 × 10-3m and density 1.0 × 104kg m-3 enters a tank of water, after a free fall [3]

through a distance of h in the earth’s gravitational field. If its velocity remains unchanged after entering water,

Page 3 of 18
 determine the value of h. Given coefficient of viscosity of water = 1.0 × 10-3 Nsm-2, g = 10 ms-2 and density of

water = 1 .0 × 103kgm-3.
23. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin is 49 × 10 −5
K
−1
. What is the fractional change in its density [3]
for a 30 °C rise in temperature?

24. At t = 0, a particle is at rest at origin. Its acceleration is 2 m/s2 for the first 3 s and -2 m /s2 for next 3s. Plot the [3]
acceleration versus time and velocity versus time graph.
25. A ball is suspended by a cord from the ceiling of a motor car. What will be the effect on the position of the ball if [3]
i. the car is moving with uniform velocity
ii. the car is moving with accelerated motion and
iii. the car is turning towards right?
26. State and explain First Law of Thermodynamics. [3]
27. The masses m1, m2 and m3 of the three bodies shown in figure are 5, 2 and 3 kg respectively. Calculate the [3]
values of the tensions T1, T2 and T3 when

i. the whole system is going upward with an acceleration of 2 ms-2 and

ii. the whole system is stationary. Given g = 9.8 ms-2.

28. A liquid drop of diameter 4mm breaks into 1000 droplets of equal size. Calculate the resultant change in the [3]
surface energy. The surface tension of the liquid is 0.07 Nm-1.
OR

A vertical off-shore structure is built to withstand a maximum stress of 109 Pa. Is the structure suitable for putting up
on top of an oil well in the ocean? Take the depth of the ocean to be roughly 3 km, and ignore ocean currents.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure.

Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the
elastic potential energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the
state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring.
(i) The potential energy of a spring increases in which of the following cases?

a) If work is done against conservative b) If work is done by non-conservative

force force

Page 4 of 18
 c) If work is done by conservative force d) If work is done against non-
conservative force
(ii) The potential energy, i.e. U(x) can be assumed zero when

a) gravitational force is constant b) x = 0

c) infinite distance from the gravitational d) All of these

source
(iii) The ratio of spring constants of two springs is 2 : 3. What is the ratio of their potential energy, if they are
stretched by the same force?

a) 3 : 2 b) 9 : 4

c) 2 : 3 d) 4 : 9
OR
The potential energy of a spring increases by 15 J when stretched by 3 cm. If it is stretched by 4 cm, the
increase in potential energy is

a) 36 J b) 30 J

c) 27 J d) 33 J
(iv) The potential energy of a spring when stretched through a distance x is 10 J. What is the amount of work
done on the same spring to stretch it through an additional distance x?

a) 40 J b) 10 J

c) 30 J d) 20 J
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly
colliding and changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic
energy.

(i) If the temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 600 K then the average kinetic energy becomes:

a) same b) becomes double

c) becomes half d) none of these

(ii) What is the average velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas?

a) Infinite b) Same

c) None of these d) Zero

Page 5 of 18
 (iii) Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with uniform speed. The temperature of the gas
molecules inside will ________.

a) decrease b) none of these

c) increase d) remains same

(iv) Find the ratio of average kinetic energy per molecule of Oxygen and Hydrogen:

a) 1:1 b) 4:1

c) 1:2 d) 1:4
OR
The velocities of the three molecules are 3v, 4v, and 5v. calculate their root mean square velocity?

a) 4.0 v b) 4.02 v

c) 4.08 v d) 4.04 v
Section E
31. Draw a graph to show the variation of P.E., K.E. and total energy of a simple harmonic oscillator with [5]
displacement.
OR
Plot the corresponding reference circle for each of the following simple harmonic motions. Indicate the initial (t = 0)
position of the particle, the radius of the circle, and the angular speed of the rotating particle. For simplicity, the sense
of rotation may be fixed to be anticlockwise in every case: (x is in cm and t is in s).
a. x = -2 sin (3t + )
π

b. x = cos ( – t)
π

c. x = 3 sin (2πt + π

4
)
d. x = 2 cos πt
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
32. The figure shows three vectors OA , OB and OC which are equal in magnitude (say, F). Determine the [5]
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
direction of OA + OB − OC .

OR
i. Pick out only the vector quantities from the following: Temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power, charge.
ii. Show by drawing a neat diagram that the flight of a bird is an example of composition of vectors.

iii. A man is travelling at 10.8 km h-1 in a topless car on a rainy day. He holds his umbrella at an angle 37° to the
vertical to protect himself from the rain which is falling vertically downwards. What is the velocity of the rain?
[ Given cos 37°= 4

5
]
33. A metal bar 70 cm long and 4.00 kg in mass supported on two knife-edges placed 10 cm from each end. A 6.00 [5]
kg load is suspended at 30 cm from one end. Find the reactions at the knife-edges. (Assume the bar to be of
uniform cross-section and homogeneous).
OR

Page 6 of 18
From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius is cut out. The centre of the hole is at from the centre
R R

2 2

of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body.

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A
1.
(b) deducing relations among the physical quantities.
Explanation: Dimensional analysis is also used to deduce the relation between two or more physical quantities. If we know the
degree of dependence of a physical quantity on another, that is the degree to which one quantity changes with the change in
another, we can use the principle of consistency of two expressions to find the equation relating these two quantities.
2.
(c) Between 0 to 2A
Explanation: Between 0 to 2A
3.
(b) 2 : 1
Iring 2

Explanation: I
=
1
MR
= 2 : 1
disc 2
MR
2

4.
(b) turbulent
Explanation: When any liquid is flowing more than the velocity of its critical velocity then flow becomes turbulent.
5.
(b) downward at 2.4 m/s2
Explanation: The acceleration will be downward at 2.4 m/s2.
6. (a) T

Explanation:
It is clear from the figure that the particle will come after a time T

4
to its mean position.

7.
(c) 10 m/s2
= 10 m/s2
v2 − v1 (−25) − 25
Explanation: aav = t2 − t1
=
5

8.
(d) 13 dB
Explanation: Δβ = β 2 − β1
20I I
= 10 log − 10 log
I0 I0

=10 × 1.3010 ≃ 13 dB
9.
(b) 10 g
Explanation: m = π r2hρ
2 2σ cos θ 2πrσ cos θ
= πr ( )ρ =
rρg g

⇒ m∝r
′

∴
m

m
=
2r

r
=2
or m' = 2m = 2 × 5g = 10 g
10.
(b) 2410 m/sec(perigee),8761 m/sec(apogee)
Explanation: To escape Earth, we need total energy of zero. (Efinal = 0 because U → 0 as R → ∞ and K → 0 as v = 0 at R

Page 8 of 18
 → ∞ )
So,
Kp + Up = 0
Looking for new velocity at perigee
1 2 GMm
mvp,escape =
2 Rp
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−− −11 24
2GM 2×6.67× 10 ×5.97× 10
vp, escape = √ = √
Rp 6
6.78×10

= 1.084 × 104m/sec = 10840 m/sec Similar calculation at apogee gives

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−−
= 8.76 × 103m/sec = 8760 m/sec
−11 24
2GM 2×6.67× 10 ×5.97× 10
va,escape = √ = √
Ra 6
10.38×10

If the rocket are fired at perigee,

Increase of speed = vp,escape - vp = 2.41 × 103m/sec = 2410 m/sec
If the rocket are fired at apogee,
Increase of speed = va,escape - vp = 8.761 × 103 m/sec = 8761 m/sec

11.
(d) 2 π s
Explanation: By the conservation of angular momentum,
mvR = I ωp
mvR 50×1×2
ωp = = = 0.5rads
I 200
v 1 −1
ωm = = = 0.5rad s
R 2

Angular velocity of the man relative to the platform,

−1
ω = ωm − ωp = 0.5 − (−0.5) = 1 rad s
2π 2πrad
T = = = 2πs
ω −1
1 rad s

12.
(b) 238 oC
Explanation: The base area of the boiler, A = 0.15 m2
Thickness of the boiler, l = 1.0 cm = 0.01 m
Boiling rate of water, R = 6.0 kg/min
Mass, m = 6 kg
Time, t = 1 min = 60 s
Thermal conductivity of brass, K = 109 J s –1 m–1 K–1
Heat of vaporisation, L = 2256 × 103 J kg–1
The amount of heat flowing into the water through the brass base of the boiler is
KA( T1 − T2 )
Q =
l
t ......(1)
where,
T1 = Temperature of the flame in contact with the boiler
T2 = Boiling point of water = 100°C
Heat required for boiling the water
Q = mL....…(ii)
Equating equations (i) and (ii), we get:
KA( T1 − T2 )t
mL = l

T1 - T2 = mLl

KAt

3
6×2256× 10 ×0.01
= (109×0.15×60)

= 137.98 oC
Therefore, the temperature of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler is 237.98oC.
13.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The earth's crust has many discontinuities and dislocations those are called fault lines. These fault lines in the

Page 9 of 18
 earth's crust are like compressed springs. So, the assertion is true.
But the compressed springs possess large amount of potential energy. Hence the reason is false.
14.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: According to Newton's universal law of gravitation, everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a
force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them.
So, this law is an inverse square law since the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two
bodies.
So, the assertion and reason both are true and the reason explains the assertion.
16.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. We compare the given wave equation with the standard wave equation,
y = A sin(ωt + kx + ϕ)

We get ω = 100rads and k = 20rad m-1 −1

Speed of the wave, v = = = 5 ms

ω

k
100

20
−1

18. Since dimensionally similar quantities can be added or subtracted, therefore,

[P] = [ a

2
]
V

or [a] = [PV2] = [ML-1 T-2] [L3]2 = ML5T-2

Also, [b] = [V] = L3
The SI unit of a is kg m5s-2 and that of b is m3.
19. Let F = K η r v , then a b c

M1L1T-2 = [ML-1T-1]a[L]b[LT-1]c
= Ma L-a + b + c T-a - c
∴ a = 1, - a + b + c = 1, - a - c = -2

On solving, a = b = c = 1
Hence F = K ηrv = 6πηrv (Stoke's law)
20. Static friction is the force of friction which comes into play between the surfaces of contact of two bodies when there is no relative
motion between the bodies inspite of applying an external force on them. Force of static friction is self-adjusting. Its value may
vary from zero to limiting friction depending on the value of applied force.
GM
21. In equilibrium mg = kg, g = 2
R

At height h mg’ = kx’, g ′

=
GM

2
(R+h)
′ ′ 2
g x R
= =
g x 2
(R+h)

′ 2
(6400)
x 6
= =
x 2 25
(6400+1600)

16
∴ x = × 1cm = 0.64cm
25

OR
R = 6400km = 6400 × 103m
h = 1600km
w = mg = 1 quintal = 100 kg = 100 × 9.8 N=980N
new weight of body is
weight (w') = mg'
gravity at height
2
′ R
g = g( )
R+h

Page 10 of 18
 2
′ 6400
w = 100 × 9.8( )
1600+6400

w' = 100 × 9.8N × 0.64= 627.2N

w'=627.2/9.8 =64kg
Section C
22. The velocity attained by the sphere after falling freely from height h is
−−−
v = √2gh ...(i)
After entering water, the velocity of the sphere does not change. So v is also the terminal velocity of the sphere. Hence
2
2 r
v= 9 η
(ρ − ρ ) g
′

But ρ = 104 kgm-3, ρ = 103 kgm-3, r = 10-3m, g = 10 ms-2, η = 10-3 Nsm-2

′

−3 2 4 3

= 20 ms-1
(10 ) ×(10 − 10 )×10
2
∴ v = ×
9 −3
10
2
v 20×20
From (i), h = 2g
=
2×10
= 20 m
23. Coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin, α V = 49 × 10
−5 −1
K

Rise in temperature, ΔT = 30 C ∘

Fractional change in its volume = ΔV

This change is related with the change in temperature as:

ΔV
= av ΔT
V
VT − VT

⇒
2

VT
1
= αV ΔT (V T
2
and V T
1
are the volumes of glycerin at absolute temperatures T2 and T1 respectively)
1

∴ VT − VT = VT × αv ΔT
2 1 1

m m m
⇒ − = × αv ΔT
ρT ρT ρT
2 1 1

Where,
m = Mass of glycerine
ρ = Initial density at T1 when volume was V
T1 T1

ρT
2
= Final density at T2 when volume becomes V T2

ρ −ρ
T1 T2
∴ = αv ΔT
ρ
T2

Where,
ρ −ρ
T1 T2

ρ
= Fractional change in density
T2

∴ Fractional change in the density of glycerin = 49 × 10 −5

× 30 = 1.47 × 10
−2

24. The acceleration -time graph is

The area enclosed between a-t curve gives change in velocity for the corresponding interval.
At t = 0, v = 0, hence final velocity at t = 3 s will increase to 6 m/s. In next 3 s, the velocity will decrease to zero. Thus, the
velocity-time graph is

25. i. The ball will remain suspended vertically.

ii. The ball will move in backward direction.
iii. The ball will move towards left.
26. According to First Law of Thermodynamics, if an amount of heat ΔQ is supplied to a thermodynamic system, a part of it may
increase the internal energy of the system by ΔU and the remaining part is used up as the external work done ΔW by the system.
Thus, we have ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW

Page 11 of 18
 First Law of Thermodynamics follows the conservation law of energy and establishes an exact relation between heat transferred
and mechanical work done. It provides a valuable concept of internal energy. It is applicable to every process in nature and to all
the three states of matter i.e., solid, liquid and gases. Moreover, change in internal energy of a system may be due to any cause
like change in translational or rotational or vibrational kinetic energy or molecular potential energy etc.
27. i. The three bodies together are moving upward with an acceleration of 2 ms-2. The force pulling the system upward is T1 and
the downward force of gravity is (m1 + m2 + m3)g.
According to Newton's second law,
T1 - (m1 + m2 + m3)g = (m1 + m2 + m3)a
or T1 = (m1 + m2 + m3)(a + g)
= (5 + 2 + 3) (2 + 9.8) = 10 × 11.8
= 118 N
Similarly, for the motion of the system m2 + m3, we can write
T2 = ( m2 + m3)(a + g)
= (2 + 3)(2 + 9.8) = 5 × 11.8
= 59 N
For the motion of body of mass m3, we have
T3 = m3 (a + g) = 3(2 + 9.8)
= 35.4 N
ii. When the whole system is stationary, a = 0. From the above equations, we get
T1 - (m1 + m2 + m3)g = 10 × 9.8 = 98 N
T2 = (m2 + m3) g = 5 × 9.8 = 49 N
T3 = m3 g = 3 × 9 .8 = 29.4 N
28. Since the diameter of drop = 4mm
Radius of drop = 2mm = 2 × 10-3m
S = Surface tension = 0.07 N

Let r be the radius of each of the small droplets volume of big drop = 1000 × volume of the small droplets
4 3 4 3
πr = 1000 × πr
3 3

or R = 10r
= 2 × 10-4m
−3

⇒ r= 2×10

10

original surface area of the drop = 4π R2

Total surface area of = 1000 × 4π r2 - 4π R2
= 4π [1000 r2 - R2]
Increase in surface = 4 × 22

2
([1000 × (2 × 10-4)2] - [(2 × 10-3)2])
=4× 22

2
[1000 × 4 × 10-8 - 4 × 10-6]
=8× 22

2
[10-5 - 10-6]
10-5m2
3168
= 7
×

Increase in surface energy = Surface tension × Increase in surface area

10-5
3168
= 0.07 × 7
×

= 3168 × 10-8 J
OR
The maximum allowable stress for the structure is, P = 109 Pa
Depth of the ocean is given by, d = 3 km= 3 × 103 m
Density of water is given by, ρ = 103
kg

3
m

Acceleration due to gravity is, g = 9.8 m

s2

The pressure exerted at depth , d = ρ dg

= 3 × 103 × 103 × 9.8

Page 12 of 18
 = 2.94 × 107 Pa
The maximum allowable stress for the structure (109 Pa) is greater than the pressure of the sea water (2.94 × 107 Pa). The
pressure exerted by the ocean is less than the pressure that the structure can withstand. Hence, the structure is suitable for putting
up on top of an oil well in the ocean.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure.

Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the elastic potential
energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of
an elastic spring.
(i) (a) If work is done against conservative force
Explanation: If work is done against conservative force
(ii) (d) All of these
Explanation: All of these
(iii) (a) 3 : 2
Explanation: 3 : 2
OR
(c) 27 J
Explanation: 27 J
(iv) (c) 30 J
Explanation: 30 J
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In a gas the particles are always in a state of random motion, all the particles move at different speed constantly colliding and
changing their speed and direction, as speed increases it will result in an increase in its kinetic energy.

(i) (b) becomes double

Explanation: becomes double
(ii) (d) Zero
Explanation: Zero
(iii) (d) remains same
Explanation: remains same
(iv) (a) 1:1
Explanation: 1:1
OR
(c) 4.08 v
Explanation: 4.08 v

Page 13 of 18
 Section E
31. The potential energy (PE) of a simple harmonic oscillator is
PE =
1
kα =
2
2
mω x .... (i) 1

2
2 2

When, PE is plotted against displacement x, we will obtain a parabola.

When x = 0, PE = 0
When x = ± A, P E = maximum
1 2 2
= mω A
2

The kinetic energy (KE) of a simple harmonic oscillator KE = 1

2
2
mv
−−−−− −
But velocity of oscillator v = ω √A 2
− x
2

1
−−−−−−
2 2 2
⇒ KE = m[ω √A − x ]
2

or KE = 1

2
mω
2
(A
2
− x )
2
..... (ii)
This is also parabola, if we plot KE against displacement x
i.e. KE = 0 at x = ± A
and KE = mω A at x = 0
1

2
2 2

Now, total energy of the simple harmonic oscillator = PE + KE [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
1 2 2 1 2 2 2
= mω x + mω (A − x )
2 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
= mω x + mω A − mω x
2 2 2
1
TE = 2
mω A
2 2
= constant

which is a constant and independent of x.

Plotting under the above guidelines KE, PE and TE versus displacement x-graph as follows:

Important point: From the graph, we note that potential energy or kinetic energy completes two vibrations in a time during
which S.H.M. completes one vibration.
Thus the frequency of potential energy or kinetic energy is double that of S.H.M.
OR
a. x = 2 cos(3t + π

3
+
π

2
)

Radius of the reference circle, r = amplitude of SHM = 2 cm,

−2√3 –
At t = 0, x = −2 sin π

3
= 2
= -√3 cm
Also ω t = 3t ∴ ω = 3 rad/s
, ϕ = 150o
√3
cos ϕ = −0
2
0

The reference circle is, thus, as plotted below.

b. x = cos(t − π

6
)

Radius oif circle, r = amplitude of SHM = 1 cm.

√3
At t = 0, x = cos π

6
=
2
cm
Also ω t = 1t ⇒ ω = 1 rad/s
√3 π
cos ϕ0 = , ϕ0 = −
2 6

Page 14 of 18
 The reference circle is, thus as plotted below.

c. x = 3 cos(2πt + π

4
+
π

2
)

√3
Here, radius of reference circle, r = 3 cm and at t = 0, x = 3 sin π

4
= 2
cm
ω t = 2π t ⇒ ω = 2π rad/s
√3

2 1
cos ϕ0 = = −
3 √2

Therefore, the reference circle is being shown below.

d. x = 2 cos π t
Radius of reference circle, r = 2 cm and at t = 0, x = 2 cm
∴ ωt = πt or ω = π rad/s
cos ϕ0 = 1, ϕ0 = 0

The reference circle is plotted below.

→ → → →
32. Given, | O A| = | O B| = | O C | = F

Angles are 30o, 45o and 60o.

Resolve all the vector components individually

Rx = R x1 + Rx
2
+ Rx
3

Sum of vectors in x-direction (i.e. Rx) and sum of vactors in y-direction (i.e. Ry)

Rx = A cos 30o + B cos 60o - C cos 45o

F √3
= 2
+ F

2
- F
[∵ A = B = C = F]
√2

F – –
= (√6 + √2 − 2)
2√2

Ry = A sin 30o + C cos 45o - B sin 60o

F F F √3 F – –
= 2
+ - 2
= (√2 + 2 − √6)
√2 2√2

Determination of magnitude,

Page 15 of 18
 −−−−−−−
R = √R 2
x + Ry
2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
F – – F – –
= √[ (√6 + √2 − 2)] + [ (√2 + 2 − √6)]
2√2 2√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √F (0.435) + F (0.116)
2 2

−−−−−−− − −−− −
= √F (0.550) + F √0.550
2

⇒ R = 0.74 F

Determination of direction
F
( √2+2− √6)
Ry 2√2
tan θ = =
F
Rx
( √6+ √2−2)
2√2

0.97
= 1.85
≈ 0.524
θ ≈ 27.65
This is the angle which R makes with x-axis.
OR
i. Impulse
ii. Flight of a bird. When a bird flies, it pushes the air with forces F1 and F2 in the downward direction with its wings W1 and
W2. The lines of action of these two forces meet at point O. In accordance with Newton's third law of motion, the air exerts
equal and opposite reactions R1 and R2. According to the parallelogram law, the resultant R of the reactions R1 and R2 acts on
the bird in the upward direction and helps the bird to fly upward.

iii. vR = 10.8 km h-1 = 3 ms-1

Given: cos 37 ∘
=
4

5
∴ tan 37
∘
=
3

tan37o =
vR vR
But vM
or 3
=
4 3ms−1

ms-1
9
or v R =
4
= 2.25

33.

The figure shows the rod AB, the positions of the knife edges K1 and K2, the centre of gravity of the rod at G, and the suspended
load at P.
Note the weight of the rod W acts at its centre of gravity G. The rod is uniform in cross-section and homogeneous; hence G is at
the centre of the rod; AB = 70 cm. AG = 35 cm, AP = 30 cm, PG = 5 cm, AK1 = BK2 = 10 cm and K1G = K2G = 25 cm. Also,
W = weight of the rod = 4.00 kg and W1= suspended load = 6.00 kg;
R1 and R2 are the normal reactions of the support at the knife edges.
For translational equilibrium of the rod,
R1 + R2 - W1 - W = 0 ..... (i)
Note W1 and W act vertically down and R1 and R2 act vertically up.
For considering rotational equilibrium, we take moments of the forces. A convenient point to take moments about is G. The
moments of R2 and W1 are anticlockwise (+ve), whereas the moment of R1 is clockwise (-ve).
For rotational equilibrium,

Page 16 of 18
-R1(K1G) + W1(PG) + R2(K2G) = 0 .... (ii)
It is given that W = 4.00g N and W1 = 6.00g

N, where g = acceleration due to gravity. We take g = 9.8 m/s2.

With numerical values inserted, from (i)
R1 + R2 - 4.00g – 6.00g = 0
or R1 + R2 = 10.00g N ....(iii)
= 98.00 N
From (ii), -0.25 R1 + 0.05 W1 + 0.25 R2 = 0
or R1 - R2 = 1.2g N = 11.76 N ....(iv)
From (iii) and (iv), R1 = 54.88 N,
R2 = 43.12 N
Thus the reactions of the support are about 55 N at K1 and 43 N at K2.
OR
The centre of mass of an object is the point at which the object can be balanced. Mathematically, it is the point at which the
torques from the mass elements of an object sum to zero. The centre of mass is useful because problems can often be simplified
by treating a collection of masses as one mass at their common centre of mass. The weight of the object then acts through this
point.
To solve this problem, first we assume that the whole disc was present whose centre of mass lies at the origin from which a small
disc was cut out. So CM of remaining portion and cut out disc will lie exactly at the origin i.e Centre of Mass of the original disc
at x = 0
Mass per unit area of the original disc = σ
Radius of the original disc = R
Mass of the original disc, M = πR σ 2

The disc with the cut portion is shown in the following figure:

R
Radius of the smaller disc = 2
2
R
Mass of the smaller disc, M ′
= π(
2
) σ =
1

4
2
πR σ =
M

Let O and O' be the respective centers of the original disc and the disc cut off from the original. As per the definition of the centre
of mass, the centre of mass of the original disc is supposed to be concentrated at O, while that of the smaller disc is supposed to be
concentrated at O'.
It is given that:
′ R
OO =
2

After the smaller disc has been cut from the original, the remaining portion is considered to be a system of two masses. The two
masses are:
M (concentrated at O), and
M
(− M
′
=
4
) concentrated at O'
(The negative sign indicates that this portion has been removed from the original disc.)
Let x be the distance through which the centre of mass of the remaining portion shifts from point O.
The relation between the centers of masses of two masses is given as:
m1 r1 + m2 r2
x =
m1 + m2

For the given system

R
M×0−M×( )

(here M' is M/4 )

2
x =
′
M+(− M )

−M R
×
4 2 −MR 4 −R
= = × =
M 8 3M 6
M−
4

Page 17 of 18
Note that shift in Centre of Mass is very less(only 0.16 R or R

6
) as removed portion has very less mass as compared to the
remaining portion.
(The negative sign indicates that the centre of mass gets shifted toward the left of point O and lies at R

6
left towards origin.)

Page 18 of 18
 Class XI Session 2023-24
Subject - Physics
Sample Question Paper - 10

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. If C and R denote capacitance and resistance, the dimensional formula of CR is [1]

a) not expressible in terms of MLT b) [M0L0T-1]

c) [M0L0T1] d) [M0L0T0]

2. An organ pipe, open at both ends produces 5 beats per second when vibrated with a source of frequency 200 Hz. [1]
The second harmonic of the same pipe produces 10 beats per second with a source of frequency 420 Hz. The
frequency of source is

a) 210 Hz b) 190 Hz

c) 205 Hz d) 195 Hz
3. A Merry-go-round, made of a ring-like platform of radius R and mass M, is revolving with angular speed ω. A [1]
person of mass M is standing on it. At one instant, the person jumps off the round, radially away from the centre
of the round (as seen from the round). The speed of the round afterwards is

a) 2ω b) 0

c) ω

2
d) ω

4. The specific gravity of a material is: [1]

a) the ratio of its density to the density of water b) the ratio of its mass to the density of water

c) the ratio of its mass to the mass of water d) the ratio of its volume to the density of

Page 1 of 18
 water
5. The law of areas can be interprted as [1]

a) = b) = (r × p)
ΔA L ΔA 1

Δt m Δt 2

c) = d) = constant
ΔA 2L ΔA

Δt m Δt

6. A standing wave having 3 nodes and 2 antinodes is formed between two atoms having a distance of 1.21 A [1]
between them. The wavelength of the standing wave is:
∘ ∘
a) 1.21 A b) 2.42 A
∘ ∘
c) 3.63 A d) 6.05 A

7. A 100 m long train is moving with a uniform velocity of 45 km/h. The time taken by the train to cross a bridge [1]
of length 1 km is:

a) 78 s b) 68 s

c) 58 s d) 88 s
8. Figure shown here demonstrates a pulse P incident on a rigid wall. Which one of the following figures represents [1]
the reflected pulse correctly?

a) b)

c) d)

9. If the work done in blowing a bubble of volume V is W, then the work done in blowing a soap bubble of volume [1]
2V will be
–
a) √4W b) W
3

–
c) √2W d) 2W

10. Calculate the escape speed from the Earth for a 5000-kg spacecraft. mass of the earth = 6.0 × 1024 kg; radius of [1]

the earth = 6.4 × 106 m; G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg −2

.

a) 1.52 × 104 m/s b) 1.32 × 104 m/s

c) 1.12 × 104 m/s d) 1.72 × 104 m/s

11. A rod has length 3 m and its mass acting per unit length is directly proportional to distance x from one of its end, [1]
then its centre of gravity from that end will be at

a) 1.5 m b) 2.5 m

Page 2 of 18
 c) 2 m d) 3.0 m
12. At a common temperature, a block of wood and a block of metal feel equally cold or hot. The temperatures of [1]
block and wood are

a) greater than temperature of the body b) less than the temperature of the body

c) either less than the temperature of the body d) equal to the temperature of the body
or greater than temperature of the body.
13. Assertion: The work done by a conservative force during a round trip is always zero. [1]
Reason: No force is required to move a body in a round trip.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion (A): First law of thermodynamics is based on energy conservation. [1]
Reason (R): Second law of thermodynamics put limitations on first law.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): Gravitational field intensity is zero both at centre and infinity. [1]
Reason (R): The dimensions of gravitational field intensity is [LT-2].

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): In uniform circular motion of a body, its linear speed remains constant. [1]
Reason (R): Total acceleration of the body has no radial component.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Why is the sound produced in air not heard by a person deep inside the water? [2]

18. Subtract 2.5 × 104 from 3.9 × 105 with due regard to significant figures. [2]
19. State the number of significant figures in the following : [2]

i. 0.007 m2

ii. 2.64 × 1024 kg

iii. 0.2370 g cm-3
iv. 6.320 J
v. 6.032 N m-2

vi. 0.0006032 m2

Page 3 of 18
20. An electric bulb suspended from the roof of a railway train by a flexible wire shifts through an angle of 19°48', [2]
when the train goes horizontally round a curved path of 200 m radius. Find the speed of the train.
21. A mass of 1 g is separated from another mass of 1 g by a distance of 1 cm. How many g-1wt of force exists [2]

between them?
OR
What are the conditions under which a rocket fired from the earth becomes a satellite of the earth and orbits in a
circle?
Section C
22. Two syringes of different cross-sections (without needles) filled with water are connected with a tightly fitted [3]
rubber tube. Diameters of the smaller and larger piston are 1.0 cm and 3.0 cm, respectively.
a. Find the force exerted on the larger piston when a force of 10 N is applied to the smaller piston.
b. If the smaller piston is pushed in through 6.0 cm, how much does the larger piston move out?
23. Two absolute scales A and B have triple points of water defined to be 200 A and 350 B. If TA and TB are the [3]

triple points of water on the two scales, then find out the relation between TA and TB(Given, triple point of water

on Kelvin scale is TK = 273.15 K).

24. Two buses A and B are at positions 50 m and 100 m from the origin at time t = 0. They start moving in the same [3]

direction simultaneously with a uniform velocity of 10 ms-1 and 5 ms-1. Determine the time and position at
which A overtakes B.
25. A mass of 4 kg rests on a horizontal plane. The plane is gradually inclined until at an angle θ = 15° with the [3]
horizontal, the mass just begins to slide. What is the coefficient of static friction between the block and the
surface?

26. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 2 moles of He gas from 200C to 500C using:- [3]

i. Constant Volume Process

ii. Constant Pressure Process
Here for, He gas; CV = 1.5 R and CP = 2.49R
27. If a car having speed 50 km/h can round the curve banked at an angle θ . Find out the value of θ , if radius of the [3]

curve is 40 m and consider the friction is negligible, [tan-1 (0.5) = 26.5]

28. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of which the cross - section is not constant. The pressure is 1cm of [3]
mercury where the velocity is 0.35m/s. Find the pressure at a point where the velocity is 0.65m/s.
OR
A piece of wood of relative density 0.25 floats in a pail containing oil of relative density 0.81. What is the fraction of
the volume of the wood above the surface of the oil?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]

Page 4 of 18
Clockwork refers to the inner workings of mechanical clock or watch (where it is known as "movement") and
different types of toys which work using a series of gears driven by a spring. Clockwork device is completely
mechanical and its essential parts are:
A key (or crown) which you wind to add energy
A spiral spring in which the energy is stored
A set of gears through which the spring's energy is released. The gears control how quickly (or slowly) a
clockwork machine can do things. Such as in mechanical clock/watch the mechanism is the set of hands that
sweep around the dial to tell the time. In a clockwork car toy, the gears drive the wheels.
Winding the clockwork with the key means tightening a sturdy metal spring, called the mainspring. It is the
process of storing potential energy. Clockwork springs are usually twists of thick steel, so tightening them
(forcing the spring to occupy a much smaller space) is actually quite hard work. With each turn of the key,
fingers do work and potential energy is stored in the spring. The amount of energy stored depends on the size
and tension of the spring. Harder a spring is to turn and longer it is wound, the more energy it stores.

While the spring uncoils, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy through gears, cams, cranks and
shafts which allow wheels to move faster or slower. In an ancient clock, gears transform the speed of a rotating
shaft so that it drives the second hand at one speed, the minute hand at 1

60
of that speed, and the hour hand at
1

3600
of that speed. Clockwork toy cars often use gears to make themselves race along at surprising speed.
(i) What is the meaning of movement of old age mechanical clocks?

a) The pendulum of the clock b) The gears which move the hands of the
clock

c) A spring and combination of gears d) The hands of the clock

which move the hands of the clock
(ii) What type of energy is stored in the spring while winding it?

a) Potential b) Heat

c) Both kinetic and potential d) Kinetic

(iii) When the spring of a clockwork uncoils

a) Kinetic energy is converted into b) Potential energy is converted into

potential energy kinetic

c) Potential energy is converted into heat, d) Kinetic energy is converted into heat,
light and sound energy light and sound energy
OR
In clockwork devices, ________ transform the speed of a rotating ________ to drive wheels slower or
faster.

a) Shaft, spring b) shaft, gear

c) Gear, Shaft d) Spring, gear

Page 5 of 18
 (iv) More energy is stored in a spring if the

a) Spring is larger, harder and wound fur a b) Spring is smaller, harder and wound for
longer time a shorter time

c) Spring is larger, harder and wound for a d) Spring is larger, softer and wound for a
shurter time shorter time
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual
gas molecules and the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at
a given temperature.

(i) Moon has no atmosphere because:

a) the escape velocity of the moon’s b) it is far away from the surface of the
surface is more than the r.m.s velocity earth
of all molecules

c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas d) its surface temperature is 10oC
molecules is more than the escape
velocity of the moon’s surface
CP
(ii) For an ideal gas, CV
is

a) ≤ 1 b) none of these

c) > 1 d) < 1
–
(iii) The root means square velocity of hydrogen is √5 times that of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas
then:

a) T(H2) = T(N2) b) T(H2) < T(N2)

c) none of these d) T(H2) > T(N2)

(iv) Suppose the temperature of the gas is tripled and N2 molecules dissociate into an atom. Then what will be

the rms speed of atom:

–
a) none of these b) v0 √6

–
c) v 0 √3 d) v0

OR
The velocities of the molecules are v, 2v, 3v, 4v & 5v. The RMS speed will be:

a) 11 v b) v(12)11

Page 6 of 18
 c) v d) v(11)12

Section E
31. A cylindrical piece of cork of density of base area A and height h floats in a liquid of density ρ . The cork is
l [5]
depressed slightly and then released. Show that the cork oscillates up and down simple harmonically with a
−
−−
hρ
period T = 2π√
ρ g
Where ρ is the density of cork. (Ignore damping due to viscosity of the liquid).
l

OR
A second's pendulum is taken in a carriage. Find the period of oscillation when the carriage moves with an
acceleration of 4 ms-2
i. vertically upwards
ii. vertically downwards, and
iii. in a horizontal direction.
32. A bird is at a point P whose coordinates are (4m ,-1m, 5m). The bird observes two points P1 and P2 having [5]
coordinates (-1 m, 2 m, 0 m) and (1 m, 1 m, 4 m) respectively. At time t = 0, it starts flying in a plane of three

positions, with a constant speed of 5ms-1 in a direction perpendicular to the straight line P1P2 till it sees P1 and
P2 collinear at time t. Calculate t.
OR
A man wants to reach from A to the opposite corner of the square C (as in figure). The sides of the square are 100 m.
A central square of 50m × 50m is filled with sand. Outside this square, he can walk at a speed 1 m/s-1. In the central
square, he can walk only at a speed of vm/s (v<1) What is smallest value of v for which he can reach faster via a
straight path through the sand than any path in the square outside the sand?

33. Three bodies, a ring, a solid cylinder and a solid sphere roll down the same inclined plane without slipping. They [5]
start from rest. The radii of the bodies are identical. Which of the bodies reaches the ground with maximum
velocity?
OR
A uniform square plate S (side c) and a uniform rectangular plate R (sides b, a) have identical areas and masses
(Figure).

Show that
Ix R
i. Ix s
< 1

IyR
ii. Iys
> 1

IzR
iii. > 1
Izs

Page 7 of 18
 Solution

Section A
1.
(c) [M0L0T1]
q V q
Explanation: [C R] = V
⋅
I
=
I

= [M0L0T1]
[IT]
= [I]

2.
(c) 205 Hz
Explanation: Fundamental frequency of open pipe,
f = 200 ± 5 = 195 Hz or 205 Hz
Second harmonic of open pipe, 2f = 420 ± 10 = 410 Hz or 430 Hz
or f = 205 Hz or 215 Hz.
The common frequency is 205 Hz
3.
(d) ω
Explanation:
As no torque is exerted by the person jumping, radially away from the centre of the round (as seen from the round), let the total
moment of inertia of the system is 21 (round + Person (because the total mass
is 2 M) and the round is revolving with angular speed wsince the angular momentum of the person when it jumps off the round
is 1 ω the actual momentum of round seen from ground is 2|ω -| ω = |ω
So we conclude that the angular speed remains same, i.e ω

4. (a) the ratio of its density to the density of water

Explanation: The specific gravity of an object is the ratio between the density of an object to a reference liquid. Usually, this
reference liquid is water, which has a density of 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm3.
Water has a specific gravity equal to 1. Materials with a specific gravity less than 1 are less dense than water, and will float on
the pure liquid; substances with a specific gravity more than 1 are denser than water and will sink.
5.
(d) ΔA

Δt
= constant
Explanation: ΔA
= constant
Δt

6. (a) 1.21 A
∘

Explanation: The given situation can be shown as Given the distance between the two atoms = 1.21 A
∘

so, the wavelength of the standing wave is λ

2
+
λ

2
= λ = 1.21A
7.
(d) 88 s

Page 8 of 18
 Explanation: Total distance = Length of train + Length of bridge
= (100 + 1000)m = 1100 m
Speed = 45 km/h = 45 × m/s = m/s 18
5 25

Time taken = Total distance

Speed

= 1100

25
s = 88 s
2

8.
(c)

Explanation:

–
9. (a) √4W
3

Explanation:
Work done to blow a bubble will be equal to its surface energy
W = S = surface area × surface tension S = A × T
Given that work done to blow a bubble of volume V is W.
W = S = surface area × surface tension, S = A × T for volume V
S = 4π r2 × T
1

S ∝ r2 but radius r ∝ Volume(v) 3

thus S ∝ (V ) 3

⇒ W ∝ V 3

⇒ thus if the volume is doubled

2 1

the W2 becomes (2) 3 ⇒ (4) 3 W1

–
thus W
3

2 = √4W1

10.
(c) 1.12 × 104 m/s
−−−−
2GM
Explanation: We know, Vesc = √ R

Here G = 6.67 × 10-11Nm2kg-2

M = 6 × 1024 kg
R = 6.4 × 106 m
−−−−
2GM
⇒ Vesc = √
R
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−11 24
2×6.67× 10 ×6× 10
= √
6
6.4×10

−−−−−−−−
7
12×6.67×10
= √
6.4

= 1.12 × 104 m/sec

11.
(c) 2 m
Explanation:

Page 9 of 18
 Suppose the rod is placed along .x-axis. Consider a small element of thickness dx at distance x from its left end.
As the mass acting per unit length is directly proportional to distance x from one end, mass of the small element is dm = kx dx

The position of CM of the rod will be

3
∫ xdm
0
xCM =
3
∫ dm
0
3 2
∫ kx dx
0
=
3
∫ kxdx
0
3
3
x
[ ]
3

=
0

3
=
27

3
×
2

9
= 2m
2
x
[ ]
2
0

12.
(d) equal to the temperature of the body
Explanation: The temperatures of the block and wood are equal to the temperature of the body as both feel equally hot or cold.
13.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
14.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Gravitational field intensity at a point distance r from centre of earth is E = GM

2
. When r = ∞ , E = 0
r

When point is inside the earth, then

G 4πGpr
E= 2
×
4

3
3
πr ρ =
3
r

when r = 0, E = 0
16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
Section B
17. Because speed of sound in water is roughly four times the sound in air, hence refractive index
sin i Va 1
u = = = = 0.25
sin r Vw 4

For, refraction rmax = 90o, imax = 14o. Since imax ≠ rmax hence, sounds get reflected in air only and person deep inside the water
cannot hear the sound.
18. We have 3.9 × 105 − 2.5 × 104
= 3.9 × 105 − 0.25 × 105
= 3.65 × 105
But our answer should be rounded off up to two significant digits.
So, the answer will be 3.6 × 105
19. i. 1. If the number is less than one, then all zeros on the right of the decimal point are insignificant. This means that here, two
zeros after the decimal are not significant. Hence, only 7 is a significant figure in this quantity.
ii. 3. For the determination of significant values, we do not consider the power of 10 (Number is not less than 1). The digits 2, 6,
and 4 are significant figures. Hence, It has 3 significant digits.
iii. 4. Explanation: Significant figure- 2, 3, 7, 0. Trailing 0’s is significant. These 0’s increase the accuracy of the answer.
iv. 4. From the condition of a significant figure, the zero after the decimal point comes after a non-zero number so it significant
figure. The number of significant figures is 4.
v. 4. Explanation: Significant figure- 6, 0, 3, 2. 0’s between 2 non-zero digits are significant.

Page 10 of 18
 vi. 4. Explanation: Significant figure- 6, 0, 3, 2. Since the number is less than 1.
20. Various forces acting on the bulb are shown in figure. Resolving the forces along the length and perpendicular to the wire, we get
2
mv
mg sin θ = ⋅ cos θ
r

or tan θ = v

rg
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
or v = √rg tan θ = √200 × 9.8 × tan 19 ∘
48
′

−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−
= √200 × 9.8 × 0.3600 = √705.6

= 26.56 ms-1
m1 m2
21. F = G
2
r

= (6.67 × 10
−8
) (
1×1

2
) dyne
1
−8

= 6.67 × 10
−8
dyne = 6.67×10

980

−11 −1
= 7 × 10 g wt

OR
i. First the rocket should be given a sufficient vertical velocity so that it reaches a height at which it is supposed to revolve
around the earth.
−−−−
ii. At this height, the rocket must be given a horizontal orbital velocity given by v0 = √ GM

R+ h

iii. The air resistance should be negligible at the height of its orbit.
Section C
2 2
D1 D2
22. a. Here, A 1 = π(
2
) ,A 2 = π (
2
)

2
2
A1 = π (
3

2
× 10
−2
) m
2
,A 2 = π(
1

2
−2
× 10 ) m
2
, F1=10N
2
3 −2
π( × 10 )
A2
F1 = ,hence the force exerted by large piston is 90N
2
∴ F2 = × 10 ⇒ F2 = 90N
A1 2
1 −2
π( × 10 )
2

b. Volume covered by the movement of smaller piston inwards is equal to volume moved outwards due to the larger piston,
∵ Water is incompressible

∴ L1 A1 = L2 A2
2
1 −2
π( × 10 )
A1 2 −2
L2 = L1 = ×6 × 10
A2 2
3 −2
π( × 10 )
2

−2
L2 = 0.67 × 10 m = 0.67cm

Atmospheric pressure is common to both pistons and has been ignored.

23. Triple point of water on absolute scale A, T1 = 200 A
Triple point of water on absolute scale B, T2 = 350 B
Triple point of water on Kelvin scale, TK = 273.15 K
The temperature 273.15 K on Kelvin scale, TK is equivalent to 200 A on absolute scale A, T1.
i.e. T1 = TK
⇒ 200 A = 273.15 K
273.15
∴ A=
200

The temperature 273.15 K on Kelvin scale, TK is equivalent to 350 B on absolute scale B, T2.
i.e. T2 = TK
⇒ 350 B = 273.15
273.15
∴ B=
350

Page 11 of 18
 Now as TA is triple point of water on scale A and
TB is triple point of water on scale B.
A × TA = B × TB
273.15 273.15
⇒ × TA = × TB
200 350
200
∴ TA = TB
350
4TB
⇒ TA =
7
, this is the required relation between the triple points on the mentioned two scales of temperature.
24. Here we use the equation of motion for constant velocity in Cartesian form.
Given x1 (0) = 50 m, x2 (0) = 100 m,

v1 = 10 ms-1, u2 = 5ms-1
The positions of the two buses at any instant t are
x1 (t) = x1 (0) + v1t = 50 + 10t
x2 (t) = x2 (0) + v2t = 100 + 5t
When A overtakes B,
x1 (t) = x2 (t)
50 + 10t = 100 + 5t
or 5t = 50
t = 10 s
x1 (10) = x2 (10) = 150 m
Thus A overtakes B at a position of 150 m from the origin at time t = 10 s
25. The forces acting on a block of mass m at rest on an inclined plane are
i. the weight mg acting vertically downwards
ii. the normal force N of the plane on the block, and
iii. the static frictional force fs opposing the impending motion.
In equilibrium, the resultant of these forces must be zero. Resolving the weight mg along the two directions shown, we have
mg sin θ = fs, mg cos θ = N
As θ increases, the self-adjusting frictional force fs increases until at θ = θ max
′ fs achieves its maximum value,
(fs ) = μs N
max

Therefore,
−1
tan θmax = μs or θmax = tan μs

When θ becomes just a little more than θ , there is a small net force on the block and it begins to slide.
max

Note that θ depends only on μ and is independent of the mass of the block.
max s

For θ = 15
max
∘

∘
μs = tan 15

= 0.27
26. i. Specific heat formula for constant volume process: Q1 = nCVΔT

Here, n = no. of moles = 2 , CV = specific heat at constant volume =1.5 R = 1.5 × 8.314 J / mol / 0C final Temperature of gas

= T2 Initial temperature of gas = T1 increase in temperature =ΔT = T2 - T1 = 50 - 20 = 30 0C

Q1 = 2 × 1.5 × 8.314 × 30 = 748 Joule
ii. constant - Pressure case :-
Q2 = nCPΔT
n = 2 moles, CP = 2.49 R = 2.49 × 8.314

increase in temperature = ΔT = 300 C

Q2 = 2 × 2.49 × 8.314 × 30

Q2 = 1242J
Q2 is more than Q1 to increase the temperature of gas by same amount because In constant - pressure Process excess heat is
supplied for the expansion of gas.
27. Write the given quantity and the quantity to be known.
v = 50 km/h = 50 × m/s = 13.88 m/s
5

18

Page 12 of 18
 r = 40 m, θ = ?
Draw the FBD of the car.
Now, apply ΣF = may to the car g
mg
R cos θ - mg = 0 ⇒ cosθ

Similarly, apply ΣF = max to the car x

R sin θ = mv

Put the value of R and then slove for θ

mg 2

cosθ
⋅ sinθ = mv

r
2 2

⇒ tan θ = v

rg
; θ = tan −1
(
v

rg
)

Put the all given values ot get θ

2

= tan-1(0.4917)
(13.88)
θ = tan −1
[
40×9.8
]

θ = 26.18o
28. At one point, P1 = 1 cm of Hg
= 0.01m of Hg
= 0.01 × (13.6 × 103) × 9.8 Pa
Velocity, V1 = 0.35m|s
At another point, P2 = ?
V2 = 0.65m|s

Density of water, s = 103 Kg | m3

According to Bernoulli’s theorem,
1 2 1 2
P1 + sV = P2 + sV
2 1 2 2

1 2 2
P2 = P1 − s (V − V )
2 2 1

3 1 3 2 2
= 0.01 × 13.6 × 10 × 9.8 − × 10 ((0.65) − (0.35) )
2

1 1 3
= 13.6 × 10 × 9.8 − × 10 (0.4225 − 0.1225)
2
1 3
= 1332.8 − × 10 × (0.3)
2

= 1332.8 - 0.15 × 103

= 1332.8 - 150
= 1182.8 Pa or 1182.8

3
m of Hg
9.8×13.6×10

P2 = 0.00887 m 0f Hg
OR
Density of wood, ρ = 0.25 × 103 kgm-3
Density of oil, ρ = 0.81 × 103 kg m-3 ′

According to the law of floatation,

Weight of the piece of wood = Weight of liquid displaced
or V ρg = V ′
ρ g
′

′ 3
ρ
or V

V
=
ρ′
=
0.25×10

3
= 0.31
0.81×10

i.e. fraction of volume of the wood submerged under the oil = 0.31
∴ Fraction of volume of the wood above the surface of the oil = 1 - 0.31 = 0.69

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Page 13 of 18
 Clockwork refers to the inner workings of mechanical clock or watch (where it is known as "movement") and different types of
toys which work using a series of gears driven by a spring. Clockwork device is completely mechanical and its essential parts are:
A key (or crown) which you wind to add energy
A spiral spring in which the energy is stored
A set of gears through which the spring's energy is released. The gears control how quickly (or slowly) a clockwork
machine can do things. Such as in mechanical clock/watch the mechanism is the set of hands that sweep around the dial to
tell the time. In a clockwork car toy, the gears drive the wheels.
Winding the clockwork with the key means tightening a sturdy metal spring, called the mainspring. It is the process of storing
potential energy. Clockwork springs are usually twists of thick steel, so tightening them (forcing the spring to occupy a much
smaller space) is actually quite hard work. With each turn of the key, fingers do work and potential energy is stored in the spring.
The amount of energy stored depends on the size and tension of the spring. Harder a spring is to turn and longer it is wound, the
more energy it stores.

While the spring uncoils, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy through gears, cams, cranks and shafts which allow
wheels to move faster or slower. In an ancient clock, gears transform the speed of a rotating shaft so that it drives the second hand
1 1
at one speed, the minute hand at 60
of that speed, and the hour hand at 3600
of that speed. Clockwork toy cars often use gears to
make themselves race along at surprising speed.
(i) (c) A spring and combination of gears which move the hands of the clock
Explanation: Movement refers to the inner workings of mechanical clock using a series of gears driven by a spring.
(ii) (a) Potential
Explanation: Winding the spring means tightening a sturdy metal spring. It is the process of storing potential energy
(forcing the spring to occupy a much smaller space) is actually quite hard work. With each turn of the key, fingers do
work and potential energy is stored in the spring.
(iii) (b) Potential energy is converted into kinetic
Explanation: When the spring uncoils, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy through gears, cams,
cranks and shafts which allow wheels to move faster or slower.
OR
(c) Gear, Shaft
Explanation: In an ancient clock, gears transform the speed of a rotating shaft so that it drives the second hand at one
1 1
speed, the minute hand at 60
of that speed, and the hour hand at 3600
of that speed. Clockwork toy cars often use
gears to make themselves race along at surprising speed.
(iv) (a) Spring is larger, harder and wound fur a longer time
Explanation: With each turn of the key, fingers do work and potential energy is stored in the spring. The amount of
energy stored depends on the size and tension of the spring. Harder a spring is to turn and longer it is wound, the
more energy it stores.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual gas molecules and
the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at a given temperature.

Page 14 of 18
 (i) (c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface
Explanation: The r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface.
(ii) (c) > 1
Explanation: > 1
(iii) (b) T(H2) < T(N2)
Explanation: T(H2) < T(N2)
–
(iv) (b) v √6
0

–
Explanation: v 0 √6

OR

(d) v(11)12
Explanation: v(11)12
Section E
31. This numerical can be solved using concept of Simple Harmonic Motion of floating object in which an object is dipped into the
liquid and released by pushing it down,due to increased buoyant force it will move upward due to which excess force will push it
downward.This repeated up and down movement of the object is governed by the laws of Simple Harmonic Motion assuming
viscous forces are absent.
so area of the cork = A
Height of the cork = h
Density of the liquid = ρ l

Density of the cork = ω

In equilibrium:
Weight of the cork = Weight of the liquid displaced by the floating cork
Let the cork be depressed slightly by x. As a result, some extra water of a certain volume is displaced. Hence, an extra up-thrust
acts upward and provides the restoring force to the cork.
Up-thrust = Restoring force, F = Weight of the extra water displaced
F = –(Volume × Density × g)
Volume = Area × Distance through which the cork is depressed
Volume = Ax
∴ F = −A × ρl g

According to the force law:

F = kx
F
k =
x

Where, k is a constant
= −Aρ g ...(ii)
F
k = l
x

The time period of the oscillations of the cork:

−−
m
T = 2π√
k
....(iii)
Where,
m = Mass of the cork
= Volume of the cork × Density
= Base area of the cork × Height of the cork × Density of the cork
= Ahρ

Page 15 of 18
 Hence, the expression for the time period will be -
−−−
− −
−−
Ahρ hρ
T = 2π√ = 2π√
Aρl g ρ g
l

From the above expression it is proved that time period of the fork does not depend on the mass of the object rather depends on
specific gravity of the cork and height of the cork and acceleration due to gravity.
OR
Time period of a pendulum,
−
−
T = 2π√ l

For second's pendulum, T = 2s

−
− −
−
l l
∴ 2 = 2π√ g
or 1 = π√ g

g
or 1 = π 2 l

g
∴ l= =
9.8

π2 π2

i. When the carriage moves up with an acceleration a = 4 ms-2, the time period is
−−− −−−−−−−

T1 = 2π√ g+a
l
= 2π√ 2
9.8

π (9.8+4)

−−−
= 2π

π
√
9.8

13.8
= 2 × 0.843 = 1.69 s

ii. When the carriage moves down with an acceleration a = 4 ms-2, the time period is
−−− −−−−−−−
9.8
T2 = 2π√ g−a
l
= 2π√ 2
π (9.8−4)

−
−−
= 2√ 9.8

5.8
= 2 × 1.299 = 2.59 s
iii. When the carriage moves horizontally, both g and a are at a right angle to each other, hence the net acceleration is
−−−−−−−−− −
−− −−−−
a' = √g 2 2 2
+ a = √(9.8) + (4)
4

= √96.04 + 16 = √112.04 = 10.58 ms-2

−−−−−−−− −−−−−

The time period will be

−
− −−−−−−
T3 = 2π√ l

′
= 2π√
2
9.8

a π ×10.58

= 2 × 0.96 = 1.92 s
32. The situation is shown in figure. The bird flies in a direction perpendicular to line P1 P2. Suppose it reaches the point Q in time t
(after starting from point P) where it sees P1 and P2 as collinear.

−
−→
Let P P 1
⃗
= A,
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
P 1 P 2 = B, ∠P P1 P2 = θ and PQ = d
⃗ ⃗
As ⃗ ⃗
|A × B| = |A||B| sin θ
⃗ ⃗
| A × B|
∴ sin θ =
⃗ ⃗
| A || B|

Now A = (−1 − 4)^i + (2 + 1)^j + (0 − 5)k

⃗ ^

But A⃗ = (−1 − 4)^i + (2 + 1)^j + (0 − 5)k

^

^ ^ ^
= −5 i + 3 j − 5k

and B⃗ = (1 + 1)^i + (1 − 2)^j + (4 − 0)k

^

^ ^ ^
= 2 i − j + 4k

∣ ^ ^ ^
i j k∣
∣ ∣
⃗⃗
∴ A × B = ∣ −5 3 −5 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ 2 −1 4∣

^ ^ ^
= (12 − 5) i + (−10 + 20) j + k(5 − 6)

^ ^ ^
= 7 i + 10 j − k
−− −−−−−−−−−
⃗ ⃗ 2 2 2 2
∴ |A × B| = √7 + 10 + 1 = 12.25 m
−− −−−−−−−−
and |B⃗ | = √2 2 2
+ 1 + 4
2
= 4.583 m

Page 16 of 18
 ∴ d =
12.25

4.583
= 2.67 m
Time taken by bird to reach the point Q will be
t = =
d

v
= 0.5346 s
2.67

OR
−−− −−−−− –
Let us first calculate the lengths of PQ and AC , 2 2
P Q = √50 + 50 = 50√2
−−−−−−−−− –
2 2
AC = √100 + 100 = 100√2

Time(T1) taken through path A → P → Q → C

(AP +QC) PQ
T1 = +
1m/s v

AC−P Q PQ – – 50√2
T1 = + = 100√2 − 50√2 +
1 ν v

– 50√2 – 1
T1 = 50√2 + = 50√2(1 + )
2 v

(AR+RC)
Time taken along the path A → R → C = 1
= 2AR = T2 ,
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get
100√2 50√2
AR
2
= AO
2
+ OR
2
= (
2
2
) + (
2
)
2
= 5000 + 1250 = 6250
−−−− −−
AR = √6250 = 25√10 s
−− −−
T2 = 2 × 25√10 s = 50√10 s

For Tsand < Toutside, we have

– 1 −−
50√2[1 + ] < 50√10
v
1 –
[1 + ] < √5
v
1 –
< √5 − 1
v
1 3.3
v < = = 0.83m/s
( √5−1) 4

v < 0.82 m / s
33. We assume conservation of energy of the rolling body, i.e. there is no loss of energy due to friction etc. The potential energy lost
by the body in rolling down the inclined plane (= mgh) must, therefore, be equal to kinetic energy gained. (See Fig.) Since the
bodies start from rest the kinetic energy gained is equal to the final kinetic energy of the bodies. From eq.
2

K =
1

2
mvcm (1 +
2 k

2
) , where v is the final velocity of (the centre of mass of) the body.
R

Equating K and mgh,

2
1 2 k
mgh = mv (1 + )
2 2
R

2gh
or v 2
= (
2 2
)
1+ k /R

Note is independent of the mass of the rolling body;

For a ring, k2 = R2
−−−
2gh
vring = √
1+1
,
−−
= √gh
2

For a solid cylinder k 2

=
R

2
−−−−−
2gh
vdisc = √
1+1/2

−−−
−
10gh
= √
7

Among the given three bodies, the solid sphere has the greatest and the ring has the least velocity at the bottom of the inclined
plane.
OR
Moment of inertia, in physics, quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of a body- i.e., the opposition that the body exhibits to
having its speed of rotation about an axis altered by the application of a torque (turning force). The axis may be internal or

Page 17 of 18
external and may or may not be fixed. The moment of inertia (I), however, is always specified with respect to that axis and is
defined as the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the mass of each particle of matter in a given body by the square of its
distance from the axis. The unit of moment of inertia is a composite unit of measure. In the International System (SI), m is
expressed in kilograms and r in metres, with I (moment of inertia) having the dimension kilogram-metre square.
mR = mS = m

Area of square = Area of rectangle

c = ab …(i)
2

a. ∵ I = mr 2

2
b
m⋅( ) 2 2
Ix R 2 b 4 b
= = =
Ix z c 2 4 c2 c2
m( )
2

∵ c > b [from (i)]

Or c 2
> b
2

2 Ix R
b
1 > : < 1
2
c Ix s

Hence proved.
2
a
IyR m( ) 2 2

b.
2 a 4 a
= = ⋅ =
Iys 2 4 2 2
c c c
m( )
2
2
a
∵ a> c ⇒ > 1
2
c
IyR
> 1
Iys

2 2
dR
c. I zR − Lzs = m(
2
) − m(
ds

2
)

m 2 2 m 2 2 2
IzR − IzS = [d − d ] = [a + b − 2c ]
4 R S 4
m 2 2 m 2
∴ IzR − IzS = (a + b − 2ab) = (a − b) (c2 = ab)
4 4
m 2
∴ IzR − IzS > 0 ∵ (a − b) > 0
4
Iz R
⇒
I
> 1 Hence proved.
zS

Page 18 of 18
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 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, AGRA REGION

CLASS XI

Sample Paper For Session Ending Examination- 2020-21

SUBJECT: PHYSICS (THEORY)

MAXIMUM MARKS: 70 TIME ALLOWED: 3 HR

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of one mark
each and Section B has two case study-based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each and
Section E contains three long answer five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.

SECTION – A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them

1. Write the unit and dimension of coefficient of viscosity. 1

2. Is it possible that the body has zero velocity but still it is an accelerated motion? 1

OR

A body is travelling with a speed of – 20 meter per second. is it speed or velocity? Why?

3. Give an example of a motion in which speed is constant but velocity is changing. 1

4. Which Physical quantity has same unit and dimension as that of impulse? 1

OR

Why friction is self-adjusting force?

 5. A car of mass 1000 kg is moving with a constant velocity of 100 m/ sec what is the net force acting on it?
velocity is constant then acceleration will be equal to zero 1
therefore F = m×a = 1000× 0 = 0
6. Is it possible that Centre of mass lie where there is no mass? Give one example. 1
yes it is possible for example a golden ring or a disc will have its centre of mass in an empty
7. Which
spaceis because
more elastic
theglass
ringorwill
rubber?
haveWhy? 1
only mass and its circumference but the centre of mass will
lie in its centre OR

What would be the numerical value of Youngs modulus for an ideal elastic body?
the value of Young's modulus will be between 0 to 1
8. A gas is expanded first isothermally and then adiabatically. In which case the work done will be greater?
the gas is expanding isothermally will have a greater work done
1
because it will have the area
OR
under the curve more
Why adiabatic curve is steeper than isothermal curve?
the magnitude of adiabatic curve is larger than the isothermal so also it have big angle than isothermal
if9.the
What happens to
temperature is RMS velocity
increased thenofthe
ideal gas molecules
molecules if temperature
will collide faster and is increased
if the volumetwice?
is at constant then 1
they will collide very very faster increasing the pressure
10. Write down two necessary conditions for the propagation of mechanical wave. 1
elasticity and inertia
For question 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given one labeled assertion A and the other labeled
reason R. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes a ,b,c and d as given below.

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b) both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false

11. Assertion: Newton's second law of motion given the measurement force

Reason: According to Newton's second law of motion force is directly proportional to rate of change of
momentum. 1

12. Assertion: light body and heavy body have same momentum then they also have same kinetic energy
kinetic energy depends on the mass of the body option C
Reason: kinetic energy does not depend on the mass of the body 1

13. Assertion: Even when orbit of a satellite is elliptical its plane of rotation passes through the centre of earth.
As no torque is acting on the planet, its angular momentum must remain
Reason: According to law of conservation of angular momentum plane of rotation of satellite always remain
constant in magnitude as well as direction. Therefore, plane of rotation must
same.pass through the centre of earth 1

14. Assertion: If a gas contained in a motion is suddenly stopped the temperature of the gas rises
The motion of the container is known as the ordered motion of the gas and zig-zag
motion of gas molecules within the container is called disordered motion. When the
container suddenly stops, ordered kinetic energy gets converted into disordered kinetic
energy which increases the temperature of the gas.
Reason: The kinetic energy of ordered mechanical motion is converted into kinetic energy of the random
motion of gas molecules. 1

SECTION B

Questions 15 and 16 are case study-based questions and are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts from
each question. Each question carries 1 mark.

15. From numerous observations it has been well established that for every system of particles or rigid body
there is a particular point whose motion represents the motion of the system of the rigid body this point is
called centre of mass m. Centre of mass is that imaginary point where entire mass of a body can be assumed
to be concentrated. For symmetrical and regular bodies it normally lies at the geometrical centre. For
asymmetrical bodies it can be anywhere.

1. Centre of mass can lie at a point where there is no mass

a) True b) false c) none of these d) cannot be said anything

2. The centre of mass for two particle system one heavier than the other will lie

a). towards heavier body b) towards lighter body c) at the midpoint between them d) none of these

3. Centre of mass depends on

a) Choice of origin b) independent of origin c) both options are correct d none of these

4. Centre of mass solid sphere is at

a) Outside the sphere b) inside the sphere at any point c) at the centre of the sphere d) none of these

5. Centre of mass can lie

a) Outside as well as well inside b) only outside the body c) only inside the body d) none of these

16. System consisting of an ideal gas equation of state is PV = NRT for a given amount of gas we can describe
the state of the system from the knowledge of any two or three variables PV an Ti indicator diagram of a
system is the graphical representation of the state of the system with the help of variables adjoining figure
shows a PV indicator diagram depending on the actual thermodynamic process in a diagram me have any
shape PV indicator diagram of a process can be used to calculate the amount of work done during the process
the area and the PV indicator diagram gives the amount of work done if area under PV diagram.

1. Work done in PV diagram for clockwise direction will be

a) Positive b) negative c) can be positive or negative d) can be said anything

2. First law of thermodynamics expression is

a) Q= U +W b) U = Q + W c) W = U +Q d) None of these

3. Area calculated under the PV diagram will give us

a) Work b) internal energy c ) heat supplied d) none of these

4. The limitation of first law of thermodynamics has been removed in

the second law of thermodynamics tells us about the flow of direction
of heatlaw
a) zeroth andofalso whether the reaction
thermodynamics is feasible
b) second lawor
ofnot
thermodynamics

c) Third law of thermodynamics d) none of these

5. If the temperature of the ideal gas decreases then its internal energy will
ΔT decreases but nmoles inside systems increase which compensate
more than decrease
a) Decreases in T andc)
b) increases hence U of system
no change increases.
d) none of these

SECTION C

All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them

All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choice, attempt anyone.

17. Using dimensional analysis derive a formula in which the time period of a spring depends on mass of the
body and spring constant of the spring. 2

18. A body is vertically thrown upwards after sometime it returns to the ground draw the graph between
displacement vs time and velocity versus time for the projected body. 2

OR

A body changes its speed from 20 m/sec to 30 m/sec in two seconds. Find the distance travelled in two seconds.

19. A body of mass 10 kg is at rest after sometimes it explodes into two pieces if the speed of one part of mass
2.5 kg is 20 m/sec what is the speed of other part? 2

OR

State the law of conservation of linear momentum. What is the necessary condition to conserve it?
20. State law of conservation of angular momentum what will happen to time period of the Earth rotation if
its radius decreases keeping the mass constant. 2

21. A body is thrown vertically upwards in such a way that is its speed is twice the escape velocity find its
speed in the space. 2

22. A rain drop of radius R splits 64 smaller drops of equal size? Find the change in its surface energy?
2

23. Write two limitations of first law of Thermodynamics. 2

24. A body is oscillating with amplitude of A. Find the position in terms of amplitude where the kinetic energy
and potential energy are equal. 2

OR

Derive the expression for potential energy and kinetic energy for SHM.

25. There are two organ pipes one closed and one open of different length. The closed organ pipe has a
fundamental frequency of 300 Hz what should be length of open organ pipe will produce same fundamental
open organ pipe to produce same fundamental frequency? 2

SECTION D

All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them

26. Find the percentage error in the combination of resistances when they are connected in the parallel
combination R1 = (20 +- 0.5) Ohm and R 2 = (10 +- 0.5) Ohm
3

27. Why friction is necessary evil for us? Draw the graph between frictional force and applied force. Give one
method to increase friction. 3

OR

State four laws of kinetic friction? Why sliding friction is less than static friction?

28. State work energy theorem a truck and a car are moving with same kinetic energy brakes are applied to
stop both of them with equal amount which vehicle will stop earlier before it actually stops and why ?
3

OR
 Derive the relation between kinetic energy and linear momentum. If momentum of a body increases by 50%
keeping its mass constant then by how much percentage kinetic energy will increase?

29. What is the principle of launching a satellite derive an expression for orbital velocity and time period of a
satellite 3

30. Derive an expression for pressure exerted by an ideal gas 3

SECTION E

All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt any one of them

31. What do you mean by an angular projectile? Give one example from daily life and Derive with the expression
for the range, height and time of flight with the help of labeled diagram? 5

OR

Derive three equation of motion using graphical method. Which physical quantity is obtained?

1. Slope of velocity time graph 2. Area under the velocity time graph.

32. Write Bernoulli’s principle what are the limitations of Bernoulli principle with the help of labeled diagram
derive its formula mathematical give two examples for applications where Bernoulli principle is applied in
daily life. 5

OR

Define terminal velocity for a spherical body and derive its formula. Raindrop of radius r has a terminal
velocity of v if it splits into 1000 drops of equal size find the velocity of the smaller drop.

33. What are the two main differences between standing wave and progressive wave? Derive an expression
for a standing wave using analytical treatment of superposition of waves. 5

OR

How are beats formed? Draw the diagram how they are formed? Using analytical treatment derive the
conditions for intensity of sound when it will be maximum and minimum.

…………………..……………….END OF THE PAPER………………………………………………….

 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
KOLKATA REGION
SESSION ENDING EXAM 2022 (TERM-2)
CLASS- XI
SUB- PHYSICS

MM : 35 TIME : 2 Hours
General Instructions:
(i) There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
(iii) Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight
questions of three marks each; Section C contains one case study-based question of
five marks.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question of two marks and two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only
one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION A

1. Derive the expression for excess pressure inside a liquid drop. 2

2
2. The opposite faces of a cubical block of iron of cross-section 4 cm are kept in contact
with steam and melting ice. Calculate the amount of ice melted at the end of 10 minutes if
K = 0.2 cal cm-1 s-1 °C-1 for iron. Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal g-1. 2
OR
A circular hole of a radius of 1 cm is drilled in a brass sheet kept at 293K. What will be
the diameter of the hole when the sheet is heated to 393K? α for brass =18 × 10 -6 K-1.
3. The temperature of the gas in Kelvin is made 9 times. How does it affect the total K.E.,
average K.E., r.m.s velocity and pressure? 2

SECTION B

4. Two exactly similar wires of steel and copper are stretched by equal forces. If the total
elongation is 1 cm, find by how much each wire is elongated. Given Y for steel = 20 ×
1011 dyne cm-2, Y for copper = 12 × 1011 dyne cm-2. 3
OR
If K be the bulk modulus of a metal and a pressure P is applied uniformly on all its sides.
If ρ be the density of metal, then find the fractional increase in its density.
5. Answer the following: 1+1+1
(a) The triple-point of water is a standard fixed point in modern thermometry. Why? What
is wrong in taking the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water as standard
fixed points (as was originally done in the Celsius scale)?
 (b) There were two fixed points in the original Celsius scale as mentioned above which
were assigned the number 0 °C and 100 °C respectively. On the absolute scale, one
of the fixed points is the triple-point of water, which on the Kelvin absolute scale is
assigned the number 273.16 K. What is the other fixed point on this (Kelvin) Scale?
(c) The absolute temperature (Kelvin scale) T is related to the temperature t c on the
Celsius scale tc = T – 273.15

6. Derive the expression for the work done during: 3

(a) Isothermal process
(b) Adiabatic process
7. A 50g lead bullet (specific heat 0.02) is initially at 30°C. It is fired vertically upward with a
speed of 840 ms-1. On returning to the starting level, it strikes a cake of ice at 0°C. How
much ice is melted? Assume that all energy is spent in melting only. Latent heat of ice =
80 cal g-1. 3
8. Show that for a particle in linear SHM the average kinetic energy over a period of
oscillation equals the average potential energy over the same period. 3
9. A harmonic oscillation is represented by y = 0.34 cos (3000 t + 0.74) where y and t are in
cm and s respectively. Deduce 3
(i) amplitude,
(ii) frequency and angular frequency,
(iii) time period,
(iv) initial phase.
10. Derive expressions for apparent frequency when 3
(i) source is moving towards an observer at rest.
(ii) the observer is moving towards the source at rest.
(iii) both source and observer are in motion towards each other.
11. Explain why (or how): 3
a) in a sound wave, a displacement node is a pressure antinode and vice versa.
(b) Bats can ascertain distances, directions, nature and sizes of the obstacles without any
“eyes”.
(c) A violin note and sitar note may have the same frequency, yet we can distinguish
between the two notes.
OR
What are the characteristics of wave motion?
Distinguish between stationary and progressive waves
SECTION C

12. Bernoulli’s Principle:

It states that sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy and potential
energy per unit volume of an incompressible, non-viscous fluid in a
streamlined, irrotational flow remains constant along a streamline.
 m = volume x density
m = area of cross-section x length x density
At area of cross section A1 = a1 v1 ∆t ρ = a1 v1 ∆t ρ

At area of cross section A2 = a2 v2 ∆t ρ = a2 v2 ∆t ρ

a1 v1 = a2 v2 …… (i)
change in K.E. of fluid = K.E. at B – K.E. at A
= ½ m (v22 - v12)
= ½ a1 v1 ∆t ρ (v22 - v12)
change in P.E. of fluid = mg (h2- h1)
= P.E. at B – P.E. at A
= a1 v1 ∆t ρ g (h2- h1)
Net work done (F.S) on the fluid
= work done on fluid at A – Work done on fluid at B
= P1 a1 x v1 ∆t – P2 a2 x v2 ∆t

= a1 v1 ∆t (P1– P2 )
According to law of conservation of energy
Net work done on fluid = Change in KE + change in PE
a1 v1∆t (P1–P2 ) = ½ a1v1∆t ρ(v22 - v12) + a1v1∆t ρ g(h2-h1)

Dividing both side by a1 v1 ∆t, we get

(P1–P2 ) = ½ ρ(v22 - v12) + ρ g (h2-h1)
P1 + ½ ρv12 + ρ g h1 = P2 + ½ ρv22 + ρ g h2
P + ½ ρv2 + ρ g h = constant

(i) Bernoulli’ s equation is applied to 1

(a) venturi mrter
(b) Orifice meter
(c) Lifting of aeroplane
(d) All of the above

(ii) Bernoulli’ s principle is based on conservation of 1

(a) Mass
(b) Energy
 (c) Momentum
(d) None of the above

(iii) Bernoulli’s equation holds only for 1

(a) Low viscosity and incompressible fluids in turbulent flow
(b) high viscosity and incompressible fluids in streamline flow
(c) Low viscosity and compressible fluids in turbulent flow
(d) Low viscosity and incompressible fluids in streamline flow

(iv) If the flow speeds of the upper and lower of the wings of an aeroplane are 260
m/s and 250 m/s, the wings cover an area of 500 m 2, then what would be the
lift generated in kN? 1
(a) 637.5
(b) 1275
(c) 2550
(d) 350

(v) Consider a tank of height 20 m filled with liquid of density 100kg/ m3. The area
of tank is 10 m2. If the tank has a hole of area 2 m2 at the bottom, find the
speed of the liquid flowing out through the hole when the height of liquid in the
tank is 10 m . Assume speed of liquid descending at top of tank is 5 m/s. 1
(a) 20 m/s
(b) 14.14 m/s
(c) 15 m/s
(d) 20.615 m/s
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
KOLKATA REGION
SESSION ENDING EXAM 2022 (TERM-2)
CLASS- XI, MARKING SCHEME
SUB- PHYSICS

1. Let r = radius of a spherical liquid drop of center O.

T – surface tension of the liquid. Let pi and p0 be the values of pressure inside
and outside the drop.

∴ Excess of pressure inside the liquid drop = pi – p0

Let Δr be the increase in its radius due to excess pressure. It has one free
surface outside it.

∴ increase in surface area of the liquid drop.

= 4π (r + Δr)² – 4πr²

= 4π [r² +(Δr)² + 2r Δr – r²]

= 8πr Δr ….(i) (1 mark)

(∵ Δr is small Δr² is neglected.)

∴ increase in surface energy of the drop is

W = surface tension × increase in area

= T × 8πr Δr ….(ii)

Also W = Force due to excess of pressure × displacement

= Excess of pressure × area of drop × increase in radius

● (1 mark)
1. L = latent heat of ice= 80 cal g-1

A = 4 cm2 .

K = 0.2 cal cm-1 s-1 °C-1

Δθ = θ2 – θ1 = 100 – 0 = 100°C

t = time = 10 minutes = 10 × 60 = 600s

Let m = amount of ice melted = ?

Using the formula for heat

we get Q = 0.2×4×100×600

Q = 24000 cal …(i) (1 mark)

Also, Q = mL = m. 80 …(ii)
 ∴ From (i) and (ii), we get

m × 80 = 24000 ∴ m = 24000

80 = 300 g. (1 mark)

OR

Here, α = 18 × 10-6 K-1

ΔT = 393 – 293 K = 100 K

r = radius = 1 cm

∴ D = 2r = diameter = 2 cm

and it acts as the original length l (say).

∴ Let D’ be the new diameter = ?

I f Δl be the increase in length, then using the relation,

Δl = αlΔt, we get

Δl = 18 × 10-6 × 2 × 100 = 36 × 10-4 cm

∴ increase in diameter, AD = Al = 36 × 10-4 cm

∴ D’ = D + ΔD = 2 + 0.0036 = 2.0036cm.

2. Total K.E., average K.E. and pressure become 9 times, but the RMS velocity is
tripled. (½ mark each)
3. Let Δls and Δlc be the elongation produced in steel and copper wires respectively.
Ls, Lc be their respective lengths,

Ls = Lc (∵ wires are similar)

Ys = 20 × 1011 dyne cm-2

Yc = 12 × 1011 dyne cm-2

Δls + Δlc = 1 cm

A = area of cross-section of each wire.

F = equal force applied.

∴ Using the relation,

Dividing (ii) by (i), we get

OR

Let M = mass of metal

V = mass of volume

∴ ρ = M/V ….(i)

Let ΔV = Decrease in its volume when a pressure P is applied.

If ρ’ be its new density, then

4. (a) Triple point of water has a unique value i.e., 273.16 K. The melting point and
boiling points of ice and water respectively do not have unique values and
change with the change in pressure.

(b) On Kelvin’s absolute scale, there is only one fixed point, namely, the triple-
point of water and there is no other fixed point.

(c) On Celsius scale 0 °C corresponds to the melting point of ice at normal

pressure and the value of absolute temperature is 273.15 K. The temperature
273.16 K corresponds to the triple point of water.

5. Consider one mole of a perfect gas contained in a cylinder having conducting

walls and fitted with a movable piston.
 Let P, V be the pressure and volume of the gas corresponding to this state.

Let dx = distance by which piston moves outward at constant pressure P so that

its volume increases by dV.

Let a = area of cross-section of the piston.

(a) If dW = work done in moving the piston by dx, then .

dW = force on piston × dx = P a dx

= PdV …(i)

Where dV = a dx = volume

Let the system goes from initial state A(P1, V1) to final state B(P2, V2)

If W = total work done from A to B, then

 = RT (logeV2 – logeV1)= RT logV2/V1= 2.303 RT log10 V2/V1

(b) From equation (ii) of case (a), we get

We know that an adiabatic process is represented mathematically by the equation:

PVγ = constant = K

or

P=

…(iii)

∴ from (ii) and (iii), we get

6. When bullet falls to the same level its velocity is same i.e. 840 ms-1.

K.E. of bullet on returning to the same level

mv2 = 12×

500.1000× (840)2

or

W = 17640 J

This K.E. will be converted into heat energy on striking the

cake of ice.∴ Heat produced Q is given by

Q = WJ=17640 4.2 = 4200 cal

Heat given up by the bullet ih cooling to 0°C from 30°C is given by

Q2 = mcΔθ = 50 × 0.02 × 30= 30 cal

∴ Total heat given to the ice = 4200 + 30 = 4230 cal

Let m = mass ice melted

∴ 4230 = mL

or

m = 4230cal L=4230 80cal g1

7. Let the particle executing SHM starts oscillating from its mean position. Then
displacement equation is
8. The given equation is y 0.34 cos (3000 t + 0.74) …. (1)

Comparing eqn. (i) with the standard equation of displacement of harmonic

oscillation,

y = r cos (ωt + Φo), we get

r = amplitude = 0.34 cm (1 mark each)

9. 3 expressions (1 mark each)

10. (a) In a sound wave, a decrease in displacement i.e., displacement node causes
an increase in the pressure there i.e., a pressure antinode is formed. Also, an
increase in displacement is due to the decrease in pressure. (1 mark)

(b) Bats emit ultrasonic waves of high frequency from their mouths. These
waves after being reflected back from the obstacles on their path are observed
by the bats. These waves give them an idea of distance, direction, nature and
size of the obstacles.
(1 mark)

(c) The quality of a violin note is different from the quality of sitar. Therefore, they
emit different harmonics which can be observed by human ear and used to
differentiate between the two notes. ( 1 mark)

11. Wave motion is a form of disturbance that travels in a medium due to repeated
periodic motion of the particles of the medium.

The wave velocity is different from the particle velocity.

The vibrating particles of the medium possess both K.E. and P.E.

The particle velocity is different at different positions of its vibrations whereas

wave velocity is constant throughout a given medium.

Waves can undergo reflection, refraction, diffraction, dispersion, and

interference.

Progressive waves:

The disturbance travels onward. It is1 handed over from one particle to the next.

Energy is transported in the medium along with the propagation of waves.

Each particle of the medium executes S.H.M. with the same amplitude.
 No particle of the medium is permanently at rest.

Changes in pressure and density are the same at all points of the medium.

Stationary waves:

The disturbance is confined to a particular region and there is no onward motion.

No energy is transported in the medium.

All the particles of the medium except at nodes execute S.H.M. with different
amplitude.

The particles of the medium at nodes are at rest.

The changes of pressure and density are maximum at nodes and minimum at
antinodes.

12. (i) D

(ii) B

(iii)D

(iv)B

(v) C