HEALTH EDUCATION| HES 008 (SAS 22-23)

SESSION 22

1. The conscientious use of current best evidence in making patient care decisions
a. Evidence-based practice (EBP)
b. Evidence from research (ER)
c. Practice-based evidence (PBE)
d. Evaluation (E)
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Evidence-based practice (EBP): conscientious use of current best evidence in
making patient care decisions

2. It is a systematic process that judges the worth or value of something

a. Evidence-based practice (EBP)
b. Evidence from research (ER)
c. Practice-based evidence (PBE)
d. Evaluation (E)
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Evaluation: a systematic process that judges the worth or value of something
– Provide evidence that what nurses do as educators makes a value-added difference in the
care they provide
– Ensure staff and students have knowledge, skills, and attitudes that demonstrate
competencies to deliver safe, high-quality, evidence-based care

3. A systematic data collection about client progress generated during treatment to enhance
care quality and outcomes
a. Evidence-based practice (EBP)
b. Evidence from research (ER)
c. Practice-based evidence (PBE)
d. Evaluation (E)
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Practice-based evidence (PBE): systematic data collection about client progress
generated during treatment to
enhance care quality and outcomes
– Useful for assessment or evaluation
– Can generate research questions

4. There are five basic focus components of Evaluation. In determining the evaluation focus we
consider the persons
or groups for whom the evaluation is being conducted.
a. Audience
b. Purpose
c. Resources
d. Scope
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Audience – these are persons or groups for whom the evaluation is being conducted

5. The reason why evaluation is being conducted

a. Audience
b. Purpose
c. Resources
d. Scope
ANSWER: B
Rationale: In Determining the Evaluation Focus: Purpose: why an evaluation is being conducted

6. There are five levels of Learner evaluation. Level III is also known as:
a. Initial process
b. Needs assessment
c. Long term outcome
d. Ongoing impact
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Level III – Learner’s performance and attitude in daily setting (Long-term outcome)

7. In designing the evaluation our Design Structure needs a level of rigor: All this are applicable,
except:
a. Precision
b. Exactness
c. Logical organization
d. Consistency
ANSWER: D
Rationale: All evaluations need a level of rigor: Precision, Exactness, Logical organization
• How carefully planned the design must be depends on the questions to be answered, the
complexity of the scope,
and how results will be used.

8. In designing our evaluation, we conduct a comparison between research and evaluation. This
category is conducted to generate new knowledge and/or expand existing knowledge.
a. Evaluation
b. Research
c. Design
d. Structure
ANSWER: B
Rationale: In designing the Evaluation for Research - Audience is generic, Conducted to
generate new knowledge and/or expand existing knowledge, Focus on sample
representativeness, generalizability of findings, Time constrained by study funding

9. In designing our evaluation, we conduct a comparison between research and evaluation. This
category is conducted where the audience specific to single person, group, institution, or
location
a. Evaluation
b. Research
c. Design
d. Structure
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Characteristics of Evaluation - Audience specific to single person, group, institution,
or location, Conducted to
make decisions in specific setting, Focused on needs of primary audience, Time constrained by
urgency of decisions to be made

10. During the conduct of evaluation, we have the so-called Barriers. The following are
examples of this barriers: SATA
a. Lack of focus clarity
b. Lack of ability
c. Fear of punishment or loss of self-esteem
d. Anxiety related to unknown
ANSWER: ABC
Rationale: We have 3 barriers to Evaluation found in the choices: ABC

SESSION 23

1. This is what part of conducting the evaluation - we assess feasibility of conducting evaluation
as planned.
a. Pilot test
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Conduct of study
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Conduct a pilot test first.
Assess feasibility of conducting the full evaluation as planned
Especially if using a new instrument
Especially if expensive, time consuming, or basis for major decisions
Assess reliability, validity of instruments.

2. The following are purposes of data analysis: SATA

a. To organize data to provide meaningful information
b. To provide answers to evaluation questions
c. Audience focused
d. Present results in person and in writing
ANSWER: AB
Rationale: Data analysis purposes:
1. To organize data to provide meaningful information
2. To provide answers to evaluation questions

3. In conducting the Evaluation we include extra time to complete all steps and be prepared for
unexpected delays.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Include extra time to complete all steps. Be prepared for unexpected delays.

4. Having a sense of humour is also an important aspect in conducting the evaluation.

a. True
b. False
c. Not sure
d. Maybe
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Keep a sense of humor! This is an important aspect in conducting the evaluation.

5. During our data analysis decisions we based it on the nature of data, with evaluation
questions pertaining to the following : SATA
a. Data is quantitative and/or qualitative.
b. Data is continuous or discrete.
c. Data is differentiated by measurement level; determines which statistics can analyze them
d. Data should be reviewed by the respondents
ANSWER: ABC
Rationale: Based on nature of data, evaluation questions
Data is quantitative and/or qualitative.
Data is continuous or discrete.
Data is differentiated by measurement level; determines which statistics can analyze them
HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 19-21)

SESSION 19

1. A type of instructional materials that is available to the learner in the absence of the educator.
This widely acceptable and readily available also, relatively cheap and convenient.
a. Written
b. Demonstration
c. Displays
d. Posters
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Written materials - Available to learner in absence of educator, Widely acceptable,
familiar, Readily available
commercially, relatively cheap, Convenient forms, Becoming more widely available in multiple
languages, Suitable for learners who prefer reading, Learner controls rate of reading

2. These are 2D objects that serve as useful tools for a variety of teaching purposes which also
most useful in formal
classes, group talks, brainstorming
a. Written
b. Demonstration
c. Displays
d. Posters
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Displays are 2D objects that serve as useful tools for a variety of teaching purposes
− Most useful in formal classes, group talks, brainstorming
− Quickly add, correct, delete information
− Encourage participation, keep learners’ attention, reinforce contributions

3. These instructional materials are increasingly in popular, common format. They may be
independent information
source or supplement other instruction and meant to attract attention
a. Written
b. Demonstration
c. Displays
d. Posters
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Posters - Hybrid of print and visual media using written word with graphic illustrations
• Increasingly popular, common format
• May be independent information source or supplement other instruction
• Meant to attract attention
• Design elements and effective imagery must be remembered for good design.

4. It increases understanding and retention of information, satisfaction of care and more learner
have more content control especially over sequencing, pacing, information timing
a. Written materials
b. Audiovisual materials
c. Learning resources
d. Instructor’s guide
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Audiovisual materials advantages:
– Stimulate seeing and hearing
– Adding educational variety
– Instilling visual memories (more permanent)
– Increase understanding and retention of information
– Increase satisfaction of care
– More learner content control
– More learner control over sequencing, pacing, information timing

5. They are appropriate for varied group sizes with some forms which are very flexible
a. Audio Learning Resources
b. Video Learning Resources
c. Projected Learning Resources
d. Telecommunications Learning Resources
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Projected Learning Resources Examples: Overhead transparencies, PowerPoint
slides, SMART Boards
• Advantages: Appropriate for varied group sizes, Attractive learning mode for all ages, Some
forms are very flexible.
• Disadvantages: Potential lack of flexibility, Some forms may be expensive, Requires darkened
room for some forms, Requires special equipment for use

6. CDs, digital sound players, radio, podcasts are examples of this instructional materials
a. Telecommunication Learning Resources
b. Projected Learning Resources
c. Audio Learning Resources
d. Video Learning Resources
ANSWER: C
Rationale: CDs, digital sound players, radio, podcasts are examples of Audio Learning
Resources Materials.
7. Digital video files and DVDs (software); camcorders, DVD recorders, television sets,
computer monitors
(hardware); Webinars and streaming are examples of this instructional materials
a. Telecommunication Learning Resources
b. Projected Learning Resources
c. Audio Learning Resources
d. Video Learning Resources
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Video Learning Resources examples are as follows:
- Digital video files and DVDs (software); camcorders, DVD recorders, television sets, computer
monitors (hardware); Webinars and streaming

8. These are relatively inexpensive, widely available and can reach many people
simultaneously, in multiple places,
at great distances
a. Telecommunication Learning Resources
b. Projected Learning Resources
c. Audio Learning Resources
d. Video Learning Resources
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Telecommunication Learning Resources - Relatively inexpensive, widely available. It
reaches many people
simultaneously, in multiple places, at great distances. Examples: Television, telephones,
teleconferencing, closed-
circuit/cable/satellite broadcasting

9. In computer learning resources, there is interactive potential and quick feedback but there is
also potential database which is enormous.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Computer Learning Resources - Interactive potential: quick feedback, Promotes
problem solving, critical
thinking, Increases learning efficiency, information retention, comprehension, Potential database
is enormous, Promotes cognitive learning domain, Can be individualized, including for aphasia,
motor difficulties, visual/hearing impairment, learning disabilities, Ongoing assessments
possible, Time efficient

10. During the evaluation of instructional materials it should complement and supplement
learning, and substitute it.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Instructional materials should complement and supplement learning, not substitute.

SESSION 20

1. A period in history characterized by the birth of the Internet, World Wide Web, development of
Internet
technology, wide-scale computer production, and the development of user-friendly software
a. Information age
b. Emerging technology
c. Cyber Age
d. “Fourth Industrial Revolution”
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The information Age is a period in history characterized by:
– Birth of the Internet, World Wide Web
– Development of Internet technology
– Wide-scale computer production
– Development of user-friendly software

2. Today, it is characterized by technology fusion

a. Information age
b. Emerging technology
c. Cyber Age
d. “Fourth Industrial Revolution”
ANSWER: D
Rationale: “Fourth Industrial Revolution” today is characterized by technology fusion: Artificial
intelligence, Biotechnology,
3D printing, Nanotechnology

3. This aims to strengthen relationship between patient and provider. It also teach and empower
patients dealing
with health and wellness issues
a. “Fourth Industrial Revolution”
b. Information age
c. Consumer Informatics
d. Cybersecurity
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Consumer Informatics Aims to: Strengthen relationship between patient and provider,
Teach and empower patients dealing with health and wellness issues, Not restricted to
computer-based programs, Studies/implements methods for making information accessible,
Integrates consumer preferences into future educational programs

4. Thirty-five percent of Americans have been notified that personal information has been
compromised. Many
healthcare organizations are setting up patient portals or secure websites.
a. “Fourth Industrial Revolution”
b. Information age
c. Consumer Informatics
d. Cybersecurity
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Cybersecurity - Thirty-five percent of Americans have been notified that personal
information has been
compromised. A study of healthcare organizations found that 94% have been victims of
cyberattacks. As more health
information is stored and exchanged, increased risk for compromise. Many healthcare
organizations are setting up patient portals or secure websites.

5. The following are principles of e-Health Code of Ethics: (SATA)

a. Candor
b. Privacy
c. Responsible parenting
d. Quantity
ANSWER: AB
Rationale: e-Health Code of Ethics: Principles –Candor, Honesty, Quality, Informed Consent,
Privacy, Professionalism, Responsible partnering, Accountability

6. In the impact of technology on teacher and learner, teachers are becoming facilitators of
learning rather than
providers of information.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Access to information bridges gap between teacher and learner. Teachers are
becoming facilitators of learning rather than providers of information. Strive to create
collaborative atmospheres. Memorization becomes less important than critical thinking.

7. Clients should help Nurses access, evaluate, and use available information.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Nurses should help individuals access, evaluate, and use available information.
– Should encourage and support patients in attempting to seek required knowledge

8. In the technological strategies in healthcare education using the worldwide web, this is
designed to create and exchange information and is able to exist (and did) without the World
Wide Web.
a. Cyber
b. Internet
c. Computers
d. Informatics
ANSWER: B
Rationale: The Internet - Global network of computers
– Designed to create and exchange information
– World Wide Web is a small component of the Internet.
– Able to exist (and did) without the World Wide Web

9. The ability to use the computer hardware and software necessary to accomplish routine
tasks. This is known as:
a. Web-based resources
b. Computer literacy
c. Patient portals
d. Management Information
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Computer literacy is the ability to use the computer hardware and software necessary
to accomplish routine
tasks.

10. The following is true regarding New technology:

a. It is raising the question of telepractice and licensure.
b. New practice guidelines are likely
c. None of the above
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Rationale: New technology is also raising the question of telepractice and licensure. New
practice guidelines are likely.
Ease of use must be considered. E.g., patient portals (Need simple design, Test data must be
understandable, Question
responses must be checked for accuracy, Responses must be timely.
SESSION 21

1. In the advent of Professional Education and the WWW, this can share audio and/or video with
participants in multiple locations at once. It is now growing in popularity as a training device for
sharing lectures and demonstrations
a. Social Media
b. Webcasts
c. Webinars
d. E-Mail/Texting
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Webcasts: Live broadcasts over the Internet
– Can share audio and/or video with participants in multiple locations at once
– Growing in popularity as a training device for sharing lectures and demonstrations

2. Here, there is a web-based conferencing that allows for interaction. When well run, can be an
effective teaching strategy
a. Social Media
b. Webcasts
c. Webinars
d. E-Mail/Texting
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Webinars: Web-based conferencing that allows for interaction. When well run, can be
an effective teaching strategy

3. This is one of most popular ways to set up electronic discussion group

a. Mailing Lists
b. Other Online Discussions
c. Electronic Discussion Groups
d. Online Chats
ANSWER: A
Rationale: One of most popular ways to set up electronic discussion group
– E.g., LISTSERV
– Teach large groups at once
– Learning resource
– Collaborative learning
– Learning from experience of others
– Providing service to a specific group
4. It provide a mechanism for information exchange between multiple people in many locations
at once
a. Mailing Lists
b. Other Online Discussions
c. Electronic Discussion Groups
d. Online Chats
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Provide a mechanism for information exchange between multiple people in many
locations at once
– May be scheduled or ongoing

5. It is a technology for Professional Development in Nursing where the teacher and learner are
separated
a. Distance education
b. Staff development and training
c. Digital Divide
d. Continued education programs
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Distance education: teacher and learner are separated
– Available at online/traditional institutions
– Includes online courses, correspondence courses, independent study, videoconferencing
– Can be very effective
– Students with professional experiences have significant learning gains.

6. Computer and Internet technology have become integral to daily life in the U.S. and other
parts of the world
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Computer and Internet technology have become integral to daily life in the U.S. and
other parts of the world.
– Focuses are on how technology is used, the obstacles presented, learning outcomes

7. The following are the characteristics of Distance education: SATA

a. Available at online/traditional institutions
b. Includes online courses, correspondence courses, independent study, videoconferencing
c. Can be very expensive
d. Students with professional experiences have no significant learning gains.
ANSWER: AB
Rationale: Available at online/traditional institutions, Includes online courses, correspondence
courses, independent
study, videoconferencing, Can be very effective, Students with professional experiences have
significant learning gains.

8. Degree programs for distance learners at all levels are increasingly available.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Degree programs for distance learners at all levels are increasingly available.

9. Continued education programs are widely available in a variety of formats. The following
maybe true, except:
a. Keep practice current
b. Provide career mobility
c. Enhance professional development
d. Guaranteed motivational costs effective
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Continued education programs are widely available in a variety of formats.
– Keep practice current
– Provide career mobility
– Enhance professional development

10. Fifteen percent of American adults do not use the Internet. This Influenced by the following:
SATA
a. age
b. income
c. education level
d. ability
ANSWER: ABCD
Rationale: Fifteen percent of American adults do not use the Internet.
– Influenced by age, income, education level, and ability
– May not be used because of relevance, ease of use, expense, or physical access issues
– Those at risk are those older than 65, household income under $30k, did not complete high
school, those with disabilities, households without children
HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 16-18)

SESSION 16

1. Which instructional method provides or design activities that guide the learner in
independently achieving the
educational objectives;
A. Simulation
B. Role play
C. Role modeling
D. Self-instruction
ANSWER: D
Rationale: In self-Instruction, the educator provides motivation and reinforcement. Formats
include workbooks, study guides, workstations, videotapes, internet modules, computer
programs.

2. Which is a trial-and-error method of teaching whereby an artificial experience is created that

engages the learner in an
activity that reflects real-life conditions but without the risk-taking consequences of an actual
situation.
A. Simulation
B. Role play
C. Role modeling
D. Self-instruction
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Simulation fosters interdisciplinary education to improve teamwork, communication,
and role valuing and teaches critical thinking, high-level decision making.

3. This is an instructional method where learners actively participate in an unrehearsed

dramatization;
A. Simulation
B. Role play
C. Role modeling
D. Self-instruction
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Role play is intended to arouse feelings and elicit emotional responses from learners.
All members of the group
should be given an assignment as participant or observer.

4. Learning is called identification and emanates from learning and developmental theories.
A. Simulation
B. Role play
C. Role modeling
D. Self-instruction
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Role modeling is a way to guide, support, and socialize students and novices to new
function levels.

5. Which is an instructional method requiring the learner to participate in a competitive activity

with preset rules.
A. One-to-One Instruction
B. Demonstration
C. Return Demonstration
D. Gaming
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Goal is for learners to win a game by applying knowledge and rehearsing previously
learned skills. Some
advantages includes increasing learner participation and engagement, enhances skill
acquisition, and increases information retention and recall.

SESSION 17

ANSWER:
Increasing Effectiveness of Teaching: Enhance Verbal Presentations
o Enthusiasm
o Humor
o Risk-taking
o Drama
o Problem-solving
o Role modelling
o Anecdotes and examples
o Technology

SESSION 18

1. They are defined as the objects or vehicles by which information is communicated

a. Instructional Materials
b. Figures of Speech
c. Therapy
d. Assistive Devices
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Instructional Materials are defined as the objects or vehicles by which information is
communicated

2. There are three Major Components of Instructional Materials

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: There are three Major Components of Instructional Materials

3. In the delivery system of Instructional Materials, both the software and the hardware are used
in presenting
information:
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: TRUE. In the delivery system of Instructional Materials, both the software and the
hardware are used in presenting information.

4. The following characteristics are evident of the Learner. Select all that apply:
a. Sensorimotor abilities
b. Reading skills
c. Motivational levels (locus of control)
d. Gender
e. Socioeconomic characteristics
ANSWER: ABCDE
Rationale: The following characteristics are evident of the Learner: Sensorimotor abilities,
Reading skills, Motivational
levels (locus of control), Developmental stages, Learning styles, Gender, Socioeconomic
characteristics, Cultural
backgrounds

5. The Purposes of instructional materials is to help the nurse educator deliver a message:
(SATA)
a. creatively
b. clearly
c. accurately
d. timely
e. Intended to supplement, not replace, the act of teaching and the role of the teacher
ANSWER: ABCDE
Rationale: Purposes: to help the nurse educator deliver a message creatively, clearly,
accurately, and timely a. Intended to supplement, not replace, the act of teaching and the role of
the teacher

6. The instructional material’s effectiveness is based on the learning theory, studies of effects,
practice evidence
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The instructional material’s effectiveness is based on the learning theory, studies of
effects, practice evidence

7. The following are Characteristics of the Medium, except:

a. Print
b. Demonstration
c. Audiovisual
d. Non ads
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Characteristics of the Medium – Print, Demonstration, Audiovisual, Nonprint

8. These are considered as examples in the delivery system of instructional materials: (SATA)
a. PowerPoint slides delivered via a computer
b. DVD content in conjunction with a DVD player
c. External Outlet drives
d. USB medium
ANSWER: AB
Rationale: Delivery System Examples:
o PowerPoint slides delivered via a computer
o DVD content in conjunction with a DVD player

9. The content of instructional materials must have the actual information being imparted to the
learner
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Content
o Definition: the actual information being imparted to the learner
10. In selecting the criteria for the content of the instructional materials we consider the
following, except:
a. Selection criteria
b. Accuracy of information being conveyed
c. Appropriateness of medium chosen to convey information
d. Appropriateness of readability level of materials for the learners
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Selection criteria - Accuracy of information being conveyed, Appropriateness of
medium chosen to convey information, Appropriateness of readability level of materials for the
learners
HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 13-15)

SESSION 13

1. A very important tool to consider as a key in the family’s role during chronic Illness or
disability is:
a. Communication
b. Honesty
c. Empathy
d. Guidance
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Family’s Role in Chronic Illness or Disability
o Families are usually the care providers and support system.
o Their reactions and perceptions influence adjustment.
o Note what learning needs the family considers important.
o Communication between family members is key.
o Consider family strategies for coping.
o Denial may be present.

2. In the family’s role during chronic Illness or disability, families are usually considered as main
care providers and
support system.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. A&B only
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Family’s Role in Chronic Illness or Disability
o Families are usually the care providers and support system.
o Their reactions and perceptions influence adjustment.
o Note what learning needs the family considers important.
o Communication between family members is key.
o Consider family strategies for coping.
o Denial may be present.

3. Chronic Illness is the Leading cause of death in U.S.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. A&B only
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Chronic Illness
o Leading cause of death in U.S.
o Permanent condition lasting three plus months, often a lifetime
o May cause a disability but is not a disability itself
o Affects every aspect of life—physical, social, psychological, economic, and spiritual
o Successful management is a life-long process.
o Development of good learning skills is matter of survival.
o The learning process must begin with illness onset.
o There is often a conflict between feelings of dependence and the need for independence.

4. All of the following is true regarding the Chronic Illness, except:

a. Successful management is a life-long process.
b. Development of good learning skills is matter of survival.
c. The learning process must begin with illness onset.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Rationale: All of the above

5. To a person with communication disorders, deficits affect perception and/or language

production abilities.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. A&B only
ANSWER: A
Rationale: To a person with communication disorders, deficits affect perception and/or language
production abilities.

6. The following are considered as most common residual communication deficits, except:
a. Global aphasia
b. Expressive aphasia
c. Deceptive aphasia
d. Anomic aphasia
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Receptive aphasia - you hear the voice or see the print, but you can't make sense of
the words.
Expressive aphasia - you know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or writing
what you mean.
Anomic aphasia - you have trouble using the correct word for objects, places, or events
7. A severe chronic state that is present before 22 years of age, is caused by mental and/or
physical impairment,
and is likely to continue indefinitely
a. Assistive Technologies
b. Memory Disorders
c. Developmental Disabilities
d. Communication Disorders
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Developmental Disabilities are severe chronic state that is present before 22 years of
age, is caused by mental
and/or physical impairment, and is likely to continue indefinitely

8. Falls are considered as the leading cause of physical disabilities:

a. Maybe
b. True
c. False
d. A only
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Physical disabilities always consider traumatic brain injuries and falls are considered
as its leading cause

9. Treatments for traumatic brain injury includes the following (SATA):

a. Acute care
b. Acute rehabilitation
c. Long-term rehabilitation
d. Ultimate goal of independent living
ANSWER: ABCD
Rationale: All is considered treatment regimen

10. In caring for those clients with sensory deficits / visual impairments, we consider the
following guidelines, except
(SATA):
a. Use nonverbal cues
b. Braille keyboards, displays, and printers
c. Avoid the tendency to shout
d. Use proper lighting
ANSWER: ABCD
Rationale: All is considered teaching guidelines
Assess patients to avoid making needs assumptions. Speak directly to patients rather than to
sighted companions.Secure
services of a low-vision specialist to obtain adaptive optical devices. Avoid the tendency to
shout. Use nonverbal cues.
Always announce your presence and identify yourself. Allow client to touch, handle, and
manipulate equipment. Be
descriptive in explaining procedures. Use large font size for printed or handwritten materials.
Use bold color or rely on black and white for printed materials. Use alternative instructional
tools that stimulate auditory and tactile senses.Use proper lighting. Provide large-print watches
and clocks. Use audiotapes and cassette recorders. Computer features, Screen magnifiers,
high contrast, screen-resolution features Text-to-speech converters Braille keyboards, displays,
and printers. Sighted guide technique

SESSION 14

1. In writing behavioral objectives and goals, three important characteristics are considered,
namely:
a. Performance, Persistence, Goal setting
b. Performance, Condition, Criterion
c. Performance, Condition, Goal setting
d. Performance, Persistence, Condition
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Performance: describes what the learner is expected to be able to do
Condition: describes the situation under which the expected behavior will be observed
Criterion: describes how well or with what accuracy the learner must be able to perform to be
competent

2. It is known as the final outcome to be achieved at the end of the teaching and learning
process
a. Objective
b. SMART
c. Goal
d. Subobjectives
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Goal: the final outcome to be achieved at the end of the teaching and learning
process.

3. This is a specific, single, concrete, one-dimensional behavior that should be achieved at the
end of one or a few
teaching sessions.
a. Objective
b. SMART
c. Goal
d. Subobjectives
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Objective: a specific, single, concrete, one-dimensional behavior that should be
achieved at the end of one or a
few teaching sessions

4. These are specific statements that reflect aspects of a main objective

a. Objective
b. SMART
c. Goal
d. Subobjectives
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Subobjectives: specific statements that reflect aspects of a main objective

5. In the writing of behavioral objectives and goals, the ABCD Rule is applied by which letter A
stands for:
a. Audience
b. Audible
c. Audition
d. Ambience
ANSWER: A
Rationale: A - Audience (who), B—Behavior (what), C—Condition (under which circumstances),
D—Degree (how well, to what extent, within what time frame)

6. The above mentioned ABCD Rule is applied by which letter B stands for:
a. Belching
b. Behavior
c. Bonding
d. Benevolence
ANSWER: B
Rationale: A - Audience (who), B—Behavior (what), C—Condition (under which circumstances),
D—Degree (how well, to what extent, within what time frame)

7. In the ABCD Rule, letter C would mean:

a. Consequence
b. Condition
c. Circumstance
d. Convalescence
ANSWER: B
Rationale: A - Audience (who), B—Behavior (what), C—Condition (under which circumstances),
D—Degree (how well, to what extent, within what time frame)

8. Regarding goals and objectives, both of these are needed in order to accomplish something.
a. True
b. False
c. Not sure
d. Nay
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Goals and Objectives. Both goals and objectives are needed in order to accomplish
something.
o Objectives must be achieved before goal can be reached.
o Objectives must be observable, measurable.
o Objectives must be consistent with, related to the goal.

9. We consider the following factors in making goals and objectives (SATA):

a. Objectives must be achieved before goal can be reached.
b. Objectives must be observable, measurable.
c. Objectives must be consistent with, related to the goal.
d. Objectives must be with considerations, related to clients ideas
ANSWER: ABC
Rationale: Goals and Objectives. Both goals and objectives are needed in order to accomplish
something.
o Objectives must be achieved before goal can be reached.
o Objectives must be observable, measurable.
o Objectives must be consistent with, related to the goal.

10. In Writing SMART objectives we follow these guide (SATA):

a. Specific about what is to be achieved
b. Measurable by quantifying or qualifying objectives
c. Achievable, attainable objectives
d. Realistic by considering available resources
e. Timely by stating when the objectives will be achieved
ANSWER: ABCDE
Rationale: Writing SMART objectives
Specific about what is to be achieved
Measurable by quantifying or qualifying objectives
Achievable, attainable objectives
Realistic by considering available resources
Timely by stating when the objectives will be achieved
SESSION 15

1. Which learning domain involves acquiring fine and gross motor abilities with increasing
complexity of neuromuscular
coordination.
A. Cognitive Domain
B. Affective Domain
C. Psychomotor Domain
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Psychomotor skill development is very egocentric and requires learner concentration.
Methods most often used
includes demonstration and instructional materials, return demonstration, simulation and
self-instruction.

2. Which learning domain involves acquisition of information based on the learner’s intellectual
abilities, mental
capacities, understanding, and thinking processes.
A. Cognitive Domain
B. Affective Domain
C. Psychomotor Domain
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Cognitive-domain learning is the traditional focus of most teaching and is an essential
prerequisite for learning affective and psychomotor skills. Methods most often used to stimulate
learning include lecture, group discussion, one-to-one instruction, and self instruction (e.g.,
computer-assisted)

3. Which learning domain involves an increasing internalization or commitment to feelings

expressed as emotions,
interests, beliefs, attitudes, values, and appreciations.
A. Cognitive Domain
B. Affective Domain
C. Psychomotor Domain
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Affective learning involves the degree of a person’s depth of emotional responses.
Methods most often used
include group discussion, role-playing, role-modeling and questioning.
4. A written (formal) or verbal (informal) agreement between the teacher and the learner that
specifies teaching and learning activities that are to occur within a certain time frame.
A. Teaching Plan
B. Learning Contract
C. Learning Curve
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Learning contracts are an increasingly popular approach to teaching and learning,
include a reward for upholding the terms of the contract, serve as an alternative and innovative
technique of presenting information to the learner , and shift the control and emphasis to learner
centered.

5. A blueprint to achieve goals and objectives which indicates purpose, content, methods, tools,
timing, evaluation of instruction;
A. Teaching Plan
B. Learning Contract
C. Learning Curve
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Mutually agreed upon goals and objectives which clarify what the learner is to learn
and what the teacher is to teach.
HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 9-12)

SESSION 9

1. A measurement tool that measures the materials written between the fifth grade and college
level
a. Flesch-Kincaid Scale
b. REALM
c. TOFHLA
d. Fry Readability Graph
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Flesch-Kincaid Scale: measures materials written between the fifth-grade and the
college level

2. This health literacy tool measures health literacy skills using actual hospital materials;
sections on reading comprehension and numeracy
a. Flesch-Kincaid Scale
b. REALM
c. TOFHLA
d. Fry Readability Graph
ANSWER: C
Rationale:TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults): measures health literacy skills
using actual hospital materials; sections on reading comprehension and numeracy

3. This comprehension test is specifically recommended for assessing medical literature with
individuals reading at sixth-grade level or above.
a. Cloze Procedure
b. OPS Procedure
c. Listening Test
d. Memory Test
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Cloze Procedure: Specifically recommended for assessing medical literature with
individuals reading at sixth-
grade level or above. Every fifth word is systematically deleted from a portion of a text, and the
reader has to fill in the
blanks with the appropriate words.

4. Here in this tool, a three minute passage at approximately the fifth-grade level is read aloud.
a. Cloze Procedure
b. OPS Procedure
c. Listening Test
d. Memory Test
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Listening Test: A three-minute passage, selected from instructional materials written
at approximately the fifth-
grade level, is read aloud, and then the listener is asked questions on key points relevant to the
content.

5. It is also necessary to simplify the readability of printed education materials. Audience

suitability usually depends
on:
a. Grade-level demand
b. Technical format
c. Concept density
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Suitability for a given audience depends on
a. Grade-level demand
b. Technical format
c. Concept density
d. Accuracy and clarity of message

6. In using techniques for writing effective health materials, we consider the following criterion,
except:
a. Write in a conversational style with an active voice, using the personal pronouns “you” and
“your.”
b. You can exceed more than 30 to 40 characters per line.
c. Define any technical or unfamiliar words in parentheses
d. Highlight important ideas or words with bold type or underlining.
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Techniques for Writing Effective Health Materials
Write in a conversational style with an active voice, using the personal pronouns “you” and
“your.”Use short words and
common vocabulary.Spell words rather than using abbreviations or acronyms. Organize
information into chunks. Use numbers and statistics only when necessary.Keep sentences and
lists short (preferably 20 words and 7 items).
Define any technical or unfamiliar words in parentheses.Use words consistently throughout
text.Avoid value judgment
words.Put the most important information first.Use advance organizers and subheadings.Limit
use of connective words.
Make the first sentence of a paragraph the topic sentence.Limit each paragraph to a single
message or action, and include only one idea per sentence.Do not exceed 30 to 40 characters
per line.Allow for plenty of white space.Keep right margins unjustified. Use design layouts that
encourage eye movement from left to right.Use color to emphasize key points and to organize
topics.Create a simple cover page.Limit length of document to cover only essential
information.Select simple type style (serif) and large font (14–16). Avoid using italics and all
CAPITALS.Highlight important ideas or words with bold type or underlining.Select non-glossy
paper and color that contrasts with typeface.Use bold line drawings and simple diagrams.
Include summary section using bullet points or numbered list. Determine readability by applying
two formulas.

7. This type of reading skills and health literacy test is used to determines a patient’s ability to
find and navigate
electronic health information
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: A
Rationale: eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale): determines a patient’s ability to find and navigate
electronic health information

8. A tool to tool to assess the suitability of instructional materials for a given group of learners
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: C
Rationale: SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials): tool to assess the suitability of
instructional materials for a given group of learners.

9. The interest in the literacy problem has escalated tremendously in the last 5-10 years, and
recent survey results demonstrate that literacy, numeracy, and technology problems are still
prevalent.
a. True
b. False
c. Not sure
d. A&B only
ANSWER: A
Rationale: TRUE. Interest in the literacy problem has escalated tremendously in the last 5-10
years, and recent survey results demonstrate that literacy, numeracy, and technology problems
are still prevalent.
10. This tool identifies those at risk for low health literacy
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: D
Rationale: NVS (Newest Vital Sign): identifies those at risk for low health literacy. It is
inexpensive, takes as little as three minutes to administer.

SESSION 10

1. Which of the following refers to recognizing and appreciating “the external signs of diversity”
in other ethnic groups:
A. Cultural awareness
B. Cultural competence
C. Cultural diversity
D. Cultural relativism
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Recognizing and appreciating “the external signs of diversity” in other ethnic groups,
such as their art, music, dress, and physical features.

2. It refers to ethnocultural groups of people “who have experiences different from those of the
dominant culture by virtue of status, ethnic background, residence, religion, education, or other
factors.
A. Ethic Group
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Ideology
D. Subcultures
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Subcultures include factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on
each member with a conscious awareness of these differences... subcultures differ from the
dominant ethnic group and share beliefs according to the primary and secondary characteristics
of diversity” (Purnell & Paulanka, 1998, p. 3)

3. This is also referred to as a subculture:

A. Ethic Group
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Ideology
D. Subcultures
ANSWER: A
Rationale: It also refers to a population of “people who have experiences different from those of
dominant culture.

4. A concept describing “the universal tendency of human beings to think that their ways of
thinking, acting, and believing are the only right, proper, and natural ways . . .
A. Ethic Group
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Ideology
D. Subcultures
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Ethnocentrism perpetuates an attitude and beliefs that differ greatly from one’s own
are strange, bizarre, or unenlightened, and therefore wrong” (Purnell & Paulanka, 1998, p. 3).

5. A “the totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs,
lifeways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a population of
people that guide their worldview and decision making”.
A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural diversity
C. Cultural relativism
D. Culture
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Culture is a complex concept that is an integral part of each person’s life and includes
knowledge, beliefs, values, morals, customs, traditions, and habits acquired by each person as
a member of a society. Purnell and Paulanka (1998)

6. Which ability recognize a figure when it is rotated such as detecting a shape embedded in
another figure, and is
consistently better for males than for females.
A. Verbal ability
B. Mathematical ability
C. Spatial ability
D. Problem solving
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Spatial ability is also the ability to accurately replicate a three-dimensional object and
is consistently better for males than for females.

7. It is a conscious process of demonstrating knowledge and understanding of a client’s culture.

A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural diversity
C. Cultural relativism
D. Culture
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Cultural competence is a way to recognize, accept, and respect cultural differences
and to be able to incorporate these cultural beliefs and practices about wellness and illness into
the delivery of care by adapting interventions to be congruent with the client’s culture

8. Which assessment model emphasizes improvement of cross-cultural healthcare

communication:
A. Giger & Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model
B. Nurse/Client Negotiations Model
C. Learn model
D. Purnell Model for Cultural Competence
ANSWER: C
Rationale: emphasizes improvement of cross-cultural healthcare communication and includes
listening with sympathy/understanding to patient’s perception of problem, explaining perception
of problem, acknowledging/discussing
similarities/ differences, recommending treatment approaches and negotiating agreement.

9. Which of the following cultural characteristics refers to the willingness of a person emigrating
to a new culture;
A. Acculturation
B. Assimilation
C. Cultural awareness
D. Cultural competence
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Assimilation is the willingness of a person emigrating to a new culture to gradually
adopt and incorporate characteristics of the prevailing culture.

10. Which of the following gender-related personality behaviors indicates that females are more
likely to express
achievement in social skills and social relations, whereas men are more likely to try to succeed
in intellectual or competitive activities .
A. Conformity & dependence
B. Emotional adjustment
C. Values and life goals
D. Achievement orientation
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Females are more likely to express achievement motivation in social skills and social
relations, whereas men
are more likely to try to succeed in intellectual or competitive activities. This difference is thought
to be due to sex-role
expectations that are strongly communicated at very early ages.

SESSION 11

In 2 sentences each, distinguish between the beliefs and customs of the four predominant
ethnic groups in the United
States.
1. Hispanic/Latino Culture, 2. Black/African American Culture, 3. Asian/Pacific Islander Culture
,and 4, American Indian/Alaska Native Culture (This is equivalent to 8 points- 2 points for each
ethnic groups)
In 7 sentences, give ways to avoid stereotypical behavior.

Answers:
Hispanic/Latino Culture
Characteristics: (Largest, fastest growing subculture,less likely to receive preventive care, often
lack health insurance, less
health care access,economically disadvantaged, strong family ties, much information obtained
from mass media, Spanish or English may be primary language, categorize disease into “hot”
and “cold,” magical origin, emotional origin, folk-defined, or “standard scientific”)

Black/African American Culture

Second-largest U.S. ethnic group
Characteristics(Many acculturated into American “way of life”,disadvantaged due to poverty and
lack of education,extended family important and elders hold highest respect, strong religious
values, some believe in voodoo, witchcraft, some believe all animate and inanimate objects
have good or evil spirits and some use folk remedies)

Asian/Pacific Islander Culture

Characteristics: (Blend of four philosophies
1.Buddhism
2.Confucianism
3.Taoism
4.Phi
(Major barriers to health care are language, cultural beliefs, health literacy, health insurance,
and immigrant status. male authority and dominance, “Saving face” (conduct as a result of a
sense of pride, strong family ties, and respect for
parents, elders, teachers, and other authority figures)

American Indian/Alaska Native Culture:

Characteristics: (Spiritual attachment to the land, intimacy of religion and medicine, strong ties
to family/tribe, view children
as an asset, not a liability, believe supernatural powers exist in animate and inanimate objects,
avoid acculturation, lack
materialism, time consciousness, and desire to share with others, believe witchcraft is cause of
illness, some tribes
incorporate shaman and ceremonies into healing, do not feel they have control over their
destiny, and believe that looking
into another’s eyes reveals and may steal someone’s soul.

Ways to avoid stereotyping:

o Nurse educators must relate to each person as an individual.
o Use neutral language when teaching.
o Confront bias by other healthcare professionals.
o Request information equally from clients regardless of gender, socioeconomic status, age,
culture.
o Keep instructional materials free of stereotypical terminology and expressions.
o Be a role model of equality.
o Treat all clients with fairness, respect, and dignity.
o Do not let appearance influence expectations of quality of care.
o Assess educational backgrounds, attributes, and economic resources to ensure appropriate
teaching.
o Be knowledgeable of the cultural traditions of various groups.

SESSION 12

1. Views disabilities as sin- Moral Model

2. Embraces disability as a normal part of life- Disabilities Model

3. The belief that people with disabilities must be “cured”- Medical and Rehabilitation Model

4. Old model that persists in some cultures- Moral Model

5. Views social discrimination as the problem- Disabilities Model

6. View disabilities as problems requiring intervention to cure- Medical and Rehabilitation

Model

7. Individuals and their families may experience guilt, shame, denial of care.- Moral Model
8. Is the most influential on current thinking model- Disabilities Model

9. United Nations established Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons
with Disabilities specifying
fundamental right of access to care.- Moral Model

10. Disability as defect/sickness/ disability as deficiency- Medical and Rehabilitation Model

HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 5-8)

SESSION 5

1. This is the art and science of helping children learn.

a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Pedagogy relates to children and it refers to the art and science of helping children
learn.

2. In this developmental stage, formal operations stage begins in and carries through adulthood.
a. Infancy
b. Toddlerhood
c. Middle Childhood
d. Adulthood
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Abstract thought; reasoning is both inductive and deductive. Focusing on
relationships and commitment to others in their personal, occupational, and social lives

3. This is the art and science of teaching adults

a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Adult Learning Principles: relates learning to immediate needs; self-directed; teacher
is facilitator; learner
desires active role. Abstract thought; reasoning is both inductive and deductive

4. The teaching of older persons, accommodating the normal physical, cognitive, and
psychosocial changes
a. Pedagogy
b. Geragogy
c. Andragogy
d. Oncology
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Geragogy, referring to older adults, accommodating the normal physical, cognitive,
and psychosocial changes
5. In this developmental stage, there is gaining a sense of responsibility and reliability;
increased susceptibility to
social forces outside the family unit;
a. Infancy
b. Toddlerhood
c. Middle Childhood
d. Adulthood
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Having awareness of the uniqueness of special talents and qualities is significant to
middle and late childhood

6. Jean Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage is as to what counterpart development in Erikson’s

Theory?
a. Identity VS Role Confusion
b. Trust VS Mistrust
c. Initiative VS Guilt
d. Industry VS Inferiority
ANSWER: B
Rationale: (birth to 12 months)
Building trust and establishing balance between feelings of love and hate; learning to control
willful desires

7. What salient psychosocial characteristic is visible during the above mentioned developmental
stage
a. responds to step-by-step commands
b. interacts with playmates
c. routines provide sense of security
d. can build on past experiences
ANSWER: C
Rationale: In Psychosocial aspect, it is aggravated by personal and external limits; routines
provide sense of security

8. Adolescence is marked by what operational stage according to Piaget

a. Identity VS. Role Confusion
b. Formal Operations Stage
c. Concrete Operations Stage
d. Preoperational period
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Formal Operations Stage marked by Abstract thought; propositional reasoning;
adolescent egocentrism (imaginary audience)

9. During this period, salient cognitive characteristics will include:

a. able to draw conclusions
b. intellectually can understand cause and effect
c. fears illness and disability
d. All of the above
e. A&B only
ANSWER: E
Rationale: Salient Cognitive Characteristics during the adolescent stage are able to draw
conclusions and intellectually can understand cause and effect

10. One of the following is not a role of the family in Patient Education.
a. Family is one of the most important variables influencing patient outcomes
b. The nurse educator and family should be allies
c. It is important to choose the most appropriate caregiver to receive information
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
ANSWER: E
Rationale: Role of Family in Patient Education
• Family is one of the most important variables influencing patient outcomes.
• The nurse educator and family should be allies.
• It is important to choose the most appropriate caregiver to receive information.

SESSION 6

1. This term has a manipulative or authoritative undertone that implies an attempt to control the
learner’s right to
decision-making
a. Compliance
b. Adherence
c. Nonadherence
d. Noncompliance
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Compliance is a submission or yielding to predetermined goals through regimens
prescribed or established by others. As such, this term has a manipulative or authoritative
undertone that implies an attempt to control the learner’s right to decision-making.
2. Patient CV19 refuses treatment for his kidney disease as advised by Dr. Marvin to undergo
peritonela dialysis.
This is an example of:
a. Compliance
b. Adherence
c. Nonadherence
d. Noncompliance
ANSWER: C
Rationale In nonadherence, the patient declines to follow a previously agreed-upon treatment
recommendation
This may be intentional or unintentional

3. LOCUS OF CONROL is known as an individual’s sense of personal responsibility for

behavior and extent to which motivation to act originates from self. All of the following are
considered as health locus of control (HLOC) dimensions, except one:
a. Internal
b. Chance external
c. Outer external
d. Doctors external
ANSWER: C
Rationale: LOCUS OF CONROL is an individual’s sense of personal responsibility for behavior
and extent to which motivation to act originates from self. Health locus of control (HLOC)
dimensions include the following:
× Internal
× Chance external
× Others external
× Doctors external

4. A commitment or attachment to a prescribed, predetermined regimen

a. Compliance
b. Adherence
c. Nonadherence
d. Noncompliance
ANSWER: C
Rationale: This term Adherence is a commitment or attachment to a prescribed, predetermined
regimen. This is used
interchangeably with compliance in the measurement of health outcomes.

5. There are four perspectives on compliance. Theories related to patient compliance with
healthcare regimens
include the following, except:
a. Biomedical
b. Behavioral/social learning
c. Communication (e.g., feedback loop)
d. Irrational belief
ANSWER: C
Rationale: There are four perspectives on compliance. Theories related to patient compliance
with healthcare regimens
include the following, except: Biomedical, Behavioral/social learning, Communication (e.g.,
feedback loop), Rational belief

6.This introduces opposing positions, case studies, and variable instructional presentations.
A. Attention
B. Relevance
C. Confidence
D. Satisfaction
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Attention introduces opposing positions, case studies, and variable instructional
presentations

7. This pertains to timely use of a new skill, use of rewards, praise, and self-evaluation.
A. Attention
B. Relevance
C. Confidence
D. Satisfaction
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Satsfacton pertains to tmely use of a new skill use of rewards praise and
self-evaluaton.

8. This deals with learning requirements, level of difficulty, expectations, attributions, and sense
of accomplishment
A. Attention
B. Relevance
C. Confidence
D. Satisfaction
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Confidence deals with learninn requirements level of difficulty expectatons attributons
and sense of accomplishment.

9. This capitalizes on the learners’ experiences, usefulness, needs, and personal choices.
A. Attention
B. Relevance
C. Confidence
D. Satisfaction
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Relevance capitalizes on the learners’ experiences usefulness needs and personal
choices
Situation: Motivational interviewing is a technique in which you become a helper in the change
process and express acceptance of your client. It has five basic principles.

10. This is a legitimate concern for the clinician because it is predictive of poor treatment
outcomes and lack of involvement in the therapeutic process
A. Roll with resistance
B. Express empathy
C. Avoid argumentation
D. Develop discrepancy
E. Support self-efficacy
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Roll with resistance is a legitimate concern for the clinician because it is predictive of
poor treatment outcomes and lack of involvement in the therapeutic process

11. Which model is used in health screening programs to predict preventive health behavior?
A. Health belief model
B. Health prevention model
C. Compliance
D. Motivation outcomes
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Health belief model is used in health screening programs to predict preventive health
behavior

12. Which are the primary interacting components of the health belief model?
A. Age, sex, and race
B. Individual perceptions, modifying factors, and likelihood of action
C. Sociopsychological variables, structural variables, and cues to action
D. Prevention, promotion, and maintenance interventions
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Individual perceptions, modifying factors, and likelihood of action are the primary
interacting components of the health belief model

13. What are the three facilitating or blocking factor categories that can shape motivation to
learn?
A. Values, beliefs, and emotions
B. Personal attributes, environmental influences, and learner relationship systems
C. Personality, social class, and peer pressure
D. Knowledge about diseases, advice from others, and prior experience with an illness
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Personal attributes, environmental influences, and learner relationship systems are
the three facilitating or blocking factor categories that can shape motivation to learn

14. Which is the primary model used in nursing that relates to health-promoting lifestyles?
A. Health promotion model
B. Health belief model
C. Self-actualization model
D. Self-efficacy theory
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Health promotion model is the primary model used in nursing that relates to
health-promoting lifestyles

15. Which model or theory explains behavioral change in terms of threat and coping?
A. Therapeutic alliance model
B. Health belief model
C. Health promotion model
D. Protection motivation theory
ANSWER: D
Rationale: This model or theory explains the behavioral change in terms of threat and coping.

SESSION 7

1. How does functional illiteracy best defined?

A. Difficulty reading and comprehending materials written at the fifth- to eighth-grade level
B. Lack of fundamental reading, writing, and comprehension skills needed to operate effectively
in society
C. Difficulty reading or writing below the fifth-grade level
D. Inability to speak and write with fluency, clarity, and correct grammar
ANSWER: B
Rationale: functional illiteracy best defined as lack of fundamental reading, writing, and
comprehension skills needed to
operate effectively in society

2. Illiteracy is generally interpreted as having reading skills at or below which grade level?
A. Fourth
B. Fifth
C. Seventh
D. Eighth
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Illiteracy is generally interpreted as having reading skills at or below the fourth grade
level.

3. Which is a false assumption about individuals who are illiterate or low literate?
A. Many have been found to have a normal or above normal IQ.
B. They come from very diverse backgrounds.
C. They react to complex learning situations by withdrawal or avoidance.
D. Many have reading abilities that correlate with the number of years of schooling completed.
ANSWER: D
Rationale: This is an example of false assumption about individuals who are illiterate or low
literate. Many have reading abilities that correlate with the number of years of schooling
completed.

4. Which statement about literacy in the adult population is accurate?

A. Adult illiteracy is on the rise despite public and private efforts to address the issue.
B. Literacy levels are an issue in teaching healthcare practices to patients as well as to nursing
staff populations.
C. The initiation of appropriate interventions for patients with low literacy skills has become a
subject of considerable concern by healthcare providers.
D. Government initiatives in the last two decades have raised media attention about the literacy
issue.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Adult illiteracy is on the rise despite public and private efforts to address the issue.
This statement is as
example of literacy in the adult population that is accurate.

5. A 75-year-old woman has been hospitalized for five days for treatment of ovarian cancer. She
has been a homemaker all of her adult life, raising four children and helping to care for 12
grandchildren. She has lived alone since her husband died two years ago. The primary nurse is
preparing discharge instructions for the client on self-care activities at home. The client tells the
nurse
that she completed high school but did not have the time nor interest to pursue any additional
formal education. Which is the
best approach for the nurse when educating this client?
A. Provide her with printed instructional materials commonly used on the unit for patient
education.
B. Look for clues that she may be low literate and will have trouble using the typical printed
education materials available to help her learn.
C. Assume that her readability skills are minimal and that the nurse will have to rely on
instructional tools other than written materials for teaching.
D. Test her comprehension level by asking her to recall an example of health instruction she
received on the day of admission.
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Assume that her readability skills are minimal and that the nurse will have to rely on
instructional tools other
than written materials for teaching. This is the best approach given by a nurse to educate his
client with this situation.

6. According to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Title V, health literacy is
the degree to which an individual
has the capacity to:
A. read patient education materials or make an appointment.
B. obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to
make appropriate health decisions.
C. demonstrate strong reading and writing skills.
D. understand health decisions made by healthcare providers.
ANSWER: B
Rationale: According to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Title V, health
literacy is the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process,
and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions.

7. How does comprehension best defined?

A. The ease with which written or printed information can be read
B. The degree to which individuals understand what they have read
C. The ability to read numbers and accurately pronounce printed words
D. The ability to accurately interpret the spoken word and oral instruction
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Comprehension is the degree to which individuals understand what they have read

8. Which is not a factor that correlates significantly with levels of illiteracy and low literacy in the
U.S. population?
A. A rise in the number of illegal immigrants
B. An increase in the number of older adults over 65 years of age
C. Advances in technology and the complexity of information
D. The growing number of students in public schools
ANSWER: D
Rationale: All of the above are factors that correlate significantly with levels of illiteracy and low
literacy in the U.S. population

9. The nurse should assess a client’s:

A. e-health literacy.
B. health literacy.
C. comprehension of printed materials only.
D. Both A and B, above
ANSWER: C
Rationale: The nurse should assess a client’s comprehension of printed materials only.

SESSION 8

1. A measurement tool that measures the materials written between the fifth grade and college
level
a. Flesch-Kincaid Scale
b. REALM
c. TOFHLA
d. Fry Readability Graph
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Flesch-Kincaid Scale: measures materials written between the fifth-grade and the
college level

2. This health literacy tool measures health literacy skills using actual hospital materials;
sections on reading comprehension and numeracy
a. Flesch-Kincaid Scale
b. REALM
c. TOFHLA
d. Fry Readability Graph
ANSWER: C
Rationale:TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults): measures health literacy skills
using actual hospital materials; sections on reading comprehension and numeracy

3. This comprehension test is specifically recommended for assessing medical literature with
individuals reading at sixth-grade level or above.
a. Cloze Procedure
b. OPS Procedure
c. Listening Test
d. Memory Test
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Cloze Procedure: Specifically recommended for assessing medical literature with
individuals reading at sixth-
grade level or above. Every fifth word is systematically deleted from a portion of a text, and the
reader has to fill in the
blanks with the appropriate words.

4. Here in this tool, a three minute passage at approximately the fifth-grade level is read aloud.
a. Cloze Procedure
b. OPS Procedure
c. Listening Test
d. Memory Test
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Listening Test: A three-minute passage, selected from instructional materials written
at approximately the fifth-
grade level, is read aloud, and then the listener is asked questions on key points relevant to the
content.

5. It is also necessary to simplify the readability of printed education materials. Audience

suitability usually depends
on:
a. Grade-level demand
b. Technical format
c. Concept density
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Suitability for a given audience depends on
a. Grade-level demand
b. Technical format
c. Concept density
d. Accuracy and clarity of message

6. In using techniques for writing effective health materials, we consider the following criterion,
except:
a. Write in a conversational style with an active voice, using the personal pronouns “you” and
“your.”
b. You can exceed more than 30 to 40 characters per line.
c. Define any technical or unfamiliar words in parentheses
d. Highlight important ideas or words with bold type or underlining.
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Techniques for Writing Effective Health Materials
Write in a conversational style with an active voice, using the personal pronouns “you” and
“your.”Use short words and
common vocabulary.Spell words rather than using abbreviations or acronyms. Organize
information into chunks. Use numbers and statistics only when necessary.Keep sentences and
lists short (preferably 20 words and 7 items).
Define any technical or unfamiliar words in parentheses.Use words consistently throughout
text.Avoid value judgment
words.Put the most important information first.Use advance organizers and subheadings.Limit
use of connective words.
Make the first sentence of a paragraph the topic sentence.Limit each paragraph to a single
message or action, and include only one idea per sentence.Do not exceed 30 to 40 characters
per line.Allow for plenty of white space.Keep right margins unjustified. Use design layouts that
encourage eye movement from left to right.Use color to emphasize key points and to organize
topics.Create a simple cover page.Limit length of document to cover only essential
information.Select simple type style (serif) and large font (14–16). Avoid using italics and all
CAPITALS.Highlight important ideas or words with bold type or underlining.Select non-glossy
paper and color that contrasts with typeface.Use bold line drawings and simple diagrams.
Include summary section using bullet points or numbered list. Determine readability by applying
two formulas.

7. This type of reading skills and health literacy test is used to determines a patient’s ability to
find and navigate
electronic health information
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: A
Rationale: eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale): determines a patient’s ability to find and navigate
electronic health information

8. A tool to tool to assess the suitability of instructional materials for a given group of learners
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: C
Rationale: SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials): tool to assess the suitability of
instructional materials for a given group of learners.
9. The interest in the literacy problem has escalated tremendously in the last 5-10 years, and
recent survey results demonstrate that literacy, numeracy, and technology problems are still
prevalent.
a. True
b. False
c. Not sure
d. A&B only
ANSWER: A
Rationale: TRUE. Interest in the literacy problem has escalated tremendously in the last 5-10
years, and recent survey results demonstrate that literacy, numeracy, and technology problems
are still prevalent.

10. This tool identifies those at risk for low health literacy
a. eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
b. LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
c. SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
d. NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
ANSWER: D
Rationale: NVS (Newest Vital Sign): identifies those at risk for low health literacy. It is
inexpensive, takes as little as three minutes to administer.
HEALTH EDUCATION | HES 008 (SAS 1-4)

SESSION 1

1. The role of nurse as educator is deeply entrenched in the growth and development of the
profession.
a. True
b. Maybe
c. False
d. All of the above
Answer: A
Rationale: The role of nurse as educator is deeply entrenched in the growth and development of
profession.

2. At this time, nursing was first acknowledged as a unique discipline, and the responsibility for
teaching has been
recognized as an important role of nurses as care givers
a. Early 1900s
b. Mid 1800s
c. 1918
d. 1970
Answer: B
Rationale: Mid 1800s – nursing was first acknowledged as a unique discipline, the responsibility
for teaching has been
recognized as an important role of nurses as care givers.

3. She was recognized as the ultimate educator.

a. Dreeben
b. Grueninger
c. Nightingale
d. Levine
Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. Not only did she developed
the first school of nursing,
but she also devoted a large portion of her career to teaching.

4. In today’s role of the nurse as educator, he following are considered requirements, except:
a. Continuing education
b. In service programs
c. Consistent Caregiver
d. Staff Development
Answer: C
Rationale: In training the trainer, nurses as educators need to undergo the following: Continuing
nursing staff education,
in-service programs, and staff development to maintain and improve their clinical skills and
teaching abilities

5. Another very important role of the nurse as educator serving students in the practice setting
a. Trainor’sTrainer
b. Health Educator
c. Clinical Instructor
d. Health Teacher
Answer: C
Rationale: As clinical instructor, the nurse plays very important role in serving students in the
practice setting

6. During this time in history, PHN clearly understood the significance of the role of the nurse as
teacher in
preventing disease and in maintaining the health of society
a. Early 1900s
b. Mid 1800s
c. 1918
d. 1970
Answer: A
Rationale: During the Early 1900s, PHN’s role as nurse teacher clearly understood the
significance of the role of the nurse as teacher in preventing disease and in maintaining the
health of society.

7. This includes teaching with the scope of nursing practice responsibilities

a. National League of Nursing Education (NLNE)(now the National League for Nursing [NLN])
b. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
c. The Joint Commission (TJC)
d. Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)
Answer: D
Rationale: Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs) includes teaching with the scope of nursing practice
responsibilities.

8. Since 1999, nurses are always ranked number 1 in this category among 45 occupations
according to Gallup polls:
a. Norm and value
b. Ethics and culture
c. Veracity and truth
d. Honesty and ethics
Answer: D
Rationale: Since 1999, nurses to be ranked No. 1 in honesty and ethics among 45 occupations
(Gallup polls).

9. He was well known for his quest for transition toward wellness
a. Dreeben
b. Grueninger
c. Nightingale
d. Levine
Answer: B
Rationale: Grueninger (1995) made a leap towards transition for wellness. From
disease-oriented patient education
(DOPE) to prevention-oriented patient education (POPE) to ultimately become health-oriented
patient education (HOPE).

10. In this year, the Patient’s Bill of Rights was promulgated.

a. Early 1900s
b. Mid 1800s
c. 1918
d. 1970
Answer: D
Rationale: 1970- Patient’s Bill of Rights. It ensured patients’ complete and current information
concerning their diagnosis,
treatment and prognosis

SESSION 2

1. Which of the following Ethical Principles refer to personal information that is entrusted and
protected as privileged
information via a social contact, healthcare standard or code, or legal covenant.
A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality
B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
Answer: C
Rationale: Confidentiality refers to personal information that is entrusted and protected as
privileged information via a social contact, healthcare standard or code, or legal covenant. The
nurse may not disclose information acquired in a
professional capacity from a patient without the consent of the patient “unless the patient has
been the victim or subject ofa crime, the commission of which is the subject of legal proceeding
in which the nurse is a witness”

2. It is defined as “doing good” for the benefit of others.

A. Beneficence C. Justice
B. Confidentiality D. Non-maleficence
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Beneficence is defined as “doing good” for the benefit of others.
It is an adherence to critical tasks and duties contained in job descriptions; in policies,
procedures, and protocols set forth by the healthcare facility; and in standards and codes of
ethical behaviors established and promulgated by professional nursing organizations.

3. It is also known as “ truth telling” and is closely linked with informed decision making and
informed consent.
A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality
B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Veracity provided a basis in law for patient education or instruction regarding invasive
medical procedures,
including the truth regarding risks or benefits involved in these procedures.

4. Which refers to the right of self – determination:

A. Autonomy C. Confidentiality
B. Veracity D. Non-maleficence
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Autonomy is protecting the patient’s right to make choices independently.

5. Which “refers to limited class of negligent activities committed within the scope of
performance by those pursuing a
particular profession involving highly skilled and technical services”
A. Negligence C. Non-maleficence
B. Malpractice D. Justice
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Malpractice has been specifically defined also as “negligence, misconduct, or breach
of duty by a professional person that results in the injury or damage to the patient”

6. Which refers to the guiding principles of behavior;

A. Ethics C. Legal rights and duties
B. Moral D. Practiced Acts
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Ethics refers to guiding behavioral principles.

7. Which documents define a profession and were developed to protect the public from
unqualified practitioners and to
protect the professional’s title.
A. Ethics C. Legal rights and duties
B. Moral D. Practiced Acts
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Practiced Acts also describes the profession’s scope of practice, and provide
guidelines for state professional
board of nursing regarding standard for practice, entry to profession via licensure, and
disciplinary actions that can be
taken if necessary.

8. Which is an ethical belief system that stresses the importance of doing one’s duty and
following the rules.
A. Morality C. Beneficence
B. Deontology D. Non maleficence
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Deontology stresses respect for individual’s right , and one person should never be
treated merely for the benefit or well – being of another person or group.

9. Informed consent, which is a basic tenet of ethical thought, was established in the courts as
early as 1914 by:
A. Immanuel Kant C. Justice Benjamin Cardozo
B. John Stuart Mill D. American Nurses Association
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Cardozo also determined that every adult of sound mind has a right to protect his or
her own body and to determine how it shall be treated.

10. Who purported a teleological approach.

A. Immanuel Kant C. Justice Benjamin Cardozo
B. John Stuart Mill D. American Nurses Association
ANSWER: B
Rationale: John Stuart Mill, who purported a teleological approach which allows the sacrifice of
one or more individual so
that a group of people can benefit in some important way. This approach believed that given the
alternatives, choices should be made that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of
people.

11. Money realized through decreased use of costly services, shortened lengths of stay, or
fewer complications resulting
from preventive services or patient education
A. Cost Savings
B. Cost Benefit
C. Cost Recovery
D .Indirect Costs
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Cost Savings are money realized through decreased use of costly services.

12. Those that may be fixed but not necessarily directly related to a particular activity, such as
expenses of heating,
lighting, housekeeping, maintenance, etc.
A. Cost Savings
B. Cost Benefit
C. Cost Recovery
D. Indirect Costs
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Those that may be fixed but not necessarily directly related to a particular activity

13. Occurs when revenues generated are equal to or greater than expenditures
A. Cost Savings
B. Cost Benefit
C. Cost Recovery
D. Indirect Costs
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Cost Recovery Occurs when revenues generated are equal to or greater than
expenditures.

14. Those are stable and ongoing, such as salaries, mortgage, utilities, durable equipment, etc.
A. Fixed Costs
B. Cost-Benefit Analysis
C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
D. Variable Costs
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Fixed Costs are those that are stable and ongoing, such as salaries, mortgage,
utilities, durable equipment,
etc.

15. Those related to fluctuation in volume, program attendance, occupancy rates, etc.
A. Fixed Costs
B. Cost-Benefit Analysis
C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
D. Variable Costs
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Variable Costs are those related to fluctuation in volume, program attendance,
occupancy rates, etc.

SESSION 3

1. A learning that occurs as the organism responds to stimuli in the environment and is
reinforced for making a
particular response.
A. Respondent Conditioning
B. Social Constructivist Perspective
C. Gestalt Perspective
D. Operant Conditioning
Answer: D
Rationale: A reinforcer is applied after a response, strengthening the probability that the
response will be performed again
under similar conditions.

2. A Perception and the patterning of stimuli are the keys to learning, with each learner
perceiving, interpreting, and
reorganizing experiences in her/his own way.
A. Respondent Conditioning
B. Social Constructivist Perspective
C. Gestalt Perspective
D. Operant Conditioning
Answer: C
Rationale: Learning occurs through the reorganization of elements to form new insights and
understanding.Perception is
selective.
3. Also called association learning or classical/Pavlovian conditioning where learning occurs as
the organism
responds to stimulus conditions and forms associations.
A. Respondent Conditioning
B. Social Constructivist Perspective
C. Gestalt Perspective
D. Operant Conditioning
Answer: A
Rationale: A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus–unconditioned response
connection until the
neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

4. A phase in the Social Learning Theory that is influenced by vicarious reinforcement and
punishment
A. Motivational
B. Attentional
C. Retention
D. Reproduction
Answer: A
Rationale: Covert cognitive activity, consequences of behavior, and self-reinforcement and
punishment.

Identify the following terms and give their motivation:

Rationalization:

Keywords Motivation

1. Intrinsic feedback Inherent Sensory/perceptual

information with movement

2. Neuroscience Thinking, learning & Stress and learning

behavior

3. Autonomous motor Automatic, advanced level Attention, goal setting, etc

4. Psychodynamic Personality development Libido

5. Humanistc Desire to grow in positive Derived from needs

ways
SESSION 4

1. It is one of the most essential interventions that a nurse performs.

A. The role of educating others
B. The education process
C. The learning needs
D. The role of readiness to Learn
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The nurse - educator identify the information of learners’ need and consider their
readiness to learn and their
styles of learning.

2. This is the single most important person in the education process.

A. The learner
B. The teacher
C. The patience
D. The licensed
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The learner and not the teacher is the single most important person in the education
process.

3. All of the following are considered as Determinants of learning, except one:

A. Readiness to Learn
B. Learning Style
C. Learners’ best learnings
D. Learners’ feeds
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Determinants of learning consists of: What the learner needs to learn (Readiness to
Learn), Learning Style
(when the learner is receptive to learning), and how the learner best learns. Learner’s feeds is
not included in the choices
since it covers all these.

4. One of the following is not included in the determinants of learning:

A. The needs of the learner
B. The state of readiness to learn
C. The preferred learning styles for processing information.
D. The preferred needs assessment.
ANSWER: D
Rationale: To meet these challenges, the nurse educator must be aware of the various factors
that influence how well an
individual learns. The three determinants of learning that require assessment are: the needs of
the learner, the state of
readiness to learn, and the preferred learning styles for processing information.

5. This assessment will yield information that reflects the climate of the organization. What is
the organization’s
philosophy, mission, strategic plan, and goals?
a. Assess demands of the organization.
b. Risk-Taking Behavior
c. Determine availability of educational resources
d. Structured Interviews
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The educator should be familiar with standards of performance required in various
employee categories, along
with job descriptions and hospital, professional, and agency regulations

6. This criteria for prioritizing needs for information are nice to know but not essential or
required because they are not
directly related to daily activities
a. Mandatory
b. Desirable
c. Possible
d. Threatened
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Possible are those needs for information that are nice to know but not essential or
required because they are
not directly related to daily activities

7. It refers to the learner’s past experiences with learning. Before starting to teach, the educator
should assess
whether previous learning experiences have been positive or negative in overcoming problems
or accomplishing new tasks.
a. Knowledge readiness
b. Experiential readiness
c. Emotional readiness
d. Physical readiness
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Someone who has had negative experiences with learning is not likely to be
motivated or willing to take a risk
in trying to change behavior or acquire new behaviors.
 8. A list of needs can become endless and seemingly impossible to accomplish. Maslow’s
(1970) hierarchy of human
needs may help the educator prioritize identified learning needs.
a. Identify the learner
b. Prioritize needs
c. Assess demands of the organization
d. Involve members of the healthcare team
ANSWER: B
Rationale: The educator can then assist the learner to meet the most basic needs first. Learning
of other needs will be
delayed if basic needs are not attended to first and foremost.

9. This is perhaps the most common form of needs assessment to solicit the learner’s point of
view. The nurse asks the
learner direct and often predetermined questions to gather information about learning needs.
a. Structured interview
b. Risk taking behavior
c. Locust of control
d. Prioritize needs
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The nurse asks the learner direct and often predetermined questions to gather
information about learning
needs.

10. Kolb identified 4 learning styles and their corresponding characteristics. This learning is
more concerned with
abstract ideas than people.
A. ASSIMILATOR
B. CONVERGER
C. ACCOMMODATOR
D. DIVERGER
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Emphasized AC & RO: more concerned with abstract ideas than people; very good in
inductive reasoning, creating theoretical models, & integrating ideas & actively applying them;
uses logical thinking
Learning Methods: learn best through lectures, 1-to-1 instruction, & self-instruction methods w/
ample reading materials.

11. The following are preferences that reflect learning style experiences and preferences of
students, except one:
A. Visual
B. Aural
C. Read/write
D. Keen reader
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Starting point for educators and learners to discuss teaching and learning strategies.
VARK questionnaire
provides profile: Visual, Aural, Read/write, Kinesthetic.

12. In Gardner’s eight type of Intelligence, number 8 is identified in 1999 as:

a. Intrapersonal
b. Musical
c. Naturalistic
d. Linguistic
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Naturalistic loves animals, plants and nature and understands natural world, biologist
and conservationist.

13. A learning style by Kolb that stresses CE & RO: people & feeling oriented & likes to work in
groups
a. ASSIMILATOR
b. CONVERGER
c. ACCOMMODATOR
d. DIVERGER
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Learning methods: learns best through group discussions & brainstorming sessions;
considers different
perspectives & points of view when looking at a concrete situation or experience.

14. They set out to develop an instrument that would assist educators in identifying those
characteristics that allow
individuals to learn in different ways.
a. Rita and Kenneth Dunn
b. Kolb and Elb Bass
c. Bastable and Co.
d. Rick and Eva Spence
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Inventory is a self-reporting instrument that is
widely used in the
identification of how individuals prefer to function, learn, concentrate, and perform in their
educational activities. It is available in three different forms: for grades 3–5; for grades 6–12;
and in an adult version, called the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS). Dunn
and Dunn (1978) identified five basic stimuli (Figure 4–3) that affect a person’s ability to learn.

15. The following are examples of Learning Style Models and Instruments, except:
a. Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI)
b. 4MAT System
c. Gardner’s Eight Types of Intelligence
d. BARK Learning Styles
ANSWER: D
Learning Style Models and Instruments are as follows:
• Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI)
• 4MAT System
• Gardner’s Eight Types of Intelligence
• VARK Learning Styles