Jannah JC R Durwin

Internet: With the rise of Online Journals and

Books: In elementary
technology, high school Databases: College
school, students
students had access to students frequently
primarily used physical
the internet for research, utilized online academic
books for learning and
communication, and journals and databases
research. Textbooks,
accessing educational for research purposes in
storybooks, and
resources. various fields of study.
reference materials were
commonly utilized. Computers/Laptops: E-books: E-books gained
High school students popularity among college
Encyclopedias:
often used computers or students as a convenient
Encyclopedias were a
laptops for typing alternative to traditional
valuable resource for
assignments, creating printed books.
elementary students to
presentations, and
gather information on Online Learning
conducting online
various topics. Platforms: With the
research.
growth of online
Educational TV Shows:
Smartphones: education, college
Educational television
Smartphones became students had access to
programs aimed at
prevalent during this platforms offering
children were also a form
period, allowing students courses, lectures, and
of media used in
to access information on- study materials online.
elementary education to
the-go and communicate
supplement learning.
with peers and teachers.
 During my studies as a tourism student, I encountered fake news related
to popular tourist destinations being closed due to safety concerns. The news
claimed that a well-known tourist spot was shut down indefinitely due to
security issues, causing panic among travelers and tour operators. Initially, the
news seemed alarming, especially since it was shared widely on social media
platforms.

To verify the authenticity of the news, I decided to cross-check the

information with official sources such as government websites, tourism
boards, and reputable news agencies. Upon further investigation, I found no
official statements or announcements regarding the closure of the tourist
destination in question. Additionally, I noticed discrepancies in the details
provided in the fake news article, such as inaccurate dates and lack of specific
information.

Upon realizing that the news was fake, my immediate reaction was one of
concern for fellow students and travelers who might have been misled by the
misinformation. I took it upon myself to clarify the situation by sharing verified
information from reliable sources with my peers and on social media platforms. It
highlighted the importance of fact-checking and critical thinking skills when
consuming news related to tourism or any other field.
Cyberbullying is a pervasive issue in the digital age, involving the use of technology to intentionally harm
or harass others. To prevent cyberbullying, individuals can practice empathy and respect online, report
incidents to platform administrators, and educate themselves and others about safe online behavior.
Additionally, social media platforms have a responsibility to implement robust policies and technologies to
detect and address cyberbullying.
Kris Aquino is still alive. There are still There are a lot of people using Kris
some updates on her on social media Aquino’s situation as a clickbait to
that can justify that she is alive. engage on more people.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Technology Digital Health Digital Digital Digital

Access to Records
Integration Connectivity Transformati Communicati
Information
and on of on Tools
Globalization Telemedicine
Digital and Telehealth Communicatio
Industries
Global
Learning Data-Driven n Intelligent
Health E-commerce Connectivity
Decision-
Personalized Making Education and and Online Social Media
Transportation
Learning Awareness System Electric Marketplaces and
Digital Vehicles Data Networking
Global Marketing and Challenges and
Ethical Access
Collaboration Ecommerce Autonomous Economy and
Considerations Vehicles Privacy and
Monetization
Data-driven Remote work Security
Tech
Education and Ride sharing
collaboration and Mobility. Innovation Cultural and
Skills and Startups Linguistic
Cybersecurity
Development Diversity
Challenges
Challenges Income

inequality
and Digital
Divide
Regulatory
Challenges
 In the future, with more advanced tools and technology, communication and
information transfer will undergo significant transformations. The advent of
technologies like artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, and advanced
data analytics will revolutionize how we interact and share information. These
advancements will enable more personalized and immersive communication
experiences. For instance, AI-powered chatbots can enhance customer service
interactions by providing instant responses tailored to individual needs. Virtual and
augmented reality technologies will allow for more engaging and interactive
communication, making remote meetings feel more lifelike. Additionally, the use of
big data analytics will enable organizations to better understand their audiences and
tailor their messaging for maximum impact.

Beyond communication, these advanced tools and technologies will also have a
profound impact on various aspects of our lives. In healthcare, telemedicine powered
by advanced technology will improve access to medical services, especially in remote
areas. Smart home devices connected through the Internet of Things (IoT) will make
our living spaces more efficient and convenient. Moreover, advancements in
automation and robotics may transform industries, leading to changes in employment
patterns and skill requirements. Overall, the integration of advanced tools and
technology into our daily lives will bring about increased efficiency, connectivity, and
innovation across different sectors.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Ecological
Footprint

Conservation
Ecosystem

Endangered Habitat
Species
Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Tubbataha Reefs
Services Natural Park

Ecosystem Diversity Economic Value Sierra Madre

Mountain Range

Landscape Diversity Climate Change

Negros Island
Mitigation
Wildlife Trading

Climate Change

Pollution

Land Clearing and Deforestation

 Jannah JC R Durwin

The Covid-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on biodiversity through

various direct and indirect means. One of the most direct ways is the disruption of
conservation efforts and protected areas due to lockdowns and travel restrictions.
This has led to an increase in poaching and illegal logging, threatening the survival of
many ecologically important species.

In the Philippines, for instance, the pandemic has affected several endemic
species. The Palawan Forest Turtle (Siebenrockiella leytensis), a critically
endangered species, is at risk due to increased poaching for its meat and shells. The
same goes for the Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), which faces threats from
habitat loss and illegal hunting. The Hibiscus Tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus), a crucial food
source for several pollinators, has also been affected by the decrease in human
activities that usually support its propagation.

Moreover, changes in human behavior during the pandemic have led to

unintended consequences for biodiversity. For example, people spending more time
at home have reported observing more wildlife in their neighborhoods. However,
this increased presence can lead to conflicts between humans and animals,
potentially resulting in harm or even death to both parties.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Vegetables are typically low in calories and fat, making them an essential part
of a healthy diet. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, which are
crucial for maintaining good health. Most vegetables are also high in antioxidants,
which help protect the body from harmful free radicals. Common characteristics
among vegetables include their versatility in cooking methods - they can be eaten
raw, steamed, boiled, roasted, or grilled. Vegetables like leafy greens (e.g., spinach,
kale) are excellent sources of vitamins A and K; cruciferous vegetables (e.g., broccoli,
cauliflower) contain compounds that may have cancer-fighting properties; root
vegetables (e.g., carrots, potatoes) are rich in carbohydrates and essential nutrients;
bell peppers provide a significant amount of vitamin C; and tomatoes, technically a
fruit but often categorized as a vegetable, offer lycopene known for its potential
health benefits. These diverse characteristics make vegetables a vital component of a
balanced diet.
 1. United States: The United States is the largest producer of genetically modified crops
worldwide. In 2019, it had the largest area of genetically modified crops, including soybeans, corn,
cotton, and canola.

2. Brazil: Brazil is the second-largest producer of genetically modified crops. It had a

significant area of genetically modified crops, primarily soybeans and corn.

3. Canada: Canada is another major producer of genetically modified crops. It has significant
areas of genetically modified soybeans and corn.

The implications of these results can vary depending on different perspectives. Supporters of
GMOs argue that genetically modified crops can increase agricultural productivity, improve crop
resilience, and reduce the need for pesticides. They believe that GMOs have the potential to address
food security challenges and contribute to sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, critics of GMOs
raise concerns about potential environmental and health risks associated with genetically modified
crops. They argue that GMOs may have unintended consequences on ecosystems and biodiversity.
Additionally, some consumers have concerns about the long-term effects of consuming genetically
modified foods.
Jannah JC R Durwin

Enhanced Crop Yield: Several investigations have revealed that specific genetic
modified crops, like herbicide-tolerant and insectresistant Bt cotton Maize and soybeans
have helped to raise crop production and increased yield from agriculture in several areas.
For instance, GM crops, according to a 2014 metaanalysis published in the journal PLOS ONE,
raised crop yields by 22% and farmer earnings by 68% on average.

Decreased Use of Pesticides: Studies have shown that genetically modified Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-producing crops have resulted in notable decreases in the application
of chemical pesticides. A comparative study found in a 2016 study published in the journal
Science Advances decreased pesticide use by 37% on average, protecting the environment
and lowering farmers' and customers' exposure to dangerous chemicals.
 There are numerous fields of study and applications where size and weight of
materials are key considerations due to their direct impact on performance, efficiency, and
practicality. Here are some examples: Aerospace Engineering: In aerospace engineering,
minimizing the weight of aircraft and spacecraft components is crucial for achieving optimal
fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and payload capacity. Lightweight materials such as
aluminum alloys, carbon fiber composites, and titanium are preferred for their high strength-
to-weight ratios and ability to withstand the extreme conditions of space and flight.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Fields of study where size and weight considerations are crucial include aerospace
engineering, material science, and transportation design. These disciplines require an
intricate understanding of the relationship between material properties, dimensions, and
overall system performance to optimize fuel efficiency, structural integrity, and safety.

Types of Materials Used in Nanotechnology:

1. Carbon Nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical structures made of carbon

atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. They have exceptional mechanical, electrical, and
thermal properties, making them one of the most widely used materials in nanotechnology.
Carbon nanotubes can be single-walled or multi-walled, with unique properties that make
them suitable for various applications such as electronics, sensors, composites, and energy
storage.

2. Quantum Dots: Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles with unique

optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement effects. They exhibit size-
dependent behavior, allowing precise control over their optical characteristics such as
emission wavelength and intensity. Quantum dots find applications in areas like biological
imaging, displays, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes due to their tunable properties and
high stability.

3. Graphene: Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-

dimensional honeycomb lattice. It is known for its exceptional strength, conductivity, and
flexibility. Graphene has a wide range of applications in nanotechnology, including
electronics, energy storage, sensors, and composite materials. Its unique properties make it a
promising material for future technological advancements.
Semiconductor Nanoparticles: Semiconductor
Drug Delivery: Drug delivery vehicles such as
nanoparticles, commonly referred to as Quantum
nanoparticles are utilized to enhance the
dots, or QDs, are utilized in electronics solar cells,
effectiveness, precision, and security of therapeutic
light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and exhibits.
agents. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can
encapsulate medications and shield them from
Conductive Nanoparticles: Silver-like conductive
deterioration and transport them to a designated
nanoparticles Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and
destination locations inside the body.
nanoparticles are utilized as pastes and conductive
inks in printed gadgets.
Diagnostic Imaging: When employed as contrast
agents, nanoparticles several imaging techniques,
Nanocomposite: Nanoparticle-containing
such as magnetic computed tomography, and
nanocomposites used in a polymer matrix,
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) PET, CT, and
scattered in electrical connections and packaging to
Positron Emission Tomography optical
enhance electrical, mechanical, and thermal
representation.
characteristics

Nanophotonic Devices: Nanoparticles are utilized in

nanophotonic devices for signal routing, switching, and Nanomaterials for Lightweight Structures:
modulation in integrated optical circuits and photonic Nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes,
chips. graphene, and nanocomposites, are used to
develop lightweight and high-strength materials
Optical Communication: Nanoparticles are used in optical for spacecraft construction. These nanomaterials
communication systems for signal modulation,
amplification, and detection. Quantum dots, metallic
offer exceptional mechanical properties,
nanoparticles, and semiconductor nanoparticles exhibit including high tensile strength, stiffness, and
unique optical properties that make them suitable for thermal stability, while minimizing mass and
applications in photonics and telecommunications. volume. Thermal Protection Systems:
Nanoparticles are incorporated into thermal
Nanomaterials for Signal Processing: Nanomaterials, such
protection systems (TPS) to provide insulation
as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and quantum dots, are
utilized in signal processing applications for amplifying, and thermal management for spacecraft during
filtering, and modulating electrical signals. atmospheric reentry and high-temperature
environments.

Nanomaterials for Water Management: Nanoparticles Environmental Remediation: Nanoparticles are used in
are employed in water management strategies for environmental remediation technologies to remove
irrigation, water purification, and wastewater pollutants, contaminants, and hazardous substances
treatment in agriculture. Nanomaterial based from air, water, and soil. Nanomaterials, such as
membranes, filters, and adsorbents remove zerovalent iron nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and
contaminants, pathogens, and pollutants from metal oxide nanoparticles, exhibit high surface area,
irrigation water, groundwater, and agricultural runoff. reactivity, and adsorption capacity for binding and
Nanofertilizers: Nanoparticles are employed in detoxifying environmental pollutants. Water
nanofertilizers for nutrient delivery and soil Purification: Nanoparticles are employed in water
amendment to enhance plant growth, productivity, purification technologies to treat drinking water,
and nutrient uptake efficiency. Nanofertilizers contain wastewater, and industrial effluents. Nanomaterial-
nanostructured materials, such as nanoclays, based membranes, filters, and adsorbents remove
nanocomposites, and nanoscale nutrients (e.g., contaminants, pathogens, and impurities from water
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), encapsulated in through physical filtration, chemical adsorption, and
polymer matrices or coated onto carrier particles. antimicrobial action.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, holds

immense potential for revolutionizing various industries and aspects of our society. In the
future, we can expect to see significant advancements in fields such as medicine, where
nanotechnology could enable targeted drug delivery, early disease detection, and
personalized medicine. Additionally, electronics is another area where nanotechnology is
poised to make a profound impact, leading to the development of smaller, faster, and more
energy-efficient devices. Furthermore, environmental applications of nanotechnology may
help address pressing issues such as water purification, pollution control, and renewable
energy generation. As research in nanotechnology progresses and technologies mature, we
can anticipate a future where nanotech plays a pivotal role in enhancing our quality of life
and addressing global challenges.

The integration of nanotechnology into our society also raises important

considerations regarding ethics, regulation, and safety. As nanotechnology becomes more
prevalent in various products and processes, ensuring its safe use and minimizing any
potential risks will be crucial. Ethical concerns surrounding privacy, security, and equitable
access to nanotechnological advancements will need to be addressed proactively. Moreover,
establishing robust regulatory frameworks to govern the development and deployment of
nanotechnology will be essential to harness its benefits while mitigating any adverse effects.
Collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, industry stakeholders, and the public
will be vital in shaping a future where nanotechnology contributes positively to society while
upholding ethical standards and ensuring safety.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Gene Therapy is a technique that uses a gene(s)

to treat, prevent, or cure a disease or medical disorder.
Gene therapy works by adding new copies of a gene
that is broken, or by replacing a defective or missing
gene in a patient’s cells with a healthy version of that
gene. Both inherited genetic diseases (e.g., hemophilia
and sickle cell disease) and acquired disorders (e.g.,
leukemia) have been treated with gene therapy.

Gene therapy is a technique that involves altering genes

within an individual’s cells to treat or prevent disease. The
concept of gene therapy first emerged in the 1960s and 1970s,
with the first documented attempt at gene therapy occurring in
1980 by Martin Cline, who attempted to treat a patient with
beta-thalassemia by introducing modified genes into their blood
cells. However, the modern era of gene therapy began in the
late 1990s when clinical trials showed promising results for
treating genetic disorders such as severe combined
immunodeficiency (SCID). Gene therapy has since been
explored for various purposes, including treating inherited
disorders, cancer, and certain viral infections.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Although gene therapy has great promise for addressing hereditary illnesses and more
pathological disorders, its use in therapeutic settings has to be handled cautiously in order to
reduce dangers and guarantee patient security. Thorough preclinical assessment, cautious patient
selection, and tight tracking of therapy results and further safety research and efficacy are
necessary for the ethical and appropriate use of genetic treatment in medical settings.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather

patterns. While natural causes like volcanic eruptions and solar activity can
contribute, human activities have been the primary driver of climate change since
the 1800s. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas
releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, which trap heat in
the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to a warming planet. Deforestation and land-use
changes also play a role by releasing stored carbon dioxide. These human-induced
factors have caused the Earth’s surface temperature to rise significantly over the
last two centuries, resulting in various impacts such as extreme weather events,
rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss.

An urgent problem that has received a lot of attention lately is climate change. The
Earth's climate was largely stable before the industrial revolution, with only small variations
in temperature and weather patterns. But the climate has changed dramatically since fossil
fuels were widely used and because of deforestation. Seasons and weather patterns were
steady and predictable in the past, defining Earth's climate. But as a result of years of
human activity, the climate has grown more harsh and unpredictable. Increased frequency
and intensity of natural catastrophes including hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires are a
result of rising global temperatures. The Earth's climate has undoubtedly changed
significantly as a result of human activity. It is imperative that peo
 Effects of Climate Change on Dry Heat Seasons: As a result of
climate change, certain regions are experiencing more prolonged and
intense dry heat seasons. The increase in temperatures contributes to
higher evaporation rates, further drying out soils and vegetation during
these hot periods. Decreased snow cover due to warming also leads to
higher surface temperatures as snow’s reflective properties are reduced,
exacerbating drought conditions.
 Jannah JC R Durwin

Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic are two global crises that have significant
interconnections. The pandemic has led to a temporary reduction in greenhouse gas emissions due to
lockdowns, travel restrictions, and reduced industrial activities. This unintended consequence has provided a
glimpse into how human activities directly impact the environment. However, the pandemic has also
diverted attention and resources away from climate action, potentially delaying crucial measures needed to
mitigate climate change.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had both positive and negative impacts on climate change. On one
hand, the decrease in human activities during lockdowns resulted in short-term reductions in air pollution
levels and carbon emissions. This period offered an opportunity for researchers to study the direct effects of
human activities on the environment. On the other hand, the economic slowdown caused by the pandemic
has hindered long-term sustainability efforts, as governments and businesses prioritize economic recovery
over environmental concerns. Additionally, disruptions in supply chains have affected renewable energy
projects and sustainability initiatives.

Conversely, climate change can also influence the spread and impact of infectious diseases like
COVID-19. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns can alter habitats and migration patterns of
disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes, affecting disease transmission dynamics. Furthermore, extreme
weather events linked to climate change can weaken healthcare systems and infrastructure, making
communities more vulnerable to health crises like pandemics. Addressing climate change is crucial not only
for environmental sustainability but also for preventing future public health emergencies.