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Module 3 - Atoms and Molecules

The document discusses Dalton's atomic theory and differentiates between molecules of elements and compounds. It states the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory and defines atomicity. It also discusses ions, naming common cations and anions along with their valencies.

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26 views13 pages

Module 3 - Atoms and Molecules

The document discusses Dalton's atomic theory and differentiates between molecules of elements and compounds. It states the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory and defines atomicity. It also discusses ions, naming common cations and anions along with their valencies.

Uploaded by

agrawalrashmi2177
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RECAP QUESTIONS: (CHAPTER 3)

TOPICS: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS & LAW


OF CONSTANT PROPORTIONS

1. In a reaction 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products
were 2.2g of carbon dioxide, 0.9g of water and 8.2g of sodium ethanoate. Show that
these observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
2. Write the atomic mass of Carbon, Sulphur, Oxygen.
3. Symbol of Magnesium, Chlorine, Silicon, Potassium, Phosphorus, Beryllium.
Molecules of Elements
and Compounds,
Atomicity
Learning Objective:

Differentiate between Molecules of Elements and Compounds.


State the postulates of Dalton’s Atomic theory.
Molecules of Elements and Compounds
Find the ratio by mass in which the elements
are combined in the given compounds

1. NH3, CO2, H2O, SO2


CO2
12:32 3:8
NH3
14:3
H2O
2:16
1:8
SO2
32: 32
1:1
Atomicity

The number of atoms constituting a molecule is known as atomicity.


Atomicity can be monoatomic, Diatomic, triatomic, Tetraatomic, Polyatomic
Postulates in Dalton’s Atomic theory

1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms, which involve in
chemical reactions
2. Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction.
3. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties
(Contradiction: Isotopes are atoms of same element having similar atomic
number but different mass)
4. Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties
(Contradiction: Isobars are atoms of different elements that have similar
mass but different atomic number)
5. Atoms combine in ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
6. The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.
Activity:

Circle molecule of element:


H2, CO2, H2O, NH3, O2, N2, P4, CO, Cl2, O3, H2O2,
S8, Br2
Find the atomicity of:
1. Na2CO3, ZnO, NaHCO3, Mg(OH)2, Ca3(PO4)2,
(NH4)2CO3
IONS

State the names and symbols of some ions.


IONS

Ions are charged species formed by the loss or gain of electrons.


Cations are positive ion (formed by loss of electrons)
Anions are negative ions (formed by gain of electrons)
Polyatomic ions are group of atoms carrying a common charge.
The combining capacity of an element is known as its valency.
Example NaCl – the positively charged ion is Na+ and negatively charged ion is Cl-
.
Some ionic compounds

Calcium oxide – Constituting elements are Calcium and oxygen, Ratio by mass:
Magnesium sulphide – Constituting elements are _______________ and
_________________, Ratio by mass:
Sodium chloride – Constituting elements are _____________ and ____________,
Ratio by mass:
Name of Ion Symbol Valency
Hydrogen H+ 1
Lithium Li+ 1
Sodium Na+ 1
Potassium K+ 1
Copper (1) or Cuprous Cu+ 1
Zinc Zn2+ 2
Barium Ba2+ 2
Magnesium Mg2+ 2
Calcium Ca2+ 2
Copper (II) or Cupric Cu2+ 2
Ferrous or Iron (II) Fe2+ 2
Ferric or Iron (III) Fe3+ 3
Lead Pb2+ 2
Aluminium Al3+ 3
NH4 +
Ammonium 1
Name of ion Symbol Valency
Chloride Cl- 1
Bromide Br- 1
Nitride N3- 3
Sulphide S2- 2
Oxide O2- 2
Iodide I- 1
Hydroxide OH- 1
Nitrate NO3- 1
Bicarbonate/Hydrogen HCO3- 1
carbonate
Sulphite SO32- 2
Carbonate CO32- 2
Sulphate SO42- 2
Phosphate PO43- 3
Phosphite PO33- 3

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