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Mathalino Pressure Vessels

This document discusses thin-walled pressure vessels and cylindrical tanks. It provides calculations to determine stresses in vessels based on internal pressure, diameter, and wall thickness. Maximum pressures and dimensions are calculated based on stress limits. Formulas are provided for longitudinal and circumferential stresses.

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Anthon Astafiev
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292 views4 pages

Mathalino Pressure Vessels

This document discusses thin-walled pressure vessels and cylindrical tanks. It provides calculations to determine stresses in vessels based on internal pressure, diameter, and wall thickness. Maximum pressures and dimensions are calculated based on stress limits. Formulas are provided for longitudinal and circumferential stresses.

Uploaded by

Anthon Astafiev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHALINO THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS

1. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is
subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m 2. (a) Calculate the tangential and longitudinal
stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress
in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2?
D = 400 mm = 0.4 m
t = 20 mm = 0.02 m
P = 4.5 MPa
PD (4.5 MPa)(0.4 m)
(a) St = = = 45 MPa
2t 2(0.02 m)

1 1
Sl = 2 St = 2 (45 MPa) = 22.5 MPa
PD
(b) St = 2t

P(0.4 m)
120 MPa = 2(0.02 m)

P = 12 MPa
2. The wall thickness of a 4-ft diameter spherical tank is 5/16 in. Calculate the allowable
internal pressure if the stress is limited to 8000 psi.
D = 4 ft = 48 in
t = 5/16 in
S = 8000 psi
PD
S= 4t

(P)(48 in)
8000 psi = 4(5/16 in)

P = 208.33 psi

3. Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a cylindrical vessel that is to carry a gas at a
pressure of 1400 psi. The diameter of the vessel is 2 ft, and the stress is limited to 12 ksi.
P = 1400 psi
D = 2 ft = 24 in
S = 12000 psi
PD
S= 2t

(1400 psi)(24 in)


12000 psi = 2t

t = 1.4 in
4. A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel plating that has a thickness of 20 mm.
The diameter of the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its length is 2.0 m. Determine the
maximum internal pressure that can be applied if the longitudinal stress is limited to 140
MPa, and the circumferential stress is limited to 60 MPa.
t = 20 mm
D = 450 mm
l=2m
Sl = 140 MPa
St = 60 MPa
PD PD
Sl = St =
4t 2t

P(450 mm) P(450 mm)


140 MPa = 60 MPa =
4(20 mm) 2(20 mm)

P = 24.89 MPa P = 5.33 MPa


5. A water tank, 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are 1/2 in. thick. Find the
maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is limited to
6000 psi.
D = 22 ft = 264 in
t = 0.5 in
St = 6000 psi
PD γhD
St = =
2t 2t

1 ft 3
(62.4 lb/ft3 )( ) (h)(264 in)
12 in
6000 psi = 2(0.5 in)

h = 629.37 in = 52.45 ft
6. The strength of longitudinal joint in Fig. 1-17 is 33 kips/ft, whereas for the girth is 16
kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylinder tank if the internal pressure is 150
psi.

St = 33000 lb/ft
Sl = 16000 lb/ft
12 in 2
P = 150 psi ( 1 ft ) = 21600 lb/ft 2
PD PD
St = Sl =
2t 4t

(21600 lb/ft2 )(D) (21600 lb/ft2 )(D)


33000 lb/ft = 16000 lb/ft =
2 4

D = 3.06 ft = 36.72 in D = 2.96 ft = 35.52 in


7. The tank shown in Fig. P-141 is fabricated from 1/8-in steel plate. Calculate the maximum
longitudinal and circumferential stress caused by an internal pressure of 125 psi.

t = 1/8 in
p = 125 psi
D = 1.5 ft = 18 in
L = 2 ft = 24 in
8. A pipe carrying steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall thickness
of 10 mm. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one end of the pipe and a flat plate used
to cap the end. How many 40-mm-diameter bolts must be used to hold the cap on if the
allowable stress in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress? What
circumferential stress is developed in the pipe? Why is it necessary to tighten the bolt
initially, and what will happen if the steam pressure should cause the stress in the bolts to
be twice the value of the initial stress?

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