Three-Tier Architecture

Located Microsoft
@ Any PC Internet
Explorer
HTTP
Requests HTML

Located Apache Tomcat Java Server

@ Your PC App Server Pages (JSPs)

JDBC
Requests Tuples

Located Oracle
@ DBLab DB Server
Data Entry Forms
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
 JDBC
import java.sql.*;

class JdbcTest {
public static void main (String args []) throws SQLException {
// Load SQLServer driver
DriverManager.registerDriver (new
com.mssqlsever.jdbc.driver.SQLServerDriver());
// Connect to the local database
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:sqlserver://kebab.ucsd.edu:1433","scott", "tiger");
 // Query the student names
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement ();
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery ("SELECT name FROM
Student");
// Print the name out
//name is the 2nd attribute of Student
while (rset.next ())
System.out.println (rset.getString (2));

//close the result set, statement, and the connection

rset.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
 PreparedStatement Object
If you want to execute a Statement object many times, it will
normally reduce execution time to use a PreparedStatement
object instead.

PreparedStatement updateStud = conn.prepareStatement(

"UPDATE Student SET name = ? WHERE lastname LIKE
?");

updateStud.setString(1, “John”);
updateStud.setString(2, “Smith”);

updateStud.executeUpdate();
 PreparedStatement Object
the following two code fragments accomplish the same thing:
• Code Fragment 1:
String updateString = "UPDATE COFFEES SET SALES = 75
" + "WHERE COF_NAME LIKE 'Colombian'";
stmt.executeUpdate(updateString);
• Code Fragment 2:
PreparedStatement updateSales = con.prepareStatement(
"UPDATE COFFEES SET SALES = ? WHERE COF_NAME
LIKE ? "); updateSales.setInt(1, 75);
updateSales.setString(2, "Colombian");
updateSales.executeUpdate():
• int getInt(int columnIndex)
columnIndex)
Retrieves the value of the designated column in the
current row of this ResultSet object as an int in the Java
programming language.
• int getInt(String columnName)
columnName)

• String getString(int
getString(int columnIndex)
columnIndex)

• String getString(
getString(String columnName)
columnName)
Using Transactions
When a connection is created, it is in auto-
auto-commit mode. This means that
each individual SQL statement is treated as a transaction and will
will be
automatically committed right after it is executed.

conn.setAutoCommit(false);
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
....
transaction
...
con.commit();
con.setAutoCommit(true);
con.setAutoCommit(true);
Using Transactions
example

con.setAutoCommit(false);
con.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement updateSales = con.prepareStatement(
con.prepareStatement( "UPDATE
COFFEES SET SALES = ? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");
updateSales.setInt(1, 50);
updateSales.setString(2, "Colombian");
updateSales.executeUpdate();
updateSales.executeUpdate();
PreparedStatement updateTotal = con.prepareStatement(
con.prepareStatement( "UPDATE
COFFEES SET TOTAL = TOTAL + ? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");
updateTotal.setInt(1, 50);
updateTotal.setString(2, "Colombian");
updateTotal.executeUpdate();
updateTotal.executeUpdate();
con.commit();
con.setAutoCommit(true);
con.setAutoCommit(true);
Retrieving Exceptions

JDBC lets you see the warnings and exceptions generated by your
DBMS and by the Java compiler. To see exceptions, you can have a
catch block print them out. For example, the following two catch
blocks from the sample code print out a message explaining the
exception:

try {
// Code that could generate an exception goes here.
// If an exception is generated, the catch block below
// will print out information about it.
} catch(SQLException ex) {
System.err.println("SQLException: " + ex.getMessage());
}
 JSP Syntax
• Comment
– <%-- Comment --%>
• Expression
– <%= java expression %>
• Scriplet
– <% java code fragment %>
• Include
– <jsp:include page="relativeURL" />
Entry Form - First Attempt
 Entry Form - First Attempt

Menu HTML Code

<b>Data Entry Menu</b>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="courses.jsp">Courses<a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="classes.jsp">Classes<a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="students.jsp">Students<a>
</li>
</ul>
 Entry Form - First Attempt
JSP Code
<html>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<jsp:include page="menu.html" />
</td>
<td>
Open connection code
Statement code
Presentation code
Close connection code
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
 Entry Form - First Attempt
Open Connectivity Code
<%-- Set the scripting language to java and --%>
<%-- import the java.sql package --%>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.sql.*" %>

<%
try {
// Load Oracle Driver class file
DriverManager.registerDriver
(new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver());

// Make a connection to the Oracle datasource

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:oracle:thin:@feast.ucsd.edu:1521:source",
“user", “pass");
%>
 Entry Form - First Attempt
Statement Code
<%
// Create the statement
Statement statement = conn.createStatement();

// Use the statement to SELECT the student attributes

// FROM the Student table.
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery
("SELECT * FROM Student");
%>
 Entry Form - First Attempt
Presentation Code
<table>
<tr>
<th>SSN</th>
<th>First</th>
<th>Last</th>
<th>College</th>
</tr>

<%
// Iterate over the ResultSet
while ( rs.next() ) {
%>
Iteration Code
<%
}
%>
</table>
Entry Form - First Attempt
 Entry Form - First Attempt
Iteration Code
<tr>
<%-- Get the SSN, which is a number --%>
<td><%= rs.getInt("SSN") %></td>

<%-- Get the ID --%>

<td><%= rs.getString("ID") %></td>

<%-- Get the FIRSTNAME --%>

<td><%= rs.getString("FIRSTNAME") %></td>

<%-- Get the LASTNAME --%>

<td><%= rs.getString("LASTNAME") %></td>

<%-- Get the COLLEGE --%>

<td><%= rs.getString("COLLEGE") %></td>
</tr>
 Entry Form - First Attempt
Close Connectivity Code
<%
// Close the ResultSet
rs.close();

// Close the Statement

statement.close();

// Close the Connection

conn.close();

} catch (SQLException sqle) {

out.println(sqle.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
out.println(e.getMessage());
}
%>
Entry Form - Second Attempt
 Entry Form - Second Attempt
JSP Code
<html>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
Open connection code
Insertion Code
Statement code
Presentation code
Close connection code
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
 Entry Form - Second Attempt
Insertion Code
// Check if an insertion is requested
String action = request.getParameter("action");
if (action != null && action.equals("insert")) {

conn.setAutoCommit(false);

// Create the prepared statement and use it to

// INSERT the student attrs INTO the Student table.
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(
("INSERT INTO Student VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"));

pstmt.setInt(1,Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("SSN")));
pstmt.setString(2, request.getParameter("ID"));
…
pstmt.executeUpdate();

conn.commit();
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
}
 Entry Form - Second Attempt
Presentation Code
<table>
<tr>
<th>SSN</th>
<th>First</th>
<th>Last</th>
<th>College</th>
</tr>
Insert Form Code
<%
// Iterate over the ResultSet
while ( rs.next() ) {
%>
Iteration Code
<%
}
%>
</table>
 Entry Form - Second Attempt
Insert Form Code
<tr>
<form action="students.jsp" method="get">
<input type="hidden" value="insert" name="action">
<th><input value="" name="SSN" size="10"></th>
<th><input value="" name="ID" size="10"></th>
<th><input value="" name="FIRSTNAME" size="15"></th>
<th><input value="" name="LASTNAME" size="15"></th>
<th><input value="" name="COLLEGE" size="15"></th>
<th><input type="submit" value="Insert"></th>
</form>
</tr>
Entry Form - Third Attempt
 Entry Form - Third Attempt
JSP Code
<html>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
Open connection code
Insertion Code
Update Code
Delete Code
Statement code
Presentation code
Close connection code
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
 Entry Form - Third Attempt
Update Code
// Check if an update is requested
if (action != null && action.equals("update")) {

conn.setAutoCommit(false);

// Create the prepared statement and use it to

// UPDATE the student attributes in the Student table.
PreparedStatement pstatement = conn.prepareStatement(
"UPDATE Student SET ID = ?, FIRSTNAME = ?, " +
"LASTNAME = ?, COLLEGE = ? WHERE SSN = ?");

pstatement.setString(1, request.getParameter("ID"));
pstatement.setString(2, request.getParameter("FIRSTNAME"));
…
int rowCount = pstatement.executeUpdate();

conn.setAutoCommit(false);
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
}
 Entry Form - Third Attempt
Delete Code
// Check if a delete is requested
if (action != null && action.equals("delete")) {

conn.setAutoCommit(false);

// Create the prepared statement and use it to

// DELETE the student FROM the Student table.
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(
"DELETE FROM Student WHERE SSN = ?");

pstmt.setInt(1,
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("SSN")));
int rowCount = pstmt.executeUpdate();

conn.setAutoCommit(false);
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
}
 Entry Form - Third Attempt
Presentation Code
<table>
<tr>
<th>SSN</th>
<th>First</th>
<th>Last</th>
<th>College</th>
</tr>
Insert Form Code
<%
// Iterate over the ResultSet
while ( rs.next() ) {
%>
Iteration Code
<%
}
%>
</table>
 Entry Form - Third Attempt
Iteration Code
<tr>
<form action="students.jsp" method="get">
<input type="hidden" value="update" name="action">
<td><input value="<%= rs.getInt("SSN") %>" name="SSN"></td>
<td><input value="<%= rs.getString("ID") %>" name="ID"></td>
…
<td><input type="submit" value="Update"></td>
</form>
<form action="students2.jsp" method="get">
<input type="hidden" value="delete" name="action">
<input type="hidden" value="<%= rs.getInt("SSN") %>"
name="SSN">
<td><input type="submit" value="Delete"></td>
</form>
</tr>