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Tutorial 4 (ME332) : Problems On Boundary Layers: November 1, 2017

This document contains 10 problems related to boundary layer flow over flat surfaces. The problems cover concepts like the point of separation, drag ratios for different plate positions, velocity profiles within the boundary layer, momentum integral equations, boundary layer thickness calculations, and shear stress.

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41 views2 pages

Tutorial 4 (ME332) : Problems On Boundary Layers: November 1, 2017

This document contains 10 problems related to boundary layer flow over flat surfaces. The problems cover concepts like the point of separation, drag ratios for different plate positions, velocity profiles within the boundary layer, momentum integral equations, boundary layer thickness calculations, and shear stress.

Uploaded by

Maxi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 4 (ME332): Problems on Boundary Layers

November 1, 2017

∂u
1. What do you mean by the "point of separation" of a boundary layer? How will the velocity gradient ∂y and the
2
∂ u
second gradient vary at the wall within the boundary layer at the point of separation? Please show the variation
∂y 2
graphically. Here u is the velocity along the wall and y is the co-ordinate perpendicular to the wall.
2. A thin flat plate 2m long and 1m wide is placed at zero angle of attack in a low speed wind tunnel in the two
positions sketched below:
Drag on the plate in position #1
(a) For steady airflow, what is the ratio: Drag on the plate in position #2 ?
(b) For steady airflow at 10m/s, what is the total drag on the plate in position #1?
(c) If the airflow is impulsively raised from zero to 10m/s at t = 0, will the initial drag on the plate in position #1
be greater or less than the steady-state drag value calculated for part (b)?

∂u
3. Show that ∂x < 0 in a Boundary Layer (BL) over a flat surface for any pressure gradient. Hence
(a) Prove that transverse velocity (v) is always > 0 inside a BL (hence, BL is deflected away from the wall)
(b) Show that in the neighbourhood of flat surface, the transverse velocity is proportional to y 2 .
4. When a BL is formed on a flat porous surface (v|y=0 = vw ). Prove that the BL is pushed away from the flat surface
if vw > 0. However if vw < 0 then it is pulled towards it. Show that v velocity profile is non-monotonic in a BL
∂2v ∂2v
with ∂y 2 > 0 near flat surface and ∂y 2 < 0 as y → ∞.

5. Water of kinematic viscosity (ν) equal to 9.29 × 10−7 m2 s−1 is flowing steadily over a smooth flat plate at zero angle
of incidence, with a velocity of 1.524m/s. The length of the plate is 0.3048m.
(a) Calculate the thickness of the boundary layer at 0.1524m from the leading edge.
(b) Boundary layer rate of growth at 0.1524m from the leading edge.
(c) Total drag coefficient on the plate.
6. When a fluid flows over a flat surface and the flow is laminar, the boundary layer profile may be represented by
the equation: u/U∞ = 2(η) − (η)2 where η = y/δ , where y is the height within the layer and δ is the thickness of
the layer. u is the velocity within the layer and u∞ is the velocity of the main stream. Show that this distribution
satisfies the boundary conditions for the layer.
7. Use momentum integral equation and the velocity profile:
(a) u
U∞ = a + b yδ
y 2 y 3
u
= a + b yδ + c
 
(b) U∞ δ +d δ
y 2 y 3 y 4
u
= a + b yδ + c
  
(c) U∞ δ +d δ +e δ

1
(d) u
U∞ = a + c Sin(b yδ )
to evaluate the boundary-layer thickness δ, δ ∗ and θ and the surface shear stress τw for flow over a flat surface.
8. A flat plate 4 m wide and 1 m long (in the direction of flow) is immersed in kerosene at 20◦ C (ν = 2.29×10−6 m2 /s, ρ =
800kg/m3 ) flowing with an undis- turbed velocity of 0.5 m/s. Verify that the Reynolds number is less than critical
every- where, so that the flow is laminar. Calculate that the thickness of the boundary layer and the shear stress
at the center of the plate and those at the trailing edge. Show also that the total frictional drag on one side of the
plate is 1.14 N. Assume that the similarity solution holds for the entire plate.
9. Estimate the 99% boundary layer thickness on:

(a) A paper airplane wing (length 0.25m, U∞ = 1m/s)


(b) The underside of a super tanker (length = 300m, U∞ = 5m/s)
(c) An airport runway on a blustery day (length = 5km, U∞ = 10m/s)
(d) Will these estimates be accurate in each case? Explain.
10. Air at 20◦ C and 100kP a (ν = 1.5 × 10−5 m2 /s, ρ = 1.167kg/m3 ) flows over a thin plate with a free-stream velocity
of 6 m/s. At a point 15 cm from the leading edge, determine the value of y at which u/U∞ = 0.456. Also calculate
v and ∂u/∂y at this point. Use tabular data for the Blasius solution given in text book.

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