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PHYSICS GR # THERMODYNAMICS AND KTG

SECTION-I
Single Correct Answer Type 7 Q. [3 M (–1)]
1. On a hot summer day the temperature inside house is T0 and the outside temperature is T0 + DT. How
does the energy consumed by the air conditioner depend on T0 and DT ? Assume that the air conditioner
operates ideally at its maximum coefficient of performance :-

DT2 DT3 DT DT
(A) (B) 2 (C) T (D) T2
T0 T0 0 0

2. The diagram shows three isotherms and two adiabats. If the efficiency of the cycle ABCDA is h1 and
that of the cycle DCEFD is h2, then find out the efficiency of the cycle ABEFA. (The continuous lines
are isotherms and the dashed lines are adiabats).

A
B
D C
F E
V

(A) 1 – (1 – h1) ( 1 – h2 ) (B) 1 – (1 – h1) / (1 – h2 )

(C) (1 – h1) / ( 1 – h2 ) (D) 1 – (1 – h2)/( 1 – h1 )
3. Vessel A contains an ideal gas at a pressure 5 × 105 Pa and is connected with a heat source which
maintains its temperature at 300 K. Another vessel B which has four times greater inner volume contains
the same gas at a pressure 105 Pa and is connected to a heat source which maintains its temperature at
400 K. What will be the pressure of entire system if two vessels are connected by a narrow tube tap :-
(A) 105 Pa (B) 2 × 105 Pa (C) 4 × 105 Pa (D) 5 × 105 Pa
4. A vessel of volume V = 30 liters is separated into three equal parts by stationary semipermeable membrane.
The left, middle and right parts are filled with 30gms of hydrogen, 160 gms of oxygen and 70 gms of
nitrogen respectively. The left partition lets through only hydrogen while the right partition lets through
hydrogen and nitrogen. If the temperature in all is 300K the ratio of pressures in the three compartments
will be
(A) 4 : 9 : 5 (B) 1.3 : 4.5 : 2 (C) 9 : 4 : 5 (D) 2 : 1.3 : 4.5
5. Statement-1 : Experimental results indicate that the molar specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant
volume below 50 K is equal to 5/2 R, where R is the universal gas constant.
Statement-2 : A diatomic hydrogen molecule possesses three translational and two rotational degrees
of freedom at all temperatures.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Both the statements are false.

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6. A thin heavy metal plate is being bombarded by a perpendicular beam of gas particles from both sides as
shown in the figure. The solid dots are representing the molecules hitting from left side and the faint dots
are the molecules hitting from right side. The mass of these gas particles is m = 10–26 kg and velocity
before hitting is v0 = 5 m/s. Volume density of the gas particles on both sides is n = 1025 per m3. Each
beam has an area A = 1m2 and the collisions are perfectly elastic. What is the external force F (in
newton) required to move the plate with a constant velocity v = 2 m/s.

v F

(A) 8 N (B) 10 N (C) 12 N (D) 6 N

7. Consider n mole of monatomic ideal gas, which needs to be transferred from the initial state A (pA, VA,
TA) to final state B (pB = pA, VB = 2VA, TB = 2TA) as it shown on the picture. Is there such a process
leading from A to B such that the heat supplied to the gas is equal to the change in its internal energy?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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Multiple Correct Answer Type 15 Q. [4 M (–1)]

8. A bullet is fired horizontally down an open cylinder of cross-sectional area 10–2m2. When the gun is
fired, bullet is at rest and the volume between the end of cylinder and bullet is
5 × 10–4 m3, and pressure of gas in this volume is 8P0 where P0 is atmospheric pressure. Gaseous mixture
in the cylinder has g = 1.5. The bullet moves down quickly, so that no heat is transferred to the gas.
Friction between bullet and the barrel is negligible and no gas leaks around bullet. (P0 = 105 N/m2)
Closed End Open End

Bullet

L
(A) The maximum kinetic energy with which bullet can leave is 150 J
(B) The maximum kinetic energy with which bullet can leave is 250 J
(C) If bullet leaves with maximum kinetic energy, then minimum length of barrel required is
20 cm.
(D) If bullet leaves with maximum kinetic energy, then minimum length of barrel required is
10 cm.
9. A partition divides a container having insulated walls into two compartments I and II. The same gas fills
the two compartments whose initial parameters are given. The partition is a conducting wall which can
move freely without friction. Which of the following statement is/are correct, with reference to the final
equilibrium position ?
(A) The Pressure in the two compartments are equal.
3V
(B) Volume of compartment I is P,V,T 2P,2V,T
5 I II
12V
(C) Volume of compartment II is
5
5P
(D) Final pressure in compartment I is
3
10. A spherical balloon contains diatomic gas at pressure P and is placed in vacuum. It has an initial diameter
of D. The balloon is heated until its diameter becomes D2 = 2D. It is known that pressure in the balloon
is proportional to its diameter.
(A) The molar heat capacity of the gas is constant = 3.25R
(B) The temperature of the gas becomes 8 times
(C) The work done by the gas in expansion is 60pPD3
(D) The heat given to the gas is 13/3 times the work done by the gas
11. There is some oxygen gas in a vertical long enough metal cylinder above a piston of
mass m = 60 kg, and of cross section area, A = 2 dm2. The cylinder is closed at its top
and the piston hangs on a thread of length l0=11.2 dm. The initial pressure and l0
temperature of the gas are equal to the pressure and temperature outside the cylinder, p0
= 105 Pa, T0 = 273 K, respectively. The wall of the cylinder is a good heat conductor,
and the piston can move in the cylinder without friction. The piston was being held by m
external agent. When the agent releases the piston, the thread breaks. The piston moves
down and comes to rest at a new position. A
(A) The tension in string before breaking is 300 N
(B) The gas will absorb heat of 2175 ln(10/7) J from the surroundings. T0
(C) The length of air column increases approximately 1.42 times P0
(D) The pressure in the cylinder decreases approximately to 70% of initial pressure.
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12. Two adiabatic process involving an ideal gas are plotted on a P - V diagram. A and B are two points on
these curves as shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is/are true?

(A) Heat is given to system in the process AB

(B) Heat is rejected by system in the process AB
(C) Whether heat is rejected or absorbed by the system during the process AB does not depend on the
magnitude of the slope of line AB
(D) Whether heat is rejected or absorbed by the system during the process AB does not depend on the
position of the points A and B on the P - V diagram.
13. 1 mole monoatomic gas expands with temperature according to the relation V = KT2/3. If temperature
changes by 60K. Select the CORRECT statement:
(A) Heat absorbed by the monoatomic gas in the above process is 130 R.
(B) Volumetric expansion coefficient for the above process decreases as the temperature increases.
(C) The molar heat capacity remains constant with temperature.
(D) The molar heat capacity increases with the temperature.
æ 7ö æ 4ö
14. Two moles of O2 ç g = ÷ at temperature T0 and 3 moles of CO2 ç g = ÷ at temperature 2T0 are allowed
è 5ø è 3ø
to mix together in a closed adiabatic vessel. The resulting mixture finally comes in thermal equilibrium.
Then :-
23T0
(A) final temperature of the mixture is
14
31T0
(B) final temperature of the mixture is
19
14
(C) Adiabatic exponent of the mixture formed is
5
19
(D) Adiabatic exponent of the mixture formed is
14
15. The figure shows a cylinder with two pistons connected by an ideal spring and a fixed separator in the
middle. The cylinder and pistons are thermally insulated, and there is a small hole in the wall that opens
to the atmosphere. Spring constant k is unknown. The parts of the cylinder separated by the pistons
contain the same amount of the same ideal gas, and there is an electric heater on the left side. Initially,
the system is in equilibrium, the pressure in the both parts is equal to atmospheric p0 = 1.00 × 105 Pa,
temperature T = 300K, l0 =10 cm. At some point in time, the electric heater was turned on, and
it slowly transferred heat to the gas and it turned out that the left piston just touches the fixed separator
and compression in spring is 5 cm. The heat transfer was slow enough to consider the processes occurring
with the gas as quasi-static, and the friction between the cylinder walls and the pistons can be neglected.
(Take : g = 1.5, Area of piston = 100 cm2 2 = 1.4)

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(A) k = 3.6 × 104 N/m

(B) Length of right part at end of heating is 5 cm.
(C) Work done by atmosphere = 0.
(D) Temperature in left part at end of heating = 1680 K
16. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the P–V diagram. (BC and DA are isothermal)

Which of the following curves represents the same process?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

17. A reversible heat engine is designed between three reservoirs A, B and C at temperature of 200 K, 300
K and 500 K respectively. The cycle should have a work output of 200 J. It extracts an energy of 300 J
from the reservoir at 500 K.
(A) The reservoir B acts as a sink. (B) The reservoir B acts as a source.
5
(C) The heat rejected to A is 160 J. (D) The efficiency of the cycle is .
9

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18. Consider adiabatic reversible and irreversible expansion of a monoatomic ideal gas. In both the cases,
the ratio of final volume and initial volume is 8.
(A) The ratio of initial pressure and final pressure is 32 in case of reversible expansion.
(B) The ratio of initial pressure and final pressure is more than 32 in case of irreversible expansion.
(C) The ratio of initial temperature and final temperature is 4 in case of reversible expansion.
(D) The ratio of initial temperature and final temperature is less than 4 in case of irreversible expansion.
19. An electric storage battery which can exchange heat only with a constant temperature atmosphere goes
through a complete cycle of two processes. In process 1-2, 2.8 kWh of electrical work flow into the
battery while 732 kJ of heat flow out to the atmosphere. During process 2-1, 2.4 kWh of work flow out
of the battery. Choose the correct options.
(A) The heat transfer in process 2-1 is –708 kJ.
(B) The heat transfer in process 2-1 is +708 kJ.
(C) The maximum possible work in process 2-1 is 9348 kJ.
(D) If the maximum possible work were obtained in process 2-1, the heat transfer in the process is 2-1 is
zero.
20. 25
10 atoms of helium in a container of volume 27 liter are in random motion. Assume speed of atoms is
same and equal to 2 × 103 m/s. Mass of He atom is 6.65 × 10–27 kg and each collision is elastic.
(A) Pressure of the gas is 3.3 × 106 N/m2
(B) Pressure of the gas is 6.6 × 106 N/m2
(C) Number of atoms hitting wall of 1 m2 area in a second is 1.23 × 1029
(D) Number of atoms hitting wall of 1 m2 area in a second is 6.17 × 1028
21. In a cylindrical container of sufficiently large height, two easily moving pistons enclose certain amount
of same ideal gas in two chambers as shown in the figure.

The upper piston is at a height 20 cm from the bottom and lower piston is at a height 8 cm from the
bottom. The mass of each piston is m kg and cross sectional area of each piston is A m2, where
mg
= P0 and P0 is the atmospheric pressure = 1 × 105 N/m2. The cylindrical container and pistons are
A
made of conducting material. Initially the temperature of gas is 27°C and whole system is in equilibrium.
Now if the upper piston is slowly lifted by 16 cm and held in that position with the help of some external
force. As a result, the lower piston rises slowly by l cm.
(A) The value of l is 4 cm.
(B) The ratio of volume of gas in upper chamber to that of in lower chamber in final state is 2 : 1.
(C) The pressure of gas in lower chamber in final state is 2.0 × 105 N/m2.
(D) The pressure of the gas in lower chamber in final state is 4.0 × 105 N/m2.

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22. 'n' mole of Helium gas undergoes a thermodynamic process in which the molar heat capacity C of the

3RT
gas can be described as a function of the absolute temperature C =
4T0 , where R is gas constant and
T0 is the initial temperature of the Helium gas : (V0 is the initial volume)

é 3 ( T - T0 ) ù
3/2
æT ö
(A) Volume of gas as a function of temperature is given by V = V0 ç 0 ÷ exp ê ú.
èTø ë 4T 0 û

é 2 ( T - T0 ) ù
1/2
æT ö
(B) Volume of gas as a function of temperature is given by V = V0 ç 0 ÷ exp ê ú.
èTø ë 3T 0 û
(C) Work done on the system until the point at which the Helium gas reaches the minimal volume
3
is nRT0 .
8
(D) Work done on the system until the point at which the Helium gas reaches the minimal volume
3
is - nRT0 .
8
Linked Comprehension Type (1 Para × 2Q.) [3 M (-1)]
(Single Correct Answer Type)
Paragraph for Questions 23 and 24
A thermocouple is a device that uses heat from a reservoir to produce emf. It consists of two different
conductors forming junction. The mechanism is complex but we apply laws of thermodynamics to
study it.

Lets assume that electrons moving in the circuit make the working substance for the cycle. They absorb
energy from the hot reservoir, a part of the energy is used in running the fan and remaining energy is lost
to cold reservoir to complete the cycle. The efficiency is half the efficiency of carnot cycle operating
between the same temperature. The fan is using power of 1W. Neglect any resistance in the circuit &
heat losses.
23. What is the rate at which energy is extracted from hot reservoir ?
(A) 2W (B) 2.5 W (C) 5W (D) 4W
24. What is the rate at which entropy of universe is increasing ?
1 1 1 1
(A) W/K (B) W/K (C) W/K (D) W/K
300 1500 400 250

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Linked Comprehension Type (1 Para × 2 Q.) [4 M (–1)]

(Multiple Correct Answer Type)
Paragraph for Question No. 25 and 26
A very tall vertical cylinder is filled with a gas of molar mass M under isothermal conditions at temperature
T. The density and pressure of the gas at the base of the container is r0 and p0, respectively.
25. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) :-
(A) Pressure decreases with height
(B) The rate of decreases of pressure with height is a constant.
dp
(C) = – rg where r is density of the gas at a height h.
dh
RT
(D) p = r
M
26. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) if gravity is assumed to be constant throughout the container :-
(A) Both pressure and density decreases exponentially with height.
Mgh
-
(B) The variation of pressure is p = p0 e RT

Mgh
-
(C) The variation of density r = r0 e RT
(D) The molecular density decreases as one moves upwards.
Linked Comprehension Type (4 Para × 2Q.) [3 M (-1)]
(upto second decimal place)
Paragraph for Questions 27 and 28
Often thermodynamics cycles are represented by indicator diagram.
One such cycle is represented here in terms of its volume temperature
diagram. The gas is helium and number of moles is 4 moles. (Take R
25
= J/mol-K & ln2 = 0.7)
3
27. The maximum pressure (in 105 Pa) during cycle is
28. The efficiency of the cycle (in %) is :
Paragraph for Questions 29 and 30
A Thermally insulated cylindrical vessel is divided into two equal parts by a non-conducting piston that
can move without friction. At the initial moment in the left and right parts of the vessel contains one
mole of helium at the same temperature. Heat was supplied to the left side of the vessel using a heater. At
the same time, the temperature of the helium in it increased by a small amount DT. The temperature
changes by DT2 on the right side of the vessel and the amount of heat Q is transferred by the heater to the
system.

29. DT2 = xDT. Fill x in the OMR.

30. Heat given by the heater to the system is yRDT. Fill y in OMR sheet.

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Paragraph for Questions 31 and 32

A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at 5°C and delivers heat to a
reservoir at 60°C. The heat pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which takes in heat from a
reservoir at 840°C and rejects heat to the same reservoir at 60°C. The reversible heat engine also drives
a machine that absorbs 30 kW. If the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from the 5°C reservoir.
31. The rate of heat (in kW) supply from the 840°C source is :-
32. The rate of heat (in kW) rejection to the 60°C sink is :-
Paragraph for Questions 33 and 34
Water of mass 1 kg is heated at a constant pressure of 0.7 MPa. The boiling point is 273 °C. The initial
temperature of water is 0°C. The latent heat of evaporation is 2065 kJ/kg. If the final state of system is
steam, (Swater = 4200 J/kgK)
33. The change in entropy (in kJ/K) of water during temperature rise is :-
34. The charge in entropy (kJ/K) during evaporation is :-
SECTION-II
Numerical Answer Type Question 2Q.[3M(0)]
(upto second decimal place)
35. How far can I move (in cm) the piston of cross-section A1, in the device shown in figure, so that 40% of
the air enclosed remains. (The atmospheric pressure p0 = 10 N/cm2, density of liquid = 5 g/cm3,
l = 20cm, A1 = 4cm2, A2 = 1 cm2. The temperature is constant. The piston is massless and the initial
height of gas in device is 110 cm.

A1

A2

36. An empty cylinder bucket 30cm in diameter and 50cm long whose wall thickness and weight can be
considered negligible is entered open end (top) first, into water until its bottom is 4m below the surface.
What force is required to keep it submerged. Consider process to be isothermal.

SECTION-III
Numerical Grid Type (Ranging from 0 to 9) 3 Q. [4 M (0)]
37. 0.05 mole of an ideal gas undergoes a process P = 3 – 2V, where P is in atmosphere and V is in litre.
Initially volume is 1 litre and final volume is 1.2 litre. The gas is monoatomic. Find average molar heat
capacity (in J/mol K) during the process. Round off to nearest integer. (1 atm = 105 Pa, R = 25/3 J/mol K)

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38. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas performs a process whose graph in VT coordinates completely lies
on a straight line. Find the heat capacity of the gas at the point A, at which volume is V0/2 and tempera-
ture is T0/2. If the heat capacity is R/n, find the value of n. Here R is universal gas constant

39. A mole of helium in the process of expansion receives heat, its heat capacity is C = 15 J/(mol-K). Find

æ 25 ö
the change in temperature (in K) of helium in this process when it does work of 20 J. ç R = J / mol - K ÷
è 3 ø

GR # Thermodynamics and KTG ANSWER KEY

SECTION-I
Single Correct Answer Type 7 Q. [3 M (–1)]
1. Ans. (A) 2. Ans. (A) 3. Ans. (B) 4. Ans. (A) 5. Ans. (D) 6. Ans. (A)
7. Ans. (C)
Multiple Correct Answer Type 15 Q. [4 M (–1)]
8. Ans. (B, C) 9. Ans. (A,B,C,D) 10. Ans. (A,D) 11. Ans. (C,D) 12. Ans. (A,C,D)
13. Ans. (A,B,C) 14. Ans. (A, D) 15. Ans. (A, B, D) 16. Ans. (A, B)
17. Ans. (B, C, D) 18. Ans. (A, C, D) 19. Ans. (A, C, D)
20. Ans. (A, C) 21. Ans. (A, B, C) 22. Ans. (A, C)
Linked Comprehension Type (1 Para × 2Q.) [3 M (-1)]
(Single Correct Answer Type)
23. Ans. (C) 24. Ans. (A)
Linked Comprehension Type (1 Para × 2 Q.) [4 M (–1)]
(Multiple Correct Answer Type)
25. Ans. (A,C,D) 26. Ans. (A,B,C,D)
Linked Comprehension Type (4 Para × 2Q.) [3 M (-1)]
(upto second decimal place)
27. Ans. 100 28. Ans. 21.33 29. Ans. 0.25 30. Ans. 1.87 to 1.88 31. Ans. 47.50 to 48.50
32. Ans. 34.50 to 35.50 33. Ans. 2.90 to 2.92 34. Ans. 3.75 to 3.80
SECTION-II
Numerical Answer Type Question 2Q.[3M(0)]
(upto second decimal place)
35. Ans. 75.00 36. Ans. 246.00
SECTION-III
Numerical Grid Type (Ranging from 0 to 9) 3 Q. [4 M (0)]
37. Ans. 8 38. Ans. 2 39. Ans. 8

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