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188) Jainism & Buddhism - Notes

The document provides information about the origins and key beliefs of Jainism and Buddhism in India. It discusses the lives and teachings of important religious figures like Mahavira and Buddha. It also outlines the divisions, scriptures, and architecture associated with both religions.

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1K views12 pages

188) Jainism & Buddhism - Notes

The document provides information about the origins and key beliefs of Jainism and Buddhism in India. It discusses the lives and teachings of important religious figures like Mahavira and Buddha. It also outlines the divisions, scriptures, and architecture associated with both religions.

Uploaded by

jija ji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAINISM AND BUDDHISM

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Causes of Origin:

Brahminical domination: Brahmin domination; Ritual sacrifices


Agricultural economy: Trade impacted due to ritualistic sacrifices
Use of punch marked coins: coins started Trade Vaishyas
Jainism and Buddhism did not attach any importance to existing Varna system: people

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equally treated

Believed: Varnas on basis of

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occupation not by birth
Belief in Non-violence: both religion believed in Ahimsa

Mahavir and Buddha were: Kshatriya

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Great Teachers: Tirthankar Total: 24


Birth Place; Represented by
1st: Rishabh Dev : Ayodhya; Bull
23rd: Parshavnath : Varanasi; Serpent
24th: Vardhaman Mahavir (main founder) : Lion
In Vedas only two Tirthankars mentioned:
1st: Rishabha
22nd: Aristanemi

Vardhaman Mahavir

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Birth: 540 BC (approx.); Kundagram ( Vaishali; Bihar)
Death: 468 BC; Pavapuri (Biharsharif; Bihar)

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72 yrs
Moksh

Father: Siddhartha (Clan: Janathrika Kshatriya)


Mother: Trishala
Wife: Yashoda

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Daughter: Anojja Priyadarshana Jamali (husband)

1st disciple of Mahavir


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Left home at: 30 yrs Manali Gosali (Ajivika Sect)
Enlightenment: 42 yrs; under a Sal tree at Jambhikagrama Kevalin; Perfectly learned
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Kaivalya River: Rijjupalika


1st sermon: Pava Jitendriya
Basadis (meaning): Jain Monasteries

Jain Philosophy
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Moksha 3 Principles
K: Right knowledge (Samyaka Jnana)
F: Right faith (Samyaka Darshana)
C: Right conduct (Samyaka Charitra)

5 Principles of Living (Vows) Anuvratas

Ahimsa: non-violence
Satya: only speak the truth
Asteya: do not steal
Brahma-charya: sexually monogamous
Aparigraha: detach from material things, people and places

Divisions among Jains

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Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu (friend)

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Leaded: Digambara
For 1 month
Salnekhana: Boycotted
death by
fasting Karnataka (Shravanabelagola) during 1st Jain Council
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Femine in Magadha (303 BC)

When they returned, everyone was wearing white cloth


298 BC
12 Anga combined
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Leader: Sthulbhadra Leaded Shwetaambara Patronised by: Bindusara (son
of Chandragupta)
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2nd Jain Council


Vallabhi, Gujarat
Jain Literature: in Prakrit language 512 AD

Architecture
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Rock Cut Cave Temples: Odisha


Hathigumpha Caves: Odisha; Kharavela
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves: Odisha
Dilwara Jain Temple: Rajasthan (Mt. Abu)
Built by: Vastupala Brothers

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Statue of Gometeshwara/Bahubali: Karnataka; Shravanabelagola

1st Tirthankar’s son


Mahamatsyabhishek festival is celebrated here

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Patrons

Chandragupta Maurya and son Bindusara


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Bimbisara (Contemporary of Mahavir and Buddha) and son


Ajatshatru
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Gautam Buddha: belonged to Shakya Clan
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Born: 563 BC; Lumbini; Nepal
Death: 483 BC; Kushinagara
Childhood name: Siddhartha
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Father: Suddhodhana
1st Bhikkuni
Mother: Mahamaya
Step Mother: Mahaprajapati Goutami
Wife: Yashodhara
Son: Rahul
Left home at: 29 yrs
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1st teacher: Alara Kalama


2nd teacher: Udraka Ramputra
Enlightenment: Uruvella (Bodh Gaya); under a Bodhi tree
River: Niranjana
1st sermon: Sarnath; Varanasi
Kanthaka
Chariot: Channa Janma

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Mahaparinivana

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8 Fold Path: to end sufferings

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Buddhists Council Patronage Presidency
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1st: Rajgriha (400 BC/483 Ajatshatru Mahakashyapa


BC)

2nd: Vaishali (383 BC) Kalashoka Sabakami


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3rd: Patliputra (250 BC) Ashoka Moghalpura Tissa

4th: Kashmir (72 AD) Kanishka Vasumitra


Sects of Buddhism

Hinayana Mahayana Vajrayana


Did not believe in Idol Did believe in Idol Tantric Buddhism

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worship worship (Eastern)
Text: Pali Text: Sanskrit

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Bodhisattvas names: Vajrapani, Avlokitesvara, Amitabh

Buddhist Text: Pali (majorly) and Sanskrit

Tripitaka
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Sutta: Buddha’s teachings
Vinaya: Monastic courts and rules
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Abhidharma: Interpretation of Sutta


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Pali
Milindpanho Dialogue between Milinda and Nagasena

Sanskrit
Buddhacharitra: by Asvaghosha
Jataka tales: about previous births of Buddha in both human and animal forms
Terms of Buddhism

Chaitya: place of worship


Vihara: place of residence
Dhamma: Dharma
Stupa

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Stupas Belonging to 3rd Century BC and the 12th

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Largest: Kesariya (Bihar) Century AD
Dhamek: Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh)
Ramabhar: Kushinagara
Sanchi: Madhya Pradesh

Across the World


Borobudur: Java; Indonesia R
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Anda: hemispherical dome


Torana: gateway
Medhi: pedestrial path
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Buddhist Universities 8 Holy Places of Buddhism


Lumbini
Universities Built by Bodh Gaya
Nalanda Kumaragupta I Sarnath
Vikramshila Dharmapala Kushinagara
Odantpuri Gopala Rajgir
Vaishali
Shravasti
Sankasia
One Liners (MCQs)

Chaitya: Prayer hall

Lion Capital was built in First sermon of Buddha

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Bharhut Stupa located in Madhya Pradesh depucts Jataka Tales and Stories

Chethiyagiri Vihara is a Buddhist festival celebrated in Sanchi

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The rules made for Buddhist Sangha were written down in a book called “Vinaya
Pitaka”

Lord Buddha gave his first sermon on Four Novke Truth in Bodh Gaya

Ashoka: Buddha follower


Son: Mahendra
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Sent to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
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Daughter: Sanghamitra to spread Buddhism

Ashoka’s rock inscription is located in: Jogad; Odisha


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Lomas Rishi Cave constructed by Buddhist monk is in Bihar

Buddhist Cave temples and Barakar Caves is in Bihar

Birthplace of the first and fourth Jain Tirthankaras: Ayodhya


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“Jina” in Jain Philosophy means: The Conqueror


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Lion Capital, Ashokan Pillar at Sarnath
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Lomas Rishi Cave

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