Go to https://shop.elenco.

com/
consumers/snap-circuits-light.html
to download projects 84-177
and Bonus Projects 1-11!

Project 22

Copyright © 2021 by Elenco® Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced
by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.
SOURCE CODE:SCL-175V1 | REV-B | 753285 1
 Table of Contents
Basic Troubleshooting 1 DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits 13
Parts List 2-3 Advanced Troubleshooting 14-15
How to Use Snap Circuits® 4-5 Projects 1 - 83 16-42
About Your Snap Circuits® LIGHT Parts 6-8 Go to https://shop.elenco.com/
Introduction to Electricity 9 consumers/snap-circuits-light.html
to download projects 84-177
Light in Our World 10-12 and Bonus Projects 1-11!

WARNING FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH A ! SYMBOL - Moving parts. Do not touch the motor or fan during operation.
! Do not lean over the motor. Do not launch the fan at people, animals, or objects. Eye protection is recommended. !
WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD - Never connect Snap WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD -
!
Conforms to all applicable
Circuits® to the electrical outlets in your home in any way! Small parts. Not for children under 3 years. government requirements

Basic Troubleshooting WARNING: Always check your wiring

before turning on a circuit. Never leave a
keeps them at hand for reference.
This product is intended for use by adults
1. Most circuit problems are due to incorrect assembly, circuit unattended while the batteries are
and children who have attained sufficient
always double-check that your circuit exactly matches installed. Never connect additional batteries
maturity to read and follow directions and
the drawing for it. or any other power sources to your circuits.
warnings.
Discard any cracked or broken parts.
2. Be sure that parts with positive/negative markings are Never modify your parts, as doing so may
positioned as per the drawing. Adult Supervision: Because children’s
disable important safety features in them,
abilities vary so much, even with age
3. Be sure that all connections are securely snapped. and could put your child at risk of injury.
groups, adults should exercise discretion as
4. Try replacing the batteries. to which experiments are suitable and safe CAUTION: Persons who are extremely
5. If the motor spins but does not balance the fan, check (the instructions should enable supervising sensitive to flashing lights and rapidly
adults to establish the experiment’s changing colors or patterns should exercise
the black plastic piece with three prongs on the motor
suitability for the child). Make sure your caution when playing with this toy.
shaft, and replace it if it is damaged (this kit includes
child reads and follows all of the relevant CAUTION: High intensity light. Do not look
a spare). To replace, pry the broken one off the motor instructions and safety procedures, and
shaft using a screwdriver, then push the new one on. directly at white LED (D6).

6. If a fiber optics circuit isn’t working, make sure the

Batteries:
● Do not connect batteries or battery holders in
clear & black cable holders are pushed all the way
onto the LED/phototransistor, and the fiber optic cable ! parallel.
● Do not mix alkaline, standard (carbon-zinc),
is pushed into the holders as far as it will go. The cable ● Use only 1.5V “AA” type, alkaline batteries or rechargeable (nickel-cadmium) batteries.
should be standing straight up in the holders. (not included).
● Remove batteries when they are used up.
● Insert batteries with correct polarity.
ELENCO® is not responsible for parts damaged due to ● Do not short circuit the battery terminals.
● Non-rechargeable batteries should not be
incorrect wiring. ● Never throw batteries in a fire or attempt to
recharged. Rechargeable batteries should
only be charged under adult supervision, and open its outer casing.
Note: If you suspect you have damaged parts, you can follow the
Advanced Troubleshooting procedure on page 14 to determine which ones should not be recharged while in the product. ● Batteries are harmful if swallowed, so keep
need replacing. ● Do not mix old and new batteries. away from small children.

1
Parts List (Colors and styles may vary) Symbols and Numbers (page 1)
Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Call toll-free (800) 533-2441 or e-mail us at: help@
elenco.com. Customer Service • 150 Carpenter Ave. • Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A.
Qty. ID Name Symbol Part # Qty. ID Name Symbol Part #

White Light Emitting

r3 1 1-Snap Wire 6SC01 r1 D6 6SCD6
Diode (LED)

Color Light Emitting

r6 2 2-Snap Wire 6SC02 r1 D8 6SCD8
Diode (LED)

r3 3 3-Snap Wire 6SC03 r1 Egg LED Attachment 6SCEGG

r1 4 4-Snap Wire 6SC04 r1 Fiber Optic Cable 6SCFC

Fiber Optic Cable

r1 5 5-Snap Wire 6SC05 r1 6SCFCHB
Holder, black

Fiber Optic Cable

r1 6 6-Snap Wire 6SC06 r1 6SCFCHC
Holder, clear
Battery Holder - uses
r2 B1 two (2) 1.5V type “AA” 6SCB1 r1 Prismatic Film 6SCFILM
(not Included)
Base Grid Mounting Base
r1 6SCBG r1 6SCFMB
(11.0” x 7.7”) (for fiber optic tree)

Red/Green/Blue
r1 C2 0.1mF Capacitor 6SCC2 r1 6SCFRGB
Filters Set

r1 C4 100mF Capacitor 6SCC4 r1 Fiber Optic Tree 6SCFT

Red Light Emitting

r1 D1 6SCD1 r1 Jumper Wire (black) 6SCJ1
Diode (LED)

You may order additional / replacement parts at our website: www.elenco.com/replacement-parts/

2
 Parts List (Colors and styles may vary) Symbols and Numbers (page 2)
Important: If any parts are missing or damaged, DO NOT RETURN TO RETAILER. Call toll-free (800) 533-2441 or e-mail us at: help@
elenco.com. Customer Service • 150 Carpenter Ave. • Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A.
Qty. ID Name Symbol Part # Qty. ID Name Symbol Part #

r1 Jumper Wire (red) 6SCJ2 r1 R5 100kW Resistor 6SCR5

r1 M1 Motor 6SCM1 r1 RV Adjustable Resistor 6SCRV

r1 Disc Holder 6SCM1DH r1 S1 Slide Switch 6SCS1

Set of Disc Cutouts

r1 6SCM1DS r1 S2 Press Switch 6SCS2
(6 pcs. / set)

r1 Glow Fan Blade 6SCM1FG r1 SP Speaker 6SCSP

Tower LED
r1 Spare Motor Top 6SCM1T r1 6SCTOWER
Attachment

r1 Q1 PNP Transistor 6SCQ1 r1 U22 Color Organ 6SCU22

r1 Q2 NPN Transistor 6SCQ2 r1 U23 Strobe IC 6SCU23

r1 Q4 Phototransistor 6SCQ4 r1 U24 Infrared Receiver 6SCU24

r1 R1 100W Resistor 6SCR1 r1 X1 Microphone 6SCX1

r1 R3 5.1kW Resistor 6SCR3

You may order additional / replacement parts at our website: www.elenco.com/replacement-parts/

3
 How to Use Snap Circuits®
Snap Circuits® uses building blocks with snaps You need a power source to build each circuit. Usually when the motor M1 is used, the glow
to build the different electrical and electronic This is labeled B1 and requires two (2) 1.5V fan will usually be placed on it. On top of the
circuits in the projects. Each block has a “AA” batteries (not included). motor shaft is a black plastic piece (the motor
function: there are switch blocks, light blocks, top) with three little tabs. Lay the fan on the
battery blocks, different length wire blocks, black piece so the slots in its bottom “fall into
etc. These blocks are different colors and place” around the three tabs in the motor top.
have numbers on them so that you can easily If not placed properly, the fan will fall off when
identify them. The blocks you will be using are the motor starts to spin.
shown as color symbols with level numbers
next to them, allowing you to easily snap them
together to form a circuit.

For Example:
This is the switch block which is green and has
the marking S2 on it. The part symbols in this
booklet may not exactly match the appearance
of the actual parts, but will clearly identify them.

When installing a battery, be sure the spring

is compressed straight back, and not bent up, This set contains 6 pre-punched cardboard
This is a wire block which is blue and comes in down, or to one side. discs. These will be used with a strobe light
different wire lengths. A large clear plastic base grid is included with in project 46 and others. The discs may be
This one has the number 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , this kit to help keep the circuit blocks properly supplied as a single sheet; just punch them
or 6 on it depending on the length of the wire spaced. You will see evenly spaced posts that out.
connection required. the different blocks snap into. The base has To remove a disc from the holder, use your
rows labeled A-G and columns labeled 1-10. fingernail, or use a pencil to push it up from
Next to each part in every circuit drawing is beneath one of the tabs.
a small number in black. This tells you which
level the component is placed at. Place all
parts on level 1 first, then all of the parts on
There is also a 1-snap wire that is used as a
level 2, then all of the parts on level 3, etc.
spacer or for interconnection between different
layers. Some circuits use the jumper wires to make
unusual connections. Just clip them to the
metal snaps or as indicated.

4
 How to Use Snap Circuits®
This set contains three LED attachments, In some projects, the fiber optic cable will be
which can be mounted on the LED modules mounted on the LEDs (D1, D6, D8, and on
(D1, D6, D8, and on U22) to enhance their U22) or the phototransistor (Q4). This is done
light effects. The egg and tower attachments by placing the clear and black cable holders
are mounted directly on the LEDs, but the onto the LED/phototransistor, then inserting
fiber optic tree must be mounted using the the fiber optic cable all the way into the holder.
mounting base, as shown. This is described For best performance the cable should stand
in the projects. straight up in the holders, without bending
them. This is described in the projects.
Egg LED attachment
mounted to D6 Black cable holder
mounted to Q4

Egg Clear cable holder

mounted to D1

Light Tower Correct

LED attachment
mounted to D1

Fiber Optic Tree

LED attachment
mounted to D8

Incorrect

Fiber Optic Tree

LED attachment Note: While building the projects, be
mounted to U22 careful not to accidentally make a direct
connection across the battery holder (a
“short circuit”), as this may damage and/or
Fiber Optic Tree Light Tower quickly drain the batteries.

5
 About Your Snap Circuits® LIGHT Parts
(Part designs are subject to change without
notice). BATTERY HOLDER
The batteries (B1) produce an electrical voltage
BASE GRID using a chemical reaction. This “voltage” can
The base grid is a platform for mounting parts be thought of as electrical pressure, pushing
and wires. It functions like the printed circuit electricity through a circuit just like a pump
boards used in most electronic products, or like pushes water through pipes. This voltage is much
how the walls are used for mounting the electrical lower and much safer than that used in your
wiring in your home. house wiring. Using more batteries increases
the “pressure”, therefore, more electricity flows.
Glow-in-the-dark Fan

How does electricity turn the shaft in the motor?

The answer is magnetism. Electricity is closely
related to magnetism, and an electric current
flowing in a wire has a magnetic field similar to
SNAP WIRES & JUMPER WIRES that of a very, very tiny magnet. Inside the motor
The blue snap wires is a coil of wire with many loops wrapped around
are wires used to metal plates. This is called an electromagnet. If
connect components. a large electric current flows through the loops, it
They are used to will turn ordinary metal into a magnet. The motor
transport electricity and do shell also has a magnet on it. When electricity
not affect circuit performance. flows through the electromagnet, it repels from
They come in different lengths to Battery Holder (B1) the magnet on the motor shell and the shaft
allow orderly arrangement of connections spins. If the fan is on the motor shaft, then its
on the base grid.
MOTOR blades will create airflow.
The motor (M1) converts electricity into Power Contacts
The red and black mechanical motion. An electric current in the
jumper wires make motor will turn the shaft and the motor blades, Magnet
flexible connections and the fan blade if it is on the motor.
for times when using Shell
the snap wires would be
difficult. They also are used to
make connections off the base grid. Shaft
Wires transport electricity just like pipes are
used to transport water. The colorful plastic
coating protects them and prevents electricity
from getting in or out.

Motor (M1)
Electromagnet
6
 About Your Snap Circuits® LIGHT Parts
RESISTORS SLIDE & PRESS SWITCHES LEDs
Resistors “resist” the flow of electricity and are The slide & press switches (S1 & S2) connect The red, white, and color LED’s (D1, D6, &
used to control or limit the current in a circuit. (pressed or “ON”) or disconnect (not pressed or D8) are light emitting diodes, and may be
Snap Circuits® LIGHT includes 100W (R1), 5.1kW “OFF”) the wires in a circuit. When ON they have thought of as a special one-way light bulbs. In
(R3), and 100kW (R5) resistors (“k” symbolizes no effect on circuit performance. Switches turn on the “forward” direction, (indicated by the “arrow”
1,000, so R5 is really 100,000W). Materials like electricity just like a faucet turns on water from a pipe. in the symbol) electricity flows if the voltage
metal have very low resistance (<1W), while exceeds a turn-on threshold (about 1.5V for red,
materials like paper, plastic, and air have near- about 3.0V for white, and in between for other
infinite resistance. Increasing circuit resistance colors); brightness then increases. The color
reduces the flow of electricity. LED contains red, green, and blue LEDs, with a
micro-circuit controlling then. A high current will
Slide & Press burn out an LED, so the current must be limited
Switches by other components in the circuit. LED’s block
(S1 & S2) electricity in the “reverse” direction.

SPEAKER LED’s
The speaker (SP) converts (D1, D6, & D8)
electricity into sound by
making mechanical vib-
rations. These vibrations
create variations in air
pressure, which travel
across the room. You
“hear” sound when
Resistors (R1, R3, & R5)
your ears feel these
air pressure variations. CAPACITOR
Speaker (SP) The 0.1mF and 100mF capacitors (C2 & C4) can
The adjustable resistor (RV) is a 50kW resistor
but with a center tap that can be adjusted MICROPHONE store electrical pressure (voltage) for periods of
time. This storage ability allows them to block
between 200W and 50kW. The microphone (X1) is actually a resistor that stable voltage signals and pass changing ones.
changes in value when changes in air pressure Capacitors are used for filtering and delay
(sounds) apply pressure to its surface. Its circuits.
resistance typically varies between 1kW and
10kW.

Capacitors
(C2 & C4)
Adjustable Resistor (RV) Microphone (X1)

7
 About Your Snap Circuits® LIGHT Parts
The color organ (U22) contains resistors, capacitors,
TRANSISTORS The LED attachments can be used with
transistors, a tri-color LED, and integrated circuits. The any of the LEDs (red, white, color, and
The PNP & NPN transistors (Q1 & Q2) are LED in it can change colors by direct control, or in synch the color organ) to enhance the light
components that use a small electric current with an audio input signal. A schematic for it is available effects.
to control a large current, and are used in at www.elenco.com/faqs/
switching, amplifier, and buffering applications.
They are easy to miniaturize, and are the main R G B Connections:
R - red color control
building blocks of integrated circuits including
G - green color control
the microprocessor and memory circuits in OUT B - blue color control Fiber Optic Tree
computers. Egg
(+) (+) - power from batteries
INP - circuit input
IN Light
FB - feedback connection
(–) - power return to batteries Tower
IN - audio input jack
(–) FB INP
OUT - audio output jack

See projects 5, 6, 12, and 83 for The fiber optic cable carries light
examples of proper connections. between two places. The light can be
PNP & NPN Transistors (Q1 & Q2) encoded to transmit information. The
The strobe IC (U23) contains resistors, capacitors, and clear and black holders are used to
The phototransistor (Q4) is a transistor that transistors that are needed to make a strobe light circuit. attach it to circuits.
uses light to control electric current. A schematic for it is available at www.elenco.com/faqs/
Connections:
(+) (+) - power from batteries
(–) - power return to batteries
CTL NC OUT - output connection
CTL - strobe speed control
Phototransistor (Q4) NC - not used
(–) OUT Prismatic film separates light into
different colors. The red, green, & blue
See project 31 for example of
filters filter out colors.
ELECTRONIC MODULES proper connections.

The Infrared module (U24) is a miniaturized OTHER PARTS

infrared receiver circuit for remote control.
The disc holder and discs produce amazing effects when
used with the Strobe Effects circuit (project 31).

Infrared module (U24)

8
 Introduction to Electricity
What is electricity? Nobody really knows. We only know how to produce it, There are two ways of arranging parts in a circuit, in series or
understand its properties, and how to control it. Electricity is the movement of sub- in parallel. Here are examples:
atomic charged particles (called electrons) through a material due to electrical
pressure across the material, such as from a battery.

Power sources, such as batteries, push electricity through a circuit, like a pump
pushes water through pipes. Wires carry electricity, like pipes carry water. Devices
like LEDs, motors, and speakers use the energy in electricity to do things. Switches
and transistors control the flow of electricity like valves and faucets control water.
Resistors limit the flow of electricity.

The electrical pressure exerted by a battery or other power source is called

voltage and is measured in volts (V). Notice the “+” and “–” signs on the battery;
these indicate which direction the battery will “pump” the electricity.
Series Circuit
The electric current is a measure of how fast electricity is flowing in a wire, just
as the water current describes how fast water is flowing in a pipe. It is expressed
in amperes (A) or milliamps (mA, 1/1000 of an ampere).

The “power” of electricity is a measure of how fast energy is moving through a

wire. It is a combination of the voltage and current (Power = Voltage x Current). It
is expressed in watts (W).

The resistance of a component or circuit represents how much it resists the

electrical pressure (voltage) and limits the flow of electric current. The relationship
is Voltage = Current x Resistance. When the resistance increases, less current
flows. Resistance is measured in ohms (W), or kilo ohms (kW, 1000 ohms).
Parallel Circuit
Nearly all of the electricity used in our world is produced at enormous generators
driven by steam or water pressure. Wires are used to efficiently transport this
energy to homes and businesses where it is used. Motors convert the electricity Placing components in series increases the resistance; highest
back into mechanical form to drive machinery and appliances. The most important value dominates. Placing components in parallel decreases
aspect of electricity in our society is that it allows energy to be easily transported the resistance; lower value dominates.
over distances.
The parts within these series and parallel sub-circuits may be
Note that “distances” includes not just large distances but also tiny distances. Try arranged in different ways without changing what the circuit
to imagine a plumbing structure of the same complexity as the circuitry inside a does. Large circuits are made of combinations of smaller
portable radio - it would have to be large because we can’t make water pipes so series and parallel circuits.
small. Electricity allows complex designs to be made very small.

9
 Light in Our World
What would our world be like without light? You “see” when light enters your eyes. When You can’t see a beam of light traveling across
Moving and doing things in total darkness you turn on a light in a room, the light shines a room, unless something scatters the light
would be much more difficult, because on everything around it. When light shines on and some reaches your eyes. In a dusty room,
everyone would be blind. Plants rely on something, some of the light is absorbed into sometimes you can see the dust particles
sunlight for energy and would die without it. it, and the rest is reflected off. The absorbed floating in the air when sunlight hits them.
If all the plants die, then people and animals light is converted to heat, and the reflected
would have nothing to eat, and would starve. light is scattered around the room. Some of In this photograph,
Let’s hope we never have to live in a world the shining and reflected light might reach sand has been
without light. your eyes. Your brain interprets the light into tossed into the air,
your eyes, and makes the mental picture you which is illuminated
Light is energy, traveling at high speed. see. by a narrow beam of
Sunlight can warm up your skin, as can bright sunlight coming down
lights in a concert hall or playhouse. Light can into the canyon.
carry information. For example, our brains White light beam
analyze the light received in our eyes, to learn When you turn on a
what is around us. In fiber optic cables, beams light, you instantly
of light carry data between cities. Infrared light see everything. This
from a remote control can tell a TV to change happens because
to a different channel. light is very fast, and
Mental picture
travels about 186,000
Light moves as super-tiny charges, which miles a second in air.
are so full of energy they go flying off in all
directions. Light rays can bend when they pass between
different materials, such as air and water.
This happens when a material has too much Reflected light Light bends because its speed changes. The
energy, and some of the energy changes speed of light in water is only about 125,000
form. For example, a light bulb makes light miles a second.
when an electric current makes the filament
so hot that it glows. Some of the energy in The part of the pen in water
When all the light shining on something is looks distorted, because light
a burning fire escapes by changing to light. absorbed, with none reflected towards your
Our bright sun makes so much light because changes speed when entering
eyes, then you can’t see it. The object will and leaving the water.
it is basically a gigantic ball of thermonuclear appear dark. The brighter an object appears,
reactions. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) make the more light was reflected off it and into your When you look directly out a
light by converting excess electrical energy. eyes. Some materials, like air and clear glass, glass window, you can see
let light pass through them. clearly through it. When you
look through the window at
You can only see the a wide angle, you can see
moon when light from through it, but also see a
the sun bounces off it, reflection in it. When you try to look through
Light bulb Glowing Close-up Glowing and reflects to earth. the window at a really wide angle, you can’t
filament light bulb view of the white LED
filament Sun (D6) see through it at all, and only see reflections.
Try looking through a window in your home at
really wide angles.
10
 Light in Our World
When light hits a glass surface at a wide Any color of light can be made, by mixing
enough angle, all the light is reflected. Fiber different amounts of red, green, and blue
optic cables have arrays of flexible glass fibers. light. Mixing equal amounts of these colors
In these cables, light rays move through by produces white light. If you look at a TV
bouncing along the inside walls at wide angles, screen with a magnifying glass, you will see
and can travel great distances. Light moves White light beam it actually consists of tiny red, green, and blue
through the cable even if it is bent a little, but if lights, using different intensities to make all
there is a tight bend then most of the light will the colors.
be absorbed instead of reflected forward.
Translucent materials, such as the tower and This set includes several LEDs (D1, D6, D8,
Orange and in U22) with different colors. The color
egg LED attachments in this set, allow some
light to pass through but scatter it around. emitted by an LED depends on the material
used in it. LEDs are more energy-efficient
Orange reflected light
than incandescent light bulbs, can be made
smaller, and last longer.
White light can be split up into its different The LED in the color organ module (U22)
Cable slightly bent colors. This happens when light passes contains separate red, green, and blue LEDs.
between different materials, and the different The color organ can combine these colors
colors in it are bent by different amounts. You to make yellow, cyan, purple, and white, as
Light beam can see this by viewing white light through shown in project 6. The color organ does
(full strength) prismatic film, as you do in project 51. not allow you to adjust the amount of each
Cable with
Sometimes water in the air can bend sunlight color. In project 34, several colors are mixed
tight bend
by just the right amounts, and make a rainbow. together on a spinning disc.
Weak light beam Color filters allow one color to pass through,
and absorb the other colors. When you look
through a red filter, everything looks red (or
black, if there isn’t any red in what you are Red

Color looking at). This set includes red, green, and

The things around you have different colors blue filters, so try looking through them.
Magenta Yellow
because they reflect the colors that you
see, while absorbing the other colors. Light
White light beam White
produced by the sun or a light bulb is called
white light. White light is not really a color
itself, but is a mixture of all the colors seen in Red light beam Blue Green
a rainbow. Cyan
Red filter
White light shines on an orange. All colors in
the light are absorbed except orange, which
is reflected off. The reflected orange light
reaches our eyes, so we see it as having
orange color.
11
 Light in Our World
The Spectrum of Light Infrared
The light our eyes see is only part of what is around us. Visible light, infrared Infrared light is invisible light given off by
light, radio waves (including TV broadcasting and cell phones), microwaves, anything warm. Infrared is used in remote
and x-rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation. They are actually controls to control TVs and appliances.
changing electric and magnetic fields. This radiation travels like waves in Infrared is invisible, so it doesn’t disrupt
water, spreading out from where it was created. These waves all travel at the your view of the TV. Infrared doesn’t go
speed of light, but some are longer (higher wavelength) and some repeat faster through walls, so it doesn’t interfere with
(higher frequency). Together they are called the electromagnetic spectrum: devices in other rooms.
The visible colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) have different The remote control sends a stream of
infrared light pulses to the TV, encoded
with the desired commands. The infrared
light is created using an infrared light
emitting diode (LED). Infrared detectors
convert the received light to electric current,
and decode the commands. The detectors
are tuned to focus on the infrared light,
and ignore visible light. This set contains
an infrared detector (U24), which can
be activated by a TV remote control; see
projects 18 and 25 for examples.
Infrared has other uses such as night vision
wavelengths. In the right conditions white light from the sun can be separated devices help to see people and animals in
according to wavelength, producing a rainbow of color. This happens with an the dark, by looking at the heat they give
actual rainbow, and with prismatic film. off as infrared light. You probably saw this
in the movies.
Why is the sky blue? Some sunlight is scattered by tiny particles in the earth’s
atmosphere. The shorter wavelength blue light is scattered more than the Glow-in-the-dark
other colors, so the sky appears blue. At sunrise or sunset, longer wavelength Some materials can absorb light, store it for a while, and slowly release
colors like red or it back out. “Glow-in-the-dark” materials can be “charged” by bright light,
yellow are more then will slowly emit light and “glow” for a while in a dark room. The glow
visible in the sky, fan blade in this set has a glow powder mixed in the plastic.
because sunlight It’s like a slow, delayed reflection of the light.
passes through more
of the atmosphere Sound
before reaching your Sound, like light, spreads out like waves from where it was made. Sound
eyes. In space, the is variations in air pressure. You “hear” sound when your ears feel these
sky always appears air pressure variations. Sound has much longer wavelength than light,
black because there which enables sound to travel around corners. Sound can also be
is no atmosphere or thought of as a wave of vibration, and can travel through water and solid
scattering effect. objects. Sound travels about 1,000 feet per second in air, and about
5,000 feet per second in water.
12
 DO’s and DON’Ts of Building Circuits
After building the circuits given in this booklet, you may wish to experiment on your
own. Use the projects in this booklet as a guide, as many important design concepts Examples of SHORT CIRCUITS - NEVER DO THESE!!!
are introduced throughout them. Every circuit will include a power source (the batteries),
a resistance (which might be a resistor, capacitor, motor, integrated circuit, etc.), and Placing a 3-snap wire directly
wiring paths between them and back. You must be careful not to create “short circuits”

!
across the batteries is a
(very low-resistance paths across the batteries, see examples at right) as this will damage
components and/or quickly drain your batteries. Only connect the color organ (U22), strobe SHORT CIRCUIT.
IC (U23) and infrared module (U24) using configurations given in the projects, incorrectly
doing so may damage them. ELENCO® is not responsible for parts damaged due to NEVER
incorrect wiring.

Here are some important guidelines:

! DO!

NEVER This is also a

ALWAYS USE EYE PROTECTION WHEN EXPERIMENTING ON YOUR OWN. SHORT CIRCUIT.
DO!
ALWAYS include at least one component that will limit the current through a circuit, such
as the speaker, capacitors, ICs (which must be connected properly), motor,
microphone, phototransistor, or resistors. When the slide switch (S1) is turned on, this large circuit has a SHORT
ALWAYS use LEDs, transistors, and switches in conjunction with other components that CIRCUIT path (as shown by the arrows). The short circuit prevents any
will limit the current through them. Failure to do so will create a short circuit other portions of the circuit from ever working.
and/or damage those parts.
ALWAYS connect capacitors so that the “+” side gets the higher voltage.
ALWAYS disconnect your batteries immediately and check your wiring if something
appears to be getting hot.
ALWAYS check your wiring before turning on a circuit.
ALWAYS connect the color organ (U22), strobe IC (U23) and infrared module (U24)
using configurations given in the projects or as per the connection description
on page 8.
NEVER connect to an electrical outlet in your home in any way.

NEVER

NEVER
leave a circuit unattended when it is turned on.

touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed. ! !

For all of the projects given in this book, the parts may be arranged in different ways NEVER NEVER
without changing the circuit. For example, the order of parts connected in series or in DO! DO!
parallel does not matter — what matters is how combinations of these sub-circuits are
arranged together.

You are encouraged to tell us about new circuits you create. If they are WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD - Never connect Snap Circuits®
unique, we will post them with your name and state on our website at ↯ to the electrical outlets in your home in any way!
www.elenco.com/showcase.
Send your suggestions (with photos) to info@elenco.com.

­
Warning to Snap Circuits® owners: Do not use
Elenco provides a circuit designer so that you can make your own
®
parts from other Snap Circuits® sets with this kit.
Snap Circuits® drawings. This Microsoft® Word document can be ! Other sets use higher voltage which could damage
downloaded from www.elenco.com/for-makers. parts.

13
 Advanced Troubleshooting (Adult supervision recommended)
3. Snap wires: Use this mini-circuit to test 7. M i c r o p h o n e (X1) and
ELENCO® is not responsible for parts each of the snap wires, one at a time. The Phototransistor (Q4): Use the mini-circuit
damaged due to incorrect wiring. LED should light. from test 6 but replace the 100W resistor
with the microphone (+ on right); if blowing
If you suspect you have damaged parts, you
into the microphone does not change the
can follow this procedure to systematically
LED brightness then X1 is bad. Replace
determine which ones need replacing:
the microphone with the phototransistor
(+ on right). Waving your hand over the
(Note: Some of these tests connect an LED directly phototransistor (changing the light that
across the batteries without another component to shines on it) should change the brightness
limit the current. Normally this might damage the
LED, however Snap Circuits® LEDs have internal
4. Slide switch (S1) and Press switch (S2): of the LED or Q4 is bad.
resistors added to protect them from incorrect Use this mini-circuit; if the LED doesn’t light
wiring, and will not be damaged.) then the slide switch is bad. Replace the 8. Adjustable resistor (RV): Build project 81,
slide switch but use the red LED (D1) in place of the
1. Red LED (D1), motor (M1), speaker (SP), color LED (D8). Move the resistor control
with the press
and battery holder (B1): Place batteries lever to both sides. When set to each side,
switch to test it.
in holder. Place the red LED directly across one LED should be bright and the other off
the battery holder (LED + to battery +), it (or very dim); otherwise RV is bad.
should light. Do the same for the motor, it
should spin. “Tap” the speaker across the 9. PNP transistor (Q1): Build the mini-circuit
battery holder contacts, you should hear shown here. The red LED (D1) should only
static as it touches. If none work, then be on if the press switch (S2) is pressed. If
5. 100W (R1) and 5.1kW (R3) resistors: Use otherwise, then Q1 is damaged.
replace your batteries and repeat. If still
the mini-circuit from test 4 but replace the
bad, then the battery holder is damaged.
switch with the 100W resistor (R1); the LED
If the motor spins but does not balance the
will be bright if the resistor is good. Next
fan, check the black plastic piece with three
use the 5.1kW resistor in place of the 100W
prongs on the motor shaft, and replace it if
resistor; the LED should be much dimmer
it is damaged (this kit includes a spare). To
but still light.
replace, pry the broken one off the motor
shaft using a screwdriver, then push the 6. White LED (D6) and color LED (D8): Use
new one on. this mini circuit; if the white LED doesn’t light 10. NPN transistor (Q2): Build the mini-
then D6 is bad. Replace the white LED with circuit shown here. The red LED (D1)
2. Red & black jumper wires: Use this mini-
the color LED; it should change colors in a should only be on if the press switch
circuit to test each jumper wire, the LED
repetitive pattern, otherwise D8 is bad. (S2) is pressed. If otherwise, then Q2 is
should light.
damaged.

14
 Advanced Troubleshooting (Adult supervision recommended)
11. Strobe IC (U23) and 100kW resistor 13. 0.1mF capacitor (C2) and 100mF 15. Color organ (U22): Do project 83. If parts
(R5): Build the mini-circuit shown here, capacitor (C4): Build this circuit. There A or B do not work, U22 is damaged.
and turn on the switch (S1). The speaker should be a buzzing sound, or C2 is bad.
should make a buzzing sound or U23 is Next, replace C2 with C4; now you should
bad. Next use the 100kW resistor in place hear beeps every 5 seconds, or C4 is bad.
of the 5.1kW resistor; the sound should be The setting on RV does not matter.
a beeping sound now or R5 is bad.
1
1 2
2
2 2
2 3
2
2 1 1
1
2
2
1
3 1
1 3
1 2 2
2 2 2

1 2 1

12. Infrared module (U24): Build project

18, the remote control should turn the red
LED (D1) on; otherwise U24 is bad.

ELENCO ®

150 Carpenter Avenue

Wheeling, IL 60090 U.S.A.
Phone: (847) 541-3800
Fax: (847) 520-0085
e-mail: help@elenco.com
Website: www.elenco.com
You may order additional /
replacement parts at: www.
elenco.com/replacement-parts/

15
 Project 1 Color Light
Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next
to them on the board first. Then, assemble parts marked with a 2. Install two
(2) “AA” batteries (not included) into each of the battery holders (B1) if you
have not done so already. When installing a battery, be sure the spring
is compressed straight back, and not bent up, down, or to one side.
Battery installation should be supervised by an adult.
Turn on the slide switch (S1), and enjoy the light show from the color

+ LED (D8). For best effects, place one of the LED attachments (tower, egg,
or fiber optic tree) on the color LED, and dim the room lights. The fiber optic
tree must be used with its mounting base.

Snappy says the color

+
LED actually contains
Placement Level separate red, green, and
Numbers blue lights, with a micro-
circuit controlling them.

LED Attachments

Project 2 White Light Project 3 Red Light

Use the circuit built in project 1, Use the circuit built in project 2,
but replace the color LED (D8) but replace the white LED (D6)
with the white LED (D6). Try it with the red LED (D1). Try it with
with one of the LED attachments, one of the LED attachments,
and in a dark room. and in a dark room.

The white LED produces very bright light. The red LED is not nearly as bright as the
LEDs are this one are increasingly being other LEDs. LEDs like this one are used
used for home lighting and flashlights. They as indicators in many products in your
are more efficient than normal light bulbs. home. They are inexpensive, but don’t
produce much light.

16
 Project 4 Light Show
Snap Circuits® uses electronic blocks that snap onto
a clear plastic grid to build different circuits. These
blocks have different colors and numbers on them so

+
that you can easily identify them.
Build the circuit shown above by placing all the parts
with a black 1 next to them on the board first. Then,
assemble parts marked with a 2.
If desired, place any of the LED attachments (tower,
egg, or fiber optic tree) on any of the LEDs (red (D1),
color (D8), white (D6), or the LED on the color organ
IC (U22). Note that the fiber optic tree requires its

+
mounting base.
Turn on slide switch (S1) and enjoy the show!

+
Placement Level
Numbers All the lights in this set are LEDs - Light
Emitting Diodes. LEDs convert electrical
energy into light; the color of the light
emitted depends on the characteristics
of the material used in them.

LED Attachments
17
Project 5 Voice Light Show
Build the circuit as shown, and place one of the LED attachments (tower,
egg, or fiber optic tree) over the LED on the color organ (U22). Turn on
the switch (S1) and talk. The color organ light will follow your voice, in
tone and loudness.

Project NEW1 Light Changer

Replace the microphone (X1) with the phototransistor (“+” on top) and
vary the amount of light shining on it. The light on the color organ is
changing only if there is enough light on the phototransistor.

How does it work? The

microphone converts your
voice to an electrical signal,
which controls an electronic
counter in the color organ.
The counter controls a red-
green-blue LED.
LED Attachments

Project 6 Play the Color Organ

Build the circuit as shown, and turn on the switch (S1). Place one of the
LED attachments on the color organ (U22). Wet your fingers, and touch
them between the point marked “X”, and points marked “R”, “G”, or “B” in
the drawing. Try X with every combination of R, G, and B, including touching
them all at the same time.

The light in the color organ module is

actually red, green, and blue LEDs together.
The points marked R, G, and B control the
light for those colors. Combining red and
green makes yellow, green and blue makes
cyan, red and blue makes purple, and
combining all three colors makes white.

LED Attachments
18
 Project 7 Flying Saucer
+
Push the press switch (S2) until the motor reaches full speed, then release
it. The fan blade should rise and float through the air like a flying saucer. Be
careful not to look directly down on fan blade when it is spinning.
If the fan doesn’t fly off, then press the switch several times rapidly when it is
at full speed. The motor spins faster when the batteries are new.
The glow fan will glow in the dark. It will glow best after absorbing sunlight
for a while. The glow fan is made of plastic, so be careful not to let it get hot
enough to melt. The glow looks best in a dimly lit room.

The air is being blown down through the blade and

the motor rotation locks the fan on the shaft. When
the motor is turned off, the blade unlocks from
the shaft and is free to act as a propeller and fly
through the air. If speed of rotation is too slow, the
fan will remain on the motor shaft because it does
WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or not have enough lift to propel it.
! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

Project 8 Super Flying Saucer

+ This circuit will make the fan spin faster and fly higher than the preceding
circuit, making it easy to lose your fan.
WARNING: Elenco® Electronics Inc. is not responsible for lost or
broken fans! You may purchase replacement fans at www. snapcircuits.net.
Push the press switch (S2) until the motor reaches full speed, then release
it. The fan blade should rise and float through the air like a flying saucer. Be
careful not to look directly down on fan blade when it is spinning.

WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or

! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

19
Project 9 Super Voice Light Show
This circuit is similar to project 5, but more sensitive. Build the circuit as
shown, initially set the adjustable resisitor (RV) to the middle, and place one
of the LED attachments (tower, egg, or fiber optic tree) over the LED on
the color organ (U22). Turn on the switch (S1) and talk, or place a device
playing music near the micorphone (X1). The color organ light will follow the
sound, in tone and loudness.The speaker (SP) is used here to regulate a
transistor amplifier for the microphone, and will not make sound.

Project 10 Finger Light Show

Replace the microphone (X1) with the motor (M1). Spin the motor top
with your fingers to change the color organ light.

Project 11 Funky Show

Replace the motor with the color LED (D8) to create some interesting
effects.

LED Attachments

Project 12 Color Oscillator

Build the circuit as shown, and place one of the LED attachments (tower,
egg, or fiber optic tree) over the LED on the Color Organ (U22). Turn on the
switch (S1) and watch. The color organ light will change colors on its own.

Project 13 Slower Oscillator

Replace the 3-snap wire that is across base grid locations C2-E2 (next
to the 0.1mF capacitor (C2)) with the 100kW resistor (R5). Now the
color organ light changes more slowly.

This circuit is an oscillator;

it uses the color organ to
control itself.
LED
Attachments

20
 Project 14 Sound Maker
Build the circuit and turn on the switch (S1). You hear sound from the speaker.
Adjust the sound using the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV), and by
pushing the press switch (S2).
Note: In rare cases the circuit may not work at all settings on RV. If this
happens, move the RV lever to the side near the strobe IC, turn the slide switch
off and on to reset the circuit, and only move the RV lever over a small range.

Project 15 Strobe Light

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the speaker with the white
LED (D6). Now you have a strobe light! When S2 is pressed, the light may
be blinking so fast that it appears to be on continuously.

Project 16 Color Strobe Light

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the white LED with the color LED (D8).

Project 17 Red Light Strobe

Use the preceding circuit but replace the color LED (D8) with the red
LED (D1).

The strobe IC (U23) produces an electrical “tone”. The The color LED will not be changing colors like it does in
pitch of the “tone” is adjusted by changing how much other circuits. When the strobe IC (U23) turns the color
electricity flows into its upper-left snap, using a resistor. LED on and off, it resets the color-control microcircuit in the
The electrical tone it produces can be used to make sound color LED. Even your slowest strobe speed is too fast for
using a speaker, or to control the flash rate of an LED. the color LED.

Project 18 Infrared Detector

You need an infrared remote control for this project, such as any TV/stereo/
DVD remote control in your home.
Build the circuit and turn on the switch (S1). Point your remote control toward
the infrared module (U24) and press any button to activate the red LED (D1).
Remote
Sometimes this circuit may activate without a remote control, due to infrared
in sunlight or some room lights. If this happens, try moving to a dark room.

TV remote controls transmit a sequence of

pulses representing the TV model and the
button that was pressed. The U24 infrared
detector is just looking any infrared signal.

21
Project 19 Blinking Colors
Build the circuit as shown and turn on the slide switch (S1). The white and
color LEDs (D6 & D8) are blinking.
Push the press switch (S2). Now the red LED (D1) is blinking but the white
LED is much dimmer or off.
If you swap the locations of the red and white LEDs, then the red LED will
be blinking and the white LED will be off, and pushing the press switch may
dimly light the white LED but the red LED will hardly be affected.

Red light is easier for LEDs to produce than

white light. When the red and white LEDs are
connected in parallel (which happens when
S2 is pressed), the red LED will dominate
because it turns on more easily.

Project 20 Fiber Optics

Build the circuit as shown. Place the clear cable holder on the red LED (D1)
and the black cable holder on the phototransistor (Q4), then place the fiber
optic cable into the holders as far as it will go. For best performance the
cable should stand straight up in the holders, without bending them.
Turn on slide switch (S1) and move the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV)
around. The sound from the speaker (SP) changes as you move the lever
on RV.

This project is more exciting than it looks. The tone sounds

produced by the strobe IC (U23) are played on the speaker (SP),
even though there is no electrical connection between them.
The left half the circuit makes a coded light signal, which you see
in the red LED (D1). The right half of the circuit decodes the light
signal and plays it on the speaker. The fiber optic cable is used
to transmit the light signal between the two sides of the circuit.
There is no electrical connection between the left and right halves
of the circuit, only a light connection using fiber optics! If your fiber
optic cable was longer, the two halves of the circuit could be many
miles apart.
This circuit is an example of using fiber optic cables for
communication. Fiber optics allows information to be transmitted
across great distances at very high speeds with very low
distortion, by using light.
Clear Black
22
 Project 21 Big Circuit
Build the circuit as shown. Place either the glow fan
or the light fan on the motor (M1) shaft, so that it is
stable on the little black piece. Place the clear fiber
optic holder on the color LED (D8) and the black fiber
optic holder on the phototransistor (Q4), then insert
the fiber optic cable between them, but don’t let it lay
close to the fan on the motor. For best performance
the fiber optic cable should stand straight up in the
holders, without bending them. For best effects, place
1
one of the LED attachments over the light on the

+
color organ.
Turn on slide switch (S1). Talk into the microphone
1
(X1) and adjust the lever on the adjustable resistor
(RV) for best sound and light effects.

Push the press switch (S2) until the motor reaches

full speed, then release it. The fan will rise into the air
like a flying saucer.
“Playing the Color Organ”: Wet your fingers, and
touch them between the point marked “X”, and “R”,
“G”, or “B” in the drawing.

Clear Black

This circuit does a lot of

different things at once.

LED Attachments

WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or

! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

23
 Project 22 Super Circuit
Clear Build the circuit as shown. Place the glow fan on the motor
(M1) shaft, so that it is stable on the little black piece. Place
the clear fiber optic holder on the white LED (D6). and the
black fiber optic holder on the phototransistor (Q4), then
insert the fiber optic cable between them, but don’t let it
lay close to the fan on the motor. For best performance the
fiber optic cable should stand straight up in the holders,
without bending them. For best effects, place one of the
LED attachments over the light on the color organ, and one
on the color LED (D8).
Optional: connect a music device to the color organ (U22)
as shown, and start music on it (the color organ light will
Headphones change to the music, but you will not hear it unless you also
(optional)
connect headphones).
Music device
(optional)
Turn on slide switch (S1). A tone is heard from the speaker
(SP), and all the lights (D1, D6, D8, and on U22) are on.

+ Push the press switch (S2) until the motor reaches full
speed, then release it. The fan will rise into the air like a
flying saucer. Be careful not to look down on the fan when it
is spinning.
Black This circuit also works if you move the clear fiber optic
holder from the white LED (D6) to the color LED (D8).
WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or
! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

Project 23 Triple Strobe Light

Build this circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1). Adjust
the blink rate using the lever on the adjustable resistor
(RV), and by pushing the press switch (S2).
Note: In rare cases the circuit may not work at all settings
on RV. If this happens, move the RV lever to the side near
the strobe IC, turn the slide switch off and on to reset the
circuit, and only move the RV lever over a small range.

Project 24 Noisy Double

Strobe Light
Use the preceding circuit but replace one of the LEDs
(D1, D6, or D8) with the speaker (SP).
24
 Project 25 Audio Infrared Detector
You need an infrared remote control for this project, such as any TV/stereo/
DVD remote control in your home.
Remote Build the circuit, set the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV) all the way towards
the infrared module (U24), and turn on the switch (S1). Point your remote
control toward the infrared module and press any button to activate an alarm
sound. The lever on the adjustable resistor sets how long the alarm plays for,
but it only works over a narrow range.
Next, replace the 100W resistor (R1) with the 5.1kW resistor (R3). The alarm
sound is a little different, but the control range on RV is wider.
Sometimes this circuit may activate without a remote control, due to infrared
in sunlight or some room lights. If this happens, try moving to a dark room.

Sunlight and other light

sources emit some infrared
light, and may activate the
infrared detector. See if
you can activate it without
a remote control.

Project 26 Photo Infrared Detector

You need an infrared remote control for this project, such as any TV/stereo/
DVD remote control in your home.
Build the circuit and turn on the switch (S1). Place the mounting base
(normally used with the fiber optic tree) on the phototransistor (Q4). Set
the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV) so the red LED (D1) just turns off;
if it never turns off, move away from room lights. Point your remote control
directly into the mounting base on Q4, and press any button to activate the
Remote red LED (D1).

The phototransistor can

detect light, and infrared
light is light. The
infrared module (U24) is
designed to focus only
on infrared light.

25
Project 27 Adjustable Color Changer
Turn on the slide switch (S1) and move the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV) to
change how fast the light in the color organ (U22) changes colors.

Project 28 Audio Adjustable Color

Changer
Use the preceding circuit but replace the 5.1kW resistor (R3) with the speaker
(SP). Now you also hear the sound change as you adjust the lever on RV.
Project 29 Double Adjustable Strobe
Replace the speaker with one of the LEDs (D1, D6, or D8). The LED is a
strobe light, changing much faster than the LED in the color organ.

Here the color organ light

changes colors in sync
with the strobe IC (U23),
but at a much slower rate.

Project 30 Suspended Raindrops

Faucet Build the circuit as shown. Connect the white LED (D6) to the red & black jumper
wires. Turn on the slide switch (S1). Go to a water faucet and adjust the faucet so
water is dripping at a steady rate. Dim the room lights and hold the white LED so
it shines on the dripping water. Try to set the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV)
so that the dipping water drops appear suspended in mid-air. You may need to
adjust the drip rate on the faucet to make this work. You may get better results if
you replace the 100kW resistor (R5) with the 5.1kW resistor (R3). Also, try setting
the strobe rate to minimum and adjusting the drip rate.

26
 Project 31 Strobe Effects
Build the circuit as shown. Take the colored disc shown and install it into the disc
holder, then place the disc holder on the motor (M1). Connect the white LED (D6) to
the red & black jumper wires.
For best effects, do this in a dimly lit room. Turn on the slide switch (S1). Push the
press switch (S2) until the motor spins continuously (if it stops after you release the
press switch, replace your batteries). Hold the white LED upside down over the disc
holder so it shines on the spinning disc, and move the lever on the adjustable resistor
(RV) slowly while watching the pattern on the spinning disc.
The motor spins the disc so fast that it looks like a blur. However, as you slowly
adjust RV the pattern on the disc appears to slow down, stop, and reverse direction.
Patterns close to the disc center may be moving at different speeds, or in different
directions, from patterns farther from the center! Some patterns may become clear
while others are still blurred.
If the motor does not continue spinning after you release S2, then replace your batteries.
If it still won’t keep spinning then replace the 5.1kW resistor (R3) with a 3-snap wire.

Project 32 Slow Strobe Effects

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the 3-snap on the adjustable resistor
(RV) with the 100kW resistor (R5). The circuit works the same, but the strobe
rate is much slower (now you can see the LED flashing), so the strobe effects
are different. Slowly adjust the setting on RV as before, and watch the patterns
on the spinning disc.
Note: In rare cases the LED may not flash at all settings on RV. If this
happens, move the RV lever to the side near the strobe IC, turn the slide
switch off and on to reset the circuit, and only move the RV lever over a small
range.
Tab
Bonus for owners of other Snap Circuits® sets: If you have a second 100kW
resistor (from model SC-100 / 300 / 500 / 750 or other sets), place it directly
over the R5 that replaced the 3-snap in the above circuit (and place a 1-snap
under one side of the additional R5). Stacking the two 100kW resistors together
creates a “medium” range of strobe speeds, in between the speeds created
Tab Tab with the 3-snap and single 100kW. Adjust the RV setting and watch the strobe
Place disc holder onto Hold white LED (D6)
Slide tabs into slots. the motor as shown. over disc as shown. effects as before.
How does this work? The strobe IC is making the
OPTIONAL (Adult supervision required) white LED flash so fast that your eyes think it is on
The disc holder rests on the motor top loosely and vibrates, making the disc pattern blurry even when the RV setting makes
continuously. RV sets the flash rate, and at some
the pattern “stop”. The disc patterns will appear clearer if you permanently mount the disc holder to the motor top. This set
contains a spare motor top, which can be used for this. This requires removing the motor top from the motor whenever you settings the LED flashes are synchronized with
want to switch from using the disc holder to using the glow fan, so is optional, and requires adult supervision. speed of the patterns spinning on the disc, making
If you want Lay the spare After the glue dries, push the them appear visible instead of blurred.
to do this, motor top in modified disc holder on the
pry the the disc holder motor shaft and install a disc When the disc pattern is totally blurred, it will appear
motor top off upside down, and cutout. When you want to return as purple, orange, and light green. Combining equal
the motor bond together to using the glow fan, replace amounts of red & blue makes purple, red & yellow
shaft using a with glue (glue the motor top disc holder with
screwdriver. not included). the normal motor top.
makes orange, and yellow & blue makes green.

27
 Project 33 Stable Strobe Effects
Use the circuits from projects 31 and 32, but add the 0.1mF capacitor (C2) next to the motor, as shown
here. Set the strobe speed so the patterns are visible, and see if they look less blurred than before.

The 0.1mF capacitor has no electrical When the disc pattern is totally blurred,
effect,but it helps to hold the motor in place it appears to be white. Combining equal
better and reduce vibrations. Less motor amounts of red, green, and blue makes
vibration makes the disc holder more white. The LED in the color organ IC
stable, and so makes the patterns a little combines red, green, and blue lights to
clearer. See if you can notice a difference. make white.

Project 34 Strobe Effects (II) Project 37 Strobe Effects (V)

Replace the disc in the disc holder with the one Replace the disc in the disc holder with the one
shown here, and repeat projects 31-33. Observe the shown here, and repeat projects 31-33. Observe the
strobe effects. To remove a disc from the holder, strobe effects. This unusual pattern produces several
use your fingernail, or use a pencil to push it up from amazing displays at different RV settings.
beneath one of the tabs.

Project 35 Strobe Effects (III) Project 38 Strobe Effects (VI)

Replace the disc in the disc holder with the one shown Replace the disc in the disc holder with the one
here, and repeat projects 31-33. Observe the strobe shown here, and repeat projects 31-33. Observe the
effects. At some RV settings, the rainbow of colors strobe effects. When the disc pattern is totally blurred,
comes into view. it will appear as purple, cyan, and yellow. Combining
equal amounts of red & blue makes purple, green &
blue makes cyan, and red & green makes yellow.

Project 36 Strobe Effects (IV) Project 39 Make Your Own Strobe Effects
Replace the disc in the disc holder with the one Draw your own patterns on paper or cardboard, then cut them to the same
shown here, and repeat projects 31-33. Observe the size as our discs. You can also draw patterns on the backs of our discs.
strobe effects. With this pattern, some areas may Put them on the disc holder and repeat projects 31-33. Have a contest with
appear to be moving at different speeds or directions. your friends to see who can make the most interesting strobe effects! You
Sometimes you can see all the colors on the disc, but can also find lots of fun patterns and visual illusions by doing a search on
sometimes you can see all the colors except blue, the internet. There is no limit to what you can do!
which is hidden.

28
 Project 40 LEDs Together
Turn on the slide switch (S1), and compare the brightness of the three LEDs.
Next, remove any of the LEDs and see how the brightness of the others changes.

The voltage needed for an LED to turn on

depends on the light color. Red light needs the
least, green needs more, but blue and white
need the most. The color LED (D8) contains
red, green, and blue LEDs.
The R1 resistor reduces the voltage available to
the LEDs. The LED brightness varies because
some of the LEDs need more voltage than is
available. The red LED (D1) will dominate the
other colors because it turns on more easily.

Project 41 LEDs Together (II)

Modify the preceding circuit by moving the slide switch (S1) to the location shown
here. Compare the brightness of the LEDs. Some LEDs may not turn on.
Next, remove any of the LEDs and see how the brightness of the others changes.

This circuit reduces the voltage to the circuit,

because only one set of batteries is connected.
The limited battery voltage is split between the
R1 resistor and the LEDs. The remaining voltage
across the LEDs is enough to activate the red
LEDs, but may not be enough to activate the other
colors. With the reduced voltage, the red LED will
dominate even more than in the preceding circuit.

29
Project 42 Brightness Control
Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1). Move the lever on the
adjustable resistor (RV) to vary the brightness of the light from the white
LED (D6). If desired, you may place any of the LED attachments (tower,
egg, or fiber optic tree) on the LED.

Project 43 Resistors
Use the preceding circuit, but replace the 3-snap with one of the yellow
resistors in this set (R1, R3, or R5). Observe how each changes the
LED brightness at different settings for the adjustable resistor.

Project 44 Resistors & LEDs

Use the two preceding circuits, but replace the white LED (D6) with the
red LED (D1) or color LED (D8). Vary the adjustable resistor lever and
Resistors are used to control or limit the flow of electricity in a circuit. change the yellow resistors to see how the light varies with each LED.
Higher resistor values reduce the flow of electricity in a circuit.
In this circuit, the adjustable resistor is used to adjust the
LED brightness, to limit the current so the batteries last longer, and The R1 resistor (100W) will have little
to protect the LED from being damaged by the batteries. effect, since it will be dominated by the
What is Resistance? Take your hands and rub them together very adjustable resistor. Resistor R5 (100kW)
fast. Your hands should feel warm. The friction between your hands is a high resistance, which greatly
converts your effort into heat. Resistance is the electrical friction restricts the flow of electricity, so the
between an electric current and the material it is flowing through. LED will be very dim or off. Resistor R3
(5.1kW) will be in between those.
The adjustable resistor can be set for as low as 200W, or as high as
50,000W (50kW).

Project 45 Light Up the Fan

Build the circuit as shown, place the glow fan on the motor (M1), and turn
on the slide switch (S1). Place the circuit in a dark room and push the press
switch (S2) to spin the fan. The color LED (D8) lights up the spinning fan.

The circuit with the color LED is not

electrically connected to the circuit with the
motor. This was done because the motor
produces electrical pulses as it spins, and
these pulses can confuse the color LED.

WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or

! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

30
 Project 46 Delayed Photo
Speed Control
Turn on the switch (S1), the motor (M1) spins. As you move your hand over
the phototransistor (Q4), the motor slows. Cover the phototransistor with
your hand. The motor slows down and may stop, but will speed up in a few
seconds. Also try shining a flashlight into the phototransistor.

Project 47 Delayed Speed Control

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the 100mF capacitor (C4) with
the much smaller 0.1mF capacitor (C2). Now varying the light to the
phototransistor has only a small effect on the motor speed.
Project 48 Delayed Speed Control (II)
Use the circuit from project 46, but swap the locations of the phototransistor
(Q4) and 5.1kW resistor (R3); put “+” on Q4 towards C4. Now increasing the
light to the phototransistor slows down the motor, instead of speeding it up.

!
WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or
motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.
Project 49 Audio Delayed Speed Control
Use the circuit from project 46, but replace the phototransistor (Q4) with the
microphone (X1, “+” on top). Clap, talk loudly, or blow into the microphone to
change the motor speed.

Project 50 Persistence of Vision

Build the circuit as shown. Place the black fiber optic cable holder on the
white LED (D6) and insert the fiber cable into the black holder as far as it will
go. Turn on the slide switch (S1). Take the circuit into a dark room and wave
the cable around while watching the loose end. Try it with the lever on the
adjustable resistor (RV) at different settings. The light coming out the loose
end of the fiber optic cable will separate into short segments or dashes of light.

“Persistence of Vision” works because the

light is changing faster than your eyes can
adjust. Your eyes continue seeing what they
have just seen.
Black In a movie theater, film frames are flashed
on the screen at a fast rate (usually 24 per
second). A timing mechanism makes a light
bulb flash just as the center of the frame is
passing in front of it. Your eyes see this fast
series of flashes as a continuous movie.

31
Project 51 Prismatic Film
This is the same circuit as project 1, but you will view it differently. Turn on
the switch (S1), and view the LED through the prismatic film (the clear slide).
Prismatic film makes interesting light effects.
Replace the color LED (D8) with the white LED (D6) and red LED (D1); view
them through the prismatic film.

Project 52 Look at the Lights

View different light sources in and around your home through the
prismatic film.
Project 53 Scattering Light
Use the project 51 circuit, but view the color LED through various semi-
transparent liquids, glassware, and plastics. Juices, jello, and cloudy
glass or plastic work well.
Prismatic film separates light into
different colors. White light is a Replace the color LED with the white LED (D6). The white LED is
combination of all colors. brighter, but does not change color.
Semi-transparent materials scatter the Project 54 Color Fiber Light
light without completely blocking it, so
a wide area of the liquid or material is Use the circuit from project 51, but place the clear cable holder on the
lit up by the light. This happens in the color LED (D8), then place the fiber optic cable into the holder as far as
egg and tower LED attachments. it will go. Turn on the switch, then take the circuit into a dimly lit room
and see the light coming out the open end of the cable. The light travels
through the cable even as you bend it around.

Project 55 Blinking Beeping

Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). The color LED (D8) will be
blinking and you hear beeping from the speaker. The sound will not be very loud.

Project 56 Blinking Blinking

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the speaker with the red LED (D1).
Now the red LED will also be blinking.

The color LED (D8) has a

microcircuit that changes the
light colors. As it does this, it
changes the current through
the circuit. The transistor
(Q2) amplifies the changing
current and uses it to control
the speaker (SP). 32
 Project 57 Triple Blinker
Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). Three LEDs (D1, D6,
and D8) will be blinking.
The red and white LEDs are controlled by the color LED using the transistor
(Q2). If you remove the color LED from the circuit then the other LEDs will
not blink.

Project 58 Funny Speed Motor

Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). The color LED (D8) is
blinking and the motor (M1) spins at different speeds. Try this circuit with the
glow fan on the motor, and without the fan.
The motor is controlled by the color LED using the transistor (Q2). If you
remove the color LED from the circuit then the motor will not spin.
If desired add the red LED (D1) across points A & B (“+” to A). This adds
another blinking light.

In this circuit the color LED is

powered by one set of batteries, and
the motor is powered by different
set. This was done because the
WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or motor produces electrical pulses
! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor. as it spins, and these pulses can
confuse the color LED.
33
Project 59 Stuck On Light
Build the circuit as shown, and note that several parts are stacked over
others. Turn on the slide switch (S1); nothing happens.
Now push the press switch (S2); the white LED (D6) turns on and stays on.
The white LED will stay on until you turn off the slide switch.

Project 60 Stuck On Lights

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the 100W resistor (R1) with the
color LED (D8) or the red LED (D1).

The two transistors act

as an electronic device
called an SCR (Silicon
Controlled Rectifier). An
SCR is a three-pin device
that once its control pin
is triggered, remains
on until the current flow
through it stops.

Project 61 Funky Light & Sound

Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). The color LED (D8) is
used to control the strobe IC (U23), producing unusual effects.

Project 62 Light & Sound

Use the preceding circuit, but replace the color LED (D8) with the
100kW resistor (R5) or the 5.1kW resistor (R3).
Project 63 Light & Motion
Repeat projects 61 & 62 but replace the speaker with the motor (M1)
and glow fan (motor “+” toward S1).

WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or

! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

34
 Project 64 Blinking Step Motor
Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). The color LED (D8)
is used to control the strobe IC (U23), which turns on the motor (M1) in short
bursts.
To have 3 LEDs, place the red LED (D1) directly over the white LED (D6).

Project 65 Day Blinker Project 66 Night

Build the circuit as shown and turn Blinker
on the switch (S1). The color LED Build the circuit as shown and
(D8) is on when there is light on the turn on the switch (S1). The
phototransistor (Q4). Shine light on color LED (D8) is off when there
or cover the phototransistor to turn is light on the phototransistor
the color LED on or off. (Q4). Cover or shine light on the
phototransistor to turn the color
LED on or off.
If the color LED comes on too
easily, reduce the sensitivity by
replacing the 5.1kW resistor (R3)
with the 100kW resistor (R5).

35
 Project 67 Buzzer
Build the circuit as shown and turn on the switch (S1). Move the lever on
the adjustable resistor (RV) to vary the pitch of the buzzing sound.

Project 68 Higher Pitch Buzzer

Use the preceding circuit, but place the 5.1kW resistor directly over the
100kW resistor using a 1-snap. The pitch of the tone is higher now,
but the circuit may not make noise on all settings for the adjustable
resistor.

Project 69 Photo Light & Motion

Use the circuits from projects 67-68, but add the phototransistor (Q4)
across base grid locations B2-B4 (between RV and R1, “+” on the left),
on level 3. Vary the amount of light on the phototransistor to change
the sound, while also varying RV.

This circuit is an Project 70 Slow Light & Motion

oscillator, which Use the circuits from projects 67-68, but replace the 0.1mF capacitor
uses feedback to (C2) with the 100mF capacitor (C4), “+” to the right. Turn the switch on
control the pitch of and patiently wait. The speaker will beep and the color LED (D8) will
the sound. flash every 5-20 seconds, depending on the resistors.

Project 71 R/C Motor

You need an infrared remote control for this project, such as any TV/stereo/
DVD remote control in your home.
Build the circuit and turn on the switch (S1). Point your remote control toward
the infrared module (U24) and press any button to spin the motor (M1).
Next, remove the 100mF capacitor (C4). The circuit works the same, except
now the motor moves in small steps.
Sometimes this circuit may activate without a remote control, due to infrared
in sunlight or some room lights. If this happens, try moving to a darker room.

Remote WARNING: Moving parts. Do not touch the fan or

! motor during operation. Do not lean over the motor.

36
 Project 72 Mini Battery
Build the circuit and set the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV) towards
the 100mF capacitor (C4). Place the white LED (D6) across the points
marked B & C; the LED lights briefly as the capacitor charges. Next, place
the white LED across points A & B instead; now the LED lights briefly as
the capacitor discharges. Move the white LED back to B & C and repeat.
Use the lever on RV to vary the charge / discharge rate.

The capacitor is storing

energy like a mini battery.

Project 73 Wacky Sound Control

Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1). Vary the amount of light on
the phototransistor (Q4) and push the press switch (S2) to change the sound.

37
Project 74 Blow On the Light
Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch (S1). Set the lever on the
adjustable resistor (RV) to the top. If the white LED (D6) is on, move the lever
on RV until the LED just shuts off. Now blow on the microphone (X1) to turn
the white LED on.
The microphone is a resistor
that changes in value due to
changes in air pressure on its
surface.

Project 75 Human & Liquid Light

Build the circuit and turn on the switch (S1). Touch the metal in the jumper
wire snaps with your fingers. Use the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV)
to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit. You may see a difference in the light
brightness just by pressing the contacts harder with your fingers.
Next, place the loose ends of the jumper wires in a cup of water, make sure
the metal parts aren’t touching each other. The water should change the
light brightness. Readjust sensitivity using RV.
Now add salt to the water and stir to dissolve it. The light should be brighter,
since salt water has less resistance than plain water. Readjust sensitivity
using RV.
WARNING: Don’t drink any water used here.

38
 Project 76 Photo Current Amplifier
Build the circuit, turn on the switch (S1), and vary the amount of light on the
phototransistor (Q4) using your hand. Compare the brightness of the white
LED (D6) and color LED (D8).
Swap the locations of the white and color LEDs, and compare the brightness now.

Project 77 LEDs & Transistors

Use the preceding circuit but replace either LED (D6 or D8) with the red
LED (D1). Compare all three LEDs, in both locations.
The NPN transistor (Q2) is a current
amplifier. When a small current
flows into Q2 through the left branch
(through Q4), a larger current will LED brightness depends on the
flow into Q2 through the right branch materials used, construction
(with R1). Green arrows shown
quality, and the current through
the current flow. So the LED on
the right side will be brighter than
it. The white LED is super-
the LED on the left side. The current bright, the red LED is low-
in the right branch might be 100 brightness, and the color LED is
times larger than in the left branch. between the others.

Project 78 PNP Amplifier

This circuit is just like the preceding one except it uses a different type of
transistor. Build the circuit, turn on the switch (S1), and vary the amount of
light on the phototransistor (Q4) using your hand. Compare the brightness of
the white LED (D6) and color LED (D8).
Replace either LED (D6 or D8) with the red LED (D1). Compare all three
LEDs, in both locations.

The PNP transistor (Q1) is just like the

NPN transistor (Q2), except that the
currents flow in opposite directions.
Green arrows shown the current flow.

39
Project 79 Project 80
Photo Light Control Air Pressure Light Control
Turn on the switch (S1). Control Blow on the microphone (X1).
the white LED (D6) brightness by The white LED (D6) will flicker,
varying the amount of light on the because the resistance of the
photo-transistor (Q4). Try holding microphone changes when you
the red, green, and blue filters blow on it.
over the phototransistor and see
Talking into the microphone also
how they affect it.
changes its resistance, but you
Replace the white LED with will not be able to notice the
the red LED (D1) or the color difference here.
LED (D8) and compare them.
You can replace the white
LED with the red LED (D1) or the
The phototransistor uses light to control color LED (D8), but they will not
electric current. As more light shines on be very bright.
the phototransistor, the current through
it increases, making the LED brighter.

Project 81 Resistance Director

Move the lever on the adjustable resistor (RV) across its range and
watch the brightness of the white and color LEDs (D6 & D8).
Replace either LED with the red LED (D1) and compare it too.
You can also replace one of the battery holders (B1) with a 3-snap
wire, and compare the LED brightnesses at lower voltage.

The adjustable resistor can be

adjusted from about 200 ohms to
about 50,000 ohms.
The white LED is a super-bright
LED, so will be brighter than the
others at comparable resistance.

40
 Project 82 3D Pictures
Look at the pictures here; they probably look blurry. Now place the red filter in front of your
left eye and the blue filter in front of your right eye, and look at the pictures again. Now the These pictures contain separate red
pictures look clearer, and you can see them in three dimensions (3D). & blue images, taken from slightly
different viewpoints, combined together.
When you view them through the red
& blue filters, each eye sees only one
image. Your brain combines the two
images into the single picture that you
“see”, but the differences between the
two images make the combined picture
seem three-dimensional.
How 3D works:
Most people have two eyes, spaced
about 2 inches apart. So each eye
sees the world a little differently, and
your brain uses the difference in views
to calculate distance. For each object
in view, the greater the difference
between the two scenes, the closer it
must be. If you close one eye, you will
have a harder time judging distance –
try catching a ball with just one eye! (Be
sure to use a soft ball if you try playing
catch with one eye.)
When you watch a 3D movie in a
theater, you wear 3D glasses so that
each eye will see a different image.
The movie screen actually shows two
images, and the glasses filter them so
that only one image enters each eye.
Most movie theaters use polarized
images and glasses with polarized
lenses, so that each eye sees a
different image.
Another way to make 3D is using
red & blue images, then view using
glasses with red & blue filters, as you
are doing in this project. Unfortunately
this method does not give you the color
quality that the polarization method has.
41
3D Pictures

Project 83 Test the Color Organ

Headphones & Device This project tests the features of the color organ (U22), and will be
(Optional, not included) referenced by the Advanced Troubleshooting section on page 15.
A. Build the circuit, and turn on the switch (S1). The light on top of the color
organ should be changing colors.
B. Remove the 0.1mF capacitor (C2), add a 2-snap across the points
marked Y & Z, and reset the circuit by turning it off and on using the
switch. Connect the red jumper wire between the point marked “X”, and
points marked “R”, “G”, or “B” in the drawing. Touching R should make
the light red, G should make it green, and B should make it blue.
C. Remove the 2-snap that was added across points Y & Z. Connect a
music device (not included) and headphones (optional, and not included)
to the color organ as shown, and start music on it. Set the volume control
on your music device so that the light on the color organ is changing (the
light will not change if your volume is set too high or too low).
Music
Device Go to https://shop.elenco.com/
consumers/snap-circuits-light.html
to download projects 84-177
and Bonus Projects 1-11!
42
 SCL-175 Snap Circuits® Light Parts Layout
1 Base Grid (7.7”x5.5”) overlays some parts, and 6 other are below.

Important: If any parts

are missing or damaged,
DO NOT RETURN TO
RETAILER. Call toll-free at:
(800) 533-2441 or e-mail us
at: help@elenco.com.

Customer Service: 150

Carpenter Ave. Wheeling, IL
60090 U.S.A.

Note: A complete parts list is

on pages 2-3 in this manual.

Go to https://shop.elenco.com/
consumers/snap-circuits-light.html
to download projects 84-177
and Bonus Projects 1-11!

Snap Circuits®, CircuitSafe®, Elenco®,

Learn By Doing®, and Making Coding
a Snap® are registered trademarks
of Elenco Electronics, Inc. All rights
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43 Patents: 7,144,255;
reserved.
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