School: POBLACION POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Teacher: __________________________________________________ Subject: RESEARCH PROJECT

LAS Writers: Aquilino P. Soguilon, Jr., Agustin A. Pandoma, Mary Ann C. Peñaflorida and
Meryen G. Visande

Lesson Topic: CITATION OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Learning Targets: (Week 4) LAS 1
1. State the importance of citation in writing the Review of Related Literature
Reference(s): Quarter 3- Module 4: INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION Pages 1-10
A citation is a set of rules on how to cite sources in an academic writing. Whenever you refer
to someone else’s work, a citation is required in order to avoid plagiarism (Swaen,2015). In
addition, citation is referred to as the way you tell your readers that a certain material in your
work came from another source. It will give the readers the information necessary to find that
source again (Turnitin, 2017).
As you are writing your study’s review of related literature chapter, it is just and right to give
credits to the original author/authors in order for you to avoid plagiarism. A simple mention
of other’s work, or even a part of their work may be paraphrased or may directly copied on the
body of your academic paper is very important.

Importance of Citation
1. It is helpful for anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where they came
from.
2. Citing sources shows the amount of research you’ve done.
3. Citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas.
4. It is a basis of authenticity of one’s study.
5. It ensures the ethical and academic honesty of someone’s work.
6. It reveals the sources of information and knowledge.
7. It served as a legal basis in crafting the body of your study.

ACTIVITY 1. TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the following states the importance of citation of
Review of Literature, otherwise, write FALSE in your paper.

1. Citation of Review of Literature is helpful in finding out more about the ideas of the
researcher and where they come from.
2. It reveals the sources of information and knowledge used by the researcher.
3. Citing sources does not show the amount of research you’ve done.
4. Citing sources does not strengthen your work despite lending outside support to your
ideas.
5. Citation can ensure the ethical and academic honesty of someone’s work.

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.

School: POBLACION POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Teacher: Subject: RESEARCH PROJECT
LAS Writers: Aquilino P. Soguilon, Jr., Agustin A. Pandoma, Mary Ann C. Peñaflorida and
Meryen G. Visande
Lesson Topic: CITATION OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Learning Targets: (Week 4) LAS 2
1. Identify the different styles of citation
Reference(s): Quarter 3- Module 4: INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION Pages 1-10
In choosing relevant Review of Related Literature (RRL), it is right for the student-researcher to know
the different styles of citing sources in writing the Review of Related Literature. The following are the
different styles used in citation of Review of Related Literature.

1. Modern Language Association (MLA) Style

It is widely used in the Humanities such as in the fields of English, Literatures, Arts, and Philosophy. It uses
brief parenthetical citations in the text that refers to an alphabetical list of work cited appearing at the end of the
work.

Book as a Source of the Researcher’s Review of Related Literature:

1.1 When the author’s name and his work is cited in the paragraph, the citation using MLA style is this:
Example: According to Gullans in his book Poetic Form, the importance of structure … (23).

1.2 When the author’s work is not identified and not revealed in the text, this is its citation format:
Example: The importance of structure… (Gullans, Poetic Form 23).

2. American Psychological Association (APA) Style

This citation style uses an author-date system. It is widely used in the Social Sciences field such as
Anthropology, Business, Communication, Education, Political Science, and Psychology. It uses in-text
citation in the text that refer to an alphabetical list of references appearing the end of the work.

2.1 Place the author’s name and year of publication in parentheses and separate it using a comma.
Example: In the beginning stages … (Jenkins, 2003) stated that …

2.2 If the name of the author appears in the text, cite only the year in parentheses.
Example: In the beginning stages … Jenkins (2003) stated that …

2.3 If both author and the publication year appeared on the text, don’t include a parenthetical citation.
Example: In his influential 2003 study, Jenkins described …
2.4 If there are two authors, cite both names every time.
Based on the findings of Sun and Cheng (2016), it appeared that…
2.5 If the source of your Review of Related Literature has three (3) or more authors, cite only one author’s
name plus “et.al.” and its publication year.
Example: As mentioned in the study of Cavanaugh et.al. (2009), there are newly emerging
standards for a K-12 online learning …
Note: “et.al.” comes from the Latin word “et alia” which refers to “and others”.

2.6 For citing a direct quotation (rather than paraphrase), provide a page number in the citation in
addition to the author and date.
Example: But in the words of the inimitable Winnie: “Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get
there some day” (Milne, 1926, p. 79).
2.7 For citing secondary sources, find the primary source and cite it directly rather than citing the
secondary source. If the year of the publication for the primary source is known, include it in the text.
Meanwhile, if the publication year of the primary source is unknown omit it in the in-text citation.
Example: Rabbit (1982) as cited in Lyon et.al. (2014) it was described as the….
3. Chicago Style
It is a citation style that was introduced and published by the Chicago University. This style supports
two styles:
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.
3.1 Notes and Bibliography style
It is the most common type and widely used in the Humanities. Citations are placed in footnotes or
end notes, with a bibliography listing of the sources in full at the end. When citing a book, if an
edition
is specified, include it in abbreviated form (e.g. 2nd ed. If the book was accessed online, add a URL.
Example: Covet asserts that the success literature of the 20 th century is “filled with … and quick
fixes.”1
______________

1. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, 3 rd ed. (New York: Free Press, 1989),
75-89. (for full note) or
2. Covey, 7 Habits, 75-89 (for short note)
3.2 Author-Date
It is mainly used in the sciences and uses parenthetical in-text citation and always accompanied by a
reference list at the end.
Example: The success literature of the 20th century is “filled with… and quick fixes” (Covey 1989, 18)

ACTIVITY 2. Identify whether the following given citation is an APA, MLA, or CHICAGO. Copy the 5 citations
and write your answers in a separate sheet of intermediate paper.
_____1. According to Volery and Lord (2000) they stated that there are three different success factors in an
online learning delivery, namely: technology, the instructor, and the previous use of technology from a
student’s perspective.
_____2. As per the research paper entitled, “Online Formative Assessment in Higher Education: A
Review of the Literature” noted that “effective online formative assessment can foster a learner and
assessment-centered focus through formative feedback and enhanced learner engagement with
valuable learning experiences” (Gikandi, Morrow, Davis 1).
_____3. Gikandi et. al. (2011) stated that an effective formative assessment can foster a learner and
assessment-centered focus through formative feedback and enhanced learner engagement with
valuable learning experiences.
_____4. It was noted in the study that there are three different success factors in an online delivery
which comprises of the following: technology, the instructor, and the previous use of technology from
student’s perspective (Volery & Lord, 2000).
_____5. In the study entitled, “Integrating Computer-Based and Teacher-Based Scaffolds in Science Inquiry”, it
appeared that students who … performed best in acquiring scientific inquiry skills (Wu & Pedersen 2011, 81).

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.

School: POBLACION POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Teacher: __________________________________________________ Subject: RESEARCH PROJECT
LAS Writers: Aquilino P. Soguilon, Jr., Agustin A. Pandoma, Mary Ann C. Peñaflorida and
Meryen G. Visande

Lesson Topic: CITATION OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Learning Targets: (Week 4) LAS 3
1. Write the sources of the Review of Related Literature using the proper style of citation.
Reference(s): Quarter 3- Module 4: INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION Pages 1-10

The following is a diagram in which you may use in order for you to organize your information, concepts
and ideas using your Research Working Title.

Citation (APA):
Gikandi et.al. (2011) stated that an effective formative assessment
can foster a learner and assessment-centered focus through
The Online
Distance formative feedback and enhanced learner engagement with
Learning: Its valuable learning experiences.
Impact to
the
Academic
Citation (MLA):
Performance
of Students As mentioned by Sarasin (1998) that professors should be willing
to change their techniques and strategies to foster appreciation of
variety of students learning styles (Diaz and Cartnal,2012,131).

Citation (APA):
According to Sarasin (1998) as mentioned in the study of Diaz and
Cartnal (2012), professors should be willing to change their
teaching strategies and techniques based on appreciation of variety
of students learning style.

Activity 3. Using the above diagram as a guide, organize your information, concepts and ideas using your
chosen Research Project Title. Write your answer in a separate sheet of intermediate paper.

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.