NON INVISE CHOLESTEROL AND GLUCOSE DETECTION USING

FINGER PRINT

G.SUDHA1,M.M.HUSSANI2,GOKUAL RAJ1,

Department of biomedical engineering,muthayammal engineering collage

Department of EEE,Government collage of engineering,erode,

ABSTRACT Keywords-: sensor; diabetes; glucometer;

non-invasive measurements; IR technique.
As in healthcare the development is
betwixt invasive and noninvasive 1 INTRODUCTION
techniques. At present in healthcare we
Diabetes and high cholesterol are two of
come over with the problems due to
the most prevalent and life-threatening
cholesterol and diabetes which is the
diseases globally. Currently, it is the
common disease all over the world. The
later methods of measurement of
cholesterol and glucose is done with prevailing ailment in contemporary society
collection of blood samples invasively and to ascertain an individual's cholesterol and
non-invasively it is achieved by separate blood sugar levels by the collection of a
devices like cholesterol measurement and blood sample. Without causing any
glucometer.The proposed model brings out bloodshed, piercing of the skin, or causing
an idea in which it combines both the discomfort or injury. Determining the
measure of cholesterol and glucose quantitative values for glucose as well as
noninvasively without the need of blood. It cholesterol levels is unattainable. The
is achieved by IR technique involving the experience is particularly distressing for
measure of cholesterol and glucose individuals, especially youngsters, since it
through the program dumped in Arduino causes heightened levels of discomfort.
UNO which brings out the value of Individuals diagnosed with diabetes and
cholesterol and glucose level in an pregnant women may experience
individual. Using EspWifi module output fluctuations in their blood glucose levels.
value is obtained in Web Browser for The presence of low levels of cholesterol
Checking glucose and cholesterol value in in the bloodstream has been identified as a
remote location. contributing factor to the development of
cardiovascular disease, which is known to advancements, benefits, and obstacles
increase the risk of stroke and heart attack. encountered in this area. Through the
elucidation of these pioneering
Non-invasive cholesterol and glucose
methodologies, our objective is to
detection represents a significant
emphasize the possibility for enhanced
advancement in the field of medical
medical results and a more expedient, less
diagnostics and healthcare technology.
obtrusive modality for monitoring two
Traditionally, monitoring cholesterol and
paramount health indicators.
glucose levels has often required invasive
blood sampling procedures, which can be This research aims to address the issue of
uncomfortable and sometimes deter measuring glucose and cholesterol levels
individuals from regular testing. However, using non-invasive methods. This
with the advent of cutting-edge particular approach eliminates the need of
technologies and innovative research, non- obtaining a blood sample in order to assess
invasive methods have emerged, offering a glucose and cholesterol levels. This study
more convenient and patient-friendly aims to investigate the use of an
approach to monitoring these critical electrically powered LED and photodiode
health parameters. for the purpose of measuring blood
glucose as well as cholesterol levels. The
Non-invasive cholesterol and glucose
sensor requires the fingertip to be placed
detection techniques leverage various
onto it throughout the procedure. The use
technologies, including spectroscopy,
of a power light-emitting diode (LED) as
imaging, and wearable devices, to measure
well as a photodiode, sensors enables the
these vital biomarkers without the need for
estimation of blood density and thickness
blood draws or skin pricks. This healthcare
via the transmission of light spectrum.
revolution enables people to take an active
When light is sent to the fingertip, a little
role in managing overall cholesterol and
amount of electrical current is generated,
blood sugar levels, so enhancing their
which is then detected through a
general health and mitigating the
photovoltaic sensors. The present output
likelihood of developing cardiovascular
generated by the photodiode is converted
illnesses and diabetes.
into voltage by passing it via the sensor
This study aims to investigate the domain output. The connections between the
of non-invasive blood pressure and sensor outputs and the Arduino Uno are
cholesterol testing, examining recent established. The aforementioned approach
represents a continuous measuring system technologies. Several challenges arise in
that enables painless monitoring of glucose the context of scanning, including the need
as well as cholesterol levels. to provide appropriate pressure,
physiological variations such as tissue
2 RELATED WORKS
breadth, correlation errors, technological
Yoon and Jeon (2012) conducted a study sensitivity, and durability.
in which they examined several blood
In their study, Brince Paul and Melvin P.
components, including total hemoglobin,
Manuel (2016) put out the proposition that
which carbohydrates, proteins, and
intrusive procedures are associated with
cholesterol, using the technique of optical
discomfort, time consumption, high
spectroscopy. The fingernail was exposed
expense, and the possible danger of
to irradiation light and the resulting
transmitting infectious illnesses. Hence,
transmitted light was quantified. The use
there exists a significant need for a
of electronic filtration and outlier
dependable, cost-effective, and pleasant
identification method was employed in
non-invasive technology that can
order to mitigate the noise caused by the
continually monitor blood glucose levels.
electrical circuit and the undesired impact
The proposed technique is based on the
resulting from body movement. The
hypothesis that aldohexose has a direct
accuracy of predictions using serum is
influence on the scattering characteristics
often greater when using the FIR band
of the organ.
measurement, with the exception of
cholesterol. In their study, Periyasamy and Anand
(2016) examined the potential benefits of
In this study, Mohd Norzaliman and Mohd
continuously monitoring of blood sugar in
Zain (2014) developed and evaluated a
the management and prevention of
very sensitive visual polarimetry
hyperglycemia in individuals with
measurement approach that utilizes ratio-
diabetes. The objective of this research
metric photon counting detection. The use
was to assess the level of blood glucose by
of photon counting polarimetry technology
the use of an advantageous non-invasive
has great potential in the development of a
forearms capacitance measuring method.
highly sensitive and effective optical
glucose sensor. Researchers have yet to In this publication, the authors V. Ashok
overcome the limitations associated with and A. Nirmalkumar (2011) put forward a
non-invasive glucose monitoring technique and apparatus to perform the
non-invasive measurement of blood sugar blood glucose levels due to its ability to
content. The suggested approach involves detect the distinctive vibrational modes or
transilluminated irradiation applied to the 'chemical fingerprints' of glucose particles
finger. The approach relies on the with exceptional sensitivity. There are
utilization of an optical device operating at existing reports that describe the use of
a wavelength of 632.8nm, specifically infrared spectroscopy (IR) for the purpose
using atomic gas (He-Ne). of quantitatively analyzing carbohydrates
in filtration fluid, blood, and blood plasma.
In a study conducted by Megha C. Pande
(2015), an analysis was performed on the In order to ensure the viability of the
use of non-invasive methods for detecting approach, it is important to use the
blood sugar levels, specifically focusing on appropriate infrared (IR) laser in IR
the infrared area as the most suitable spectroscopy. The accompanying attributes
location for such measurements. This are essential for an exemplary infrared (IR)
approach is akin to pulse oxygen laser to possess: The system has a high
measurement and is complemented by programming speed, enabling quick data
infrared light analysis. collecting. Additionally, it demonstrates
the capability to effectively tune with
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
sufficient power everywhere the absorbent
In recent years, there has been notable zone of the molecules of glucose
progress in the advancement of numerous throughout the infrared spectrum.
non-intrusive methodologies. These
include transdermal approaches such as
reversal the procedure as well as
impedance of the skin spectral analysis, as
well as optical techniques like optical
coherence tomography (OCT) and Raman
spectroscopy. Nevertheless, these systems
include inherent limitations, which have
hindered their progression towards
becoming a universally used tool for Figure 1: Block Diagram
monitoring blood glucose levels. The use 3.1 WORKING
of infrared radiation (IR Technique) has
The detection of cholesterol and blood
great potential in the measurement of
glucose levels is accomplished by the use
of an infrared (IR) sensor as well as a V. Surjith N. Saravanan, G. Sudha*, S.
photodiode. The aforementioned procedure Selvarasu, R. Hariprakash, A.
involves positioning the fingertip directly Ajaykumar(Cite this paper)
on top of the sensor. The concentration
combined thicknesses of blood may be
determined by using an infrared (IR) 3.2 ADVANTAGES

sensor as well as a photodiode sensor,  Painless

which transmit a range of light  Cost effective
wavelengths to the blood sample for
 This approach does not need the
analysis. The light is transmitted to the
collection of blood samples.
finger, resulting in the generation of a little
 Less Time Taken
quantity of light which is then detected
 It can be used in remote location
through a photo diode sensors. The present
too.
output generated by the photodiode is
 The measured values can be
converted into voltage by passing the
viewed in android using IOT.
current via the sensor output. The
connections between the sensors and the 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Arduino UNO facilitate the transmission The Arduino platform is an experimental
of data. framework that is open-source in nature,
An IOT Based Non-Invasive Glucose and it is built around a user-friendly
Monitoring using Raspberry Pi combination of hardware and software
components. The system comprises a
Janani V M SudhaG ,Iswarya S ,
circuit board, often referred to as a
Jagadeesh PInternational Journal of
microcontroller, which can be
Advanced Research in Computer and
programmed, and a pre-existing software
Communication Engineering
known as Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE
Vol. 10, Issue 5, May 2021 is used for the purpose of writing and

DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2021.10582 uploading computer code to the physical

(Cite this paper) board.

A Non-invasive Technique to Detect An IR sensor comprises an electrical

Thyroid Using IoT device that emits infrared radiation in

order to detect and perceive certain
characteristics of the environment. An
infrared (IR) sensor has the capability to with the conventional procedure. The
quantify the thermal energy emitted by an information shown on the screen of the
item, in addition to detecting any cellphone includes both the date and time.
movement associated with it.Passive The evaluation of invasive as well as non-
infrared sensors, also known as PIR invasive techniques is computed.
sensors, only detect infrared radiation
without actively emitting it.

The ESP8266 is an affordable Wi-Fi

microchip that incorporates TCP/IP
networking software and microcontroller
functionality. It is manufactured by
Figure 2: Performance Evaluation
Espressif Systems, a company based in
Shanghai, China. The ESP-01 module,
manufactured by a third-party company
called Ai-Thinker, gained popularity
among the to other English speakers maker
movement in August 2014, hence
popularizing the chip.
Figure 3: Output LCD display
A Transformer is an immobile instrument
devoid of any mechanical components,
designed to convert power from electricity
through a certain circuit to another by
altering the voltage and current while
maintaining a consistent frequency. There
are two distinct classifications of
transformers based on their operational
purpose: the Step-up Transformer and the
Step-down Transformer.

The result of the measurement is shown Figure 4: Value Display in Android

inside the kit and the Android application Application
via the use of the ESP 8266 Wi-Fi
Table 1: Comparison between Invasive
Modules. The obtained output is compared
Vs Non Invasive Methods
 The future advancement of this project is
too bring this kit in a micro form able to be
placed in smart watches and to create it as
a marketed product making medical
facilities easy to avail even in remote
location.
The table shows the compared value with
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