SPECIMEN MATERIAL v1.

Please write clearly, in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname

Forename(s)

Candidate signature

A-level
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3

Specimen materials (set 2) Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials
For this paper you must have:
 the Periodic Table/Data Booklet, provided as an insert (enclosed) For examiner’s use
 a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
 a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 1
2
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3

 Fill in the boxes at the top of the page. 4

 Answer all questions. Section B

 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write TOTAL
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 All working must be shown.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want to be marked.

Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 90.

Advice
 You are advised to spend about 70 minutes on Section A
and 50 minutes on Section B.

7405/3
 Do not write
outside the
box

Section A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

0 1 Paracetamol is a common analgesic used for the relief of pain. It has the structure
shown.

HN

OH

The melting point of paracetamol is 170 °C.

Paracetamol can be prepared from the reaction between 4-aminophenol
(HOC6H4NH2) and ethanoyl chloride.

0 1 . 1 Write an equation for this reaction.

[1 mark]
 Do not write
outside the
box
3

0 1 . 2 Name and outline the mechanism for this reaction. Use RNH2 to represent
4-aminophenol.
[5 marks]

Name of mechanism

Mechanism

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
4

0 1 . 3 The paracetamol formed in this reaction is impure. It contains both soluble and
insoluble impurities that must be removed by recrystallisation.

The properties of a suitable solvent for recrystallisation are shown.

 The paracetamol should dissolve when the solvent is hot but be almost insoluble
when the solvent is cold.
 The impurities should either be insoluble in the solvent at all temperatures or
soluble even in cold solvent.
 When a hot saturated solution of the paracetamol is cooled, as much product as
possible should crystallise out, leaving soluble impurities in the solution.

A solvent has been suggested for this recrystallisation. It is a flammable liquid with a
boiling point of 80 °C.

Outline how you would carry out an investigation to show that this solvent is suitable
for the recrystallisation of the impure paracetamol. You should include brief practical
details of how you would carry out your investigation.

You are not required to describe the full recrystallisation procedure.

Explain how you would check that a recrystallisation process had been effective at
producing a pure sample of paracetamol.
[6 marks]
 Do not write
outside the
box
5

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
6

0 1 . 4 When paracetamol is prepared by reacting an excess of 4-aminophenol with ethanoyl

chloride, the expected percentage yield of impure paracetamol is 65%.

An expert practical chemist might expect to lose, at most, a further 20% of the impure
product during recrystallisation.

A student started with 3.87 g of ethanoyl chloride.

After preparation of impure paracetamol followed by recrystallisation, the student

actually obtained 4.07 g of pure paracetamol.

Calculate the mass of impure paracetamol expected from this experiment, based on a
65% yield.

Use your answer and the actual mass of pure paracetamol obtained, to comment on
the statement that “the student has demonstrated expert practical skills”.
[4 marks]
 Do not write
outside the
box
7

0 1 . 5 Suggest why the student should not use this sample of paracetamol for the purposes
of pain relief.
[1 mark]

0 1 . 6 Suggest two reasons why, in an industrial situation, ethanoic anhydride would be

preferred to ethanoyl chloride in the production of paracetamol.
[2 marks]

19

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
8

0 2 A student carried out an experiment to determine the value of the equilibrium constant
(Kc ) for the esterification reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol.

ethanoic acid + ethanol ethyl ethanoate + water

0 2 . 1 Write an equation for this reaction.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 2 Draw the skeletal formula of ethyl ethanoate.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 3 The student used a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst to

increase the rate of the reaction.

State, in general terms, how a catalyst works.

[2 marks]
 Do not write
outside the
box
9

0 2 . 4 The student mixed 0.0435 mol of ethanol and 0.0435 mol of ethanoic acid.
The student added 5.00 × 10–4 mol of sulfuric acid to the mixture.
This mixture was left for one week to reach equilibrium.
The equilibrium reaction was stopped by adding the mixture to water.

For this reaction, Kc = 4.07 at the temperature of the experiment.

Calculate the volume of 0.400 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution required to react
completely with the acids in the equilibrium mixture.
[6 marks]

Volume = cm3

Question 2 continues on the next page

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
10

0 2 . 5 Suggest how the student could check that the mixture had reached equilibrium after
one week.
[2 marks]

12
 Do not write
outside the
box
11

0 3 EDTA is a useful laboratory chemical and is found in a wide variety of commercial

products including detergents. It is very soluble in water and is often used in its ionic
form EDTA4– as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

4
O O
C CH2 CH2 C
O- O-
N CH2 CH2 N
O O
C CH2 CH2 C
O- O-

0 3 . 1 EDTA4– can act as a multidentate ligand.

Explain the meanings of the terms multidentate and ligand with reference to the
reaction of EDTA4– with [Cu(H2O)62+](aq) ions to form a complex ion.

Draw on Figure 1 a separate circle around each atom that bonds to the Cu2+ ion in this
complex ion.
[3 marks]

Multidentate

Ligand

Question 3 continues on the next page

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
12

0 3 . 2 Copper(II) compounds may be used as fungicides in vineyards. When used in this

way, copper(II) ions can enter the water supply and cause problems because they are
toxic in high concentrations.

The water supply near a vineyard can be tested for copper(II) ions by forming a blue
aqueous complex with EDTA4– ions. The concentration of this complex can be
determined using a colorimeter.

Outline the practical steps that you would follow, using colorimetry, to determine the
concentration of this complex in a sample of water.
[4 marks]
 Do not write
outside the
box
13

0 3 . 3 The concentration of copper(II) ions, in the sample of water, determined by colorimetry

was 7.56 × 10–5 mol dm–3.

This result was checked by titrating a sample of the water with a solution containing
EDTA4–(aq) ions.

The EDTA4–(aq) used in the titration had a concentration of 1.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3.

Write an equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and EDTA4– ions.

Calculate the volume of the EDTA4– solution needed to react with a 25.0 cm3 sample
of the water.

Justify whether this titration will give an accurate value for the concentration of
copper(II) ions. If necessary, suggest a practical step that would improve the accuracy.
[5 marks]

12

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
14

0 4 Iodine reacts slowly with propanone in the presence of an acid catalyst acc ording to
the equation

CH3COCH3 + I2 CH3COCH2I + HI

The rate of this reaction can be followed by preparing mixtures in which only the initial
concentration of propanone is varied. At suitable time intervals, a small sample of the
mixture is removed and titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution. This allows
determination of the concentration of iodine remaining at that time.

Five mixtures, A, B, C, D and E, are prepared as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Mixture A B C D E
Volume of 0.0200 mol dm–3 I2(aq)/cm3 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
Volume of 0.100 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq)/cm3 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Volume of 1.00 mol dm–3 CH3COCH3(aq)/cm3 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 6.5
Volume of distilled water/cm3 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 18.5

0 4 . 1 Calculate the initial concentration, in mol dm–3, of the propanone in mixture A.

[2 marks]

Concentration = mol dm–3

0 4 . 2 State and explain why different volumes of water are added to mixtures B, C, D and E.
[2 marks]
 Do not write
outside the
box
15

0 4 . 3 Calculate the volume of 0.0100 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate solution required to react
with all of the iodine in a 10.0 cm3 sample of mixture E, before the iodine reacts with
propanone.

The equation for the reaction in the titration is

2Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) Na2S4O6(aq) + 2NaI(aq)

[4 marks]

Volume = cm3

Question 4 continues on the next page

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
16

0 4 . 4 The results for mixture E are shown in Table 2.

V is the volume of 0.0100 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate solution needed, at different
times, t, to react with the iodine in a 10.0 cm3 sample of E.

Table 2

t/min 5 10 20 30
V/cm3 17.5 17.2 16.6 16.0

Use these data and your answer to Question 04.3 to plot a graph of V (y-axis)
against t (x-axis) for mixture E.
Draw a best-fit straight line through your points and calculate the gradient of this line.
[5 marks]

gradient = cm3 min–1

 Do not write
outside the
box
17

0 4 . 5 The gradients for similar graphs produced by mixtures A, B, C and D are shown
in Table 3.
Each gradient is a measure of the rate of the reaction between iodine and propanone.

Table 3

Mixture A B C D
Gradient / cm3 min –1 –0.24 –0.20 –0.15 –0.10

Use information from Table 1 and Table 3 to deduce the order with respect to
propanone. Explain your answer.
[2 marks]

0 4 . 6 Each sample taken from the reaction mixtures is immediately added to an excess of
sodium hydrogencarbonate solution before being titrated with sodium thiosulfate
solution.

Suggest the purpose of this addition.

Explain your answer.
[2 marks]

17

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
18

Section B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each answer completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select as
shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

57
0 5 What are the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the Fe2+ ion?
[1 mark]

Neutrons Electrons

A 31 24

B 57 24

C 31 26

D 57 28

0 6 Which of these contains the most molecules?

[1 mark]

A 0.0311 kg of carbon dioxide, CO 2

B 29.6 g of carbon monoxide, CO

C 2.22 × 104 mg of oxygen, O2

D 13.3 g of ozone, O 3
 Do not write
outside the
box
19

0 7 Which of these statements best describes a dative covalent bond?

[1 mark]

A A pair of electrons shared between two atoms where

each atom has donated one electron.
B A pair of electrons shared between two atoms where
one atom has donated two electrons.
C Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
where each atom has donated one electron.
D Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
where each atom has donated two electrons.

0 8 Which molecule is the least polar?

[1 mark]

A Bromomethane

B Dibromomethane

C Tribromomethane

D Tetrabromomethane

0 9 Which statement about intermolecular forces is not correct?

[1 mark]

A Intermolecular forces exist between all simple molecules.

B Hydrogen bonding occurs between HBr molecules.

C Hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force in

liquid ethanol.
D Hydrogen bonds occur between C=O and H–N in proteins.

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
20

o
1 0 The table shows the standard enthalpy of formation,  f H , for some of the substances
in the reaction

H = –2898 kJ mol1
o
C2H6(g) + 6F 2(g) C2F 6(g) + 6HF(g)

C2H6(g) C2F 6(g)

 f H /kJ mol1 –84 –1344

o

What is the standard enthalpy of formation, in kJ mol1, for HF(g)?

[1 mark]

A –1638

B –273

C +273

D +1638

1 1 What is the temperature rise, in K, when 504 J of heat energy are absorbe d by
0.110 kg of solid iron?
Specific heat capacity of iron = 0.448 J K–1 g–1
[1 mark]

A 9.78 × 10–2

B 1.02 × 101

C 2.83 × 102

D 1.02 × 104
 Do not write
outside the
box
21

1 2 Calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ, for this dissociation of mole of propan -1-ol.

C3H7OH(g) 3C(g) + 8H(g) + O(g)

C—H C—C C—O O—H

Mean bond dissociation enthalpy / kJ mol –1 412 348 360 463

[1 mark]

A –4751

B –4403

C +4403

D +4751

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
22

Questions 13 and 14 are about the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution shown for a

sample of a gas, X, at two different temperatures.

1 3 Which letter shows the mean energy of the molecules at the higher temperature?
[1 mark]

A P

B Q

C R

D S

1 4 Which statement is correct for the higher temperature?

[1 mark]

A The area under the curve to the left of Ea decreases.

B The total area under the curve increases.

C The activation energy decreases.

D More molecules have the mean energy.

 Do not write
outside the
box
23

1 5 A rate investigation was carried out on a reaction involving three reactants, X, Y and Z.
The concentrations of the reactants were varied and the relative r ate for each mixture
determined.

Experiment [X]/mol dm3 [Y]/mol dm3 [Z]/mol dm3 Relative rate

1 1 × 103 1 × 103 2 × 103 1

2 2 × 103 2 × 103 2 × 103 4

3 5 × 104 2 × 103 4 × 103 0.5

The reaction is zero order with respect to Y.

What is the overall order of reaction?

[1 mark]

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

1 6 Which statement about Kp is correct for this reaction in the gas phase?

W + X + Y2 WXY + Y H = –46 kJ mol–1

[1 mark]

A The value of Kp is independent of pressure.

B The value of Kp increases as pressure increases.

C The value of Kp increases as temperature increases.

D The value of Kp is independent of temperature.

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
24

1 7 The table shows the pKa values for two acids.

Name of acid pKa

Propanoic acid 4.87

Butanoic acid 4.82

Which statement is correct?

[1 mark]

A Propanoic acid is a stronger acid than butanoic acid.

B The value of Ka for propanoic acid is greater than that for

butanoic acid.

C The value of Ka for propanoic acid is 1.35 × 10 –5 mol dm–3

D The value of Ka for butanoic acid is 6.61 × 10 4 mol dm–3

1 8 Which element is in the f-block of the Periodic Table?

[1 mark]

A Palladium

B Phosphorus

C Platinum

D Plutonium
 Do not write
outside the
box
25

1 9 Which elements are shown in increasing order of the stated property?

[1 mark]

A Atomic radius: phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine.

B First ionisation energy: sodium, magnesium, aluminium.

C Electronegativity: sulfur, phosphorus, silicon.

D Melting point: argon, chlorine, sulfur.

2 0 Which statement is not correct about the addition of chlorine to water?

[1 mark]

A Chlorine can react with water to form an alkaline solution.

B Chlorine can react with water to produce chloride ions

and oxygen.
C Chlorine can be added to drinking water to kill bacteria.

D Chlorine can react with water to produce chloride ions

and chlorate(I) ions.

2 1 Which is the formula of the main aluminium-containing species present when

aluminium oxide is added to an excess of water?
[1 mark]

A [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

B Al(H2O)3(OH) 3(s)

C [Al(H2O)2(OH) 4]–(aq)

D Al2O3(s)

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
26

2 2 What is the electron configuration of Cu 2+?

[1 mark]

A [Ar]3d94s2

B [Ar]3d104s1

C [Ar]3d9

D [Ar]3d10

2 3 Electrons in copper(II) ions can be excited by the absorption of light with a wavele ngth
of 600 nm.

What is the increase in energy, in J, for each electron excited?

Speed of light, c = 3.00 × 10 8 m s1

Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10 34J s
[1 mark]

A 3.98 × 1040

B 1.33 × 1039

C 3.32 × 1028

D 3.32 × 1019
 Do not write
outside the
box
27

2 4 An oxide of vanadium catalyses the following reaction:

SO2 (g) + O2 (g) SO3 (g)

What is the formula of the vanadium-containing intermediate formed in this reaction?

[1 mark]

A V2O

B VO

C V2O3

D V2O4

2 5 Which catalyst is used in the catalytic cracking of alkanes?

[1 mark]

A Concentrated phosphoric acid

B Iron

C Nickel

D Zeolite

2 6 Which correctly represents an incomplete combustion of pentane?

[1 mark]

A C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O

B C5H12 + 8O2 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O

C C5H12 + 6O2 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O

D C5H12 + 5O2 4CO + CO2 + 4H2O + 2H2

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
28

2 7 Which species is produced in a propagation step during the reaction of propane with
an excess of chlorine in the presence of UV light?
[1 mark]

A H .
B C3H5Cl

C C3H6Cl2

D C6H14

2 8 Which compound forms a racemic mixture when reacted with KCN followed by
dilute acid?
[1 mark]

A HCHO

B CH3CHO

C CH3COCH3

D (CH3CH2)2CO
 Do not write
outside the
box
29

2 9 Use your understanding of the bonding in benzene to identify the compound that has
the most exothermic enthalpy of hydrogenation.
[1 mark]

3 0 Which compound is the strongest base?

[1 mark]

A Ammonia

B Ammonium chloride

C Methylamine

D Phenylamine

3 1 What type of reaction is used to convert (CH3)3N into the cationic surfactant
[(CH3)3N(CH2)15CH3]Cl?
[1 mark]

A Bronsted–Lowry acid-base reaction

B Nucleophilic addition

C Nucleophilic addition-elimination

D Nucleophilic substitution

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
30

3 2 Which polymer is least likely to be biodegraded after several years in a landfill site?
[1 mark]

A Kevlar

B Nylon

C Polythene

D Terylene

3 3 Which structure shows 2-aminobutanoic acid as a zwitterion?

[1 mark]

D
 Do not write
outside the
box
31

3 4 2-Methylbutylamine can be synthesised from an alkene.

ethanolic LiAlH4 in
Alkene
HBr
Halogenoalkane
KCN
Nitrile
ether NH2

What is the identity of the alkene?

[1 mark]

A But-2-ene

B Methylpropene

C 2-Methylbut-1-ene

D 2-Methylbut-2-ene

30

END OF QUESTIONS

Turn over ►
 Do not write
outside the
box
32

There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Copyright Information

For conf identiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third party copyright material will be published in a separate
booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is available for
f ree download f rom www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series.

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA
will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford,
GU2 7XJ.

Copy right © 2017 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.