 Abstract: This portable crane uses a hydraulic system to lift a heavy loads

applying only small force. The main advantage of this project is to move parts
which are going to be assembled in our production work shop, it is portable,
moveable, and easy for operating. The crane has two loaded side bars to make
the base and two links (i.e. Vertical column and botom) connected each other
by using pin joint. The Vertical column is secured on the cross bar that is
welded to the side bars making the base using bolt connection. There are also
other bars for supporting purpose which are connected to the basic link
(vertical column) using bolt connection. The crane uses four wheels, of which
two of them in the front are connected to the base using permanent joint and
the rear wheel is connected to the base using roller. Since the crane operates
hydraulically there is piston cylinder device which is connected to the vertical
column and bottom for lifting up and down the objects.
1. Introduction and Background
The development of lift machine or crane has reached through different time
starting the first crane for lifting heavy load was invented by ancient Greeks in the
late 6th century BC. The heydays of crane in ancient times come during Roman
Empire when construction activity soared and buildings reached enormous
dimensions. The Romans adapted the Greeks cranes and developed it further.

The simplest Romans crane is the trespasses, which consists of a single beam jib, a
winch, a rope, and a block containing three pulleys. Having this mechanical
advantage of 3:1, it has been calculated that a single man working the winch
could raise 150kg [3pulles*50kg=150kg], assuming that 50kg represent the
maximum effort of a man can exert. Over a long time period heavier crane type
featured five pulleys (pentaspastos) or in case of the largest one a set of three by
five pulleys (polyspestos) and came with two, three, or four masts depending on
the maximum loads.

The polyspestos when operated by four men at both side of the winch could
readily lifts 3000kg[3 ropes*5 pulleys*4 men*50kg=3000kg] If the winch was
replaced by a trade wheel, the maximum load could be doubled to 6000kgs,
because the trade wheel have much bigger mechanical advantages due to its
higher diameters. This means comparing with the construction of Egyptian
pyramid where in 50 men are needed to move 2.5 tons of stone up the ramp
(50kg per persons). The lifting capability of the Roman polyspastos is proved to be
60 times higher than the Egyptian system of lifting stones.

During the high middle age the trade wheel was introduced on large scale after
the technology had fallen in the Western Europe with dismiss of Western Roman
Empire.

The earliest reference to the trade wheel reappears in the archival literature in
France about 1225. Generally vertical transport could be done more safely and
inexpensively by crane than customary method. Typical areas of application were
harbors, mines, and in particular building sites where the trade wheel crane
played a pivoted role in the construction of lofty Gothic cathedrals.
 In contrast to the modern cranes, middle age cranes and hoists –much like to
their counter parts in Greece and Rome were primarily capable of a vertical lift,
not used to move loads for considerable distance horizontally as well. It is not
worthy that middle age cranes rarely featured ratchets or brakes to forestall the
loads from running backwards. This curious absence is explained by a high friction
force exercised by middle age trade wheels, which normally prevented the wheel
from accelerating beyond control.

With the onset of the industrial revolution, the first modern cranes were installed
at harbors for loading cargo.

In 1838, the industrialist and business man sir William Armstrong designed a
hydraulic water powered crane .His design used a ram in a closed cylinder that
was forced down by a pressurized fluid entering the cylinder. Thus the valve on
the cylinder regulates the amount of fluid intake relative to the load on the crane
[1].

A. Types of portable crane

Thus cranes are broadly categorized into three

1) Overhead crane

2) Fixed cranes and

3) Mobile crane

Overhead crane
It is being used in a typical industrial shop. The hoist is being operated via a wired
push button station to move system and load along any direction .un overhead
mechanism crane is also known as abridge crane where in the hook and by line
mechanisms runs along two widely separated rails. Overhead crane is typically
consists of lifter single beam or double beam construction. It can be built by using
typical steel beam or more complex box grinder type. Double Grinder Bridge is
more typical when there is a need for heavy capacity system of 10tons and above.
The basic components of overhead cranes are the hoist to lift the item, the
bridge, a trolley to move along the bridge. Most of the time over head cranes are
applicable in steel manufacturing industry and vehicle/truck production industry.

Fixed cranes
Fixed cranes are preferable in order to insure the ability to carry heavy reaches
greater heights due to increased stability. These types of cranes are characterized
by the fact that their main structures does not move during the period of use.
However many can still be assembled and disassembled. The structure basically is
fixed in one place. There are many different types of fixed cranes such as Tower
cranes, self-erecting, telescoping, Hammerhead, Gantry cranes, Deck cranes, jib
cranes, and bulk handling cranes. However most of them are used under
construction sites. Only few of them like jib cranes Gantry and deck cranes are
used in mechanical engineering operations.

Mobile cranes
For effective and versatile operation cranes can also made to be mobile. Mobile
cranes are designed in different manner in order to be used on the road, rail,
water and air. There are many different kinds of mobile cranes. That are truck
mounted, side lifter, rough terrain, all terrain cranes, pick, and carry cranes,
telescopic handler crane crawl crane, pail road cranes, floating Aerial crane and
also portable crane.

B. Definition of portable crane

The portable crane is a product selected into the application of design axiom for
this project. Portable crane is a small crane that can be broken down into several
parts for ease of transportation. It must be assembled and bolted into a place
where to be used effectively. Portable crane designed for a whole range of floor
lifting job. They are transportable and require no external power. They can be
used where no overhead lift is available and relatively short lift required. It also
increase efficiency and productivity while decreasing operator bending and risk of
back injury. The portable crane is widely used in mechanical engineering filed for
assist any heavy duty job. There are various types portable crane that are
available in the market with a various function and features.

C. Statements of problems
In our time of visit in mesfin industrial engineering we observed different draw
backs;but for now we need to be specific to our work shop which is the
production work shop. We obseve that small parts from waiting area to be
assembled and welded are transported by man power and a lot of return of
overhead crane and this leads to;

~When the man moves the parts it could harm his hand or his feets if it fall dawn
since its heavy for the man to lift it easly.

~Hince the crane returns a lot of times to transport the parts to be assembled it
consumes electric power to drive it,not only this if there is no power work will
stop and production minimizes.

D. Objectives of the research project

The objective of this project is categorized in to general and specific objectives.

General objectives

The general objective of the research project is to design and produce portable
and moveable lifting crane to lift heavy loads that is beyond the capacity of
human being applying only small force in the production machine shop.

Specific objectives

The details of the objectives of the research project are listed as follows;

• To design analytically the portable lifting machine lift slightly heavy objects that
can’t be carried by single worker

• To minimize cost expenditure for fuel that is made for operating fork lift in
transporting every component in the production shop
• Specifically to minimizes wastage of time due to each station should wait for a
single crane for lifting

• To minimize risk of life and property

• To produce the working prototype of portable, moveable crane for the

production shop

• To determine the overall cost of the crane production

• Finally, to documentation of the research project

E. Methodology
The methodology incorporated in design and development of portable crane in
the production shop of is indicated as follows;

• Data source identification, collection and analyze; Observation in different

shop.

• Development of suitable system configuration It should have moveable wheel

attached base,hydraulic link, basic vertical column, and connections.

• Design analysis of each components of the portable crane.

• Development of working crane prototype for the application.