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RD - Ii

The document discusses research design, which is the conceptual framework for conducting research. It defines research design and outlines its purposes and components. It also describes different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs.

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10 views28 pages

RD - Ii

The document discusses research design, which is the conceptual framework for conducting research. It defines research design and outlines its purposes and components. It also describes different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs.

Uploaded by

Jeyasunitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prahlada G

INTRODUCTION
The research design is the
conceptual structure within
which research is conducted ; it
constitutes the blue print for the
collection , measurement and
analysis of data.
• The research design provides
the back bone structure of the
study, it supports the study and
hold it's together.
• The research design refers to
the researcher overall plan for
answering the research
question or testing the
research hypotheses.
PROCESS OF DESIGNING & CONDUCTING A RESEARCH
PROJECT
 What--What was studied?
 What about--What aspects of
the subject were studied?
 What for--What is/was the
significance of the study?
 What did prior lit./research say?
 What was done--How was the
study conducted?
 What was found?
 So what?
 What now?
Hence Research Design is:
• a framework for the
research plan of action.
• a master plan that
specifies the methods and
procedures for collecting
and analyzing the needed
information
• a strategy for how the data
DEFINITIONS
The Planned sequence
of the entire process
involved in conducting a
research study .
- Miller
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
 It provides the scheme for
answering research question.
 It maintains control to avoid bias
that may affect the outcomes.
 It organize the study in a certain
way defending the advantages of
doing while being aware and
caution about potential
disadvantages .
ADVANTAGES
 Lead to more
accurate results.
 Give optimum
efficiency and
reliability.
• Minimise the
wastage of time as
well as money.
• Instills confidence
in the research.
• Provides
satisfaction &
success.
COMPONENTS

 Titleof the study


 Statement of the problem
 Review of literature
 Area & Scope of Study
 Objectives of the study
 Formulation of
hypothesis
 Definition of concepts
 Methodology
 Sampling design
 Constructing the
schedule/Questionnaire
 Collection of data
 Analysis of data
 Interpretation of results
 Reporting the findings
 Time & Financial
budgeting
DIFFERENT RESEARCH DESIGNS
1. Exploratory type research
design
2. Descriptive type research
design
3. Experimental type research
design
4. Experimental type research
design
1) EXPLORATORY TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN
Explorative research studies are
also termed as formulative
research studies.
Exploratory study is a systematic
scientific approach which enables
a social scientist to determine
whether an idea is in reality or not.
Explorative studies can provide
ideas , hypothesis , suggestions
that might never occur to the
social scientist sitting in an office
and mediating over the problem.
More flexible.
Done in the field whether there is
little knowledge is available.
Exploratory studies which do not
sets limits for themselves have
limits imposed by various practical
matters.
Mostly the results obtained
through the explorative study are
to be treated as a sign post for
future and further study in the
same or similar direction.
For this reason , they are also known
as formulative studies.
WHEN EXPLORATIVE RESEARCH ?
2) DESCRIPTIVE TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN
 Rigid Design.
 Probability sampling design.
 Pre-planned design for analysis.
 Structured instruments for
collection of data.
 Advanced decisions about
operational procedure.
Research design in which the major
emphasis is on determining the
frequency with which something
occurs or the extent to which two
variables co vary.
 Enable researcher to describe picture of
a phenomenon under investigation.
 Methodology involved – qualitative in
nature producing descriptive data.
 Three approaches to enable to
record/analyse the bahavioural patterns:
i.Participant observation.
ii. Personal documents.
iii. Unstructured interviewing.
4) EXPERIMENTAL TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN
Professor R.A.Fisher’s name is
associated with experimental designs.
It’s origin in agricultural research was
made by him when he was working in
Rothamsted Experimental
Station (Centre for Agricultural
Research in England).
 Experiment is a study in
which the investigator
manipulates or varies
(called the independent
variables) &
measures other variables
(called the
dependent
variables).
 When an experiment is
possible it is the most
effective method of testing
a hypothesis.
i.e; one variable ‘X’
casually influences
another variable ‘Y’
There are three basic principles
of experimental designs :
1. The principle of replication
2. The principle of
randomization
3. The principle of local
control
1. THE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATION
According to this , the experiment
should be repeated more than
once.
Thus, each treatment is applied in many
experimental units instead of one.
By doing so, the statistical accuracy of the
experiments is incresed.
2. THE PRINCIPLE OF RANDOMISATION
This provides protection against
the effects of extraneous factors
by randomisation.
We may apply randomisation principle and
protect ourselves
against the effects
of the extraneous factors.
3. THE PRINCIPLE OF LOCAL CONTROL

According to this principle, we first


divide the field into several
homogeneous parts, known as blocks,
and then each such block is divided into
part equal
to the number of
treatments.

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