2013 Fifth Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation

Research on SVPWM inverter output control technology

Lin ChengwuˈZhang xiaomin , Jiang Qiguang

School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110870, China
linchengwu@sina.com, zxm0601@sina.cn, Jiangqiguang123@163.com

Abstract—Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) has Where T 2S ft [3]. Assuming unit vector as p j 2S 3 ˈ
been developed fast. The new technology has the advantages of
control algorithm, the small harmonic and high dc voltage then Space Vector Ut is compounded by the three-phase
utilization. Therefore it is widely used in inverter technology. voltage space vector can be expressed as˖
This paper analyzed the algorithm of SVPWM. Theoretical
analysis and experimental results based on DSP (digital signal 2
processor) show that the proposed SVPWM control algorithm Ut [U A (t )  pU B (t )  p 2U C (t )] (2)
can control transient output characteristics. 3

Keywords-SVPWM; Inverter; DSP; Transient Output Where Ut is a rotating space vector and the amplitude is
Characteristics phase voltage peak.
The three-phase inverter bridge arm have six switch
I. INTRODUCTION tubes, if we define state of transistor in the upper bridge arm
With the development of technology, SVPWM has been is on and the below is off is 1, otherwise is 0. The on and
widely used in AC variable frequency speed regulation off status of the three upper transistor corresponds to 8-
system. SVPWM aims to electromotor and focuses on how space vectors: six nonzero effective voltage vector states
to make the motor acquire the circular constant magnetic (U1(001), U2(010), U3(011), U4(100), U5(101), U6(110)) and
field [1]. two zero vector states (U0(000), U7(111))[3].
Compared with other control methods, SVPWM method In order to use the on-off states of Switching Device to
in controlling the three-phase inverter has its advantages, realize the real-time control and regulate the output voltage
such as, the DC voltage utilization rate is higher, it can and waveform, we can choose two adjacent vector and zero
reduce the output voltage harmonic while regulating the size vector from the six switch state vectors in space specific
of output voltage fundamental wave, and it can also reduce position of inverter, to compound rotation space vector U,
power switch action frequency during the inverter state and control the size and phase of U, to realize the three-
transition. phase inverter output voltage control [4]. In each sector, the
In AC Speed Regulation System, doubly-fed machine synthesized voltage vector according to the volt-second
can regulate reactive power to improve the power factor balance principle can be expressed:
angle of the electrical net. Using SVPWM vector control
T TX TX  Ty T
can rapidly control motor output torque and rotational speed,
to make it have better dynamic performances [2]. ³0
U ref dt ³0
U X dt  ³
TX
U y dt  ³
TX  Ty
U 0 dt (3)

II. RESEARCH ON SVPWM ALGORITHM Where Uref is reference voltage; T is switch period;
Tx ,Ty,To are operating times corresponding to non-zero
A. The theoretical principle of SVPWM voltage vector Ux, Uy and zero voltage vector Uo.
The figure 1 shows the three phase voltage source
inverter. The DC bus voltage is Tx and the outputs of
inverter are UA, UB, UC. To create the rotating stator flux,
the commonly applied phase voltages present a phase shift
of 120 electrical degrees from one to another that takes into
account the mechanical 120 degrees angle between
coils.There are three space voltage vectors UA(t),UB(t),UC(t).
Where Um is the phase voltage, and f is voltage frequency.
Then we can get:

­U A (t ) U m cos(T ) Figure 1. Three-phase voltage type inverter

° (1)
®U B (t ) U m cos(T  2S / 3)
The space vector projection at each of the winding axis
°U (t ) U m cos(T  2S / 3)
¯ C is equal to the instantaneous value of the respective phases

978-0-7695-4932-3/12 $26.00 © 2012 IEEE 927

DOI 10.1109/ICMTMA.2013.230
after deducting the zero-axis component. When the three- Where T is the angle between Uref and U4. The amplitude of
phase voltage is sinusoidal symmetrical, the voltage space 2U dc
vector rotates in constant speed and constant length in the each basic space vector is the same, so U 4 U 6 ,
3
complex plane, and the trajectory is a circle and shown as so we can get:
figure 2.
­ §S ·
°T4 mTS sin ¨  T ¸
® ©3 ¹ (6)
°¯T6 mTS sin T

Then operating time TK, TK+1corresponding to UK, UK+1

can be calculated in the same way. Where m is SVPWM
modulation ratio, and m 3|U ref |/U dc DŽAfter getting the
time of the synthesis Uref, the next step is how to generate a
pulse width modulated waveform.
III. SVPWM INVERTER OUTPUT TRANSIENT
Figure 2. Space voltage vector graph
CHARACTERISTIC CONTROL

B. SVPWM Control Algorithm A. Inverter transient output phase control

If reference voltage U ref is set in the sector 1, it can be When initial phase of SVPWM inverter is S 2 , 3S 2 ,
compounded by U 4 , U 6 , U 0 and U 7 ,then the equation can be and the output A phase voltage is zero-crossing. We access
SVPWM inverter to load (an ac motor as load), then obtain
expressed as:
the output phase voltage waveform of initial
phase S 2 , 3S 2 , waveform is shown as figure 4, figure 5:
U ref TS U 4 T4  U 6 T6 (4)

Where Ts is switch period. T4 , T6 are operating times

corresponding to U 4 , U 6 .The projection of the reference
voltage vector is shown as figure 3:

Figure 4. The A phase output waveform of S 2

Figure 3. Projection of the Reference Voltage Vector

According to sine theorem, the voltage vector U D , U E in

D  E reference coordinate frame can be expressed:

­ T4 T6 S
°U D | U ref | cos T T | U 4 |  T | U 6 | cos 3
° s s
® (5)
°U | U | sinT T6 S
| U 6 | sin
°̄ E ref
Ts 3 Figure 5. The A phase output waveform of 3S 2

When the initial phase angle is S 2 , the inverter A

phase output voltage is 0V, and the voltage changes to the

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negative direction in figure 4, In figure5, the initial phase
angle is 3S 2 , the A phase output voltage of the inverter is
0V, and the voltage changes to the positive direction.
We can control the initial value of inverter output phase
voltage by changing the initial phase of SVPWM inverter.
In this way, the BDFM feeding can be realized.
B. The amplitude control of inverter output voltage
We need to know the reference voltage Uref, the voltage
of inverter output phase voltage peak, given by pc program.
Then we can calculate the basic space vector action time
through changing the output amplitude of inverter. When
the output phase is 30V, the waveform of phase voltage is Figure 8. The output waveform of frequency being 7Hz
shown as figure 6:
From the chart we can see that when output frequency
changes, output waveform amplitude has no change. It can
realize the control of motor frequency conversion.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, SVPWM algorithm based on DSP is
deduced according to the analysis of the principle of
SVPWM, and through experiment we can get the
verification that the SVPWM control can realize the
effective control to transient output characteristics.
Changing SVPWM inverter initial phase can control the
initial value of inverter output phase voltage, so as to realize
feeding for BDFM. The output voltage value can adjust the
Figure 6. The output waveform of phase voltage
power factor of the motor, to realize the power factor
The waveform of figure 6 is obtained after subsection of adjustment. When the output frequency changes, output
output phase voltage and filtering, the output voltage waveform amplitude is unchanged, which can make have
through the calculation keep consistent with setting voltage the motor frequency conversion control. SVPWM as a kind
Uref. When BDFM is working as feeding-mode, the power of high efficiency and energy saving inverter technology, to
factor of motor can be adjusted by changing the output improve power efficiency of production and living, and
voltage value. In this way, the power factor adjustment can reduce energy consumption has significant meaning.
be realized. REFERENCES
C. The frequency control of inverter output voltage [1] Yue Liu and Mingdei Niu,“Research on SVPWM based on DSP for
Inverter.” Master Degree thesis. Guilin, Guizhou, China: Guizhou
We need to know inverter output frequency In SVPWM University. 2006. (in Chinese)
algorithm, and the frequency is given by computer program. [2] Lihong Liu, “Study on a Vector Controlled DFM System.” Shenyang,
Only knowing inverter output frequency, we can get wave Liaoning, China: University Of Technology. 2007. (in Chinese)
ratio (carrier frequency has been fixed for 5 KHZ), and then [3] Jia Guo, “Emulation Research of SVPWM Inverter base on Matlab.”
calculate angle of SVPWM every step, to make sure that Instrumentation Analysis. Beijing. China, issue. 4, pp.24–26, 2010.
each basic space vector action time. We keep Uref consist, (in Chinese)
and change the inverter output frequency, then the [4] Ran Tao, “Research on Three-level SVPWM Inverter based on
waveform is shown as figure
g 7, figure
g 8: DSP.”Master Degree thesis. Heifei, Anhui, China: Hefei University
Of Technology, 2007. (in Chinese)
[5] Yonghui Tan. “Design Projection of Three-level SVPWM Inverter on
DSP.” Master Degree thesis. Changsha, Hunan, China: Hunan
University, 2004. (in Chinese)
[6] ChongWei Zhuang and Xing Zhang, PWM Rectifier and Its Control.
Beijing: China Machine Press, 2003㧚(in Chinese)

Figure 7. The output waveform of frequency being 6Hz

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