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Meriam - Dynamics - 8th Ed (2015) - 2

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
333 views14 pages

Meriam - Dynamics - 8th Ed (2015) - 2

Uploaded by

hoormohameed2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A rt i c l e 3 / 5 C u rv i l i n e a r Mo t i on 139

Sample Problem 3/6

Determine the maximum speed v which the sliding block may have as it
passes point A without losing contact with the surface.

Solution. The condition for loss of contact is that the normal force N which
the surface exerts on the block goes to zero. Summing forces in the normal direc-
tion gives

v2
3©Fn = man 4 mg = m v = √g␳ Ans.

If the speed at A were less than √g␳, then an upward normal force exerted by
the surface on the block would exist. In order for the block to have a speed at A
which is greater than √g␳, some type of constraint, such as a second curved
surface above the block, would have to be introduced to provide additional
downward force.

Sample Problem 3/7

Small objects are released from rest at A and slide down the smooth circu-
lar surface of radius R to a conveyor B. Determine the expression for the nor-
mal contact force N between the guide and each object in terms of ␪ and specify
the correct angular velocity ␻ of the conveyor pulley of radius r to prevent any
sliding on the belt as the objects transfer to the conveyor.

Solution. The free-body diagram of the object is shown together with the co-
ordinate directions n and t. The normal force N depends on the n-component of
the acceleration which, in turn, depends on the velocity. The velocity will be cu-
mulative according to the tangential acceleration at. Hence, we will find at first
for any general position.

3©Ft = mat 4 mg cos ␪ = mat at = g cos ␪

1 Now we can find the velocity by integrating

∫ v dv = ∫ g cos ␪ d(R␪)
v ␪
Helpful Hint
3v dv = at ds 4 v2 = 2gR sin ␪
0 0
1 It is essential here that we recognize
We obtain the normal force by summing forces in the positive n-direction, which the need to express the tangential ac-
is the direction of the n-component of acceleration. celeration as a function of position so
that v may be found by integrating
v2 the kinematical relation v dv = at ds,
3©Fn = man 4 N − mg sin ␪ = m N = 3mg sin ␪ Ans. in which all quantities are measured
R
along the path.
The conveyor pulley must turn at the rate v = r␻ for ␪ = ␲ /2, so that

␻ = √2gR/r Ans.
140 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

Sample Problem 3/8

A 1500-kg car enters a section of curved road in the horizontal plane and
slows down at a uniform rate from a speed of 100 km/ h at A to a speed of 50 km/ h
as it passes C. The radius of curvature ␳ of the road at A is 400 m and at C is
80 m. Determine the total horizontal force exerted by the road on the tires
at positions A, B, and C. Point B is the inflection point where the curvature
changes direction.

Solution. The car will be treated as a particle so that the effect of all forces
exerted by the road on the tires will be treated as a single force. Since the mo-
tion is described along the direction of the road, normal and tangential coordi-
nates will be used to specify the acceleration of the car. We will then determine
the forces from the accelerations.
The constant tangential acceleration is in the negative t-direction, and its
magnitude is given by

(50/3.6) 2 − (100/3.6) 2
1 [vC 2 = vA2 + 2at Δs] at = p p = 1.447 m/s2
2(200)

The normal components of acceleration at A, B, and C are Helpful Hints


1 Recognize the numerical value of
(100/3.6) 2 the conversion factor from km / h to
2 3an = v2/␳4 At A, an = = 1.929 m/s2
400 m/s as 1000/3600 or 1 /3.6.
At B, an = 0
2 Note that an is always directed to-
(50/3.6) 2 ward the center of curvature.
At C, an = = 2.41 m/s2
80

Application of Newton’s second law in both the n- and t-directions to the


free-body diagrams of the car gives

3©Ft = mat 4 Ft = 1500(1.447) = 2170 N


3 3©Fn = man 4 At A, Fn = 1500(1.929) = 2890 N
At B, Fn = 0
At C, Fn = 1500(2.41) = 3620 N
3 Note that the direction of Fn must
Thus, the total horizontal force acting on the tires becomes agree with that of an.

At A, F = √Fn 2 + Ft 2 = √(2890) 2 + (2170) 2 = 3620 N Ans.

At B, F = Ft = 2170 N Ans.
4 At C, F = √Fn + Ft = √(3620) + (2170) = 4220 N
2 2 2 2
Ans. 4 The angle made by a and F with the
direction of the path can be com-
puted if desired.
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 C u rv i l i n e a r Mo t i on 141

Sample Problem 3/9

Compute the magnitude v of the velocity required for the spacecraft S to


maintain a circular orbit of altitude 200 mi above the surface of the earth.

Solution. The only external force acting on the spacecraft is the force of grav-
1 itational attraction to the earth (i.e., its weight), as shown in the free-body dia-
gram. Summing forces in the normal direction yields

mme v2 Gme g
3©Fn = man 4 G =m , v= =R
(R + h) 2 (R + h) B (R + h) B (R + h)

where the substitution gR2 = Gme has been made. Substitution of numbers gives

32.234
v = (3959)(5280) = 25,326 ft/sec Ans.
B (3959 + 200)(5280)

Helpful Hint
1 Note that, for observations made within an inertial frame of reference, there is no such quantity as “centrifugal force”
acting in the minus n-direction. Note also that neither the spacecraft nor its occupants are “weightless,” because the
weight in each case is given by Newton’s law of gravitation. For this altitude, the weights are only about 10 percent less
than the earth-surface values. Finally, the term “zero-g” is also misleading. It is only when we make our observations
with respect to a coordinate system which has an acceleration equal to the gravitational acceleration (such as in an
orbiting spacecraft) that we appear to be in a “zero-g” environment. The quantity which does go to zero aboard orbit-
ing spacecraft is the familiar normal force associated with, for example, an object in contact with a horizontal surface
within the spacecraft.

Sample Problem 3/10

Tube A rotates about the vertical O-axis with a constant angular rate ␪˙ = ␻
and contains a small cylindrical plug B of mass m whose radial position is con-
trolled by the cord which passes freely through the tube and shaft and is wound
around the drum of radius b. Determine the tension T in the cord and the hori-
zontal component F␪ of force exerted by the tube on the plug if the constant
angular rate of rotation of the drum is ␻0 first in the direction for case (a) and
second in the direction for case (b). Neglect friction.

Solution. With r a variable, we use the polar-coordinate form of the equations


of motion, Eqs. 3 /8. The free-body diagram of B is shown in the horizontal plane
and discloses only T and F␪. The equations of motion are

3©Fr = mar 4 −T = m(r̈ − r␪˙ 2 )

3©F␪ = ma␪ 4 F␪ = m(r␪¨ + 2ṙ␪˙)

Case (a). With ṙ = +b␻0, r̈ = 0, and ␪¨ = 0, the forces become

T = mr␻2 F␪ = 2mb␻0␻ Ans.


Helpful Hint
1 Case (b). With ṙ = −b␻0, r̈ = 0, and ␪¨ = 0, the forces become 1 The minus sign shows that F␪ is in
the direction opposite to that shown
T = mr␻2 F␪ = −2mb␻0␻ Ans. on the free-body diagram.
142 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
m

3/47 The small 2-kg block A slides down the curved path
L
and passes the lowest point B with a speed of 4 m /s.
If the radius of curvature of the path at B is 1.5 m,
determine the normal force N exerted on the block θ
O
by the path at this point. Is knowledge of the fric-
tion properties necessary?

Problem 3/49

3/50 If the 180-lb ski-jumper attains a speed of 80 ft /sec


A
as he approaches the takeoff position, calculate the
magnitude N of the normal force exerted by the
snow on his skis just before he reaches A.

Problem 3/47

3/48 If the 2-kg block passes over the top B of the cir-
cular portion of the path with a speed of 3.5 m /s, 150′
calculate the magnitude NB of the normal force ex-
erted by the path on the block. Determine the maxi-
mum speed v which the block can have at A without
losing contact with the path.
30°
B A
A

Problem 3/50

ρ = 2.4 m 3/51 The 4-oz slider has a speed v = 3 ft /sec as it passes


30°
point A of the smooth guide, which lies in a horizon-
tal plane. Determine the magnitude R of the force
which the guide exerts on the slider (a) just before
it passes point A of the guide and (b) as it passes
Problem 3/48 point B.

3/49 The particle of mass m is attached to the light rigid


rod, and the assembly rotates about a horizontal axis
through O with a constant angular velocity ␪˙ = ␻.
Determine the tension T in the rod as a function of ␪.
8″

B
v
A

Problem 3/51
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 143

3/52 A jet transport plane flies in the trajectory shown in 3/55 The hollow tube is pivoted about a horizontal
order to allow astronauts to experience the “weight- axis through point O and is made to rotate in the
less” condition similar to that aboard orbiting space- vertical plane with a constant counterclockwise
craft. If the speed at the highest point is 600 mi / hr, angular velocity ␪˙ = 3 rad /sec. If a 0.2-lb particle is
what is the radius of curvature ␳ necessary to ex- sliding in the tube toward O with a velocity of
actly simulate the orbital “free-fall” environment? 6 ft /sec relative to the tube when the position
␪ = 30° is passed, calculate the magnitude N of the
normal force exerted by the wall of the tube on the
particle at this instant.

Problem 3/52

3/53 In the design of a space station to operate outside


the earth’s gravitational field, it is desired to give
the structure a rotational speed N which will simu- Problem 3/55
late the effect of the earth’s gravity for members of
the crew. If the centers of the crew’s quarters are to 3/56 A Formula-1 car encounters a hump which has a
be located 12 m from the axis of rotation, calculate circular shape with smooth transitions at both ends.
the necessary rotational speed N of the space sta- (a) What speed vB will cause the car to lose con-
tion in revolutions per minute. tact with the road at the topmost point B? (b) For
a speed vA = 190 km / h, what is the normal force
N
exerted by the road on the 640-kg car as it passes
point A?

B
A

12 m ρ = 300 m
10°

Problem 3/53
Problem 3/56
3/54 Determine the speed which the 630-kg four-man
bobsled must have in order to negotiate the turn 3/57 The small spheres are free to move on the inner
without reliance on friction. Also find the net nor- surface of the rotating spherical chambers shown
mal force exerted on the bobsled by the track. in section with radius R = 200 mm. If the spheres
reach a steady-state angular position ␤ = 45°, de-
termine the angular velocity Ω of the device.

30°
Ω

3R

G R
ρ = 50 m
β

Problem 3/57
Problem 3/54
144 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

3/58 A 180-lb snowboarder has speed v = 15 ft /sec when r


in the position shown on the halfpipe. Determine
the normal force on his snowboard and the magni- A
tude of his total acceleration at the instant depicted. ⋅
θ =ω
Use a value ␮k = 0.10 for the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the snowboard and the surface. Ne-
glect the weight of the snowboard and assume that
the mass center G of the snowboarder is 3 feet from
the surface of the snow.

30°
G Problem 3/60
22′ 22′
v
3/61 The standard test to determine the maximum lat-
eral acceleration of a car is to drive it around a
200-ft-diameter circle painted on a level asphalt
surface. The driver slowly increases the vehicle
Problem 3/58 speed until he is no longer able to keep both wheel
pairs straddling the line. If this maximum speed is
3/59 A child twirls a small 50-g ball attached to the end 35 mi / hr for a 3000-lb car, determine its lateral ac-
of a 1-m string so that the ball traces a circle in a celeration capability an in g’s and compute the mag-
vertical plane as shown. What is the minimum nitude F of the total friction force exerted by the
speed v which the ball must have when in position 1? pavement on the car tires.
If this speed is maintained throughout the circle,
calculate the tension T in the string when the ball
is in position 2. Neglect any small motion of the
child’s hand. v

1
100 ft

1m

Problem 3/61

2 3/62 The car of Prob. 3 /61 is traveling at 25 mi / hr when


the driver applies the brakes, and the car continues
to move along the circular path. What is the maxi-
Problem 3/59
mum deceleration possible if the tires are limited to
a total horizontal friction force of 2400 lb?
3/60 A small object A is held against the vertical side
of the rotating cylindrical container of radius r by
centrifugal action. If the coefficient of static fric- Representative Problems
tion between the object and the container is ␮s,
determine the expression for the minimum rota- 3/63 The flatbed truck carries a large section of circular
tional rate ␪˙ = ␻ of the container which will keep pipe secured only by the two fixed blocks A and B of
the object from slipping down the vertical side. height h. The truck is in a left turn of radius ␳. De-
termine the maximum speed for which the pipe will
be restrained. Use the values ␳ = 60 m, h = 0.1 m,
and R = 0.8 m.
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 145

ρ
N

3m
R

A B h
θ 10 m

Problem 3/63

3/64 The particle of mass m = 0.2 kg travels with con-


stant speed v in a circular path around the conical
body. Determine the tension T in the cord. Neglect Problem 3/65
all friction, and use the values h = 0.8 m and v =
0.6 m /s. For what value of v does the normal force 3/66 A 0.2-kg particle P is constrained to move along
go to zero? the vertical-plane circular slot of radius r = 0.5 m
and is confined to the slot of arm OA, which rotates
z about a horizontal axis through O with a constant
angular rate Ω = 3 rad /s. For the instant when ␤ =
20°, determine the force N exerted on the particle by
h the circular constraint and the force R exerted on it

2 by the slotted arm.
1.25h

A
h P

m
O Ω

y r
h O β
x –
2
O′
T

Problem 3/64
Problem 3/66

3/65 Calculate the necessary rotational speed N for the


3/67 Repeat the previous problem, only now the slotted
aerial ride in an amusement park in order that the
arm is rotating with angular velocity Ω = 3 rad /s,
arms of the gondolas will assume an angle ␪ = 60°
and this rate is increasing at 5 rad /s2.
with the vertical. Neglect the mass of the arms to
which the gondolas are attached and treat each
gondola as a particle.
146 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

3/68 At the instant under consideration, the cable at- 3/70 The slotted arm OA rotates about a fixed axis
tached to the cart of mass m1 is tangent to the cir- through O. At the instant under consideration, ␪ =
cular path of the cart. If the upward speed of the 30°, ␪˙ = 45 deg /s, and ␪¨ = 20 deg /s2. Determine the
cylinder of mass m2 is v2 = 1.2 m /s, determine the forces applied by both arm OA and the sides of the
acceleration of m1 and the tension T in the cable. slot to the 0.2-kg slider B. Neglect all friction, and
What would be the maximum speed of m2 for which let L = 0.6 m. The motion occurs in a vertical plane.
m1 remains in contact with the surface? Use the
values R = 1.75 m, m1 = 0.4 kg, m2 = 0.6 kg, and A
B
␤ = 30°.

m1 θ
O

v2
L

R m2
Problem 3/70
β
3/71 The configuration of Prob. 3 / 70 is now modified as
shown in the figure. Use all the data of Prob. 3 / 70
Problem 3/68 and determine the forces applied to the slider B by
both arm OA and the sides of the slot. Neglect all
3/69 The hollow tube assembly rotates about a vertical friction.
axis with angular velocity ␻ = ␪˙ = 4 rad /s and
␻˙ = ␪¨ = −2 rad /s2. A small 0.2-kg slider P moves A
inside the horizontal tube portion under the con- B
trol of the string which passes out the bottom of the
assembly. If r = 0.8 m, ṙ = −2 m /s, and r̈ = 4 m /s2,
determine the tension T in the string and the hori- m
zontal force F␪ exerted on the slider by the tube.

θ 75°
O
ω

L
r
Problem 3/71

P 3/72 Determine the altitude h (in kilometers) above the


surface of the earth at which a satellite in a circular
orbit has the same period, 23.9344 h, as the earth’s
absolute rotation. If such an orbit lies in the equato-
rial plane of the earth, it is said to be geosynchro-
nous, because the satellite does not appear to move
relative to an earth-fixed observer.
T

Problem 3/69
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 147

3/73 The quarter-circular slotted arm OA is rotating 3/75 The cars of an amusement park ride have a speed
about a horizontal axis through point O with a vA = 22 m /s at A and a speed vB = 12 m /s at B. If
constant counterclockwise angular velocity Ω = a 75-kg rider sits on a spring scale (which registers
7 rad /sec. The 0.1-lb particle P is epoxied to the arm the normal force exerted on it), determine the scale
at the position ␤ = 60°. Determine the tangential readings as the car passes points A and B. Assume
force F parallel to the slot which the epoxy must that the person’s arms and legs do not support ap-
support so that the particle does not move along the preciable force.
slot. The value of R = 1.4 ft.

A
vB
R 40 m
β
P vA B

Ω 20 m

A
O
Problem 3/75

3/76 The rocket moves in a vertical plane and is being


Problem 3/73
propelled by a thrust T of 32 kN. It is also subjected
to an atmospheric resistance R of 9.6 kN. If the
3/74 A 2-kg sphere S is being moved in a vertical plane
rocket has a velocity of 3 km /s and if the gravita-
by a robotic arm. When the angle ␪ is 30°, the an-
tional acceleration is 6 m /s2 at the altitude of the
gular velocity of the arm about a horizontal axis
rocket, calculate the radius of curvature ␳ of its
through O is 50 deg /s clockwise and its angular
path for the position described and the time-rate-
acceleration is 200 deg /s2 counterclockwise. In ad-
of-change of the magnitude v of the velocity of the
dition, the hydraulic element is being shortened at
rocket. The mass of the rocket at the instant consid-
the constant rate of 500 mm /s. Determine the nec-
ered is 2000 kg.
essary minimum gripping force P if the coefficient
of static friction between the sphere and the grip-
R
ping surfaces is 0.50. Compare P with the minimum
gripping force Ps required to hold the sphere in
static equilibrium in the 30° position.
Vertical

30°

Problem 3/76

Problem 3/74
148 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

3/77 The robot arm is elevating and extending simulta-


neously. At a given instant, ␪ = 30°, ␪˙ = 40 deg /s,
␪¨ = 120 deg /s2, l = 0.5 m, l̇ = 0.4 m /s, and l̈ = −0.3
m /s2. Compute the radial and transverse forces Fr
and F␪ that the arm must exert on the gripped part
P, which has a mass of 1.2 kg. Compare with the
case of static equilibrium in the same position.

Problem 3/79

3/80 The small object is placed on the inner surface of


the conical dish at the radius shown. If the coeffi-
cient of static friction between the object and the
conical surface is 0.30, for what range of angular
velocities ␻ about the vertical axis will the block
Problem 3/77
remain on the dish without slipping? Assume that
speed changes are made slowly so that any angular
3/78 The 0.1-lb projectile A is subjected to a drag
acceleration may be neglected.
force of magnitude kv2, where the constant k =
0.0002 lb-sec2/ ft2. This drag force always opposes the
0.2 m
velocity v. At the instant depicted, v = 100 ft /sec,
␪ = 45°, and r = 400 ft. Determine the correspond-
ing values of r̈ and ␪¨ . ω m

y 30°

A v

kv2 15°

r
Problem 3/80
θ
O x 3/81 The small object of mass m is placed on the rotat-
ing conical surface at the radius shown. If the coef-
Problem 3/78 ficient of static friction between the object and the
rotating surface is 0.80, calculate the maximum an-
3/79 Determine the speed v at which the race car will gular velocity ␻ of the cone about the vertical axis
have no tendency to slip sideways on the banked for which the object will not slip. Assume very grad-
track, that is, the speed at which there is no reli- ual angular-velocity changes.
ance on friction. In addition, determine the mini-
mum and maximum speeds, using the coefficient of
static friction ␮s = 0.90. State any assumptions.
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 149

ω
0.2 m

m
30°

Problem 3/83

Problem 3/81 3/84 Beginning from rest when ␪ = 20°, a 35-kg child
slides with negligible friction down the sliding
3/82 The spring-mounted 0.8-kg collar A oscillates along board which is in the shape of a 2.5-m circular arc.
the horizontal rod, which is rotating at the constant Determine the tangential acceleration and speed
angular rate ␪˙ = 6 rad /s. At a certain instant, r is of the child, and the normal force exerted on her
increasing at the rate of 800 mm /s. If the coefficient (a) when ␪ = 30° and (b) when ␪ = 90°.
of kinetic friction between the collar and the rod is
0.40, calculate the friction force F exerted by the rod θ
on the collar at this instant.

Vertical
. R = 2.5 m
r θ

Problem 3/82 Problem 3/84

3/85 A small coin is placed on the horizontal surface of


3/83 The slotted arm revolves in the horizontal plane
the rotating disk. If the disk starts from rest and is
about the fixed vertical axis through point O. The
given a constant angular acceleration ␪¨ = ␣, deter-
3-lb slider C is drawn toward O at the constant rate
mine an expression for the number of revolutions N
of 2 in. /sec by pulling the cord S. At the instant for
through which the disk turns before the coin slips.
which r = 9 in., the arm has a counterclockwise
The coefficient of static friction between the coin
angular velocity ␻ = 6 rad /sec and is slowing down
and the disk is ␮s .
at the rate of 2 rad /sec2. For this instant, determine
the tension T in the cord and the magnitude N of Vertical
the force exerted on the slider by the sides of the
smooth radial slot. Indicate which side, A or B, of ..
θ
the slot contacts the slider.

Problem 3/85
150 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

3/86 The rotating drum of a clothes dryer is shown in absence of radial forces. Plot the absolute path of
the figure. Determine the angular velocity Ω of the the particle during the time it is inside the tube for
drum which results in loss of contact between the r0 = 0.1 m, l = 1 m, and ␻0 = 1 rad /s.
clothes and the drum at ␪ = 50°. Assume that the
small vanes prevent slipping until loss of contact.

Problem 3/88
Problem 3/86
3/89 Remove the assumption of smooth surfaces as
3/87 The disk spins about the fixed axis BB, which is in- stated in Prob. 3 /88 and assume a coefficient of
clined at the angle ␣ to the vertical z-axis. A small kinetic friction ␮k between the particle and rotating
block A is placed on the disk in its lowest position P tube. Determine the radial position r of the parti-
at a distance r from the axis when the disk is at rest. cle as a function of time t if it is released with no
The angular velocity ␻ = ␪˙ is then increased very relative velocity at r = r0 when t = 0. Assume that
slowly, starting from zero. At what value of ␻ will static friction is overcome.
the block slip, and at what value of ␪ will the slip
first occur? Use the values ␣ = 20°, r = 0.4 m, and 3/90 A small vehicle enters the top A of the circular path
␮s = 0.60. What is the critical value of ␻ if ␣ = 0? with a horizontal velocity v0 and gathers speed as it
moves down the path. Determine an expression for
z the angle ␤ which locates the point where the vehi-
B cle leaves the path and becomes a projectile. Evalu-
ate your expression for v0 = 0. Neglect friction and
ω treat the vehicle as a particle.
α

v0 A

r B
θ R
A
P

B
Problem 3/90
Problem 3/87
3/91 The spacecraft P is in the elliptical orbit shown. At
3/88 The particle P is released at time t = 0 from the po- the instant represented, its speed is v = 13,244 ft /sec.
sition r = r0 inside the smooth tube with no velocity Determine the corresponding values of ṙ, ␪˙ , r̈, and ␪¨ .
relative to the tube, which is driven at the constant Use g = 32.23 ft /sec2 as the acceleration of gravity
angular velocity ␻0 about a vertical axis. Determine on the surface of the earth and R = 3959 mi as the
the radial velocity vr, the radial position r, and the radius of the earth.
transverse velocity v␪ as functions of time t. Explain
why the radial velocity increases with time in the
A r ti c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 151

v 3m
A
θ

m
μ k = 0.20

Problem 3/93

▶3/94 The slotted arm OB rotates in a horizontal plane


about point O of the fixed circular cam with con-
Problem 3/91
stant angular velocity ␪˙ = 15 rad /s. The spring has
a stiffness of 5 kN/ m and is uncompressed when
3/92 The uniform slender rod of length L, mass m, and
␪ = 0. The smooth roller A has a mass of 0.5 kg.
cross-sectional area A is rotating in a horizontal
Determine the normal force N which the cam exerts
plane about the vertical central axis O-O at a con-
on A and also the force R exerted on A by the sides
stant high angular velocity ␻. By analyzing the
of the slot when ␪ = 45°. All surfaces are smooth.
horizontal forces on the accelerating differential
Neglect the small diameter of the roller.
element shown, derive an expression for the tensile
stress ␴ in the rod as a function of r. The stress,
commonly referred to as centrifugal stress, equals the B
tensile force divided by the cross-sectional area A.

O ω
A θ

dr
r O
L/2

L/2 O

Problem 3/92 0.1 0.1


m m
▶3/93 A small object is released from rest at A and slides
with friction down the circular path. If the coeffi- Problem 3/94
cient of friction is 0.20, determine the velocity of the
object as it passes B. (Hint: Write the equations of
motion in the n- and t-directions, eliminate N, and
substitute v dv = at r d␪. The resulting equation is a
linear nonhomogeneous differential equation of the
form dy/dx + ƒ(x)y = g(x), the solution of which is
well known.)
152 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es

▶3/95 Each tire on the 1350-kg car can support a maxi- ▶3/96 A small collar of mass m is given an initial veloc-
mum friction force parallel to the road surface of ity of magnitude v0 on the horizontal circular track
2500 N. This force limit is nearly constant over all fabricated from a slender rod. If the coefficient of ki-
possible rectilinear and curvilinear car motions and netic friction is ␮k , determine the distance traveled
is attainable only if the car does not skid. Under before the collar comes to rest. (Hint: Recognize that
this maximum braking, determine the total stop- the friction force depends on the net normal force.)
ping distance s if the brakes are first applied at
point A when the car speed is 25 m /s and if the car
follows the centerline of the road.

10 m

A v0

Problem 3/96
ρ = 80 m

Problem 3/95

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