Meriam - Dynamics - 8th Ed (2015) - 2
Meriam - Dynamics - 8th Ed (2015) - 2
Determine the maximum speed v which the sliding block may have as it
passes point A without losing contact with the surface.
Solution. The condition for loss of contact is that the normal force N which
the surface exerts on the block goes to zero. Summing forces in the normal direc-
tion gives
v2
3©Fn = man 4 mg = m v = √g Ans.
If the speed at A were less than √g, then an upward normal force exerted by
the surface on the block would exist. In order for the block to have a speed at A
which is greater than √g, some type of constraint, such as a second curved
surface above the block, would have to be introduced to provide additional
downward force.
Small objects are released from rest at A and slide down the smooth circu-
lar surface of radius R to a conveyor B. Determine the expression for the nor-
mal contact force N between the guide and each object in terms of and specify
the correct angular velocity of the conveyor pulley of radius r to prevent any
sliding on the belt as the objects transfer to the conveyor.
Solution. The free-body diagram of the object is shown together with the co-
ordinate directions n and t. The normal force N depends on the n-component of
the acceleration which, in turn, depends on the velocity. The velocity will be cu-
mulative according to the tangential acceleration at. Hence, we will find at first
for any general position.
∫ v dv = ∫ g cos d(R)
v
Helpful Hint
3v dv = at ds 4 v2 = 2gR sin
0 0
1 It is essential here that we recognize
We obtain the normal force by summing forces in the positive n-direction, which the need to express the tangential ac-
is the direction of the n-component of acceleration. celeration as a function of position so
that v may be found by integrating
v2 the kinematical relation v dv = at ds,
3©Fn = man 4 N − mg sin = m N = 3mg sin Ans. in which all quantities are measured
R
along the path.
The conveyor pulley must turn at the rate v = r for = /2, so that
= √2gR/r Ans.
140 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es
A 1500-kg car enters a section of curved road in the horizontal plane and
slows down at a uniform rate from a speed of 100 km/ h at A to a speed of 50 km/ h
as it passes C. The radius of curvature of the road at A is 400 m and at C is
80 m. Determine the total horizontal force exerted by the road on the tires
at positions A, B, and C. Point B is the inflection point where the curvature
changes direction.
Solution. The car will be treated as a particle so that the effect of all forces
exerted by the road on the tires will be treated as a single force. Since the mo-
tion is described along the direction of the road, normal and tangential coordi-
nates will be used to specify the acceleration of the car. We will then determine
the forces from the accelerations.
The constant tangential acceleration is in the negative t-direction, and its
magnitude is given by
(50/3.6) 2 − (100/3.6) 2
1 [vC 2 = vA2 + 2at Δs] at = p p = 1.447 m/s2
2(200)
At B, F = Ft = 2170 N Ans.
4 At C, F = √Fn + Ft = √(3620) + (2170) = 4220 N
2 2 2 2
Ans. 4 The angle made by a and F with the
direction of the path can be com-
puted if desired.
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 C u rv i l i n e a r Mo t i on 141
Solution. The only external force acting on the spacecraft is the force of grav-
1 itational attraction to the earth (i.e., its weight), as shown in the free-body dia-
gram. Summing forces in the normal direction yields
mme v2 Gme g
3©Fn = man 4 G =m , v= =R
(R + h) 2 (R + h) B (R + h) B (R + h)
where the substitution gR2 = Gme has been made. Substitution of numbers gives
32.234
v = (3959)(5280) = 25,326 ft/sec Ans.
B (3959 + 200)(5280)
Helpful Hint
1 Note that, for observations made within an inertial frame of reference, there is no such quantity as “centrifugal force”
acting in the minus n-direction. Note also that neither the spacecraft nor its occupants are “weightless,” because the
weight in each case is given by Newton’s law of gravitation. For this altitude, the weights are only about 10 percent less
than the earth-surface values. Finally, the term “zero-g” is also misleading. It is only when we make our observations
with respect to a coordinate system which has an acceleration equal to the gravitational acceleration (such as in an
orbiting spacecraft) that we appear to be in a “zero-g” environment. The quantity which does go to zero aboard orbit-
ing spacecraft is the familiar normal force associated with, for example, an object in contact with a horizontal surface
within the spacecraft.
Tube A rotates about the vertical O-axis with a constant angular rate ˙ =
and contains a small cylindrical plug B of mass m whose radial position is con-
trolled by the cord which passes freely through the tube and shaft and is wound
around the drum of radius b. Determine the tension T in the cord and the hori-
zontal component F of force exerted by the tube on the plug if the constant
angular rate of rotation of the drum is 0 first in the direction for case (a) and
second in the direction for case (b). Neglect friction.
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
m
3/47 The small 2-kg block A slides down the curved path
L
and passes the lowest point B with a speed of 4 m /s.
If the radius of curvature of the path at B is 1.5 m,
determine the normal force N exerted on the block θ
O
by the path at this point. Is knowledge of the fric-
tion properties necessary?
Problem 3/49
Problem 3/47
3/48 If the 2-kg block passes over the top B of the cir-
cular portion of the path with a speed of 3.5 m /s, 150′
calculate the magnitude NB of the normal force ex-
erted by the path on the block. Determine the maxi-
mum speed v which the block can have at A without
losing contact with the path.
30°
B A
A
Problem 3/50
B
v
A
Problem 3/51
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 143
3/52 A jet transport plane flies in the trajectory shown in 3/55 The hollow tube is pivoted about a horizontal
order to allow astronauts to experience the “weight- axis through point O and is made to rotate in the
less” condition similar to that aboard orbiting space- vertical plane with a constant counterclockwise
craft. If the speed at the highest point is 600 mi / hr, angular velocity ˙ = 3 rad /sec. If a 0.2-lb particle is
what is the radius of curvature necessary to ex- sliding in the tube toward O with a velocity of
actly simulate the orbital “free-fall” environment? 6 ft /sec relative to the tube when the position
= 30° is passed, calculate the magnitude N of the
normal force exerted by the wall of the tube on the
particle at this instant.
Problem 3/52
B
A
12 m ρ = 300 m
10°
Problem 3/53
Problem 3/56
3/54 Determine the speed which the 630-kg four-man
bobsled must have in order to negotiate the turn 3/57 The small spheres are free to move on the inner
without reliance on friction. Also find the net nor- surface of the rotating spherical chambers shown
mal force exerted on the bobsled by the track. in section with radius R = 200 mm. If the spheres
reach a steady-state angular position  = 45°, de-
termine the angular velocity Ω of the device.
30°
Ω
3R
G R
ρ = 50 m
β
Problem 3/57
Problem 3/54
144 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es
30°
G Problem 3/60
22′ 22′
v
3/61 The standard test to determine the maximum lat-
eral acceleration of a car is to drive it around a
200-ft-diameter circle painted on a level asphalt
surface. The driver slowly increases the vehicle
Problem 3/58 speed until he is no longer able to keep both wheel
pairs straddling the line. If this maximum speed is
3/59 A child twirls a small 50-g ball attached to the end 35 mi / hr for a 3000-lb car, determine its lateral ac-
of a 1-m string so that the ball traces a circle in a celeration capability an in g’s and compute the mag-
vertical plane as shown. What is the minimum nitude F of the total friction force exerted by the
speed v which the ball must have when in position 1? pavement on the car tires.
If this speed is maintained throughout the circle,
calculate the tension T in the string when the ball
is in position 2. Neglect any small motion of the
child’s hand. v
1
100 ft
1m
Problem 3/61
ρ
N
3m
R
A B h
θ 10 m
Problem 3/63
A
h P
m
O Ω
y r
h O β
x –
2
O′
T
Problem 3/64
Problem 3/66
3/68 At the instant under consideration, the cable at- 3/70 The slotted arm OA rotates about a fixed axis
tached to the cart of mass m1 is tangent to the cir- through O. At the instant under consideration, =
cular path of the cart. If the upward speed of the 30°, ˙ = 45 deg /s, and ¨ = 20 deg /s2. Determine the
cylinder of mass m2 is v2 = 1.2 m /s, determine the forces applied by both arm OA and the sides of the
acceleration of m1 and the tension T in the cable. slot to the 0.2-kg slider B. Neglect all friction, and
What would be the maximum speed of m2 for which let L = 0.6 m. The motion occurs in a vertical plane.
m1 remains in contact with the surface? Use the
values R = 1.75 m, m1 = 0.4 kg, m2 = 0.6 kg, and A
B
 = 30°.
m1 θ
O
v2
L
R m2
Problem 3/70
β
3/71 The configuration of Prob. 3 / 70 is now modified as
shown in the figure. Use all the data of Prob. 3 / 70
Problem 3/68 and determine the forces applied to the slider B by
both arm OA and the sides of the slot. Neglect all
3/69 The hollow tube assembly rotates about a vertical friction.
axis with angular velocity = ˙ = 4 rad /s and
˙ = ¨ = −2 rad /s2. A small 0.2-kg slider P moves A
inside the horizontal tube portion under the con- B
trol of the string which passes out the bottom of the
assembly. If r = 0.8 m, ṙ = −2 m /s, and r̈ = 4 m /s2,
determine the tension T in the string and the hori- m
zontal force F exerted on the slider by the tube.
θ 75°
O
ω
L
r
Problem 3/71
Problem 3/69
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 147
3/73 The quarter-circular slotted arm OA is rotating 3/75 The cars of an amusement park ride have a speed
about a horizontal axis through point O with a vA = 22 m /s at A and a speed vB = 12 m /s at B. If
constant counterclockwise angular velocity Ω = a 75-kg rider sits on a spring scale (which registers
7 rad /sec. The 0.1-lb particle P is epoxied to the arm the normal force exerted on it), determine the scale
at the position  = 60°. Determine the tangential readings as the car passes points A and B. Assume
force F parallel to the slot which the epoxy must that the person’s arms and legs do not support ap-
support so that the particle does not move along the preciable force.
slot. The value of R = 1.4 ft.
A
vB
R 40 m
β
P vA B
Ω 20 m
A
O
Problem 3/75
30°
Problem 3/76
Problem 3/74
148 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es
Problem 3/79
y 30°
A v
kv2 15°
r
Problem 3/80
θ
O x 3/81 The small object of mass m is placed on the rotat-
ing conical surface at the radius shown. If the coef-
Problem 3/78 ficient of static friction between the object and the
rotating surface is 0.80, calculate the maximum an-
3/79 Determine the speed v at which the race car will gular velocity of the cone about the vertical axis
have no tendency to slip sideways on the banked for which the object will not slip. Assume very grad-
track, that is, the speed at which there is no reli- ual angular-velocity changes.
ance on friction. In addition, determine the mini-
mum and maximum speeds, using the coefficient of
static friction s = 0.90. State any assumptions.
A rt i c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 149
ω
0.2 m
m
30°
Problem 3/83
Problem 3/81 3/84 Beginning from rest when = 20°, a 35-kg child
slides with negligible friction down the sliding
3/82 The spring-mounted 0.8-kg collar A oscillates along board which is in the shape of a 2.5-m circular arc.
the horizontal rod, which is rotating at the constant Determine the tangential acceleration and speed
angular rate ˙ = 6 rad /s. At a certain instant, r is of the child, and the normal force exerted on her
increasing at the rate of 800 mm /s. If the coefficient (a) when = 30° and (b) when = 90°.
of kinetic friction between the collar and the rod is
0.40, calculate the friction force F exerted by the rod θ
on the collar at this instant.
Vertical
. R = 2.5 m
r θ
Problem 3/85
150 Chapter 3 Kinet i c s of Par t i c l es
3/86 The rotating drum of a clothes dryer is shown in absence of radial forces. Plot the absolute path of
the figure. Determine the angular velocity Ω of the the particle during the time it is inside the tube for
drum which results in loss of contact between the r0 = 0.1 m, l = 1 m, and 0 = 1 rad /s.
clothes and the drum at = 50°. Assume that the
small vanes prevent slipping until loss of contact.
Problem 3/88
Problem 3/86
3/89 Remove the assumption of smooth surfaces as
3/87 The disk spins about the fixed axis BB, which is in- stated in Prob. 3 /88 and assume a coefficient of
clined at the angle ␣ to the vertical z-axis. A small kinetic friction k between the particle and rotating
block A is placed on the disk in its lowest position P tube. Determine the radial position r of the parti-
at a distance r from the axis when the disk is at rest. cle as a function of time t if it is released with no
The angular velocity = ˙ is then increased very relative velocity at r = r0 when t = 0. Assume that
slowly, starting from zero. At what value of will static friction is overcome.
the block slip, and at what value of will the slip
first occur? Use the values ␣ = 20°, r = 0.4 m, and 3/90 A small vehicle enters the top A of the circular path
s = 0.60. What is the critical value of if ␣ = 0? with a horizontal velocity v0 and gathers speed as it
moves down the path. Determine an expression for
z the angle  which locates the point where the vehi-
B cle leaves the path and becomes a projectile. Evalu-
ate your expression for v0 = 0. Neglect friction and
ω treat the vehicle as a particle.
α
v0 A
r B
θ R
A
P
B
Problem 3/90
Problem 3/87
3/91 The spacecraft P is in the elliptical orbit shown. At
3/88 The particle P is released at time t = 0 from the po- the instant represented, its speed is v = 13,244 ft /sec.
sition r = r0 inside the smooth tube with no velocity Determine the corresponding values of ṙ, ˙ , r̈, and ¨ .
relative to the tube, which is driven at the constant Use g = 32.23 ft /sec2 as the acceleration of gravity
angular velocity 0 about a vertical axis. Determine on the surface of the earth and R = 3959 mi as the
the radial velocity vr, the radial position r, and the radius of the earth.
transverse velocity v as functions of time t. Explain
why the radial velocity increases with time in the
A r ti c l e 3 / 5 P r o b l e ms 151
v 3m
A
θ
m
μ k = 0.20
Problem 3/93
O ω
A θ
dr
r O
L/2
L/2 O
▶3/95 Each tire on the 1350-kg car can support a maxi- ▶3/96 A small collar of mass m is given an initial veloc-
mum friction force parallel to the road surface of ity of magnitude v0 on the horizontal circular track
2500 N. This force limit is nearly constant over all fabricated from a slender rod. If the coefficient of ki-
possible rectilinear and curvilinear car motions and netic friction is k , determine the distance traveled
is attainable only if the car does not skid. Under before the collar comes to rest. (Hint: Recognize that
this maximum braking, determine the total stop- the friction force depends on the net normal force.)
ping distance s if the brakes are first applied at
point A when the car speed is 25 m /s and if the car
follows the centerline of the road.
10 m
A v0
Problem 3/96
ρ = 80 m
Problem 3/95