Important Questions for Class 12

Chemistry
Chapter 4- Chemical Kinetics

1. For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03

M to 0.02M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units
of time both in minutes and seconds.

Ans: [R
Average rate of 
reaction t
[R]2 [R]1

t2  t1
0.02  0.03
   4104
1
Mmin 25

Also, it can be expressed in seconds as:

4104 6
Average rate of   6.67
reaction 10 60

2. In a reaction, 2A Products, the concentration of A decreases from

→

0.5 mol L- to 0.4 mol L- in 10 minutes. Calculate the rate during this interval.
1
1

Ans:

Average rate = 1   A
2 t
1  A
  A
 2 1

2 t2  t1

1 0.4 - 0.5 1 1 - 0.1

 2  10  2  10
=0.005 mol L- 1 = 510 - 3M min - 1
3. For a reaction, A +
B
Product; the rate law is given by r = k  A 2 . What
1
B  2

→
is the order of the reaction?

Ans:
1
The order of the reaction  +2 = 2 = 2.5
1
2 2

4. The conversion of molecules X to Y follows second order kinetics. If

concentration of x is increased to three times how will it affect the rate
of formation of Y?

Ans:
Because the reaction X  Y has second-order kinetics, the rate law equation
will be Rate  kC2 , with C   x  .

The rate law equation for the reaction X  Y will be Rate  k C2 , with
C  xbecause it possesses second-order kinetics. So, x  3C mol L- 1

The rate equation is

Rate  K (3C)2

 9(kC2 )

As a result, the reaction rate will increase by 9 times.

As a result, the rate at which Y is formed will grow by 9 times.

5. A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15×10 - 3 s - 1 . How long will
5g this reactant takes to reduce to 3g?

Ans:
Initial amount =
= 5g
R  0
Final concentration =
= 3g
R 
Rate constant = 1.1510 - 3s - 1

For a first order reaction

2.303
t R0
log
k R

2.303 5
 1.15103 log
3

2.303
 1.15103  0.2219

= 444.38 s or 444 s

6. Time required to decompose SO Cl to half its initial amount is 60

2 2

minutes. If the decomposition is a first order reaction, calculate the rate

constant of the reaction.

Ans:
First order reaction
0.693
t1 
2
k

t1  60 min
2

0.693
k
t1
2

0.693
  0.01155min1
60

 1.155min1

k = 1.925 0.1 - 1s - 1
7. What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant?
Ans:
A 10 increase in temperature almost doubles the rate constant of a process. The
Arrhenius equation, on the other hand, gives the exact temperature dependency of
the rate of a chemical reaction.

k  AeEa/ RT

Where, A stands for the Arrhenius factor, also known as the frequency factor.

T stands for temperature. The gas constant is R. The activation energy is referred
to Ea .

8. The rate of the chemical reaction doubles for an increase of 10 K in

absolute temperature from 298 K. Calculate Ea .

Ans:
Given, T1  298K , T2  (298 10)K .

We also know that when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees Celsius, the
reaction rate doubles. As a result, we'll use the k1 = k , and k2 = 2k .
values

R  8.314JK 1mol1

On substitution
k2 Ea T 2  T 1 
 
 T1T2 
k1 2.303R
2k Ea
log   10 
k 2.3038.314  298 308 

2.3038.314 298308log 2
Ea 
10
  52897.78 J mol - 1

 52.89 kJ mol - 1

9. The activation energy for the reaction 2HI( g) H2 + I2( g) 209.5 kJ mol - 1 at
is

→
581 k. Calculate the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy equal to
or greater than activation energy.
Ans: Ea  209.5kJ - 1  209500 J mol - 1

T  581K

R  8.314 J k - 1
mol - 1

The percentage of reactant molecules with energy equal to or greater than

activation energy is now:

x  e Ea / RT

In   Ea / RT

log x   Ea
2.303RT
- 1
209500 J mol
log x  18.8323
2.3038.314Jk - 1
mol - 1
 581

x  Anti log(18.8323) 1.471019

NCERT Exercise

1. From the rate expression for the following reactions, determine their
order of reaction and the dimensions of the rate constants.

A: 3NOg
N2O  g  ;Rate = k NO
2
→

Ans:
Given
k Rate
H O I  
2 2  

Order of the reaction= 2

Rate
k
 NO
2

Therefore, Dimension of mol L - 1s - 1

k
(mol L - 1)2
- 1 - 1
mol L s - 1 - 1

mol2 L - 2 = L mol s
B: H2O2( aq)+ 3I -( aq)+ 2H
2H2O( I)+ I; Rate = k H2O2 I - 
+

 
→

Ans:
Given, k  H O   I  
2 2  

Order of the reaction k Rate

 H O I  
2 2  
- 1 - 1
Dimension
of mol L - 1s - 1
mol L s - 1 - 1
  = L mol s
k
mol2 L - 2
(mol L - 1)2
C: CH CHO( g) CH( g)+ CO( g) ; Rate = k CH CHO
3/ 2

3 4 3
→

Given,
rate  k CH3 CHO
3/2

3
Order of the reaction will be
2

Rate
k 3
CH 3CHO2
Dimension 1 -1
of mol - 1s - = mol s = L mol s
-1 -1 2 2 - 1

1
3 3 3
- 1 2
(mol L ) mol L 2 2

D: C2H5Cl( g)
C2H4( g)+ HCl( g) ; Rate = k C2H5Cl
→
Given,
rate  k C2 H5Cl 

Order of the reaction 1

Rate
k 
 2 H 5Cl 
C

Dimension
of - 1 - 1
mol L s - 1

=s
mol L - 1

2. For the reaction: 2A + rate = k

A2B the with
→

B
 A B
2

k = 2.0×10 - 6 mol - 2L2s - 1.

Calculate the reaction's beginning rate when A = 0.1 mol L- 1 ,  A  = 0.1 mol L- 1

Calculate the rate of reaction after A , is reduced 0.06 mol L- 1

to Ans:
The initial rate of the reaction is

Rate = k  A  B =  2.010 - 6 mol - 2 L2s - 1  0.1mol L - 1  0.2 mol L - 1 

2 2

= 8.010 - 9molL- 1s - 1

The concentration of A responded when A was lowered from

- 1 - 1
0.1 mol L to 0.06 mol L .

= 0.1 0.06mol L- 1 = 0.04 mol L- 1

As a result, B concentration= 1  0.04 mol L- 1 = 0.02 mol L- 1
2

After then, the concentration of B responded.

B = 0.2  0.02mol L- 1 = 0.18mol L- 1

The rate of the reaction is given by once A is lowered to 0.06 mol L - 1.

*20lRate
= k  A B =  2.010 - 6 mol - 2L2s - 1  0.06mol L - 1  0.8mol L - 1 
2 2

= 3.8910 - 9mol L- 1s - 1

3. The decomposition of NH on platinum surface is zero order reaction.

3

What are the rates of production of N2 and H 2 if k = 2.5 × 10 - 4 mol - 1L s - 1

?

Ans: The following equation represents the breakdown of NH on a platinum

3
surface.

2NH3( g Pt  N+ 3H + 3H

2 g 2 g  2 g 

1 d  NH3  d  N2 1 d H2 

Rate    
2 dt dt 3 dt

It is assumed, however, that the reaction is of zero order.

So,
1 d  NH3  d  N2 1 d H2 

Rate    
2 dt dt 3 dt

= 2.510 - 4mol L- 1s - 1

As a result, the rate of N2 production is

d  N 2  2.5104

dt 2

= 1.2510 - 4molL1s - 1

In addition, the rate of H2 production is increasing.

d  N2  3
  2.5104
dt 2

= 3.7510 - 4mol L- 1 s - 1

4. The decomposition of dimethyl ether leads to the formation of

CH4 , H2
and CO and the reaction rate is given Rate = k = [CH3OCH3 ]3/2 . The rate of
by
reaction is followed by increase in pressure in a closed vessel, so the rate can
also be expressed in terms of the partial pressure of dimethy l ether, i.e
Rate = k =( PCH3OCH3 .It the pressure is measured in bar and time in
)3/2
minutes, then what are the units of rate and rate constants?
Ans:

In addition, the rate H2 production is increasing.

of

Rate  k  (PCH OCH )3/2

3 3

Rate
k
PCH3OCH3

Hence, the unit of rate constants

bar min1
k 3 1/2
bar 2  min1
bar
5. Mention the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

Ans:
The rate of a reaction is influenced by several things.

(i) Reactant nature: The rate of the reaction is determined by the reactant's nature.
Ionic compound reactions, for example, are faster than covalent compound
reactions.

(ii) Reactant state: Solid reactions are sluggish, liquid reactions are quick, and gas
reactions are very fast.

(iii) Temperature: The rate of reaction is heavily influenced by the temperature.

Temperature raises the pace of reaction by 2-3 times for every 100C increase in
temperature.

rT 10
rT  
2 3

The temperature coefficient is the name given to this proportion.

The average kinetic energy of reactant molecules increases as the temperature

rises. As a result, the rate of collisions rises. The number of molecules with
threshold energy grows as the temperature rises. As a result, the rate of reaction
accelerates.

iv) Catalyst presence: The rate of reaction also is affected by the presence of a
catalyst. Catalysts boost reaction rates by increasing reaction surface area,
generating an unstable intermediate with the substrate, and providing a lower-
activation-energy alternative path.

6. A reaction is second order with respect to a reactant. How is the rate of

reaction affected if the concentration of the reactant is

(i) doubled
Ans: Let the reactant concentration be
= a.
A
Rate of reaction, R 
k  A
2

 ka2

If the reactant concentration is doubled, = a , the reaction rate is

A
R  k  2a 
2
4ka2  4R


As a result, the reaction rate would increase by four times.

(ii) reduced to half?

1
Ans: If the reactant's concentration is cut in half,  A  a
2

The rate of reaction will be

2
1 
Rk a
2 
1 1
 ka  R
4 4

As a result, the reaction rate would be lowered th

to =1
4

7. What is the effect of temperature on the rate constant of a reaction?

How can this temperature effect on rate constant be represented
quantitatively?

Ans:

k  AeEa/ RT

Where k is the rate constant,

A denotes the Arrhenius factor or frequency factor,

R denotes the gas constant,

T denotes the temperature, and Ea denotes the activation energy for the
reaction.
k2 Ea
log  T 2  T 1 
 
k1 2.303  T1T2 
k1 = rate constant at temperature T1

k2 = rate constant at temperature T2

8. In a pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results

were obtained:

t/s 0 30 60 90

Estermol L- 1 0.55 0.31 0.17 0.085

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60
seconds.

d Ester
Ans: Average reaction time between 30 and 60
dt
seconds=

0.31 0.17 0.14

 60  30  30

= 4.6710 - 3mol L- 1s - 1

(ii) Calculate the pseudo first order rate constant for the hydrolysis of
ester Ans: pseudo first order reaction

2.303 [ Ester
k ]0 t log [ Ester ]

When t  30s
2.303  0.55 
k log  1.91102 / s
 
30 0.31

When t  60s
 2.303  0.55 
k log  1.96102 / s
 
60 0.17
When t  90s
2.303  0.55 
k log  2.07 102 / s
 
90 0.085
k1 k2  k3
Average rate constant k   1.98102 / s
3

9. A reaction is first order in A and second order in B.

i. Write the differential rate equation.

ii. How is the rate affected on increasing the concentration of three times?

iii. How is the rate affected when the concentrations of both A and B are
doubled

Ans:
(i) The differential rate equation will be the following:
d[R]
dt  k[ A][B]
2

(ii) If B's concentration is three times higher, then

d[R]
dt  k[ A][3B] 
2
9.k[ A][B]2


As a result, the reaction rate will rise by 9 times.

(iii) When both A and B concentrations are doubled,

d[R]
dt  k[ A][B]
2

 k[2 A][2B]2
 8.k
 A  B 
2
As a result, the reaction rate will rise by eight times.

10. In a reaction between A and B the initial rate of reaction (r0) was
measured for different initial concentrations of A and B as given below.

A/mol L- 1 0.20 0.20 0.04

B/mol L- 1 0.30 0.10 0.05

- 1 - 1
ro/mol L s 5.0710 - 5 5.0710 - 5 1.4310 - 4

What is the order of the reaction with respect to A and B?

Ans: Let the reaction order be x with respect to A and y with respect to B.
Therefore,
ro k[ A]x [B]y


5.07 105  k 0.20 0.30 ..  i 

x y

5.07 105  k 0.20 x 0.10 y . ii

    
1.43105  k 0.40 0.05 ..  iii 
x y

5.07
105 k[0.20]x [0.30]y
 k  [0.20]x [0.30]
5.07 105

0.30
y

I 
0.10
y

x y
 0.30   0.30 
 0.10   0.10 
   

y0

We get equation (ii) by dividing equation (ii) by equation (ii).

 1.43104
k [0.40]x[0.05]y
5.07 10 5  k [0.20]y[0.30]y

1.43104
k [0.40]x
5.07 10 5  k [0.20]y

[0.05]y [0.30]y  1

2.821  2x

log 2.821 x log 2



log 2.821
x =1.496=1.5approximately
log 2

As a result, the reaction's order regarding A is 1.5 and zero with respect to B.

11. The following results have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the
reaction: 2A + B C+D
→

Experiment A / mol L- 1 B / mol L- 1 Initial rate of formation of D / mol L- 1min

- 1

I 0.1 0.1 6.0×10-3

II 0.3 0.2 7.3×10-2

III 0.3 0.4 2.88×10-1

IV 0.4 0.1 2.40×10-2

Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction

Ans:

Let the reaction order be x for reaction with respect to A and y for reaction with
respect to B. As a result, the reaction rate is given by,
Rate  k  A  B 
x y

6.0 103  k  0.1  0.1  i 

x y

7.2102  k  0.3  0.2  ii 

x y

2.88101  k  0.3  0.1  iii 

x y

2.40102  k  0.4  0.1  iv 

x y

When we divide equation (iv) by I we get,

2.40102 k  [0.4]x [0.1]y

6.0103  k  [0.1]x [0.1]y

0.4
x x
 0.4 
4 =4 
 0.1  0.1
x

x1

Divide (iii) by (i)

2.88101
k 0.3 0.4
x y

7.210 
2

k 0.3 0.2
x y

y0.4
  4  2y
4
 0.2 
 22  2y  y  2

Rate law

Rate
 A  B 
2
 k

Rate
k
 A B 
2

From experiment I we understand

 6.0103mol L- 1min - 1
k =
 0.1mol L  0.1mol L 
2
- 1 - 1

= 6.0 L2mol - 2min - 1

From experiment II we understand

2.8810 - 1mol L - 1min - 1
2 - 2 - 1
k =
0.3mol L 0.4mol L 
- 1 - 1 2
= 6.0L mol min

From experiment III we understand

- 2
2.4010 mol L - 1min - 1
2 - 2 - 1
k = = 6.0L mol min
 0.4mol L  0.1mol L
- 1 - 1


2

Hence, the rate constant k = 6.0 L2mol - 2min - 1

12. The reaction between A and B is first order with respect to A and zero
order with respect to B. Fill in the blanks in the following table:

Experiment A / mol L- 1 B / mol L- 1 Initial rate / mol L- 1min - 1

I 0.1 0.1 2.0×10-2

II ---- 0.2 4.0×10-2

III 0.4 0.4 ----

IV ---- 0.2 2.0×10-2

Ans: With respect to A, the given reaction is first order, whereas with respect to B,
it is zero order.

The rate of the reaction

Rate 
k  A  B 
1 0

Rate  k  A

From 1st experiment,


2.010 - 2mol L- 1min - 1 = k 0.1molL- 1

k = 0.2 min - 1

From 2nd experiment,

4.010 - 2mol L- 1min - 1 =

k 0.2mol L- 1 
 A = 0.2 mol L- 1
From 3rd experiment,

Rate = 0.2 min - 1  0.4 mol L- 1

= 0.08 mol L- 1min - 1

From 4th experiment

2.010 - 2mol L- 1min - 1 = 0.2 min - 1  A

 A = 0.1mol L- 1

13. Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction from their rate constants
given below:

i 200s - 1 ii2min-1 iii4years-1

Ans:

(i) Half 0.693 0.693

t1   1
 0.346102
life 2
k 200S

(ii) Half 0.693 0.693

life t1    0.346 min
2
k 2 min1
(iii) Half 0.693 0.693
 0.173years
t1  
life 2
k 4
years1

14. The half-life for radioactive decay of C-12 is 5730 years. An

archeological artifact containing wood had only 80% of the C-14 found
in a living tree. Estimate the age of the sample.

Ans:
The dynamics of radioactive decay are first order. As a result, the decay
constant
0.693
Decay constant k   0.693
t1/ 2  1.209104 / years
5730 year

The rate of counts is proportional to the number of C-14 atoms in the sample.
N0  100, N  80
2.303 N 
The age of the sample t  log 0 
k N
 

2.303  100 
t  1.209104 log  
 1846 years
 80 

Therefore, the sample age is 1846 years.

15. The experimental

data for decomposition of
N2O5[2N2O5  4NO2 + O2 in gas phase at 318K are given
]
below:

t/s 0 4 8 1 1 2 2 1 3
0 0 2 6 0 4 8 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 0
10-2[N2O5 ] . . . . . . .
/mol L- 1 6 3 1 9 7 6 5
3 6 4 3 8 4 3

(i) Plot log[N2O5 ] against t.

Ans. The plot is as follows:

(ii) Find the half-life period for the reaction.

Ans: The period that corresponds to the concentration
1.63010 - 2 1 -2 1
mol L = 0.81510 is half- life.
molL
2

Observing the graph, the half life is 1440s.

(iii) Draw a graph between log[N2O5 ] and t.

Ans:

t(s) 102   N O /mol L- 1 Log  N2O5 

2 5

0 1.63 -1.79

400 1.36 -1.87

800 1.14 -1.94

1200 0.93 -2.03

1600 0.78 -2.11

2000 0.64 -2.19

2400 0.53 -2.28

2800 0.43 -2.37

3200 0.35 -2.46

(iv) What is the rate law?

Ans: The provided reaction is of first order, as evidenced by the straight-line plot
of log N2O5 v/s t. As a result, the reaction's rate law Rate  k[N2O5 ]
is

(v) Calculate the rate constant.

Ans: From the plot N O v/s t, we get

2 5

2.46  (1.79) 0.67

slope   = 4.8210 - 4mol L- 1s - 1
3200  0 3200

(vi) Calculate the half-life period from k and compare it with

(ii) Ans: Half life given by
 2.46  (1.79) 0.67
slope   = 4.8210 - 4mol L- 1s - 1 =1438 s
3200  0 3200

The value of t1 computed from k is extremely close to the value acquired from
2

graph.

16. Rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s-1. How much time will it take
to reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to its 1/16th value?

Ans:

2.303
t k log R
R
2.303 1
 60s - 1 log 1

2.303
 log16
- 1
60s

 4.62102s

17. During nuclear explosion, one of the products is 90Sr with half-life of 28.1
years. If 1 µg of 90Sr was absorbed in the bones of a newly born baby instead
of calcium, how much of it will remain after 10 years and 60 years if it is not
lost metabolically?

Ans:
 0.693 0.693 1
k  28.1 v
t1
2

Knowing

0.303 lo R
t k g R
0.303 1
t  0.693 log
10
28.1  R 
0.303
 (108R) logR 10  R
 0.303
0.693 2.303 28.1
28.1
 anti log(0.1071)  0.7814g

Hence, 0.7814 µg of 90Sr will remain after 10 years.

Repeating
0.693 0.693 1
k  28.1 v
t1
2

0.303 R 
Knowing t  log
k R 
0.303
60  1
log R
0.693
28.1

log  R   10 0.303

2.303 28.1

R  anti log(0.6425)

 0.2278g

Thus, 0.2278µg of 90Sr will remain after 60 years

18. For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is
twice the time required for the completion of 90% of reaction

Ans:
The time required for 99 percent completion of a first order reaction is

2.303 100 2.303

t   log100
log 100  k
1
k 99

The time required for 90 percent completion of a first order reaction is

2.303
tlog 100 2.303 2.303  2t

t log10 
2
k 100  k k
1 2

99

As a result, the time required to complete a first order reaction at 99 percent is

twice the time required to complete the reaction at 90%.

19. A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition. Calculate t 1
2

Ans:
1st order reaction
2.303 R  2.303 100 2.303 10
t  log k log  log  8.918103 min1
2
k R  40 min 100  30 40 min 7

t1 of the decomposition reaction is

2

0.693 0.693
t   min  77.7
1
2 k min 8.918103

20. For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543 k,

the following data are obtained.

t(sec) P(mm of Hg)

0 35.0
360 54.0
720 63.0

Calculate the rate constant

Ans: The following equation represents the breakdown of azoisopropane to hexane
and nitrogen at 54.3 k.

(CH3)2CHN = NCH(CH3)2  g   N2  g  + C6H14  g 

At t  0 Po

t  t P0  p p p

Total pressure

Pt   P0  p  p  p

Pt  P0  p

When the value of p is substituted for the pressure of the reactant at time t
 P0  p
 P0  Pt  P0 
 2P0  Pt

1st order reaction

2.303 P
k
log 2P0 
t Pt

t  360s ,

2.303 35.0
k
log
360 2 35.0  54.0

 2.175103s - 1

2.303
when t  720s, k  35.0
103 s - 1

log
720 235.0  63.0

Average value of rate constant

 (2.175103)  (2.235103)
k 3
s -  2.2010 s
- 1
2
1

21. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal
decomposition of

SO2Cl2 at a constant volume SO2Cl2 SO2 g + Cl2 g

→
g
Experiment Time/ Pressure/atm

s -1

1 0 0.5

2 100 0.6

Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0.65 atm.

Ans: The following equation represents the thermal breakdown of SO2Cl2 at a

constant volume.
SO2Cl2  g  SO2  g  + Cl2  g 

At t  0 Po

t  t P0  p p p

Total pressure

Pt   P0  p  p  p
Pt  P0  p

when the value of p is substituted for the pressure of the reactant at time t
 P0  p
 P0  Pt  P0 
 2P0  Pt

2.303 P0
k log
t 2P0  Pt

2.303 0.5
k 100s 2 0.5 
log
0.6

when t  100s

K  2.231 103s - 1

When Pt  0.65 atm,

As a result, the total pressure of SO2Cl2

at time t is 0.65 atm.

2 PSOCl2  2P0  Pt

 2 0.50  0.65
 0.35 atm

As a result, when total pressure is 0.65 atm, the rate of equation is

Rate  k  (P 2 )
SOCl

 2.33103 s1 0.354atm  7.8 104 atms1

22. The rate constant for the decomposition of N2O5 at various temperatures
is given below:

T/ °C 0 20 40 60 80

105  k /s - 1 0.0787 0.0787 0.0787 178 2140

Draw a graph between ln k and 1/T and calculate the values of A and E .
a
Predict the rate constant at 30 °C and 50 °C .
Ans:

From the given data, we get:

I  
T /0 CT / K / k 02733.6610 202933.4110 403133.1910 603333.010 803532.8310
T

105  k / s - 1 0.0787 4.075 25.7 178 2140

ln k
-7.147 -4.075 -1.359 -0.577 3.063

Slope of the line

y2  y1
 12.301k
x2  x1

Arrhenius equation,
Slope  
Ea Ea   slope R   12.301K 8.314JK 1mol - 1
  102.27 K J mol - 1

Repeating
 Ea
Ink  InA 
ET

InA  Ink Ea
 ET

Since,

T  273K , Ink   7.147

So,
102.27 103 6
InA   7.147   37.911A  2.91  10
8.314 273

T  30  273K  303K
I
 0.0033K 
T 3.3103 K

At, I  0.0033K 
3.3103 K
T

In k   2.8

k  6.08102 s1
I
 0.0031K  3.1103 K
T

In k   0.5

k  0.607 s1
I
 3.1103
T

T  50  273K  323K

23. The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is

2.418 × 10 - 5 s - 1
at 546 k. If the energy of activation is 179.9 kJ /mol, what will be the value of
pre-exponential factor.

Ans:
Arrhenius equation
Ea
K  AeE/RT Ink  InA  Ea
RT log k  log 2.303RT
A
 log
2.418 10 5
s1  
179.9103 jmol
1
1

2.3038.314JKmol 546K

  17.208  12.5917
0.3835 5 2

A  3.9121012S- 1

24. Consider a certain reaction A → Products with k = 2.0 × 10-2 s-1 . Calculate
the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration of A is
1.0 mol L- 1.

Ans:
k  2.0102 s -
1
,t  100 = 1.0 mol L- 1
s,A
0

The given reaction is a first order reaction since the unit of k

s1
equals
2.303  A 2.303 1.0 2.303
k log 2.0102 s - 1
 log 2.0102 s - 1
 (log A)
t  100s  100s
A A

log A  2.0102100
2.303
 2.0101 100 
[A] ]  anti 2.303
log
 
 0.135MolL1

As a result, the concentration of A left is 0.135mol L- 1 .

25. Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose
according to the first order rate law with t 1 = 3hours . What fraction of
2

sample of sucrose remains after 8 hour?

Ans:
1st order reaction

2.303 [R]
k  t log [R]
2.303 [R]
k  t log [R]
t1  3
hours
2

0.693
k  t1/ 2

0.693
k
t1
2
0.693
So, k   0.231h1
3
1
2.303 [R]o
 0.231h  log
8h [R]
1
[R] 0 0.231h  8h
log 
[R] 2.303
[R]0
[R]  anti log(0.8024)
[R]0
 6.3445
[R]
[R]0
 0.1576
[R]
 0.158
As a result, after 8 hours, 0.158 percent of the sucrose sample remains.

26. The
decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equatio
k = 4.5 × 10 s  e-28000K / T . Calculate E .
11 -1
a
Ans: From the given equation

k  4.5 1011 s1 e28000K / T ... i

Arrhenius equation ,

k  AeE/RT …(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii) we get

Ea 28000K
RT  T
Ea  R  28000K
 8.314 J K1 mol1  28000k
 232792 J mol1
 232.792kJmol1

27. The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by
the following equation: log k  14.34  1.25  104 K / T . Ea for this
Calculate
reaction and at what temperature will its half-period be 256 minutes?
Ans: The expression for the rate constant is as follows:

log k  14.34 1.25104 K / T..(i)

Comparing it with Arrhenius equation, we get-

log k  log A Ea
 2.303RT

Therefore, Ea
 1.25104
2.303R

E a  1.25104  2.3038.314

The activation energy  Ea  239339 J / mol  239.339 kJ / mol

Half life period, t1/2  256 min  256 60sec

 0.693
k t
1/ 2

0.693
k  256 60sec

k  4.51105 / s

Substitute in equation (i), we get-

log 4.51105 14.341.25104 K / T

4.35 14.341.25104 K / T

T  669 K

Hence, the temperature at which the half-life period is 256 minutes is 669 K .

28. The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4.5  103 s1 at
10oC and energy of activation 60 kJ mol-1. At what temperature would
k be 1.5 104 s1 ?
Ans: It is given that the decomposition of A into product has value of


k  4.5103 s1 at 10 C.
 K  Ea T  T 
log  
 
k 
  2.303R  TT 

log 1.5104   60103 T  283

4.5103 2.3038.314 283T
   
T  283
0.5228  3132.62 283T

 

T  283 

0.0472T T 

297.02 K

T  297.02 K  273  24.02C

29. The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298 k
is equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308 K. If the value of A
is 4 ×1010 s-1, Calculate k at 318 K and Ea .

Ans:
1st order reaction
2.303 a
t log
k ax
2.303 100
at298K , t  log
k 90
0.1054
 k
2.303 100
 k log 75
At
2.2877
308k  k

Regarding question

0.1054 0.2877
 k log k
k1
log  2.7296
k

From Arrhenius equation, we get

k1
log, log Ea  T  T 
  
k 2.303R TT 
 
log(2.7296) 
Ea  308  298 
 
2.303 8.314  298 308
2.303 8, 314  298 308log(2.7296)
Ea  308  298
1
 76750.096 J mol
 76.75kJmol1

calculate k at 318 k
A  41010 s1,T  318K

Again, from Arrhenius equation, we get

log  log A Ea
 2.303RT
76.75103
log(4 10)  2.303 8.314
318
 10.602112.6051  2.003
k  Anti log(2.003)
 9.93103 s1

30. The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from 293
K to 313 K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction if it does not
change with temperature.

Ans:
From Arrhenius equation, we get
k2
log, log
 Ea  T2  T1 

k1 2.303  T1T2 

Given,
k2  4k1
T1  293 K
T2  313 K
4k
So , log 2  Ea  313  293 
 
k1 2.3038.314  293 313 
0.6021  20  Ea
2.3038.314  293 313
0.6021 2.3038.314  293 313
Ea 
20
 52863.00 J mol1
 52.86kJmol1

As a result, the activation energy required 52.86kJmol1

is