CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 1

SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASS: JSS1

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC
1. REVISION
2. Speech Work: /u/
Grammar: Adverbs
Comprehension: Page 126 (c)
Composition: Formal Letter
Literature: African tales (Themes and
Features)
3. Speech Work: Contrast /u:/, /u/
Grammar: Tenses: Present Tense,
Present Continuous, Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Comprehension: Page 126 (c)
Composition: A Letter to the School
Authority:LetterofComplaints
Literature: Introduction to Poetry
(Definition and Features).
Use recommended text on drama
4. Speech Work:
Grammar: /ᴧ/The Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous
Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Comprehension: Unit 11
Composition: Formal Letter
Literature:Poetry (Types)
Difference between Oral and Written
Literature.
5. Speech Work: /Ȝ/
Grammar: Activities on Tenses (Present
And Past)
6. Comprehension: Unit 12 Moimoi
Composition: Formal Letter
Literature: Drama, Feature
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 Grammar: Making sentences with tenses
(Various Tenses)
Speech Work: //
Comprehension: Page 169
Composition: Argumentative
Literature: NECO drama
7. Speech Work: contrast/D/, /ᴐ/,/ᴂ/,/a:/
Grammar: Making Sentences with Tenses
(Present and Past Tense)
Comprehension: Page 171. Unit 13
Composition: HIV/AIDS
Literature: Comparing Myths and Legend
8. Grammar: Simple Future
Grammar: Adverbs
Comprehension: Unit 14, Page 181
Composition: Argumentative
Day School is BetterThan
Boarding School
9. Vocabulary Development: Prefixes
Literature: Drama (Recommended Text)
Grammar: Activities on Future Tense
10. Speech: Introduction to Diphthongs
Comprehension: Page 182. Unit 14(b)
Composition: A Festival in My Village
Literature: Review of NECO Drama
11. Revision.
12. Examination.

REFERENCES
1. Effective English Text Book. J.S.S1 . Michael Montgomery et al.
2. Count Down English. Revised Edition. O. Ogunsanwo et al.
3. Creative and Guided Composition for Senior Classes. C.O Odetola

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WEEK ONE
TOPIC: REVISION
Identifying Types of Nouns
Identify the nouns in the following sentences
1. No one understands why whales sometimes strand themselves.
2. Since 1989, people in a group called Project Jonah have used an inflatable pontoon to
rescue stranded whales and other marine mammals.
3. More than two thousand marine mammals have been helped in recent times.
Identifying Types of Pronouns
Identify the pronouns in the sentences below and state their types.
1. Which of the animals do you think has the worst reputation?
2. I believe the skunk is the animal that most people want to avoid.
3. The skunk can easily protect itself from others.
4. It can spread those nearby with a bad-smelling liquid.
5. This is a repellant that drives away predator.
Identifying Types of Verbs
Identify the verbs in the sentences below and state their types.
1. The Puerto Rican Traveling Theatre performs plays about Hispanic Life in the United
States.
2. Over the past twenty years, this group has grown into a famous Hispanic theater
group
3. In a way, speakers of both languages enjoy the play.

WEEK TWO
TOPIC: ADVERBS (TYPES)
CONTENT: Adverb
What is an Adverb?
An adverb is a word that is used to modify (to tell more about) a verb, an adjective, and another
adverb.

TYPES OF ADVERB
Adverbsof Manner
Adverbs of manner are ones that answer the question "how?" These adverbs show how
something, such as an action, is done. In a sentence, manner adverbs typically follow the verb,
which is a part of speech that represents a state or action, such as "sing." An example of an
adverb of manner used in a sentence is the word "beautifully" in the sentence "he sings
beautifully." More examples are: swiftly, slowly, sluggishly etc.

Adverbs of Time

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Adverbs of time demonstrate when something, such as an action, happens or is done; these types
of adverbs answer the question "when?" An adverb of time is situated by the English speaker or
writer at the beginning or the end of a sentence. An example of an adverb of time used in a
sentence is the word "yesterday" in the sentence "I saw you yesterday." More examples are: later,
before, ago, when etc.
Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of place show a listener or reader where something, such as an action like "walk,"
happens or is done. These adverbs answer the question "where?" In a sentence, adverbs of place
are used following the verb. A simple example of a place adverb used in a sentence is the word
"here" used in the sentence "I live here." A more complicated example is the phrase "in the
restaurant" used in the sentence "we met her in the restaurant." More examples are: there, in,
outside, inside, etc.

Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of degree, or quantity, are parts of speech that answer the question "how much?" or "to
what extent?" These are placed before the adverb, which is a part of speech that describes a verb,
adverb or adjective, and the adjective, which is a part of speech that describes a noun, in a
sentence. An example of an adverb of degree is the word "nearly" in the sentence "the glass is
nearly full."More examples are: fully, extremely etc.

Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency are often-used parts of speech that answer the question "how often?"
Examples of adverbs of frequency include such words as "never," "seldom," "usually," "almost,"
"hardly ever," "sometimes," "already," "quite," "occasionally" and "rarely." These adverbs
follow the verb "to be" and are placed before the simple tenses of all other verbs. A frequency
adverb is the word "often" in the sentence "he is often happy."More examples: rarely, seldom,
never etc.

EVALUATION: Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill in the blanks with the
corresponding adverb.
James is careful. He drives .
1.[2.] The girl is slow. She walks .
2.[3.] Her English is perfect. She speaks English .
3.[4.] Our teacher is angry. She shouts .
4.[5.] My neighbor is a loud speaker. He speaks .

READING ASSIGNMENT: Adverbs

References: My English Grammar

TOPIC: FORMAL LETTER

CONTENT:

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Formal letter
A formal letter is also known as official letter or business letter. It is the kind of letter we write to
people we don’t know or are not used to. Here, the language you use must be formal/official.
Examples of this kind of letter are the letter we write to commissioners, ministers, editors, etc.
Features of Formal Letter
A formal letter has the following features:
 Introduction
 Body and
 Conclusion
In a formal letter, before anything else, the address comes first. Two addresses are to be written.
The writer’s address and the recipient’s address. The writer’s address is written at the top right
corner of the paper while the recipient’s address is written at the left side immediately after the
writer’s address. Next is the salutation followed by the title. Note that after the recipient’s
address you must skip a line before writing the salutation
It is important to note that if the letter is going outside Nigeria, there will be a comma after
Lagos followed by Nigeria, then you add a full stop. Below is a sample:
56, Disgruntled Street,
Maple Close,
Lagos State,
Nigeria.
28th January, 2018
Customer Service Manager,
Thatcher Company,
California,

Dear Sir/Madam,
LETTER OF COMPLAINTS
I am writing today to complain of the poor service I received from your company on June 15,
2017. I was visited by a representative of Thatcher Company, Mr. Green, at my home on that
day.
Mr. Green was one hour late for his appointment and offered nothing by way of apology
when he arrived at noon. Your representative did not remove his muddy shoes upon entering my
house, and consequently left a trail of dirt in the hallway. Mr. Green then proceeded to present a
range of products to me that I had specifically told his assistant by telephone I was not interested
in. I repeatedly tried to ask your representative about the products that were of interest to me, but
he refused to deal with my questions. We ended our meeting after 25 minutes without either of
us having accomplished anything.
I am most annoyed that I wasted a morning (and half a day's vacation) waiting for Mr. Green to
show up. My impression of Thatcher Company has been tarnished, and I am now concerned
about how my existing business is being managed by your firm. Furthermore, Mr. Green's
inability to remove his muddy shoes has meant that I have had to engage the services, and incur
the expense, of a professional carpet cleaner.
I trust this is not the way Thatcher Company wishes to conduct business with valued customers
—I have been with you since the company was founded and have never encountered such
treatment before. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss matters further and to learn of how
you propose to prevent a similar situation from recurring. I look forward to hearing from you.
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Yours faithfully,
(signature)
Mr. Funny
Note that if you choose to write the title all in capital letters you do not need to underline. But if
you choose to write the title in initial capital letter you must underline.

EVALUATION: Study the letter about above and write your own.

References: My English Grammar

TOPIC: SPEECH WORK /u/

CONTENT:
A vowel sound is made with a free flow of air through the mouth without any obstruction either
by the tongue or the lips
e.g /e/ is pronounced freely as in “set” /set/
Common spelling symbols of /u/
oo – wool, foot ; u – push, full; o -- wolf, woman; ou -- would, should

EVALUATION: In the sentence below, identify words with /u/ sound.

The wolf pushed thedoor open and looked into the room. When the cook saw the wolf, the cook
shook with fear and ran away.

References: Oral English

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION
CONTENT: See Effective English, book 1. Page 125/126
EVALUATION: Practice 2
TOPIC: LITERATURE
CONTENT: Fable
It is a narrative that possesses the twin attributes of straight and surface meaning: denotative and
connotative meaning. It is keen to point out a moral truth in a civilized and inoffensive manner.
THEMES
1. Honesty is a great virtue
2. Obedience to instruction pays

FEATURES
African folktales are usually didactic, entertaining and even magical at times. Characters
sometimes could be animal characters which are meant to talk and dialogue among themselves as
human beings.

EVALUATION: Write any folktale you know.

GENERAL EVALUATION
A. Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill in the blanks with the corresponding adverb

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1. He is a bad writer. He writes .
2. Jane is a nice guitar player.
3. He plays the guitar .
4. He is a good painter . He paints .
5. She is a quiet girl. She does her job .
6. This exercise is easy. You can do it
B. Write a letter of permission to be absent from school to the principal.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
A. Write ten sentences identifying the adverbs therein.
B. Write a letter to the local publishing firm around you, reporting a recent incident that
happened around yourarea.

WEEK THREE
TOPIC: SPEECH WORK
WORD CONTRAST /u/, /u:/
CONTENT:
A vowel sound is made with a free flow of air through the mouth without any obstruction either
by the tongue or the lips.
Word Contrast
/u/ /u:/
look Luke
full fool
pull pool
could cooled

EVALUATION: Give ten more examples on the pair.

TOPIC: TENSES
CONTENT: Tenses occur only in verbs. Although it is usual to talk about the past, present and
other tenses, it refers to the change that takes place in the form of the verb to indicate time.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: It is used to express habitual truth, eternal truth, what is
fixed and present action.
EXAMPLES:
Sule always smokes after meals.
The bus arrives at 8 a.m.
The sun sets in the West.
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE: It is progressive. It is formed by adding –ing to the main
verb. The auxiliary verb should be in the present tense.
EXAMPLES:
Ronke is reading now.
Mayowa is carrying a table.
She is enjoying the sweet snacks.

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: The perfective aspect is formed by combining a form of the
verb ‘have’ with the main verb in the past participial form. ‘Have’ remains in the present tense
EXAMPLES:
I have been to Lagos.
Tunde has eaten his food
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE: It is the combination of the progressive and
perfective aspect.
EXAMPLES:
I have been coming to this place now for two years.
I have been attending Good Shepherd School since primary school

EVALUATION: Write ten sentences, highlighting the following types of verb

tenses: :PresentTense, PresentContinuous, Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION: Landmark

CONTENT: A discourse between two friends on how to give clear direction. See Effective
English, book 1. Page 131, Unit 10
EVALUATION: Practice 2/3. See Effective English, book 1. Page 131, Unit 10
TOPIC: VOCABULARY: Library
Catalogue
Shelves
Lending cards
Reference
Periodicals
Encyclopedia

Evaluation: Use a dictionary to discover the meaning of the words above

TOPIC: Poetry
CONTENT: Poetry refers in totality to the deployment of certain devices such as figure as
figures of speech (emotion), rhyme and rhythm, stanzaic divisions, metre, subject matter in a
body of words in order to express an idea.
FEATURES
A. Imagery: this refers to the selective and effective use of words to create pictorial
impression in the imagination of the reader.
B. Stanza: It is a collection of verses to form a section of the poem
C. Rhythm: It is the measured flow of words and phrases in poetry.
D. Rhyme: It is the sameness of sounds between words in poetry.

EVALUATION: Write a poem, using the listed features.

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. Write ten sentences, highlighting the following types of verb tenses: : Present Tense,
Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2. Effective English, book 1. Page 193. Test for continuous assessment

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WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. Effective English, book 1. Page 133. Practice.
2. Write a letter of complaints to your school authority.

WEEK FOUR
TOPIC: SPEECH WORK
CONTENT: /ᴧ/ Sound
Short sound /ᴧ/ as in: cup, love, but, etc.
Common spelling symbols of /ᴧ/ sound
u -- dust, but, must
ou – cousin, young, country
o – love, Monday, come
oo – blood, flood

EVALUATION: Sentence for practicing /ᴧ/ sound

Did you say, ‘Some love onions for breakfast or supper?’ But when one has stuffed oneself with
much onions, one isn’t much loved, is one?

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION
CONTENT: The Yoruba Family
Aim: to understand a description and learn from it. Unit 11, page 145. See Effective English.
EVALUATION: Read the description and dothepractice

TOPIC: PAST TENSE

CONTENT:
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: Regular verbs form their past tense by adding ‘-ed’ to the simple form
of the tense, while irregular verbs form their past tense in different ways.
Example: Dada worked in the farm yesterday. (regular)
The boys talked to me this morning. (regular)
We ate last night. (irregular)
She spoke kindly to me. (irregular)
PAST PERFECT TENSE: The perfective aspect is formed by combining a form of the verb
‘have’ with the main verb in the past participial form. ‘Have’ becomes ‘had’
EXAMPLES:
I had been to Lagos.
Tunde had eaten his food before my arrival.
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE: It is the combination of the progressive and
perfective aspect. It must be represented in the past tense.
EXAMPLES:
I had been coming to this place now for two years.
I had been attending Good Shepherd School since primary school

EVALUATION: Write ten sentences, highlighting the following types of verb tenses:
PastTense, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

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TOPIC: Vocabulary Development
Content: Words Related to Marriage
i. Love
ii. Children
iii. Marriage vow
iv. Sex
v. Birth control

Evaluation: Use the dictionary to discover the meaning of the following.

TOPIC: Literature (Types of Poetry)

CONTENT: TYPES OF POEMS
1. Epic :It is a long narrative poem that celebrates real historical events, heroic
achievements, civilization, quasi-divine figures and such other subjects.
2. Ballad: This is an anonymous narrative in verse passed from generation to generation by
words of the mouth and meant to be sung and danced before a crowd.
3. Ode: It is a medidative poem which addresses itself to a person or thing in which the
good qualities of such a person or object are highlighted and commended.
4. Dirge: It is a poem used to express grief on the occasion of someone’s death
5. Pastoral Elegy: It laments the fate of the shepherd.
Note: Oral poetry are spoken or chanted, written poetry are inscribed on a paper or
documented.

EVALUATION: Write on the following kinds of poetry: panegyric, limerick, lullaby.

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. Write a short note on five other types of poems
2. Write a composition on the title, ‘ The Federal Road Safety Commision

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. Give the past and past participle of the following verbs.
awake find hold sweep
Beat leave swell forget
Cling hide shut take
2. Use each verb in sentences.

WEEK FIVE
TOPIC: SPEECH WORK
CONTENT: Long sound /ᴣ:/ as in: bird, heard turn, etc.
This is a long vowel sound. It occurs when the consonant /r/ follows the vowel /i/ or /e/ and
the /r/ is followed by another consonant.
Common spelling symbols of /ᴣ:/
er – verb, serve, term
ir – girl, bird, stir

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our – journey, scourge, adjourn
ear – heard, learn, early
or – work, worm, worst
ur – burn, turn, nurse

EVALUATION: Sentences for practicing sound /ᴣ:/

The bird stirred, deserted their perches, circled down on earth beneath the fir tree and waited for
the first worm to stir up through the earth.

TOPIC: Activities on Tenses

CONTENT: Fill in the blank spaces with the correct form of the verbs in the bracket
1. Amadi has never ____ late to service (come)
2. His mother, together with his sisters ____ in the bakery (work)
3. Clement and his friends _____ games (like)
4. He _____ a lot of reading everyday (do)
5. Neither sports nor academic studies_____ easy (be)
6. My friend and confidant ______ in Lagos (live)
7. The board of governors ____ met. (met)
3. b. Give ten sentences each on the kinds of verbs:
a. Present tense
b. Present continuous tense
c. Present perfect continuous tense
d. Past tense
e. Past continuous tense
f. Past perfect continuous tense

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION: Moimoi

CONTENT: How to prepare moimoi. See Effective English, book 1. Page 155, Unit 12

EVALUATION: Practice 2 and 3. See Effective English, book 1. Page 155, Unit 12

TOPIC: FEATURES OF DRAMA

CONTENT:
Drama is a genre of literature which creates or recreates human experiences through acting; it is
the representation of human action
FEATURES OF DRAMA
Dialogue: It refers to the exchange of ideas and opinion in a play between two or more
characters.
Characterization: It is the process of creating characters and adorning them with certain
attributes or vices.
Conflict: This term refers to the bone of contention, the point of difference and so the basis of
action, between characters in a play.
Plot: This is the sequential arrangement of events in a creative work.
Cast: It is a list of selected participants for performance with specific roles to play.

EVALUATION: Identify the features of drama in your recommended text

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TOPIC: THE MOST MEMORABLE DAY OF MY LIFE
CONTENT:
THE MOST MEMORABLE DAY OF MY LIFE
Life is a sum of memories, events, moments and experiences. Some memories in life is sweet
and some are bitter. Everyone has some memorable day in life. I have also a memorable day in
my life. It is a part of my life. Sometimes I go back to my memorable days. It makes me
remember the sweet memory in my life. I feel the day very much. I miss the day.

The memorable day is different from person to person. My memorable day is the day when I
went to school for the first time. In a word, my first day at school is the memorable day in my
life. There are a lot of sweet memories of the day. I cannot remember the fix date of my first
going to the school. But I can clearly remember the memories of the day. When I first went to
school, I was six years old.

My mother proposed me that I needed to admit in the school one day. She said to me that I would
go to school to admit the next day. I was excited to hear the amazing news. The news of my
going to school was thrilling to me because for many days I was thinking about my new school,
teachers and classmates. I excited because my dream is going to true. Truly speaking, I could not
sleep well even a single moment at night because the next morning will be my first day of school
life. My mother woke me early in the morning. She washed me very well, combed my hair and
dressed in new clothes. Then I had breakfast and started for the school with her. The school was
not very far from our home. Therefore, we walk there on foot. It took us half hour to reach the
school. When I stepped inside the school compound I was amazed to see the many children.
They running here and there, playing; talking to each other, gesturing etc. Some boys and girls
were my same age. I felt happy finding some same age children.

I went to the school with my mother. It was really a thrilling experience for me. I was very
excited to discover the new something. I was eagerly waiting for the day when I was gone to
admit the school. At last, the expected days came to the door. It added a new dimension in my
life. However, at first, I was taken to the Headmasters room. The headmaster was very friendly
and gentle man. I liked him very much. His smiling face amused me very much. He asked me
some question and I answered the entire questions correctly. He was pleased to me. Then he
called a teacher to take to me in class. I entered the class first. For the first time I saw my
classroom, classmates and teachers. I became familiar with my classmates and teachers. They
receive me cordially.

In the end, the going to my first day at school is my most memorable days in my life. It is a sum
of sweets memory. It will be ever fresh in my mind. It is a part of my life. I never forget the day.

EVALUATION: Study the passage thoroughly and use your dictionary for unfamiliar words

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. Write on the following features of drama: theme, costumes, audience, stage and
playwright
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 2. Summarize the cooking process of moimoi.
3. Change the following to past tense: fly, pick, cost, fling and cling.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. Write a composition on the title “ The Most MemorableDay of My Life
2. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb
i. Nneka has ____ with Emeka to Aba (go)
ii. The child had ___ the entire bottle before I came in (drink)
iii. After I told Kola of the accident, he __ to cry (begin)
iv. When prices ____ customers feel happy. (fall)
v. The wind has _____ away my shirt (blow).
3. Effective English. Page 67. Exercise

WEEK SIX
TOPIC: Making Sentences with the Various Forms of Tenses
CONTENT:
Sentence 1:
It rains. Present tense
It is raining Present continuous tense
It has been raining since yesterday. Present perfect continuous tense
It rained. Past tense
It has been raining since yesterday. Past continuous tense
It had been raining for a while now. Past perfect continuous tense
Sentence 2:
My class teacher is writes. Present tense
My class teacher is writing. Present continuous tense
My class teacher has been writing. Present perfect continuous tense
My class teacher wrote ( a note). Past continuous tense
My class teacher had beenwriting.Past perfect continuous tense

Evaluation: Write five sentences in the following tenses:Present tense

a. Present continuous tense
b. Present perfect continuous tense
c. Past tense
d. Past continuous tense
e. Past perfect continuous tense

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION
CONTENT: Currency
Aim: to understand a piece of history. Unit 13, page 169. See Effective English.

EVALUATION: Read the description and do the practice

TOPIC: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

CONTENT: Child Labour and Development
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 1. Insurgence:
2. Neglect:
3. Incidence:
4. Catalyst:
5. Work
6. Labour
7. Impediment
8. Vulnerable
9. Research
10. development

Evaluation: Discover seven more words related to child labour and development.

TOPIC: COMPOSITION (Argumentative)

CONTENT:
AIR TRANSPORTATION IS SAFER THAN ROAD TRANSPORTATION
Traveling by air seems unsaved to a fairly large number of people due to what they see, hear or
read. News on plane crashes make a big noise in the world, such news naturally stays longer in
the mind of many fliers or people. In fact, it is a mind-blogging to many people. This may
explain why the flying fear still remains in the heart of some people. Therefore, you may think
that traveling by air is riskier than traveling on the road, but truly speaking; traveling by air is
safer than traveling on the road.

However, it is interesting to note that, traveling by air is safer than traveling on the road. Why? It
is because safety is the major concern of every airline industry and there’s no any other mode of
transportation that does it better than air line industries. In fact, there is no other mode of
transportation that can be fully monitored, investigated and scrutinized as we have in aviation
industries. Truly speaking plane crashes are so rare when you compare it to road transport
accidents.

According to World Health Organization, road traffic injuries caused an estimated 1.24 million
deaths worldwide in the year 2010. With this estimation, it seems one person is killed in every 25
seconds. It is very rare or difficult to have this kind of estimation in air transport within a year.
Why? It is because safety in aviation industries is not negotiable. It is a core value of any
aviation industry in the world.

EVALUATION: From the article above, write a debate to support or oppose the motion, ‘Road
Transportation is Safer than Air Transportation’.

LITERATURE: Use of recommended text on NECO Drama

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. Make ten sentences using the various kinds of tenses you have learnt.
2. From the comprehension passage read, discover five words related to ‘currency’.

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WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
A. Effective English. Page 154. Practice 2 and 3.
B. Write on the debate topic: The Use of Mobile Phones should be Allowed in High Schools.

WEEK SEVEN
TOPIC: Introduction to Vowel Contrast /ᴂ/, /a:/ and /ᴅ/, /ᴐ:/
CONTENT: /a:/ /ᴂ/
heart hat
harm ham
lark lack
bark back
march match

/ᴅ/ /ᴐ:/
clock cork
cod cord
fox fork
knotty naughty
shone shorn

EVALUATION: Give five words for each sound /ᴂ/, /a:/ and /ᴅ/, /ᴐ:/

TOPIC: Expository Essay

CONTENT:
HIV/AIDS
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defence against
illness. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell,
and makes copies of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells are also referred to as CD4 cells.
As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually breaks down a
person’s immune system. This means someone living with HIV, who is not receiving treatment,
will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases.
If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so severely
damaged it can no longer defend itself at all. However, the speed HIV progresses will vary
depending on age, health and background.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus.There is effective antiretroviral treatment
available so people with HIV can live a normal, healthy life.The earlier HIV is diagnosed, the
sooner treatment can start – leading to better long term health. So regular testing for HIV is
important.HIV is found in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk.HIV cannot be
transmitted through sweat, saliva or urine.
Using male condoms or female condoms during sex is the best way to prevent HIV and other
sexually transmitted infections.If you inject drugs, always use a clean needle and syringe, and
never share equipment.If you are pregnant and living with HIV, the virus in your blood could
CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 16
pass into your baby’s body, or after giving birth through breastfeeding. Taking HIV treatment
virtually eliminates this risk.
AIDS on the other hand is not a virus but a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by the HIV
virus. A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection,
and they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses. This is the last stage of HIV, when the
infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death.AIDS stands for acquired
immune deficiency syndrome.AIDS is also referred to as advanced HIV infection or late-stage
HIV.AIDS is a set of symptoms and illnesses that develop as a result of advanced HIV infection
which has destroyed the immune system.Treatment for HIV means that more people are staying
well, with fewer people developing AIDS.Although there is currently no cure for HIV with the
right treatment and support, people with HIV can live long and healthy lives. To do this, it is
especially important to take treatment correctly and deal with any possible side-effects.

EVALUATION: Study the article above, then write an article on the same topic.

TOPIC: LITERATURE
CONTENT: Comparing Myths and Legends
A myth is a story from ancient times, especially one that was told to explain natural events or to
describe the early history of a people while a legend could also be a story from ancient times,
that describes early history and feats accomplished by some specific persons. A myth might have
no real scientific proof but a legend could be traced.

EVALUATION: Use the recommended text on NECO drama

TOPIC: Making Sentences with Simple Present Tense and Simple Past Tense

CONTENT:

Present Tense Past Tense

She speaks well She spoke well
Bimpe works hard Bimpe worked hard
Ume works in the farm Ume worked in the farm
He is a student He was a student

EVALUATION
Write five sentences in present tense in past tense.

GENERAL EVALUATION
A. Write a detailed article on the topic: “ Education Today”.
B. Write five sentences in present tense in past tense.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Effective English. Study the grammar lesson in page 44, then do practice 4 in page 45

WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: COMPOSITION
CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 17
CONTENT: Argumentative: Day School is better than Boarding School
Study the article below:
Education is the foremost important aspect of any child’s life. Children who are privileged to
have an education tend to be seen as smart and intelligent. Although, not everyone attended
school, having an education, at least, to a certain stage, is key and no one can ever stop learning
because we all are students of life.
This brings me to the reason for this piece. Some of us who have kids that are getting prepared
for secondary school may be caught up on deciding which school to admit your child. It is no
longer a new thing that one can always almost tell the difference between a day student and a
boarder. There’s always that difference.
If you are still indecisive or undecided, here are a few benefits between the two types of school.
First, the day school:

1. CO-EDUCATION
Many day schools offer coeducation facilities and this is an important requirement in terms of
today’s world. Interacting with the opposite sex in the early years will enable children to be
comfortable in the presence of the opposite sex when they reach a stage where they might have
to work alongside them in an official environment. Children who have not had this opportunity
might be shy and uncomfortable when they people from the opposite sex in the future. Most day
schools encourage children to mingle with the opposite sex from their early years and this builds
confidence and helps in exchange of ideas between the sexes over the formative years. This is
one of the most important functions performed by a day school. Although there may be a few
boarding schools that offer coeducation, day schools clearly outnumber the boarding schools
doing this and coeducation in day schools is a much more accepted and existent structure in day
schools.

2. COST BENEFITS
Day schools are a preferred option as they are much less expensive than a boarding school.
Tuition fees in day schools are affordable. Most good quality day schools are relatively cheaper
than boarding schools and this is another reason why parents opt for day schools over boarding
schools. Day schools allow parents to admit students in private tuitions of their choice as well, in
case their children need extra coaching. Most boarding schools in Nigeria have fees that are a bit
exorbitant, and unless parents are willing to fund a new experience and style of education for
their children, most average Nigerian parents prefer day schools.

3. SUPERVISION
Day schools are a better option for those parents who wish to have close supervision over their
children. Day schools enable constant parent-teacher contact and this enables the parents to be
able to monitor the progress of their children in terms of both academics and extra curricular
activities. This is also an important aspect of a day school. Parents can provide moral guidance if
they are in constant contact with their children and this is possible only if the children at
admitted in a day school.

CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 18

4. HECTIC LIFE AND CONVENIENCE
If children are used to the comforts at home, then they might find it difficult to survive in a
boarding school. Day schools enable the children to relax a bit more than boarding schools. In a
boarding school, students are required to take part in many events and many students find it
difficult to deal with this schedule. Parents will be better served to opt for a day school if their
children have been brought up in a relaxed atmosphere.

5. EMERGENCY
In case of any sickness or injury, parents can be with their children immediately if they are
admitted in a day school. Some children require parents to be constantly by their side, especially
if something untoward happens.

The choice between a boarding school and a day school lies depends on a variety of factors and
especially on the maturity level of the child involved. Whatever decision parents make, it is
important for them to stick to it- the kind of schooling a child receives and the experiences there
eventually define the personality of the child.

Now, the boarding school:

1. SMARTNESS
This is probably the best reason to go to boarding school. In a public school the kids who really
want to learn frequently end up being social outcasts. Not so in boarding school. It’s cool to be
smart in boarding school. It’s also very cool to learn.

2. SMALL CLASSROOMS
If you are in a day school with 30-40 students to a class, chances are that you will just be a
number, unless you are very smart or very bad. You will probably get lots of attention either way.
In a boarding school, on the other hand, classes typically are 10-15 students. You cannot hide in a
class that small. You have to participate. You will get called upon for your response. You will
never just be a number in a boarding school. Boarding schools as a rule are not very large. Yes,
some, like Exeter have 1,000 students. But most have a student population in the 350-500 student
range.

3. RESPONSIBILITY
Taking a lot of little steps towards maturity is one of the intangibles of going to boarding school.
You have to learn to get along with others because it is a community. You learn to be responsible
for your actions because you are bound by an honor or discipline code of some kind. The lessons
in life learned in boarding school will lay a solid foundation for adulthood. You will see how
boarding school has shaped them.

4. WIDE KNOWLEDGE
In a day school you might read one or two Shakespearean plays in a year if you are lucky and it
happens to be relevant to the test. In a boarding school you will read three or four Shakespeare
plays and study them in detail. Teaching to the test is virtually unheard of because boarding
schools only have to be concerned with getting you into a college. As a result the depth and
CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 19
breadth of the academic courses in most schools is remarkable. This applies to traditional and
progressive high schools alike. This short video gives us a glimpse of the academic experience at

5. LIVING ON THEIR OWN

It’s never easy to leave the nest. But, doesn’t it make more sense to make the move a few years
before college? Of course it does. You will learn how to cope with life and all its many high and
low points within a community of your peers who are going through the same things you are. All
of this is happening under the watchful eye of your teachers who are mentors, not baby-sitters.

6. GREAT TEACHERS
Boarding schools traditionally hire teachers with degrees in their subjects. As well a large
number of these experienced teachers have advanced degrees in their field. Typically all are
passionate about their subject and love to teach it to young people. Because discipline is rarely a
problem in boarding school, these talented teachers get to teach without having to be traffic cops
or paper pushers like their public school counterparts.
There you have it. Between a boarding and day school, the former put the child at a more
advantageous level and although a day school is more affordable, every child should be given the
best education.
Feel free to either oppose or agree.

EVALUATION: Study the article above and map out cogent points as basis for your argument.

LITERATURE: Use recommended text on drama

TOPIC: Contrasting vowels /e/ and /ᴣ:/

CONTENT:
Word Contrast
/e/ /ᴣ:/
ten turn
germ gem
bed bird
learnt lent

EVALUATION: Give five other examples on each sound.

TOPIC: Comprehension
CONTENT: WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR
Aim: to understand an account of home remedies. Unit 14, page 181
EVALUATION: Read the first part of the passage, then do practice 2.

TOPIC: FUTURE TENSE: SIMPLE FUTURE

CONTENT:
No change occurs in the simple form of the verb in the expression of the future, but English has a
few ways of indicating futurity.
CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 20
 (1) By using the modal auxiliary verbs ‘shall’ and ‘will’
e.g I shall travel soon.
You will see me again.

(2) By using the form ‘be going’ and ‘to’ infinitive:

Emeka is going to succeed
It is going to rain today

(3) By using the present progressive

Adamu is leaving tomorrow
We are travelling next year.

EVALUATION: Write examples on each type of example

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT: Use of prefixes

Prefix Word Formation
il legal illegal
in discipline indiscipline
in formal informal
un fortunate unfortunate
in efficient inefficient

EVALUATION: Give twenty more examples

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. Construct five sentences each to illustrate the various uses of the verbs be, do, have.
2. Construct five sentences each to illustrate the various uses of the verbs shall, will

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. Effective English. Page 215, Practice 4.
2. Support or oppose the motion, ‘Day School is better than Boarding School’.

WEEK NINE
TOPIC: Guided Composition (Narrative)
CONTENT:
A FESTIVAL IN MY VILLAGE
I was born in Ha Nam , a province in the North of Vietnam . I am always proud of my hometown
with hard-working and kind farmers. I feel most proud of my village because of the many
traditional festivals that takes place every year. One of the most important festivals in my village
is " Village Festival " . "Village Festival" takes place every twoyears to remind people in the
village of the god of the village who built the village . People often call the god of the village as
" Thanh Hoang Lang" . This festival takes place on full-moon day of February . There are three
parts in the" Village Festival".

CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 21

 The first part of the festival that children are the most eager is lifting the palaqueen and
lion dances . On the day of Village Festival, children often get up early , wearing beautiful
clothes . Then they go to the communal house of the village to wait for the palaqueen . About 7
o'clock , all of people in the village gather in two sides of the road to see the palaqueen pass . It
is believed that children who go under the palaqueen on this day will have good health and will
study very well. At 8 o'clock in the morning, the palaqueen starts being raised from the village to
the village . The palaqueen is raised by eight people . Always the old people in the traditional
costume go in front of the palaqueen and they both go and spread things like coins, pink candles.
My grandma told me that people who pick the pink candles are very lucky . They often put the
candles in front of their children 's bed . It is thought that the light of the pink candle will make
their children more intelligent and healthier. Therefore they try to get the pink candles. Lion
dances are also followed by the palaqueen. The procession lasts for more than an hour.
After the procession , people in the village : the old, the young and children move to the
river in the village quickly to see the next part of the Village Festival called " traditional games".
Traditional games is the most interesting part in the Village Festival,so villagers always wait for
this activity . There are a lot of traditional games that takes place in this part such as boat race ,
tug of war and wrestling... One of the most interesting games in Village Festival is the racing
boat . There are five teams which present the fives villages. It is a very proud thing for any
village to win the competition .Therefore , every village chooses the strongest man to join the
boat race competition.In this game , competitors sit on an imperial boat , a boat has the form of a
dragon decorated with the different colours. The captains who stand at the head of the boat order
their team to sail the boat quickly . As soon as the sound of the drum starts , all team begin
sailing as fast as they can. Along two sides of the river viewers are shouting for encouragement
for their home team .The louder the sound of yelling and shouting of fans is , the more quickly
the competitors sail.People who watch at two sides of the river run after the boat to encourage for
their team . The team which sails to the finish the most quickly will be the winner of the game . It
is a big pride of the village for the team who gets the first prize . Besides the boat race , the
traditional games like tug of war , rice- cooking and wrestling are also seen by most people in the
village. The activities of the traditional games finish at about 1p.m in the afternoon .
The last part of Village Festival is celebrated in the communal house yard after the
traditional games.
When the traditional games finish , villagers gather in front of the communal house yard to eat a
traditional meal and to see which teams get prizes in traditional games. From early in the
morning, woman in the village prepare necessary materials to cook the meal. Often women in the
village who are good at cooking will be chosen to cook for Village festival . About 12 p.m all the
food is shown carefully and spectacularly on the tables in the communal house yard . On Village
festival day the communal house becomes more crowded.This is a special occasion for people
in the village to meet and talk together about their work as well as the harvest . Firstly, the results
of the traditional games in the morning are announced by the leader of the village . Most people
are awaiting to hear which teams win the first prize . It is the pride for the village that wins the
first prize . The winners in the traditional games last year will award the prize for the winners
this year.Then people sit on their seats eating the meal. They both eat and talk happily. After the
meal ,people gather to hear the women in the village sing folk songs The Village festival lasts
untill early in the evening .

CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 22

 Despite the impact of the industrialization , the Village Festival is still celebrated as the
cultural and traditional beauty of my village . It reminds the young generation of the tradition
and originality.

EVALUATION: Form a group five, study the passage carefully and compare it with the village
festival of your villages.

LITERATURE: Review of NECO drama

TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO DIPHTHONGS

CONTENT: /ᶕu
Diphthongs: The word ‘diphthong’ is from a Greek word, which means double sound. They are
also vowels. The difference is that while a pure vowel contains only one sound, a diphthong
contains two sounds with a glide from the first vowel.
/ei/ as found in rain
/ᶕu/ as found in spoke
/ai/ as found in high
/au/ as found in how
/ᴐi/ as found in oil
//iᶕ/ as found in hear
//eᶕ/ as found in spear
/uᶕ/ as found in tour

EVALUATION: Diphthongs can be divided into two, namely: centering and closing dipthongs.
Classify the diphthongs above into these two.

TOPIC:COMPREHENSION
CONTENT: Home Remedies and Cures
See Effective English. Page 181. Unit 14

EVALUATION: Read the first part of the passage and then do practice 2
TOPIC: Activities on Future Tense
Content:
CLASS ACTIVITY
1. In five sentences, use the modal auxiliary verbs ‘shall’ and ‘will’ to indicate futurity
2. In five sentences, use the infinitive form to indicate futurity
3. In five sentences, use the present progressive form to indicate futurity

EVALUATION: In a group of five, evaluate the sentences of your team mate.

GENERAL EVALUATION:
1. List five instruments used for home remedy/cure
2. Give ten examples of diphthongs.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
A. Effective English. Page 210. Grammar, practice 4
CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 23
 B. Write an expository essay on your village festival

CROWNTURN/ENGLISH LANGUAGE/JSS 1/ 2ND TERM Page 24