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https://www.marketing91.com/controlling-in-management/ [25 Feb 2021]

Controlling in Management – Meaning, Process, and Examples

October 18, 2019 By Hitesh Bhasin Tagged With: Management articles

Controlling is one of the most basic functions of management, like planning, organizing,
staffing, etc. Controlling is an important function, and without controlling management can’t
ensure the desired results.
In this article, you will learn all about the controlling function of management.

Definition of Controlling
Controlling can be defined as a function of making sure that actions of the employees of an
organization are directed towards the attainment of a common goal and the work is being
performed as planned by the management.
What is controlling?

Role of the management of an organization is to make sure that the goals of the organization
are achieved as planned and on time. Out of the many functions of management, control is one
of the most important functions of the organization.

Controlling means giving instructions to employees and making sure that the instructions are
being followed as desired by the management.
Controlling means the management of the organization is responsible for deciding
predetermined standards and making sure that performance of the employees match with the
standards set by the management and in case if the performance of employees does not match
with standards then taking required corrective measures.

The management of the organization makes sure that the resources of the organization are
being used properly and are being used for the growth of the organization and are not being
wasted in any way. By controlling management, make sure the effective and efficient use of
resources of the organization.

Controlling employees of the organization is an important skill of a manager. A manager can’t

play his role efficiently if he is not good at controlling his team.
By controlling his team properly, he can make sure the coordination among his team members
and by having proper control on the team, he can plan effectively for the
future projects. Management control has different types so as to enable the management to
choose the form of control depending upon the situation at hand, as it is one of the most
important functions of management.

Features of Controlling in management

1) Controlling is a dynamic process

Controlling is a dynamic process. A manager is required to take a different course of actions

when an employee fails to match the standards of performance. A manager should have
the skills to decide how to react to a certain situation.
For example, if an employee is absent frequently, then the manger first should talk with him
and ask for the reason of his absenteeism and try to do something about the problem, and if
the problem persists then, he should take some strict action.
Similarly, the course of action would be different for the employee who does not perform as
per the standard frequently than the employee who has failed to meet the performance
standards for the first time.
2) Controlling is an end function

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Controlling is an end function because it comes into action once the task is completed. The
performance standards are decided before the work is assigned to the employees and once the
work is complete the performance of employees is compared with the standard performance,
and if the performance of the employees is same as that of the standard performance then no
actions are required to be taken but in case the performance doesn’t match then the manager
is required to take the corrective actions.

Therefore, it is not wrong to say that controlling is an end function.

3) Planning and controlling go hand in hand

It is not wrong to say that planning and controlling works together. A manager is required to
plan so that he can control the actions of employees in order to achieve the desired outcome.
For example, if a sales manager makes a target to make the sales of 5 million in one quarter
with five salespersons working in his team, then he will give the target of 1 million to every
salesperson and will control their actions to achieve the desired results.
Now you understand that without planning, controlling is meaningless, and without controlling
planning can’t go as desired.

4) Controlling is a pervasive function

Controlling is a pervasive function because it can’t be escaped at any level of the management.
All management is required to control at all levels.
For example, a top-level manager will control the actions of a middle-level manager and
supervise the performance of the manager and similarly, a low-level manager is answerable to
a middle-level manager.
In this way, the controlling is done at all levels. However, there might be a difference in the
methods of control, and different corrective actions are taken when the performance of the
employee is not as desired.
5) Controlling is looking forward
A manager can control the performance of an employee by controlling the past actions. A
manager keeps track of the performance of the employee, so that follow up can be made when
the time comes to compare the performance.
Process of Controlling in management

The process of controlling in management consists of four steps. All of these steps are
necessary to be followed in order to control effectively.
1) Formation of standards
The first step of the controlling process is the formation of standards. The manager first
prepares a report stating the standards expected from the project given to employees.
The standards are not decided by randomly picking a figure, but it is decided on the basis of the
past performance of employees and performance of last season and the condition of
the market. Before revealing the expected standards with employees and giving them the
target, the standards are approved from the senior management.
After getting the approval of the management, these standards are discussed with the team
members, and the target is given to each team member. A preformed standard gives a common
goal to employees to work towards.

2) Measurement of actual performance

Once the task is completed, it is the job of the manager to measure the performance of the
employees. The manager will analyze the performance of each employee and ask them to
submit their report of work.

3) Comparison of actual performance with the standard performance

After the measurement of the actual report, a comparison is made between the actual
performance and the pre-decided standard performance and the difference is calculated
between both the performances and a report is generated after the analysis of the
performance of all employees.

4) Taking corrective actions if required

After comparing the standard performance with the actual performance of employees. The
difference is calculated.
Then the performance of each employee is analyzed, and the difference between the target
given to them and the percentage of target achieved by them is observed, and the required
actions are taken as per the policy of the company and the past performance of the employee.
For example, no actions would be taken against the employee whose performance has been
good in the past few months. Taking corrective actions is important; otherwise, employees
would start taking their job lightly, and there are chances that you might lose business in the
future.
Importance of controlling

1) Controlling Motivates Employees

Controlling doesn’t mean just giving orders to the employees. It means that the manager guides
his employees throughout the process and provide help to them where they need.
He also makes sure that each employee is doing his work with proper dedication and also scolds
them if they are not putting 100% efforts.
In addition to this, when a target is given to employees, it gives them a goal to work. The target
motivates them to go to work and work hard to achieve the target. A motivated employee ends
up performing much more than his actual capacity.
2) Controlling Makes the efficient use of resources

Controlling in management helps in the proper use of resources available in the organization.
Under controlled environment, employees make the proper use of resources and are careful
while using them. With control, management can make sure that the employees get maximum
output out of the available resources to them.
3) Controlling creates discipline in the organization
Another importance of controlling in management is the discipline in the organization.
Discipline is necessary to attain the goal in the desired time and with available
resources. People tend to become careless if their actions are not controlled, and if they know
that there is nobody to questions them.
By controlling management not only control the actions of employees but also makes sure that
they do that maximum output can be obtained.
4) Controlling ensures coordination of action
In a large organization, there are hundreds of employees who work together. Different work is
going on different departments at the same time. If there is no coordination between the
employees of the organization, then they might end up losing a lot of resources which may
cause loss to the organization then causing profit.
Therefore, it is the role of the management to coordinate the actions of employees who work
in a different department, and there is little communication between them.
Management acts as a common thread between them and ensures that the actions of all the
employees working in different departments are directed towards one common direction that
is the direction towards achieving the common goal of the organization.
5) Controlling helps in deciding the right judgment about the standards
Standards cannot be decided over a hunch. It is management that makes sure that standards
are decided with proper analyses of the performance of past projects, the market condition,
the available resources, and the capacity of the organization.
This can all be possible if control the work in the organization, and with their expertise and skills
can make the right judgment of standards.
6) Controlling aids in the accomplishment of organizational goals

And last but not least important of controlling in management is the accomplishment of a goal.
The owner of the business or top management has put their money in the business with the
intentions to make more money out of it.
Therefore, their primary goal in every project is to make more profit, and a manager at a low
level is answerable for the performance of his team’s performance.
Therefore, a manager always controls the actions of people working on his team by making the
effective use of the process of controlling.
Examples of control in the management
From the above reading, it is clear that how much controlling is important for the organization.
In this section, you will learn about the examples of work that require control of management.
1) Performance measurement
It is the role of management to assign a task to employees and then measure their
performance. By measuring the performance of each employee management can know-how
about the efforts and actions of each employee and using this information, they can take
important decisions to give promotion or salary hike or bonus, etc.
2) Strategy planning
Management plays an important role in strategic planning and deciding the goal for the
organization, and they also plan how these goals can be achieved within available resources.
3) Managing Finances
Management is responsible for managing the finances of the organization. They take important
decisions like how much funds should be allocated to a particular project, etc. They also make
sure that whether the project was profitable for the organization or not and take corrective
actions accordingly.
4) Supervising people
The role of management is to supervise the work of employees and increases the productivity
and efficiency of their employees. A manager makes sure that all his employees work at their
optimum capacity, and they work to achieve the objective of the organization.
5) Controlling risk
Management identifies and analyze the risks involved at an early stage and take precautionary
steps to avoid them or to minimize their impact.
6) Improving performance
Controlling in management is necessarily required to improve the performance of the whole
team continuously. The manager can analyze the performance of each employee and help or
give them instructions to improve their performance in order to attain the organizational goal.
7) Inventory Management
The management is responsible for controlling the inventory so that there is never a shortage
or surplus of supply, and everything works without trouble.
8) Ensuring Quality
The control is important to ensure quality. Some organizations are known for their quality, and
they might face a blow to their business if they don’t take care of the quality. Therefore, in such
organizations, the manager does everything to keep up with the quality standards.