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Clauses

The document defines and identifies different types of clauses including independent clauses, dependent clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It provides examples and functions of each clause type.

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34 views3 pages

Clauses

The document defines and identifies different types of clauses including independent clauses, dependent clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It provides examples and functions of each clause type.

Uploaded by

Lộc Trần
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLAUSES

I. DEFINITION
A clause is a group of words with a finite verb (The verb that agrees with the subject)
- Independent clause: is a complete sentence. It contains a main subject and verb of a
sentence.
Dependent clause: It’s a group of related words that contains both a subject and a
predicate (a finite verb). Like a phrase, a dependent clause (subordinate clause) is not
a sentence. It is linked to the main clause by a subordinate conjunction or a relative
pronoun.

II. IDENTIFICATION
A clause is identified by their functions in the sentence.

 NOUN CLAUSE:
A noun clause (NCl) is used in the same way as a noun. There are some words that are used
to introduce noun clauses: when, why, where, who, whom, what, which, whose, whether, if,
that.

Functions: A noun clause can function as a (an)


- Subject: What you want seems good.
That you are very charming is undeniable.
Whether you come or not is not important to her.
It is essential that you know the truth.
- Direct Object: I know (that) you are the champion.
He said that he loved me.
Jim doubts that he can pass the exam.
- Indirect Object: She made whoever she met the same greeting.
She offered whoever came a gift.
Give the tool to whoever can use them best.
- Object of Preposition: They laughed at what we said.
You can go with whomever you like.
From where you are standing, you can see everybody.
- Subject Complement: The fact is that he doesn’t try.
That’s what I intended to say.
- Object Complement: She made me what I am.
You can call me whatever you like.
- Complement of a Noun: The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everyone.
The hope that you’ll pass the exam is great.
The principle that water runs only downhill seems sometimes
to be contradicted by our senses.
- Complement of Adj: I am afraid that we lost.
She is glad that you can come with us.
I am hopeful that you’ll pass the exam.

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 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:
Adjective Clause (AdjCl) is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies,
or gives further information about a noun. They are introduced by a relative pronoun.

Functions: Adjective clause modifies a noun or a pronoun


- I remember the day we first met each other.
- She is the finest woman that ever lived.
- The company hires only men who have experience.
- The boy who is sleeping in the class is my son.

 ADVERB CLAUSE:
Adverb clauses (AdvCl) tell when, where, why, how, under what conditions, to what degree.
Usually they modify the verb, adjective, adverb, or the whole sentence and are separated by a
comma when they precede the main clause.

Functions:
- Modifier of a verb: He loves you because you are rich.
- Modifier of a sentence: Before I go to school, I have a big breakfast.
- Modifier of an adj: She is so charming that nobody can help loving her.
- Modifier of an adverb: He plays guitar so well that all his friends admire him.

Words used to introduce adverb clauses:


Time: after, before, when, while, as, by the time (that), since, until, as
soon as, once, as/so long as, whenever, every time (that),
the first time (that), the last time (that), the next time (that).
Ex: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
Come back as soon as you can.
I’ll have finished by the time you get back.
You’ll find the way all right once you get there.
Manner: as, as if, as though, in that
Ex: She behaved as she was a famous person.
Paul did the work as it ought to be done.
He ran as if he were mad.
We were at a disadvantage in that they outnumbered us two to one.
Place: where, wherever
Ex: I’ll go wherever you go.
Put it back where you found it.
Reason: because, since, as, now that….
Ex: I was late because my alarm didn’t go off this morning.
Since you won’t help me, I must do the job myself.
Now that we’ve mastered this step, we can progress to the next one.
Purpose: so that, in other that, in case…
Ex: I carry a spare wheel in case I have a puncture.
Some people eat so that they may live.
He tiptoed into the room for fear that he might wake the baby up.
We didn’t move in case we woke him up.

2
Result/Effect: so….that (so + adjective/ adverb + that)
Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often causes accidents.
He ran so fast that I could not catch him.
Such….that (such + noun + that)
Ex: That was such good news that everyone felt released.
She is such a charming girl that nobody can help loving her
Concession: though, as though, even though, however, no matter how,
in spite of the fact that…
Ex: Though they are expensive, a lot of people buy them.
He did well in his exam even if he didn’t get a prize.
Whatever you may say, I still think I did the right thing.
Poor as he is, he lives honestly. (although he is poor)
Try as he will, he can never get success. (though he tries hard) .
Much as you may earn, you can never satisfy her needs (although
you may earn a lot of money …)
Condition: if, unless, only if, whether or not, even if, providing (that),
provided (that), in case (that), in the even (that)
Ex: If he runs, he will get there in time.
Unless you take the car, I won’t go.
I shall go provided that he asks me.
As long as my parents still support me, I don’t have to find a
part-time job.
Comparison: as, than
Ex: She is as tall as I am.
This work is not so easy as you think.
She was more clever than I could think.

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