CLAP SWITCH CIRCUIT USING

ICS
A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR INNOVATIVE WORK
UNDER
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted by:
SIDHI SINGH
(2K20/EC/209)
SHIVANGI SEHGAL
(2K20/EC/201)

Under the supervision of

Prof Sachin Dhariwal

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Delhi College Of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi-110042

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(FORMERLY Delhi College of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi-110042
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
We (Shivangi Sehgal[2K20/EC/201], Sidhi Singh [2K20/EC/209] students of B.Tech.
(Electronics and Communication Engineering), hereby declare that the project titled “Clap

Switch circuit using ICS ” which is submitted by us to the Department of Electronic and

communication Engineering , Delhi Technological University, Delhi in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology, is an authentic record of our
own bonafide work and is correct to the best of our knowledge and belief. This work has been
undertaken taking care of engineering ethics.

Place: Delhi Shivangi Sehgal(2K20/EC/201)

Date: May 2022 Sidhi Singh (2K20/EC/209)

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(FORMERLY Delhi College of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi-110042
 CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the project titled “Clap Switch Circuit using ICs ” which is submitted by
Tanishq Verma(2K20/EC/218) and Sidhi Singh (2K20/EC/209) Delhi Technological University,
Delhi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology is a record of the project work carried out by the students under my supervision.

Place: Delhi Mr Sachin Dhariwal

Date: May 2022 SUPERVISOR

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In performing our major project, I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons,
who deserve our greatest gratitude. The completion of this assignment gives us much pleasure. I
would like to show my gratitude to Mr. Sachin Dhariwal Mentor for the major project. Giving
us a good guideline for the report throughout numerous consultations. I would also like to extend
my deepest gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided us in writing this
assignment.
Many people including our classmates and team members themselves have made valuable
comment suggestions on this project which gave us inspiration to improve our assignment. I
thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our assignment. In addition,
I would like to thank the Department of Electronics and Communication Delhi Technological
University for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic.
 ABSTRACT

CLAP SWITCH is a switch which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the sound of the
clap. The basic idea of a clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the sound of your
claps, coughs, and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical
signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a
bi-stable multi-vibrator change state at each signal. One of these transistors drives a heavier
transistor which controls a lamp. This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components
like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ‘ON’ light for the first
clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit
works with 12V voltage .Therefore a step-down transformer 12V/300mA is employed . The
primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person . It is generally used for a
light, television, radio, or similar electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off from
bed. The major disadvantage is that, it is generally cumbersome to have to clap one's hands to
turn something ON or OFF and it's generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a
traditional light switch
 INTRODUCTION

This is a project on CLAP SWITCH which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the sound
of a clap. The operation of the circuit is simple. If we clap the lamp turns on and to switch it off
clap again . The condenser microphone picks up the sound of your claps, coughs, and the sound
of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal which is amplified by the
succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change
state at each signal. One of these transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp.
This circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc by the sound of a clap.

This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay,
transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ‘ON’ light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the
next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 12V voltage .Therefore a
step-down transformer 12V/300mA is employed. The working of this circuit is based on
amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of transistor, relay as an electronic switch
.Basically, this is a Sound operated switch.
 BASIC PRINCIPLE
The basic principle of this clap switch circuit is that it converts sound signal into electrical
energy. The input component is a transducer that receives clap sound as input and converts it to
electrical pulse. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the sound
of your claps, coughs, and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small
electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross
connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change state at each signal. One of these transistors drives
a heavier transistor which controls a lamp. This circuit is constructed using basic electronic
components like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ‘ON’ light
for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This
circuit works with 12V voltage .Therefore a step-down transformer 12V/300mA is employed.
This working of this circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of
transistor, relay as an electronic switch .Basically, this is a Sound operated switch.
 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

1) RESISTORS
Resistors are the most common passive electronic component (one that does not require power
to operate). They are used to control voltages and currents. While a resistor is a very basic
component, there are many ways to manufacture them. Each style has its own characteristics that
make it desirable in certain types of applications. Choosing the right type of resistor is important
to making high-performance or precision circuits work well. This bonus chapter covers the
resistor types and helps with picking the right one for your project. All resistors are basically just
a piece of conducting material with a specific value of resistance. For that piece of conducting
material to be made into a practical resistor, a pair of electrodes and leads are attached so current
can flow. The resistor is then coated with an insulating material to protect the conducting
material from the surrounding environment and vice versa.

2) BATTERY
In electricity, a battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert
stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
3)TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's
terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled
(output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal.
Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in
integrated circuits.

4) LED
“A light emitting diode is a two-LED semiconductor light source .It is a p-n junction diode that
emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads ,electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons “

5) Condenser Mic
This type of microphone converts pressure fluctuations into electrical current. This microphone
works by means of the principle known as faraday‟s law ,the principle states that when an
electrical conductor is moved through a magnetic field ,an electrical current is induced within the
conductor Microphones are types of transducers, they convert acoustic energy i.e. sound signal.

6)IC 555 TIMER

The basic 555 timer gets its name from the fact that there are three internally connected 5kΩ
resistors which it uses to generate the two comparator reference voltages. The 555 timer IC is a
very cheap, popular and useful precision timing device which can act as either a simple timer to
generate single pulses or long time delays, or as a relaxation oscillator producing a string of
stabilized waveforms of varying duty cycles from 50 to 100%.

​ • Pin 1. – Ground, The ground pin connects the 555 timer to the negative (0v)
supply rail.
​ • Pin 2. – Trigger, The negative input to comparator No 1. A negative pulse on this
pin “sets” the internal Flip-flop when the voltage drops below 1/3Vcc causing the
output to switch from a “LOW” to a “HIGH” state.
​ • Pin 3. – Output, The output pin can drive any TTL circuit and is capable of
sourcing or sinking up to 200mA of current at an output voltage equal to
approximately Vcc – 1.5V so small speakers, LEDs or motors can be connected
directly to the output.
​ • Pin 4. – Reset, This pin is used to “reset” the internal Flip-flop controlling the
state of the output, pin 3. This is an active-low input and is generally connected to a
logic “1” level when not used to prevent any unwanted resetting of the output.
​ • Pin 5. – Control Voltage, This pin controls the timing of the 555 by overriding
the 2/3Vcc level of the voltage divider network. By applying a voltage to this pin
the width of the output signal can be varied independently of the RC timing
network. When not used it is connected to ground via a 10nF capacitor to eliminate
any noise.
​ • Pin 6. – Threshold, The positive input to comparator No 2. This pin is used to
reset the Flip-flop when the voltage applied to it exceeds 2/3Vcc causing the output
to switch from “HIGH” to “LOW” state. This pin connects directly to the RC
timing circuit.
​ • Pin 7. – Discharge, The discharge pin is connected directly to the Collector of an
internal NPN transistor which is used to “discharge” the timing capacitor to ground
when the output at pin 3 switches “LOW”.
​ • Pin 8. – Supply +Vcc, This is the power supply pin and for general purpose TTL
555 timers is between 4.5V and 15V.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING
Along with some of the other components, this circuit is mainly based on the two ICs i.e. NE555
timer along with CD4017.
IC 555 timer in this circuit is wired like a monostable oscillator. For this circuit, IC NE555
monostable produces a clock pulse, which is used to give an oscillating wave at IC1 pin 3 which
is an output pin. Monostable (or you can say one shot multivibrator) contains only one steady
state and all we need is to trigger it externally to return it in reverse direction to its original state.

Another one is the CD4017 which is a CMOS counter/divider IC. It receives a clock signal
through the clock input and in the sequential manner it turns ON all the 10 outputs, every time it
gets the clock input pulse.

In order to get familiar with the working of the IC, it is essential for the one to get familiar with
the every pin of the IC. These IC consist of 3 input pins along with 10 output pins also have one
pin for ground and one more for the power supply and one more pin for the Carry out. Pin
diagram of the IC is designed below –
1. Input Pin:
○ Reset Pin (Pin 15) – The counter is reset to the zero position by this pin. Suppose
you wish that the counter will only count till third position then you need linked
the fourth pin with 15 pin. So after reaching to the third output it will
automatically begin its counting from zero.
○ Clock Pin (Pin14) – In each of the timing pin 14 moves at high the output will be
given to you. From the initial clock pulse output will be received at the pin 3
likewise for the next clock pulse output will be received at the pin 2 and so on.
○ Clock Inhibit Pin (Pin 13) – The counter is switched to “on” and “off” by this
pin. If you need that the counter to be switched off then for that pin 13 must be at
high state. If the pin is at high then it will disregard the clock pulse without
paying attention that how much time you press the switch i.e. the count will not
go forward. Pin 13 in our circuit is grounded.
2. Output Pin (Pin Q0- Q9) -It is used to get the input in chronological order. Like pin 3
will give you the output for the first pulse and so on.
3. Ground Pin (Pin 8) and Supply pin (pin 16) – For the proper working of these IC these
pins are used to give ground as well as power supply.
4. Carry out Pin (Pin 12) – These pins are used to link one or more CD4017 IC with each
other. Suppose you have a desire to connect one more CD4017 IC then attach pin 12 to
the clock input to its next one. The carry pin of first CD4017 is connected to clock input
 of the second and the carry pin of the second is connected to the clock input of the third
and so on. In our circuit we left this pin as we have desire of only one IC in our circuit.
At the time when some one slap in front of the Mic the sound signal is converted into the
electrical signal by the condenser microphone.These signals are then given to the transistor T1
base which in return trigger the IC1 pin2. And with the help of the formula shown below the
time period for which the output stay in the high position can be calculated –

T = 1.1*R5*C4

At the moment the output from the IC1 pin 3 is given to CD4017 decade counter 14 pin, which
supply a clock pulse for the proper working of IC2. The counting of the CD4017 begins from the
zero after getting the clock input. And it moves to forward one by one at each time whenever pin
14 moves to high (as in front of the mic we clap). Like we get output from the pin 2 for the first
clap i.e. Q1 and LED1 will shine and the device connected to relay start operating . While for the
second clap output will receive at pin 4 and LED2 will shine while at this time LED1 turn off
and so on. At each output point you need to attach the individual relay .10 individual devices can
be controlled with the help of this circuit just connect the relay at appropriate outputs of
CD4017.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
 ADVANTAGES
1. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impairBHed person.
2. We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e.g. while lying
in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
3. Low cost and reliable circuit.
4. Complete elimination of man power.

DISADVANTAGES
1. It is generally cumbersome to have to clap one‟s hands to turn something on or off and it is
gerally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.
2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit , it is not that advantageous. So that circuit activates only
for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.

APPLICATIONS
Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-controlled applications.
2. Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar electronic device that the
person will want to turn on/off from bed.
3. This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is converted into
electrical energy by condenser microphone . Using this converted electrical energy which is used
to turn on relay (an electronic switch).
4. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.
5. The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off
from any location in the room (e.g. while lying in bed) simply by clapping your hands.
6. The major disadvantage is that it's generally cumbersome to have to clap one's hands to turn
something on or off and it's generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light
switch