DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ANNA

UNIVERSITY - CHENNAI

IT5412
ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES AND LABORATORY

PROJECT: HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TEAM MEMBERS:
1. MITHUN KARTHIKEYAN– 2022506086(TEAM LEADER)
2. MANOBALA P - 2022506081
3. BARATHBALA B - 2022506082
4. SARVESHVARAN - 2022506088
5. SANJAY B - 2022506124
6. MALIK ABDUR RAHMAN J - 2022506071
7. NAGARAJA BHARATHKUMARAN S - 2022506307
PROBLEM:

In this busy world we don’t have the time to wait in infamously long hospital queues. The problem is, queuing
at hospital is often managed manually by administrative staff, then take a token there and then wait for our
turn then ask for the doctor and the most frustrating thing - we went there by traveling a long distance and
then we come to know the doctor is on leave or the doctor can’t take appointments.

HMS will help us overcome all these problems because now patients can book their appointments at home,
they can check whether the doctor they want to meet is available or not. Doctors can also confirm or decline
appointments, this help both patient and the doctor because if the doctor declines’ appointment, then patient
will know this in advance and patient will visit hospital only when the doctor confirms’ the appointment this
will save time and money of the patient.

Patients can also pay the doctor’s consultant fee online to save their time. HMS is essential for all healthcare
establishments, be it hospitals, nursing homes, health clinics, rehabilitation centres, dispensaries, or clinics.
The main goal is to computerize all the details regarding the patient and the hospital. The installation of this
healthcare software results in improvement in administrative functions and hence better patient care, which
is the prime focus of any healthcare unit.
OBJECTIVES:
The implementation of a Hospital Management System (HMS) aims to achieve several key objectives for
healthcare institutions.
1. Firstly, the system focuses on streamlining the appointment management process, offering patients a more
efficient and convenient way to book appointments while reducing waiting times through automated
reminders.
2. Secondly, the HMS emphasizes enhanced data security by employing role-based access control, ensuring
the confidentiality of patient records and restricting access appropriately.
3. Thirdly, there is a strong emphasis on cost reduction, eliminating paper-based processes to cut costs and
optimizing infrastructure expenses through digital solutions.
4. Additionally, the system prioritizes improved data accuracy, minimizing errors in data entry and
enhancing the precision of patient records.
5. Furthermore, the HMS aims to streamline revenue management by simplifying financial auditing
processes and providing support for informed decision-making through financial analysis. Effective
communication is also a key objective, facilitating interactions between staff and patients and improving
communication channels with automated reminders.
6. Lastly, the system strives to optimize resource utilization within the hospital, ensuring efficient allocation
of staff and resources while maintaining optimal hospital capacity. Together, these objectives contribute
to the overall improvement of healthcare management, promoting efficiency, accuracy, and patient
satisfaction.
FUNCTIONALITIES:
1. Patient Registration:
Captures and maintains essential patient details such as name, contact information, and address. This
functionality ensures a centralized database of patient information for efficient record-keeping.

2. Appointment Scheduling:
Enables staff to schedule appointments for patients with healthcare providers. This feature helps in managing
the flow of patients and ensures that healthcare providers are available for consultations.
3.Doctor and Staff Management:
Maintains a directory of doctors and staff with basic information like names, contact details, and schedules.
This feature aids in organizing and managing the hospital's workforce.
4.Prescription Management:
Facilitates the creation and management of prescriptions, documenting medications prescribed to patients.
This helps in maintaining an accurate record of prescribed treatments.

5.Inventory Tracking:
Manages a basic inventory of medical supplies, keeping track of stock levels to prevent shortages. This feature
ensures the availability of essential items for patient care.
6.Admin management:

The role of an administrator, often referred to as the system administrator or admin, is crucial for overseeing
the efficient functioning of the system and ensuring that it meets the needs of the hospital.

7.Billing and Invoicing:

Generates bills for basic healthcare services, consultations, and medications. This functionality helps in
tracking financial transactions and managing patient billing.
8.Reporting and Analysis:
CLASS DIAGRAM OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

CONTEXT LEVEL
DIAGRAM

FIGURE 2.1 CONTEXT LEVEL DFD

 DFD LEVEL – 1

FIGURE 2.2 LEVEL – 1 DFD

FIGURE 2.3 LEVEL – 2 Registration

FIGURE 2.4 LEVEL – 2 Login

FIGURE 2.5 LEVEL – 2 Make Appointment

FIGURE 2.6 LEVEL – 2 Add Description

FIGURE 2.7 LEVEL – 2 Doctor Module

FIGURE 2.8 LEVEL – 2 Payment

FIGURE 2.9 LEVEL – 2 Cancel Appointment

FIGURE 2.10 LEVEL – 2 Patient Module

OOPS CONCEPTS:
CLASS and Objects:
• Doctor
• Patient
• Billing
• Faculty
• Pharmacy
• Appoiment
• Admin

Inheritance:
1. Code Reusability:
• Inheritance promotes code reuse. The common attributes and methods defined
in the Doctor and Patient are useful in child class Doctor History and other
child class respectively
2. Consistency:
• Inherited attributes and methods ensure consistency across related classes. For
example, both patients and doctors have common attributes like name and age

Data abstraction & Encapsulation:

Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is a form of data abstraction that involves bundling the data (attributes)
and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).
• Use private and protected access modifiers to encapsulate the internal details of classes,
allowing controlled access from outside.
Data Hiding:
• Hide internal details and expose only what is necessary for external use. This is
achieved through access modifiers and encapsulation.
• Limit the visibility of certain attributes and methods to ensure that users interact with
the objects at a higher, more abstract level.
DSA
Search and Retrieval:
- Implement data structures like hash tables or binary search trees for quick retrieval of patient
records, doctor information, or inventory items.

Sorting Algorithms:
- Apply sorting algorithms for displaying information in sorted order, such as sorting patient
records based on names or appointment dates.

Graph Algorithms:
- Represent relationships between entities (e.g., doctors, patients) as a graph and use algorithms
for pathfinding or optimizing resource allocation.

Queue for Emergency Cases:

- Utilize queues for managing emergency cases, ensuring timely attention to critical situations.

Optimizing Billing Operations:

- Apply algorithms for efficient billing processes, optimizing the generation of bills and
handling complex billing scenarios.

TECHNOLOGIES USED:
1. Programming Language:
• C++
2. Database Management System (DBMS):
• SQLite or MySQL (for local deployments)
3. User Interface (UI):
• Qt for C++ (for a graphical user interface)
4. Version Control:
• Git
5. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
• Visual Studio for C++ development
• Code: Blocks
 6. Operating System:
• Windows (for development)
7. Security:
• Implement secure coding practices in C++
• Utilize encryption for sensitive data

CONCLUSION:
The implementation of a Hospital Management System (HMS) presents a comprehensive
solution to the challenges faced in traditional healthcare management. By leveraging modern
technologies, the HMS streamlines appointment booking, ensures role-based access control,
and reduces overall operational costs. The utilization of appropriate data structures and
algorithms optimizes critical functionalities like appointment scheduling, search and retrieval,
and billing operations. Overall, the Hospital Management System serves as a robust and
integrated platform, aligning with the objectives of improving healthcare services, minimizing
errors, and ensuring effective resource utilization.