Streptococcus

Virulence Factors Staphylococcus pyogenes

aureus (S.aureus) (S.pyogenes)

Capsule (Yes/No) Yes Yes

M & F protein
Cell Wall component Protein A
( adherence)

- catalse (+) catalase (-)

Enzyme - coagulase (+) streptokinase

Streptolysin O &S
superantigen
pyrogenic exotoxin
Mb-disrupting
Exotoxin (leukocidins /
(A,B,&C
Beta hemolysis
Hemolysis)

Toxin exotoxin exotoxin

* sperical shape
* facultative anaerobes * facultative anaerobes
* golden colonies * non-motile
characteristics * grape shape * spherical shape
* violet color * violet color
* present on the skin * chain
and mocous
membranes of humans.
 * Folliculitis
* Impetigo * Impetigo
* Furuncles * streptococcal
* TSS gangrene
* Bullous impetigo * pharyngitis
* high fever * skin disease
Diseases & Symptoms * septic shock * scarlet fever
* red rash * strawberry tongue
* vomiting * enlargment of tonsils
* diarrhea and lymph nodes
* death * Nodules

Treatment antibiotics antibiotics

Gram +/- / Acid-Fast Gram (+) Gram (+)

 Streptococcus
pneumoniae Bacillus anthracis Clostridium tetani
(S.pneumoniae) (B.anthracis) (C.tetani)

Yes Yes

catalase (-) catalse (+) catalase (-)

pneumolysis
A-B toxin

exotoxin exotoxin exotoxin

* anaerobes
* rod shape
* chain * facultative anaerobes * spore forming
* facultative anaerobes * rod shape * spore is terminal
* spherical shape * form endospores * motile
* ferment sugar &
digest a.a
 * Anthrax (cutaneous,
gastrointestinal,
* Tetanus
inhalation)
* Middle ear and * tension of muscles
* Septicemia
lung diseases * muscle contraction
* meningitis
* meningitis * hard to swallow
* damage in lungs (pores)
* damage in lungs (pores) * hard in opening the
* edema
mouth
* hemorrhagic pneumonia
* Intestinal anthrax

* antibiotic /
antibiotics antibiotics *antitoxin/
* vaccine

Gram (+) Gram (+) Gram (+)

 (Enterobacteriaceae)
Clostridium botulinium Listeria Escherichia coli
(C.botulinium) monocytogenes (E.coli)

No

pilis with adhesion

catalse (-) catalse (+) oxidase (-)

botulinium toxin Listeriolysin O Shiga like toxin

exotoxin &
exotoxin exotoxin
endotoxin

* facultative anaerobes
* anaerobes
* rod / diplococci * ferment glucose
* rod shape
* motile * non-sporing
* spore forming
* facultative anaerobes * rod shape (bacilli)
* motile
* non-sporing * transmitted through raw
* ferment sugar & digest a.a
food, vegetables, and water
 * EHEC
* Bolutism
* Listeriosis (Enterohemorrhagic
* nausea
* Lesions colitis)
* vomiting
* Meningitis * watery diarrhea
* diarrhea
* Septicemia * bloody diarrhea
* paralysis ( Eyes, throat, neck,
* pneumonia * no fever
trunk, limbs)
* rash * hemolytic anemia
* death
* kidney failure

* eat cooked food

* vaccine * wash raw fruits and
antibiotics
* prepere care of wounds vegetables
* sterilized materials

Gram (+) Gram (+) Gram (-)

 Virulence Factors Salmonella typhi Shigella

Capsule (Yes/No) Yes

* O antigens
Cell Wall component * H antigens

* cytokinase
* oxidase (-)
Enzyme * oxidase (-)
* catalase (+)

* endotoxin
Exotoxin * exotoxin
Shiga Toxin

exotoxin & endotoxin&

Toxin endotoxin exotoxin
* rod shape * non-motile
* non-spore * facultative anaerobes
* facultative anaerobes * non-spore
* ferment *rods
glucose&menitol
* motile

characteristics
 * gastrointeritis * Shigellosis
* Enteric/thyroid fever * vomiting
* nausea * fever
* vomiting * dehydration
* non-bloody diarrhea * cramping
* fever/enteric fever * abdominal pain
* headache * watery diarrhea
* abdominal & muscle * scart stools/ bloody
Diseases & cramps stools
symptoms

prevention of fecal-oral
Treatment antibiotics
trasmission

Gram +/- / Acid-Fast Gram (-) Gram (-)

 Vibrio cholera Pseudomonas Helicobacter Neisseria
aeroginosa pylori meningitidis

Yes Yes Yes

* pili adhesion
* Alginate *protease (IL-8)

* urea test (+)

* oxidase (+)
* oxidase (+) * oxidase (+)
* oxidase (+) * SOD enzyme
* catalase (+) * catlase (+)
* catalase (+)
* urease

* toxin A
Cholera toxin * Hemolysis Geno toxin
* leukocidic

exotoxin &
endotoxin endotoxin endotoxin
endotoxin
* spiral shape * diplobacilli * non-enteric * diplococcus
* one twist * non-enteric * curved rod * non-motile
* motile * obligate aerobe * lopotrichous * ferment glucose and
* facultative anaerobe * motile organization maltose
* polar flagella * opportunistic pathogen * small
* non-enteric * 3 pigments: pycocyanin * spirillum
(blue), fluorescin (yellow), not fermentative
pyroverdin (yellow-green)
* Cholera * Endocarditis * stomach cancer * maningitis
* vomiting * ear infection (otitis) * peptic ulcer * septicemia
* diarrhea * skin infection * gastritis * skin rash
* acidosis * Urinary infection (cytitis) *nausea * skin rash
* muscle cramps * tiredness * burping * vomiting
* hypothelamic shock * shock * stomach pain * rigid neck
* rash * loss in weight * fever
* ear pain * abdominal pain * sensibility to bright
* cough light
* fever * septic shock
* swelling/redness * coma
* CNS infection

antimicrobial agents
( metronidazole,
antibiotics antibiotics tetracyline, Antibiotics
amoxicillin,
clarithromycin

Gram (-) Gram (-) Gram (-) Gram (-)

 `

Neisseria Treponema Mycobacterium

gonorrhoeae pallidium tuberculosis

No Yes

* peptodoglycan
&waxy layer
(mycolic acid)
* lipid rich

* catalse (-)
* oxidase (+) * adenylating enzyme
* oxidase (-)
* catalase (+) * catalase (+)

TNF-alpha (cytokines)

no exotoxin & exotoxin &

endotoxin
no endotoxin endotoxin
* piliated * spirochete * non-motile
* non-motile * thin * slow growth
* ferment glucose * spiral shape * resistance to detergents
* obligate * motile and some antibiotics
* fastidious * lack LPS * non-spore forming
* more than 2 * rod shaped
twists
* salpingitis * syphilis Tuberculosis (TB)
* purulant * primary ulcer * cough
discharge * secondary * hemoptysis
* pharyngitis cutaneous rash * chest pain
* olphtamia * fever * fatigue
neonatorum * swollen lymph * loss in weight
* disharge nodes * night sweat
* burning during * sore throat
urination * rash
* unusual sores * fatigue
* rash * muscle ache
* loss in weight
and hair

* health care
Antibiotics Damaging og DNA
* antibiotics

Gram (-) Gram (-) Acid Fast