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Bai 7 - e

The document describes an experiment on drying materials using hot air. The experiment aims to determine drying curves and rates by measuring mass loss over time under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Key steps include preparing samples, operating the drying system, collecting mass and environmental data regularly during drying, and analyzing the results to calculate drying parameters.

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Minh Châu
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25 views4 pages

Bai 7 - e

The document describes an experiment on drying materials using hot air. The experiment aims to determine drying curves and rates by measuring mass loss over time under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Key steps include preparing samples, operating the drying system, collecting mass and environmental data regularly during drying, and analyzing the results to calculate drying parameters.

Uploaded by

Minh Châu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 7

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DRYING

I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most common method for separating water from a wet material is drying with hot
air (drying agent).
When the wet material is contacted to hot air, water on the surface of the material will
evaporate and diffuse into the air. Then there will appear the difference of moisture between
the surface and inside the material and thus diffuse from the inside of the material to the
surface of the material.
Thus, the moisture separation process of the material consists of two stages:
+ Stage one: mainly disperses free moisture from the wet material surface into the
environment. The drying rate (more moisture per unit surface per unit time) is constant and
do not depend on the moisture content of the material if the drying conditions are not
changed. This stage is called the "constant-rate drying" stage.
+ Stage two: When the moisture of the material is less than the critical moisture, the
amount of moisture inside the material transferred to the surface of the material is less than
the amount of moisture that can evaporate on the surface of the material, the drying rate starts
to decrease. The “reduction-rate drying” continues until the moisture content of the material
reaches equilibrium.
Representing the change in moisture content of the material over time, the curve is
called a "drying curve" (see Figure 1).
If we show the relationship between the drying rate and the moisture content of the material,
we get a curve called the "drying rate curve" (see Figure 2).

Figure 1. Drying curve Figure 2. Rate drying curve

II. EXPERIMENT PURPOSES


1. Get familiar with and know how to operate the hot air drying system with exhaust gas
recirculation.
2. Determine the relationship between the moisture content of the material and the drying
time (drying curve).
3. Determine the relationship between the drying speed and the material moisture content
(drying rate curve).
4. Calculate drying time according to formula and compare with actual drying time.

III. EXPERIMENT SYSTEM

Figure 3. Experiment system


1. Fan 7. Scale
2, 10. Air doors 8,9. Hygrometer
3. Plate 11. Relays
4. Electric calorifier 12. Light
5. Drying chamber 13. Breaker
6. Flow meter 14. Humidity control unit
Operation:
The outside air is exhausted by fan 1 through door 10 and then heated in electric calorifier 4.
Controlled air temperature by contact thermometer system and relay 11. Humidity of the air
before and after the drying chamber is determined with a hygrometer 8 and 9. The wet
material is placed in the trays placed in a frame of the drying chamber. The frame is hung on
the scale 7. Observe the change in the mass of the drying material on the needle of the scale.
Adjust the exhaust air volume with plate 3 and flowmeter 6.

IV. EXPERIMENT STEPS


1. Material soak: requires no stirring, no loss.
2. Observe and check the experimental system according to the diagram
3. Fill the hygrometer with water and prepare the measuring instruments: the thermometer
and hygrometer.
4. Turn on the fan and close the circuit breaker to increase heat for the calorifier.
5. Wait until the drying air temperature (drying agent) stabilizes to put the material in and
read the readings on the scale.

2
6. Every 5 minutes (from the time the material was added), read and write the number on
the scale again. Do this until the reading on the scale has remained constant for three
measurements, stop the experiment.
7. Turn off the circuit breaker, turn off the fan, take out the tray to observe the material
(take care not to lose material). Record the obtained data in the "experiment record" and
report to the supervisor. Clean up the lab area before leaving. (Note: must turn off the
circuit breaker of the calorifier first, then after a while then turn off the fan).

V. CALCULATION
1. The initial amount of moisture is present in the material: g = Gư – GK, g (12-1)
Where:
Gư : Mass of wet material, g
GK : Mass of absolute dry material, g
2. Mass of evaporated water : Wi = Gi – Gi-1, g (12-2)
Gi, Gi-1: mass of material corresponding to time i and i-1
3. Mass The amount of moisture contained in the material: W' = g - Wi, g
(12-3)
4. The percentage mass of moisture in the material is calculated as an absolute dry material:
W '.100
W =
GK , % (12-4)
5. The drying time of constant-rate drying stage:
1 W d −W th
d = .
K W th −W cb (12-5)

Where :
K: constant velocity of the drying process, 1/s
Wd, Wth, Wcb : Initial moisture content, critical moisture content and
equilibrium moisture content of material, calculated as absolute dry
material.
6. The drying time of the reduction-rate drying stage:
2,3 W th −W cb
g = lg
K W c −W cb (12-6)
Where:
Wc: final moisture content of material, calculated as absolute dry material

7. Draw a drying curve and a drying rate curve

8. Comment on experiment results

3
EXPERIMENTAL DATA SHEET AND CALCULATION RESULTS
Time Thermometer Calculation parameters
 Before drying chamber After drying chamber
Test Scale Moisture in
(min)  Evaporated Moisture in the material
Dry Wet Dry Wet G the material Drying rate
(min) moisture according to the absolute
thermometer thermometer thermometer thermometer (g) W' Wi/
Wi (g) dry material W%
(K) (Ư) (K) (Ư) (g)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

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